2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析

Section A

（空气污染篇）

millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution

costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in

welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the

developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__

with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts

to $225 billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.

Indoor pollution, which includes

28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the

past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of

outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in

industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health

Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it a s an “urgent call

to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the

air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world,

where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP.

Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live

in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor

air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world.

Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related

ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have

become more common in recent years, that number reaches in

the tens of thousands. 题目解析：本次四级选词填空相比往年的难度并没有过多差异，单词的考察的还是不同词性用法以及词正确形式的使用。除此之外，根据文章上下文选择符合文章逻辑的正确含义的词依旧是难点。所以，选词填空对于绝大部分的学生来说，应该明确的思路是—缩小选择范围，这样才能最大可能的判断正确选项。缩小选择范围的四个步骤：1.划分词性2.判断主旨3.判断词性与形式4.代入选项

1.划分词性。将15个单词根据尾缀划分为四组单词。

2.判断主旨。本篇文章延续了与今年上半年考过的主题—环境污染。关于主题的判断可根据文章的名词重点捕捉，而无需探究每一个词的含义。

3.判断词性与形式。这部分主要结合出题人在设计此类题型时，常用的句式，记住并套用即可。词的形式主要针对的是动词和名词，当判断出词性后，需要判断动词的词性、名词的单复数。

4.带入选项。这一步在备选选项大于一个时较难，因为需要考生结合文章的逻辑，选择符合文意的单词，考察学生的词汇量。

下面将根据具体的题目，将3、4 步进行说明。

答案：

26. F. damage .根据空前为形容词，判断出空缺处为名词，根据上文，空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，对于发展中国家带来最大的伤害，因此选择damage。

27. B.associated 空前为the figures include a number of costs

27__ with air pollution 空格前主谓宾齐全，可判断空格处和后面的with构成短语做后置定语修饰前面的cost。Associate与be…with 构成固定搭配。符合文意。

28. M.sources. Indoor pollution, which includes 28__ , 空前为动词，可知空格处为名词来做动词的宾语。第二段首句表示据报道污染you室内和室外污染，室内污染包括像home heating and

cooking 。

29. D.constant. …like home heating and cooking, has remain

29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Remain 作为系动词后应跟形同次，因此根据文意选择constant。

30.G.descirbed Director of Institute for Health Metrics and

Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it as an “urgent call to action.”根据出题人常考句式n_n v. 空前为名词空后为名词，此处应填入及物动词，因此根据文意选择described。

31 E control 空格前为形容词little，空格处做have的宾语，因此填名词，和over形成词组，因此选择control，control over控制，此句意为过早死亡的危险因素之一为我们呼吸的空气，个人对它几乎没有控制权。

32. H equals 空格前为lost labor income为名词，定语从句中的主语，空格后为of结构的名词，因此判断出空格为谓语，选动词，且第三人称单数形式，选择equals，此句意为空气污染的影响在发展中国家最为糟糕，在一些地方，劳动收入的损失相当于近GDP的1%。33. K regularly 空格前为名词，空格后为动词，判断出空格为副词，选择regularly，此句意为在低收入与中等收入的国家，大约9-10人生活在经常遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。34. I exclusively 空格前为谓语动词，空格后为be limited to的宾语，句子成分完整，判断空格为副词，选择exclusively，此句意为但是这个问题不仅仅局限于发展中国家。

35. O vehicles 空格前为名词/形容词，空格后为谓语动词，判断出空格为主语名词，由diesel 限定修饰，选择vehicles，此句意为，在许多欧洲国家，柴油汽车近年变得越来越普遍，这个数字达到了数万辆。

Section B

Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles

of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a

white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent

day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle

with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought

about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her. “The

frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really

good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can

take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the

next morning.”

[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who

is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes

Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s

‘Shop with Your Doc’program sends doctors to the

grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the

service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with

questions.

[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch

to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make

it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long

that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure

they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”