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引导时间状语从句的五类引导词
一．引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：
1. 基本类
包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如：
Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗?
We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。
You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。
Don’t promise him anything till we’ve had time to think about it.
在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。
2. 名词类
即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一……就……”。如
I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。
Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。
3. 副词类
即由副词充当引导词，如immediately, directly, instantly等。如：
I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。
Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。
4. 短语类
主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如：
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。
My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。
The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。
5. 句型类
包括no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如：
I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。
Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。二．时态呼应
在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：
I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。
She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。
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I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。
I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来
Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了
1. 时态呼应
一般来讲，复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律，状语从句也不例外。即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。如：
Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
You must see the doctor if you are ill. 如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。
主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般过去时。如：
When he was seven years old, he could swim. 当他七岁时就会游泳。
She turned off the light before she left the office. 她离开办公室前就关了灯。
■与时间状语从句有关的时态问题
关于这个问题有两点值得注意：
(1)当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态：
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。
(2)与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态：
He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时：
It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。
2. 主从句的位置。
大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时，主从句
之间必须用逗号隔开。如：
Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back, please tell me.
三．基本类
（一）. when, while, as的用法
when只能用于一般时态，while可以用于进行时态
while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语
动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用when；当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时，只能用as。另外，用于此义的as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。
例题：_____ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
A. As
B. As soon as
C. While
D. Till
