法律英语的语言特征与翻译原则

法律英语的词汇特征与相对应的翻译要求法律英语是一门独特的专业语言，具有许多特点。

在进行法律翻译时，需要考虑这些特点，以保证翻译质量和准确度。

以下是法律英语的词汇特征及其相对应的翻译要求。

1. 正式性：法律英语使用正式、规范的词汇和表达方式。

翻译时需要保持文本的正式性，使用相应的合适表达方式。

2. 严密性：法律英语要求准确明确，不能有歧义。

翻译时需要确保词句的准确性和清晰度。

3. 技术性：法律英语涉及广泛的法律领域，其中包含大量专业术语。

翻译时需要理解这些术语的准确含义，并使用相应的汉语术语进行翻译。

4. 法律细节：法律文件通常包含详细的法律条款、规定和程序。

翻译时需要仔细理解细节，并确保准确传达。

5. 动词形容词化：在法律英语中，动词和形容词被广泛应用并修改名词。

翻译时需要根据上下文适当使用动词或形容词。

6. 习语和俚语：法律英语中常使用习语和俚语，有时与日常用语有所不同。

翻译时需要熟悉这些习语和俚语，并找到相应的汉语表达。

8. 文化因素：法律文件可能涉及特定国家或地区的法律和制度。

翻译时需要考虑到这些文化因素，选择适当的汉语翻译。

9. 法律事实和法理：法律文件中常涉及法律事实和法理，需要仔细处理和翻译。

翻译时需要确保法律事实和法理的准确传达。

10. 文件结构：法律文件通常具有特定的结构和格式，如章节、款项、附件等。

翻译时需要注意原文的结构和格式，并合理组织汉语翻译。

翻译法律英语是一项复杂且具有挑战性的任务。

除了以上词汇特征和对应的翻译要求外，翻译人员还需要具备良好的法律知识和理解能力，以及出色的语言表达能力，以确保翻译质量和准确度。

法律英语专业术语的特征及翻译(2)推荐文章•做好外事翻译工作的思考热度：•商务英语翻译课程的学习要诀热度：•中英小说风格翻译问题浅谈热度：•文学翻译的创造性叛逆与可接受性热度：•旅游文化信息翻译的原则和方法热度：法律英语专业术语的特征及翻译二、法律术语翻译的原则1.法律术语翻译的公正性。

法律的最重要准则是公正性,因此法律翻译也必须体现这一原则。

法律英语是以英语共同语为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点的语言。

因此,在法律英语中不仅有众多的具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇,而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范,不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情,在翻译实践中译者必须考虑其属于法律范畴的义项。

因此译文的语言必须反映出目标语中法律语言的特点。

英语和汉语是两种不同的语言,但在句子结构上毕竟还有相同点,大体上都具有是“主、谓、宾”的基本框架。

只要英语句子可以按其原有的成分排列顺序转换成结构大体相同的汉语句子,翻译时就应当照办,而不能随意偏离翻译的基本原则,把翻译当作释义。

例如一些法规将“但是”翻译成“but”或者“however”,这样的翻译不符合法律英语的特点,应该改译成更符合法律英语语体的“provided that”。

另外,有些日常用语在法律语境下失去了原来的民族共同语义项,甚至与民族共同语义项大相径庭。

2.法律术语翻译的一致性。

译文在词汇的选择和表达形式上都必须符合目标语言的表达习惯,译文只有符合目标语法律语言的词汇特征,才能在目标语的读者面前像原文本的读者一样保持法律的庄严和权威性。

对于英文原法律文本中的同义词或近义词连用形式的翻译,由于英汉语言的区别,并不是每一个在意义上有细微差别的英语同义词或近义词都有相应的汉语对等词汇,因此,并没有必要把原文中的每一个同义词和近义词都翻译出来。

法律语言间词语使用的一致性,必须由使用法律语言的双方认可,而且不像日常生活或自然科学中词语的使用容易达到相同的理解。

Statutes and contracts: An analysis of legal speech acts inthe English language of the lawThe Aarhus School of Business, Department of English, Fuglesangs All~ 4, DK-8210 Aarhus V, DenmarkAbstractThis paper is concerned with the language used in legal speech acts in legislative texts and contracts in the field of English Contract Law. The central objects of study are regulative functions with a particular view to establishing realization patterns of the rhetorical functions of directive and commissive acts. The findings show that the language of the law characteris-tically selects patterns of regulatives distinct from, for example, the patterns typically selected in everyday conversational English. The characteristics of the language of the law can be interpreted within the adherence to legal institutions, as well as in terms of the face redress required by the socio-pragmatic situation.1. BackgroundThe field of legal language within the written medium is unique with regard to distinctive lexical features, such as technical terms, archaic expressions, etc., and itis renowned for its syntactic complexity, which has given rise to a number of stud-ies of these aspects (see, e.g. Danet, 1985: 278-287). However, with the exceptionof a few studies (e.g. Kurzon, 1986; Werther and Helmersen, 1989), little attentionhas been given to pragmatics and politeness in written legal discourse. In the field of pragmatics (including work on politeness phenomena), research has been concerned primarily with oral discourse, often based on non-sequential hypo-thetical data, and very few studies are concerned with pragmatics and politeness in written discourse (see, e.g. Myers, 1989; Pilegaard, 1990). This paper presents a pragmatic study of a highly specialized discourse, viz. the language of authentic legislative texts and contracts, which are analyzed for socio-pragmatic occurrence and pragmalinguistic realization of regulative acts. Politeness is discussed within a consideration of the imposition of regulative acts. This research has been financed partly by The Danish Research Council for the Humanities and I would like to express my gratitude for their support. The article is based on my findings published inpreliminary versions as Trosborg (1991) and Blom and Trosborg (1992). tionship which exists between the legislative power and the citizens, in which case the former has the authority to make rules for citizens to obey in order to maintainlaw and order. An empirical question to be answered in this connection is whether this difference in authority results in a difference, for example in directness levels, between the two kinds of the law, i.e. between the language used in legislation compared to the lan-guage employed in private law (contracts and deeds).Commission shall be paid on a quarterly basis and shall be based on the previous quarter's nett sales. (4-001 )Employees shall work such overtime as the Company from time to time thinks necessaryaccording to the needs of its business. (4-014)As in (4-001), the illocution is frequently constructed by the application of pas-sivization involving agent suppression, and/or by the use of non-human subject. Those are prominent features of the legal register, and may be explained in terms offace redress in order to reduce the face-threat involved in issuing a directive.4.1.2. ProhibitionsIn the regulation of behaviour by means of prohibitions, the modal shall is usedalmost exclusively (6.0% out of 6.8% of the strategies observed):the Representative shall not be entitled to enter into any contract or obligation on behalf of the Company without the express written consent of the Company being first obtained. (4-016)Nothing in this Clause shall confer any right upon the Distributor to return Products purchased by it pur-suant hereto or to refuse or delay payment for them. (4-068)The officer shall have no entitlement to any further period of holiday with or without remuneration unless expressly agreed between the company and the officer. (4-006)The three examples reflect some of the different types of negation which were men- tioned in 2.2.1.2.4.2. Rights4.2,1. PermissionIn contracts, a symmetrical relation holds between the two parties, either of whichis able to grant permission to the other party:The Hirer may determine the hiring at any time by giving one month's previous notice in writing expir-ing on one of the days appointed for payment of rent (4-015)The Owner hereby grants to the Distributor [...] the sole and exclusive right to licence, sub-licence and generally to market, distribute and support the Software (4-047)The company hereby gives the officer permission to reside with his wife and children in the dwelling-house and premises [...] as the company's representative (4-006) Statements of permission amounted to 5.8% of the total number of strategies.4.2.2. Assignment of benefit~liabilityThe examples below are linguistic manifestations of the subcategories (i) assign-ment of benefits, (ii) negated assignment of benefits, (iii) limitation of liability, and (iv) negated limitation of liability, respectively:the Company shall have power [...] to carry on its business alone or in association with any one or more persons (whether natural or legal) or by any one or more subsidiary companies (4-026)The duty to disclose contained in this clause shall not impose on either party any obligation to develop any such modification or improvement (4-027)The Carrier shall be relieved of its obligation to perform the Contract to the extent that the performance thereof is prevented by failure of the Trader (4-038)no liability whatsoever shall be accepted by the Contractor for any alterations or additions carried out in contravention of this Clause (4-059)4.3. Constitutive rulesConstitutive rules establish the terms of the contract (for example, concerning lia- bility), and spell out conditions relating to price, date, amount, etc. Furthermore, theydefine expressions and terms in the contract or supply information concerning appli- cation of these terms. Examples typically involve lexical main verbs such as mean, apply, include, exclude, and constructions with be + copula."ACCIDENT" includes exposure resulting from a mishap to a conveyance in which the Assured is travelling (4-021)The Agent is responsible for finding out and notifying in detail of Governmental and other requirements in the Territory affecting this Agreement (4-018)Future reference by the use of the modal shall may indicate a constitutive spellingout a rule of the contract with a legal effect. ANY notice required to be served upon the Owner or Hirer hereunder shall be deemed to be duly served 48 hours after posting if sent by first class recorded delivery post (4-053)4.4. CommissivesBy making a promise a party to the contract commits him/herself before the law. Promises were typically expressed by means of performative verbs, such as agree, undertake, acknowledge, warrant, accept:The Supplier warrants to the Customer that the Equipment marketed by the Supplier is believed to be free from defects of workmanship and materials (4-057)The Licensee acknowledges that the copyright in [...] all written, printed and photographed matter sup-plied by the Grantor under this agreement [...] shall belong to and remain vested in the Grantor (4-027)The verbs promise and covenant were observed but they were not in frequent use.5. Discussing the findingsNo detailed comparison of the use of regulatives in legislative texts compared with the use in simple contracts will be provided. A few comments shall suffice. In both types of legal documents, the category of direct directives dominates (leg-islation 47.6%, contracts 46.3%) with mandatory shall as the single most frequently used sub-category (legislation 21.4%, contracts 38.0%). A higher number of consti-tutives in statutes (39.3%) compared with contracts (22.7%) reflects the very func-tion in the former of establishing rules and regulations. Commissives occurred only in contracts. A difference was observed in the use of explicit performatives in directives compared with commissives. Strategies of the prototype I hereby order you to do X were rarely observed, neither in statutes, nor in contracts, whereas strategies of the type I hereby promise to do X amounted to 9.5% in contracts. This difference can be explained with reference to the face-threat (see 1.2.1) involved in the two acts. When trying explicitly to enforce the desired behaviour (which is for the benefit of the sender and normally at the cost of the receiver) onto the receiver, the sender openly threatens the requester's right to remain unimpeded. This explains why explicit performative verbs are avoided. On the contrary, when issuing a promise, the speaker commits him/herself (and not someone else) to carry out the act specified in the proposition, but does not impose on the other party. The promise is at the cost of the sender and believed to be for the benefit of the receiver. For these reasons, a promise is less face-threaten-ing to the receiver and the promise can be emphasized by being made explicit by means of a performative verb.When comparing the directives observed in English Contract Law with directives observed in everyday conversations, the selection of directness levels differs markedly inthe two domains (see Trosborg, 1991).5 The strategies used most fre-quently in everyday conversational English belong to the category of conventionally indirect directives, which finding is in agreement with the findings of previous stud-ies (e.g. Ervin-Tripp, 1976 (American English), Blum-Kulka et al., 1989 (British and American English)). Querying the hearer's ability/willingness to perform a given act (Could you spare me a cigarette ?/Would you mind mailing this package for me?) amounts to 50.6% of the total number of strategies observed in conversational Eng-lish, while statements of the speaker's wishes and desires (1 would like you to send me a parts list) amount to 16.9%, altogether comprising 67.5% of the total number of strategies. These strategies occur neither in contract law, nor in contracts. The most frequent category in the language of the law and in contracts is direct ordering (47.6%, 46.3%, respectively), which is the category employed least fre-quently in the conversational data (9.6%). As for individual strategies, statements5 The data of comparisonderivefromdiadic conversationsbetweennative speakersof Englishelicited by means of roleplay materialconstructedon the basis of anticipatedillocutionaryactswith a directive function. The rolerelationshipsbetweenthe two participantsvaried along two parameters: 'dominance' and 'social distance', and the situationsinvolveda high 'degree of imposition'.5.1. The use of politeness markersIn everyday conversations, the illocutionary force of directives is often hedged or mitigated by the inclusion of politeness markers (I wonder if you could possibly ...).In the language of the law, mitigators are almost absent (unlike the language employed in judgments and mediation, see Maley, this volume). However, one device, which has been observed to occur frequently, is defocalization of agent as well as patient. A preliminary analysis has shown that only 19.4% of the observed directives in contract law have a human subject. Depersonalization is one way of mitigating the impact of a directive on the addressee, as in such sum shall be recov-erable~regard shall be had. Another reason for the high number of directives employing a non-human subject is the fact that the law operates by laying down its own constitutive rules with legal actants as subjects, such as 'this act', 'the provi-sions of this section', 'a statutory instrument', 'the guarantee'. In contracts, subjects pertaining to 'conditions of the contract', such as price, data, amount, license fees, etc. amount to 23.1% of the subjects employed in regulative acts, and as such it is the second largest subject category (only surpassed by 'collective nouns' (35.4%)). Further discussion of this point is postponed to a future paper.5.2. Concluding remarksThis paper has analyzed the occurrence of legal speech acts in English Contract Law. It has pointed to declarations by means of the enactment formula as unique to legislative texts. In contracts, explicit commissive acts occur as affirmative state-ments. Furthermore, an analysis has been presented of directive acts observed in the corpus revealing the communicative acts of statements of obligation, statements ofprohibition, statements of permission (involving 'assignment of rights', 'limitationof liability', and 'assignment of benefits'), as well as constitutive statements as directive acts typical of the language of the law. When comparing the observed directives to directives observed in everyday con-versations, it has been shown that the selectionpatterns, drawn from a continuum of directness levels, differ. Legislative texts and simple contracts of English Contract Law show a predominance of direct strategies (statements of obligation and prohibi-tion), whereas conversational English favours conventionally indirect strategies. It was argued that this difference could be ascribed to the external factors of the social situation, rather than to a difference in medium (written vs. spoken). Further-more, it is not just a matter of the English language of the law being more direct than conversational English (no imperatives were observed); it is a question of selecting strategies to express a specific communicative function in a particular sender/receiver relationship within the considerations of the 'felicity conditions' of the act in question and within the socio-pragmatic requirements of the situation.法规与合同：法律语言行为在法律英语语言中的分析[摘要]：本文研究的是英国合同法领域法律文本与合同中法律语言行为里语言的使用，研究的主要内容是用有特殊视角的规范功能来建立指示与命令行为的修饰功能的实现方式。

法律英语的语言特征和翻译法律英语是指应用于法律领域的英语语言。

随着全球化的发展，法律领域的国际交流日益频繁，对法律英语的翻译需求也越来越大。

然而，由于法律英语具有其独特的语言特征，翻译法律英语需要专业知识以确保准确传递法律条文的含义和精确表达。

法律英语的语言特征如下：1. 正式与精确性：法律英语使用正式的措辞，要求表达精确明确，以确保法律条文的准确性和适用性。

这种严谨的用语包括特定的法律术语和固定短语。

2. 冗长和复杂：法律文件通常使用复杂的句法结构和冗长的表达方式，这是为了确保法律条文的详尽和细致。

这种特征使得法律英语在翻译时需要更多的准确性和专业知识。

3. 抽象和术语化：法律英语倾向于使用抽象和术语化的表达，以确保法律条文具有广泛和具体的适用性。

术语的准确理解和运用是法律英语翻译的关键。

4. 文化和历史影响：法律是一个与特定文化和历史相关的领域，因此法律英语中常常存在特定于某个国家或地区的语言习惯和文化隐喻。

翻译法律英语需要对相关文化和法律体系的了解，以避免翻译过程中的误解和错误。

在翻译法律英语时，需要注意以下几个方面：1. 精确性与准确性：法律翻译必须非常准确传达原文的含义和条款。

翻译人员需要对法律术语的确切定义和用法有深入的了解，并通过对比法律体系和相关案例来确保翻译的正确性。

2. 专业知识：翻译人员应具备扎实的法律背景知识和翻译技巧。

他们需要了解源语言和目标语言之间法律概念的差异，并能够适当地调整翻译策略和技巧以确保准确传达法律含义。

3. 文化适应性：由于法律与文化和历史紧密相关，国家和地区之间的法律体系和用语往往存在差异。

翻译人员应对相关国家和地区的法律文化有一定的了解，以便在翻译中考虑这些差异并做出适当的调整。

4. 文件格式与排版：法律文件通常具有特定的格式和排版要求，翻译人员需要在保持准确性的基础上进行格式和排版的调整，确保翻译文件符合原文的法律要求。

综上所述，法律英语的翻译需要专业知识和高度准确性，同时还需要对文化和历史背景的了解。

浅析法律英语的特点及翻译原那么法律英语和普通英语的重要区别之一就是法律英语中用到的很多普通词汇往往具有专业特定含义，本文来浅析法律英语的特点及翻译原那么。

作为专业英语(esp)的分支学科之一，法律英语(legal english)是应用型、功能型英语。

法律英语，在英语国家中被称为legal language或language of the law，即法律语言，指表述法律科学概念以及诉讼或非诉讼法律事务时所用的语种或某一语种的局部用语。

随着改革开放的深入和国际贸易交流的日益广泛，法律英语翻译的需要翻译需求空前旺盛。

法律英语就其文体来说属于职业专用英语，是一种正式的书面语体，是应用语的一个分支，其行文庄重、构造严谨、表达准确。

作为一种专用英语，法律英语具有以下几个特征。

1.专业的特定性法律英语和普通英语的重要区别之一就是法律英语中用到的很多普通词汇往往具有专业特定含义，因此不能简单当作普通英语看待，否那么很容易对法律英语的理解出现偏差。

比方aoid，普通英语是“避开”的意思，而在法律英语中是“躲避取消”的意思;party在普通英语中翻译成“群，组，团队”，而在法律英语中要翻译成“社会集会一方，当事人”;sere在法律英语中尤指“当用人送达(传票等)”，而不能翻译成“为某人工作”。

2.词义的传承性法律词汇具有明显的传承性特征。

沿用旧的法律用语，即古体词，就是这一特征的表现。

一词汇在现代英语的许多文体中不再使用，但是在法律文体中，它们经过漫长的历史并没有随着法律的开展而改变，仍然保持其原有的含义。

法律英语古体词从古英语和中古英语时期沿袭而来，其由两局部组成，有些于法语、拉丁语和少量希腊语等外来词语，例如“suit”，“testimony”等。

另外一些古英语，例如由here-，there-和where-组成的复合词(hereunder=under it， thereof=of that，where for=for the reasons mentioned aboe)用来表示确定的含义。

法律英语的词汇特征与相对应的翻译要求
法律英语是一种特殊的语言，具有其独特的词汇特征。

在法律文件中，经常出现一些特定的词汇和短语，这些词汇往往具有严格的法律含义和规范用法。

对法律英语词汇的翻译要求也更为严格和准确。

下面将介绍一些法律英语的词汇特征，并分析相对应的翻译要求。

法律英语的词汇特征还包括频繁使用的法律术语和短语。

在法律文件中，经常出现大量的法律术语和短语，这些术语和短语通常具有特定的规范用法，对翻译人员的专业水平和语言功底提出了较高的要求。

“tort”（侵权行为）、“attorney at law”（执业律师）、“pro bono”（无偿服务）等术语和短语都具有较强的专业性和规范性，翻译时需要准确理解其含义和用法，确保翻译的准确性和规范性。

法律英语的词汇特征还表现为具有复杂的法律逻辑和推理性。

在法律文件中，经常存在大量的复杂、抽象的法律逻辑和推理，需要翻译人员具有较强的逻辑思维能力和分析能力，准确理解和表达法律文本中的逻辑关系和推理过程。

法律判决书中的理由部分、法律条款中的解释部分等都需要翻译人员具有较强的逻辑推理能力和准确的语言表达能力，确保翻译的严谨和准确。

法律英语翻译需要遵循的三大原则法律英语有正式、严谨、庄重等特点，因此在做法律英语翻译时，也要做到在目的语中再现这些特点。

法律文本旨在准确无误地传递具有规定性和约定性的信息，其译文也当如此，所以在翻译时，不应有遗漏、篡改、添加的信息或是引起歧义的信息。

我们在翻译法律文本时，也是有章可循的，根据学者观点，我们把法律英语翻译的原则总结为以下三个原则：准确精确原则、清晰简明原则和前后一致原则。

下面我们来结合例子学习一下：一、准确精确原则和文学翻译一样，法律文本翻译也要求做到“忠实、通顺”，但是法律文本因其独特的性质和特点，对“忠实、通顺”的要求更高。

我们在翻译时要力求准确精确，只有这样我们才可以如实地传达原法律文本的意思并实现同等的法律效力，所以我们必须把准确精确性原则视为首要原则。

例如：(1)reasonable person不是指“通情达理的人”，而是指“普通正常人；理性自然人”；(2)personal representative不是指“个人代表”，而是指“遗嘱执行人”；(3)damages在普通英语中指“伤害”，而在法律英语中指“损害赔偿金”；(4)burden of proof不是指“证明的负担”，而是指“举证责任”等等。

再来看几个例句：(1)In the event of breach of this warranty, Buyer may rescind his Agreement and consideration paid by it to Sellers will be returned.一旦违背本保证，买方可解除本协议，已支付给卖方的任何对价应退还买方。

在本句中，consideration 不是指“考虑”，而是指合同法中的专有名词“对价”，指当事人一方在获得某种利益时，必须给付对方相应的代价。

(2)外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失 (Chen, 1992)。

法律英语的词汇特征与相对应的翻译要求
法律英语是一门特殊的语言，具有其独特的词汇特征和表达方式。

了解这些特点对于进行法律翻译非常重要。

以下是法律英语的词汇特征和相应的翻译要求：
1. 术语化
法律英语的语言具有术语化的特点，即使用大量的专业词汇和专有名词。

这些术语具有明确的定义和特定的意义，需要在翻译时严格保持其原意。

译者需要熟练掌握法律英语术语的定义和用法，并在翻译过程中确保术语的准确性和一致性。

2. 严谨
法律英语的表达方式通常非常严谨，语言精确、简洁，不使用多余的修辞和华丽的词汇。

译者需要在翻译时保持原文的严谨性，并尽可能减少或避免使用过于生动或情感化的表达方式。

3. 逻辑性强
法律英语的表达方式通常非常逻辑严谨，使用明确的逻辑连接词和句子结构。

译者需要在翻译过程中保持逻辑上的连贯性和一致性，并尽可能准确地传达原文的逻辑结构和意义。

4. 多词义性
多词义性是法律英语的一个重要特点，即同一个词汇在不同的上下文中可能具有多种不同的意义。

译者需要仔细辨析原文中的具体含义，确保所翻译的词汇在上下文中的意义准确无误，并符合法律术语的使用规范。

5. 文化差异
法律英语的表达方式和词汇使用也受到文化差异的影响。

不同国家和地区的法律制度和司法实践可能存在差异，导致法律英语的词汇使用存在一定的差异。

译者需要对文化背景和法律制度有一定的了解和认识，并根据具体情况进行翻译。

总之，法律英语是一门高度专业化和严谨性极强的语言。

在进行法律翻译时，需要具备扎实的法律英语知识和技能，并注重表达的准确性和一致性，以确保翻译结果符合原文的意义和法律规范。

论法律英语的词汇特点与翻译原则摘要：法律英语就其文体而言属于职业专用语言(english for occupational purposes），具有其自身的语言特征。

随着我国改革开放的深入、对外政治经济文化来往的日益频繁，涉外法律问题也逐渐增多。

因此，无论是对于涉外法律工作者、法学研究者还是法律翻译工作者，了解和掌握法律英语的语言特征是很必要的。

本文主要针对法律英语在词汇层面的特点提出相应的翻译原则，对于提高法律英语的翻译水平有一定帮助。

关键词：法律英语; 词汇特征; 翻译原则法律英语是一门专门用途英语。

一般认为法律英语主要指的是以英语为母语的普通法(common law）国家的法学研究人员、法官、律师和其他司法工作者在以法律为职业和以法学研究为目的的过程中所使用的法律习惯语言(customary language）。

一般主张用legal english来表述“法律英语”，而美国法律语言研究权威mellinkoff则认为legal english会产生“合法的英语”的歧义，认为“法律英语”用the english language of law更合适。

作为专门用途语言，法律英语有其自身的特点，主要表现在词汇、句法和语篇等层面上。

本文将主要结合法律英语的词汇特征提出相应的翻译原则。

一、法律英语的词汇特征词汇特征是法律英语特征的重要组成部分，具体有一下几个方面：1．法律英语用词严谨规范、书面语较多法律英语体现了在阶级社会中处于统治地位的阶级、集团的意志，具有鲜明的政策导向和权威意识。

因此要求语言严谨规范，必须使用正式的、被赋予专门法律意义的书面语，而不能像文学作品那样使用华丽的词藻和丰富的修饰语，也不能使用比喻、夸张和委婉语气等修辞手法。

如“制定法律”中的“制定”一词,就经常用正式的promulgate或formulate来表示，而不用日常生活中常见的make一词。

另外，为了体现法律上的严肃性，法律英语的措辞风格仍以严谨、庄重为主，用词正式、规范。