2011年苏州大学考博英语试卷【4篇阅读理解真题与答案】

考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWe have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “ beyond dispute”. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each is special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved. “ To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.1．It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A．there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexesB．the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuousC．the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of cultureD．the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes正确答案：D解析：细节题。

考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。

考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。

（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。

（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。

2011年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析一、听力．（共10小题，满分30分）1．（1.5分）What does the man like about the play？A．The story．B．The ending．C．The actor．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略2．（1.5分）Which place are the speakers trying to find？A．A hotel．B．A bank．C．A restaurant．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略3．（1.5分）At what time will the two speakers meet？A． 5：20．B． 5：10．C． 4：40．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略4．（1.5分）What will the man do？A．Change the plan．B．Wait for a phone call．C．Sort things out．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略5．（1.5分）What does the woman want to do？A．See a film with the man．B．Offer the man some help．C．Listen to some great music．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略6．（3分）听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题．6．Where is Ben？A．In the kitchen．B．At school．C．In the park．7．What will the children do in the afternoon？A．Help set the table．B．Have a party．C．Do their homework．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】CB【点评】略7．（3分）听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题．8．What are the two speakers talking about？A．A Family holiday．B．A business trip．C．A travel plan．9．Where did Rachel go？A．Spain．B．Italy．C．China．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】AC【点评】略8．（4.5分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．How did the woman get to know about third﹣hand smoke？A．From young smokers． B．Prom a newspaper article． C．From Some smoking parents．11．Why does the man say that he should keep away from babies？A．He has just become a father． B．He wears dirty clothes． C．He is a smoker．12．What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do？A．Stop smoking altogether．B．Smoke only outside their houses．C．Reduce dangerous matter in cigarettes．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BCA【点评】略9．（6分）（1）Where does Michelle Ray come from？A． A middle﹣sized city．B． A small town．C． A big city．（2）Which place would Michelle Ray take her visitors to for shopping？A． The Zen Garden．B． The Highlands．C． The Red River area．（3）What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet？A． Go camping．B． Study in a library．C． Read at home．（4）What are the speakers talking about in general？A． Late﹣night shopping．B． Asian food．C． Louisville．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】ABCC【点评】略10．（6分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．Why do some people say they never have dreams accdording to Dr Garfield？A．They forget about their dreams．B．They don't want to tell the truth．C．They have to bad experiences．18．Why did Davis stop having dreams？A．He got a serious heart attack．B．He was too sad about his brother's death．C．He was frightened by a terrible dream．19．What is Dr Garfield's opinion about dreaming？A．It is very useful．B．It makes things worse．C．It prevents the mind from working．20．Why do some people turn off their dreams completely？A．To sleep better．B．To recover from illnesses．C．To say away from their problems．【考点】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略二、选择题（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）11．（1分）﹣I hear you ____ in a pub．what's it like？﹣Well，it's very hand work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind．（）A．are working B．will workC．were working D．will be working【考点】E4：现在进行时．【分析】句意为：﹣﹣我听说你现在在酒吧工作．那儿工作怎么样？﹣﹣这是一份困难的工作，而且我经常很累，但是我不介意．【解答】答案：A 这道题考查时态．从回答句的时态可看出此人现在仍在工作中，所以问句也应用现在进行时表示动作正在进行中，也可表示近段时间的状态，所以选A．对话中，第二句说"这是一份困难的工作，而且我经常很累，但是我不介意"，整个语境都用的一般现在时，说明这是描述的目前的情况，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作．【点评】时态题最重要的是要找：时间状语，如果题目没有给出时间状语，那么我们就要根据语义来合理地推测语境中的时态．12．（1分）The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _______that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the riks of smoking．（）A．suggest B．suggests C．suggested D．suggesting【考点】GH：主谓一致．【分析】句意：还是有很多人在公共场合吸烟这个事实表明我们需要一个全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识．【解答】答案：B．题干中that so many people still smoke in public places为the fact的同位语，主语为the fact，所以谓语用单数形式；that we may need a national wide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking是宾语从句，而原句中缺少谓语动词，可排除D选项；根据句意"还是有很多人在公共场合吸烟这个事实说明我们需要一个全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识"，这是现在的情况，用一般现在时即可．所以正确答案为B．【点评】本题考查时态及主谓一致．首先分析句子结构，找出主语，根据主语及主谓一致的规则来决定谓语动词的单复数形式；然后再根据上下文语境及句意来决定时态．13．（1分）Tommy is planning to buy a car．I know．By next month，he__enough for a used one（）A．saves B．savedC．will save D．will have saved【考点】EB：将来完成时．【分析】句意：﹣Tommy计划买个车．﹣﹣我知道，到下个月他将攒足够买一辆二手车的钱．【解答】答案D．根据时间状语是by+将来的时间，有两种情况：将来完成时/一般将来时，根据句意，到下个月为止他将会攒足够的钱买辆二手车．表示动作的将来完成，故选D．【点评】本题考查将来完成时，要结合时间状语和具体的语境选择出正确选择．14．（1分）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，__________ the audience can buy ice﹣cream．（）A．when B．where C．that D．which【考点】H2：非限制性定语从句．【分析】句意为：在音乐会中间有间歇，在此期间观众可以去买冰激凌．【解答】答案：A 首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说"在音乐会中间有间歇，在此期间观众可以去买冰激凌．"题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明．由于从句部分不缺少主语，宾语或者表语，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A．【点评】在考查定语从句时，要考虑到先行词是什么，从句中缺少什么成分，然后根据这两个要素选择适当的关系词．15．（1分）In that school，English is compulsory for all students，but French and Russian are _________．（）A．special B．regional C．optional D．original【考点】64：形容词词意辨析．【分析】英语对于那所学校的所有学生来说是必修的，而法语和俄语是选修的．【解答】答案：C．special"特别的；专门的"；regional"地区的；局部的"；optional"可选择的；非强制的"；original"最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的"．根据题干中转折连词but可知，后一句的意思应与前一句中的compulsory"必修的；被强制的；义务的"之意相反，即"英语是的必修的"而"法语和俄语是选修的"．故选C．【点评】此题考查形容词辨析．解此题时，一要理解句子的意思；二要辨清各选项的意思；再而根据语境选出恰当的选项．有时抓住题干中的并列连词and或转折连词but，将有助于对语境的把握，更好地理解句意．16．（1分）It was never clear _______ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner．（）A．that B．how C．when D．why【考点】GF：it 的用法．【分析】句意；为什么这个人没有早点汇报这个事故，这一点还不清楚．【解答】答案：D．这里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是"_____ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner．"根据it was never clear可知这里是否定，所以不能使用that；后面有report the accident，所以也不能用how；sooner说明when也不能．这句要表达的是"为什么这个人没有早点汇报这个事故，这一点还不清楚．"，所以正确答案为D．【点评】本题考查名词性从句．要认真分析句子，找出主从句，并分析句子成分，理解句意．不要受"it's clear that"这个固定句型的影响，要把握好关键词"never"，结合句意．17．（1分）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___．（）A．consequence B．independenceC．competence D．intelligence【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．【分析】教师们必须不断更新知识来保持他们的专业竞争力．【解答】答案C．这道题考察词义辨析．consequence是"结果，后果"；independence是"独立，自主"；competence是"能力，竞争力"；intelligence是"智力，理解力"．根据句意，正确答案为C．【点评】做这类题目，首先要理解四个选项的词义，然后根据句意选择正确的选项．18．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Are you still mad at her？﹣﹣﹣Not really，but I can't ______ that her remarks hurt me．（）A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline【考点】A8：实义动词．【分析】句意：﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣你仍然对她很气愤吗？﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣不完全是，但是我不能否认她的话确实伤害到了我．【解答】答案A．B选项"拒绝"；C选项"拒绝，谢绝，驳回"；D选项"辞谢，谢绝"；A选项"否认"；"not deny"意为"无法否认"根据上下文语境和句意"我不能否认"可知A项符合，故选：A．【点评】本题考查动词辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，理解每个选项动词的意思，然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的动词．平时要加强动词词汇量的积累．19．（1分）﹣Linda didn't invite us to the party．﹣______？I don't care．（）A．For what B．So what C．What's on D．What's up【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】句意：﹣﹣﹣Linda没有邀请我们去聚会．﹣﹣﹣﹣那又怎么样呢，我才不在乎．【解答】答案B．A项"因为什么"；C项"发生了什么"；D项"在忙什么"由句意可知，第一个人抱怨"Linda没有邀请我们去聚会"，第二个人说"我不在乎"，根据这个语境，应该是"那又怎么样呢，我不在乎!"所以B项符合语境，故选B．【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆．20．（1分）﹣You look upset．What's the matter？﹣I had my proposal _______ again．（）A．turned over B．turned onC．turned off D．turned down【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】﹣﹣你看起来很难过．怎么了？﹣﹣我的提议又被驳回了．【解答】答案：D．turned over"翻身，翻转"；turned on"开"；turned off"关"；turned down"调低；拒绝"．根据题干中look upset"看起来不高兴，难过"，其原因应该是"提议被拒绝、被驳回"，可构成因果关系，且句意完整．故选：D．【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析．解题时，一要理解题干的意思；二要辨清各选项短语意思；再而根据题意，选出恰当的选项．21．（1分）Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debateamong citizens．（）A．compared B．comparingC．compares D．being compared【考点】B6：动名词．【分析】句意：最近，在两个不同的超市比较同样商品价格的一项调查引起了城市人们激烈的讨论．【解答】答案B．解析：这道题考察非谓语动词．首先分析句子结构，这句话的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate，意思是"一项调查引起了城市人们激烈的讨论"．由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，"prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets"该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语．排除C选项，这里survey与compare之间是主动关系，故选：B．【点评】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，要分析句子的成分．22．（1分）We'd better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan．（）A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time【考点】8B：介词短语．【分析】我们最好在制定计划前详细地讨论一切事情．【解答】答案：A．in detail"详细地，详尽地"；in general"大体上，总体上"；on purpose"故意地"；on time"准时"．根据题干中before we work out the plan"在制定计划前"可知，对于everything"一切事情"的discuss"讨论"had better"最好"是in detail"详细的"，这样才有助于计划的制定．故选A．【点评】此题考查介词短语辨析．解题时，一要理解题干的意思；二要辨清各选项的意思；再而结合语境，选出恰当的选项．23．（1分）It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine．，we'd better take it to the garage immediately．（）A．Otherwise B．If notC．But for that D．If so【考点】91：并列连词．【分析】句意：听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了，我们最好立刻去修理厂．【解答】答案D A项"否则"；B项"如果不这样"；C项"要不是那样"；D项"如果是这样"．题干前半句说"听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了"，后面句说"我们最好立刻去修理厂"，通过判断可知，这两个句子之间是顺承关系，所以应该是"如果真的这样的话（发动机坏了）"．所以正确答案为D．故选：D．【点评】考察连词．主要要弄清连接词的意思，然后再根据句意做出选择．24．（1分）﹣﹣﹣I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official．﹣﹣﹣How unbelievable to get it back!I mean，someone ______ it．（）A．will have stolen B．might have stolenC．should have stolen D．must have stolen【考点】A6：情态动词．【分析】句意：﹣﹣我把手提包忘在火车上了，但幸运的是有人把它交给了铁路部门．﹣﹣能失而复得真是令人难以置信！我的意思是可能有人会偷走手提包．【解答】答案：B．A．will have stolen是将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间之前已经完成或一直持续的动作；B．might have done表示对过去可能性的推测（有人偷走了手提包仅是一种可能性）C．should have stolen表示本应做某事而实际没有做；D．must have stolen表示过去一定做了某事．这里应该选用might have stolen表示说话者觉得手提包落在火车上，很有可能是会被别人偷走的．所以正确答案为B．【点评】本题考查情态动词．要理解句意，掌握好各个情态动词的用法（尤其是情态动词+have done的含义），再根据语境，得出答案．25．（1分）﹣﹣﹣You could always put the decision off a little bit longer．﹣﹣﹣_____ If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance．（）A．That's reasonable advice．B．Isn't it a good idea．C．Do you think so？D．I can't agree more．【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】句意：﹣﹣﹣你可以推迟一点作决定．﹣﹣﹣﹣你这样认为吗？如果我留的时间长一点，我就会失去机会．【解答】答案C．A项"那是合理的建议"；B项"难道它不是一个好主意吗？"；D项"我完全同意"；C项"你这样认为吗？"分析语境可知，第一个人说"你可以推迟决定"，第二个人说"如果再拖下去，我会失去机会．很明显，这两个人意见相反，所以第二个人不会肯定第一个人的意见，排除A、B和C选项．可以用Do you think so？先进行反问，然后给出自己的观点．所以正确答案为C．【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆．三、完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）26．（20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large，tempting （诱人的）apple on one of the branches of anapple tree hanging out over a tall fence．The boy wasn't much of a fruit﹣eater，（36）A a bar of chocolate if given the choice，（37）C，as they say，the forbidden fruit can be tempting．Seeing the apple，the boy wanted it．The more he looked at it，the （38）C he felt and the more he wanted that apple（39）B as high as he could，but even as his tallest （40）D he was unable to touch it．He began to（41）A up and down，as high as he could，at the（42）C of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple．Still it remained out of（43）D．Not giving up，he though，if only he had something to（44）B on．His school bag wouldn't give enough height and he didn't want to A（45）A the things inside，like his lunch box，pencil case，and Gameboy．Looking （46）D，he hoped he might find an old box，a rock，or，（47）B luck，even a ladder，but it was a tidy neighborhood and there was nothing he could use．He had tired everything he could think to do．（48）B seeing any other choices，he gave up and started to walk （49）B．At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his（50）C，and how he really wanted that apple．The more he（51）A like this，the more unhappy he became．（52）B，the boy of our story was a preetty smart guy，even if he cloudn't always get what get he wanted．He started to say to himself．，This isn't （53）D，I don't have the apple and I'm feeling miserable as well．There's（54）D more Ican do to get the apple_that is unchangeable﹣but we are supposed to be able to （55）A our feelings．If that's the case，what can I do to feel better？36．A．preferring B．offering C．receiving D．allowing37．A．so B．then C．but D．or38．A．sadder B．angrier C．hungrier D．tastier39．A．expanding B．stretching C．swinging D．pulling40．A．strength B．length C．range D．heigh41．A．jump B．look C．walk D．glance42．A．tip B．stage C．top D．level43．A hope B．hand C．sight D．reach44．A．put B．stand C．get D．hold45．A．break B．shake C．take D．strike46．A．up B．forword C．down D．around47．A．for B．with C．on D．of48．A．After B．Through C．Without D．Upon49．A．back B．away C．up D．down50．A．wishes B．beliefs C．efforts D．goals51．A．thought B．imagoned C．tried D．cliamed52．A．Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Otherwise53．A．skilful B．cheerful C．harmful D．helpful54．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing55．A．change B．express C．forget D．describe．【考点】L1：记叙文．【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章．文章描述了一个男孩试图想要把树上的苹果摘下来，结果费尽周折而徒劳无功．可是他是一个能自我反思的聪明孩子，内心接受得不到苹果这一事实的同时，反思如何让自己情绪不受影响．【解答】答案：36﹣40 ACCBD 41﹣45 ACDBA 46﹣50 DBBBC 51﹣55 ABDDA36．A 考查动词辨析．主语the boy与offer、allow之间为被动关系，所以排除B、D 两项．两者（fruit、chocolate）之间的比较应选preferring．句意为：如果可以选择，小男孩更喜欢巧克力棒，而不喜欢吃水果．37．C 考查连词辨析．连词but表示前后句之间的转折关系．38．C 考查形容词辨析．根据下文的"…how hungry he had become…"可知，本句表示"越看苹果，他感觉越饿（hungrier），越想得到它"．39．B 考查动词辨析．根据下文"…of each jump stretching his arms…"可知，选 B．expand意为"扩大，增大"；swing意为"摆动，摇摆"；pull意为"拖，牵"；都不符合题意．stretch意为"（身体）伸长"，符合题意．40．D 考查名词辨析．height意为"高度"，与前句中的"as high as he could"相对应．根据下文"His school bag wouldn't give enough height…"可知，选D．41．A 考查动词辨析．根据下文"…of each jump stretching his arms…"可知，选A．42．C 考查名词辨析．tip意为"建议，小费"；stage意为"舞台，阶段"；level意为"水平"，都不符题意．at the top of意为"在…顶部"，符合语境．句意为：在每次弹跳的最髙点他都伸长身体去抓苹果．43．D 考查名词辨析．out of reach意为"够不着"，符合文意．44．B 考查动词辨析．put on意为"穿上（衣服），增加，播放"；get on意为"上车"； hold on意为"（电话）不挂断，抓住不放"，都不符合题意．stand在本句中可理解为"to stand on something"．句意为：要是有东西可以站在上面就好了．45．A 考查动词辨析．shake意为"晃动"；take意为"带走，忍受"；strike意为"打击，打动，擦（火柴）"．break意为"打破"，符合题意．46．D 考查副词辨析．look up意为"查找，向上看"；look forward （to）意为"向前看，期盼"；look down（up on）意为"向下看，鄙视"，都不符合题意．look around意为"环顾四周"，符合题意．47．B 考查介词辨析．with luck意为"运气好，幸运"，符合题意．48．B 考查介词辨析．根据下文"he gave up"可推知，"没有（without）其他选择"．49．B 考查副词辨析．副词back、up、down分别表示"后、上、下"的方向，与题意不符．walk away表示"走开"，符合语境．50．C 考查名词辨析．根据上文内容可知，小男孩通过努力（efforts）得到了苹果．51．A 考查动词辨析．imagine意为"想象"；try意为"努力，尝试"；claim意为"声称，夺走（生命），认领"，都不符合题意．think（想）在本句表示"他越这样想，越不快乐"．52．B 考查副词辨析．therefore意为"因此（表因果）"；moreover意为"而且（表递进）"；otherwise意为"负责（表条件）"，都不符合题意．however意为"然而（表转折）"，符合题意．53．D 考查形容词辨析．skillful意为"有技巧的"；cheerful意为"高兴的"；harmful意为"有害的"，都不符合题意．helpful意为"有帮助的"，本句表示"这是无能为力的，不可改变的"，与下文unchangable对应．54．D 考查代词辨析．根据上文可知，小男孩没有得到苹果，只好放弃．故选择表否定的代词nothing．55．A 考查动词辨析．连词but表转折关系，所以选择动词change，与形容词 unchangable形成对比．【点评】做完形填空时，要了解完形填空题的设空原则，用正确的思维解题，不抠字词用法，不断章取义．先浏览全文，概括大意，然后再根据对上下文文意的理解和行文逻辑的把握来答题．四、阅读理解（共4小题;每小题8分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionGorillas and chimpanzees possess a rudimentary speech center within their brains that until now was thought to be unique to humans, scientists have found. Brain scans of the apes—man’s closest living relatives—have revealed a small, lopsided(不平衡的) structure buried in the front part of the head which in human is critical for language. The structure, Brodmann’s area 44, is part of the language center known as Broca’s area, and the scans reveal that it is larger and more developed in the left, half of the ape’s brain than in the right hemisphere—just as it is in humans. Claudio Canialupo and William Hopkins, who conducted the study at the Yerkes Primate Research Center at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, were surprised thai such a critical feature within the ape’s brain had gone unnoticed. Unlike humans, apes do not have language, and communicate by grunts and hand movements. The scientists believe their brains show that the evolution of language is rooted in a common ape-—human ancestor who lived more than five million years ago. Mr. Cantalupo and Mr. Hopkins say in the journal Nature-. “The part-possession by great apes of a homologue(同族体)of Broca’s area is puzzling, particularly considering the discrepancy between sophisticated human speech and the primitive vocalizations of great apes. Chimpanzees and gorillas nevertheless share one thing in common with human communication—they tend to use their right hands when grunting, which are controlled by the left-side of the brain. “Our findings suggest that the neuro-anatomical substrates(培养基) for left-hemisphere dominance in speech production were evident at least five million years ago and are not unique to hominid (原始人类) evolution,” the scientists say. “Whatever the function of area 44 in great apes, our finding that these species show a human-like asymmetry. . . indicates that the origin of asymmetry in language-related areas of the human brain should be interpreted in evolutionary terms rather than being confined to the human species. “(317 words)1．What does “rudimentary” mean in the first sentence?A．Undeveloped.B．Primitive.C．Radical.D．Aggressive.正确答案：A解析：rudimentary是“未发展的”之意。

考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷11(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionTen thousand years ago, man entered the New Stone Age and the earth became warmer. This allowed man to leave the mountain areas for the plains. To adapt to the new environment, humans chose to settle areas near water. They began to build their own houses and invented pottery. Also in this period, primitive agriculture appeared, making it possible for people to live in permanent settlements. The spreading of such techniques as grinding and hole-drilling enabled humans to make more regular and fixed stone tools so as to meet different needs. Research by Chinese archaeologists has found that remains of the New Stone Age mostly lie along the coastal areas of Eastern China. As far as food structure is concerned, the people in the south grew rice while the northern people grew corn. The fact that the Chinese people began to grow paddy 9 000 years ago indicates that rice was first grown in China, not in India. Our ancestors 8 000 years ago were able to make objects from jade, use the skills of spinning and weaving, blow melodies in seven musical scales, and carve signs in stone and wood. The canoe and oar, unearthed from 7 000-year old remains, show that there were water transportation tools at that time. Also during this time, people began to domesticate cattle. The Yangshao people (named after Yangshao, Henan Province, where remains were first found in 1921), who lived 6 000 years ago, created a splendid painted pottery culture and began to build small fortresses using rammed earth skills. Five thousand years ago, people began to raise silkworms and knit goods with mulberry silk. Also they learned smelting copper to make small tools like bronze knives. Four thousand years ago people began to use written characters. In the Yangtze and the Yellow River valleys, a group of old cities appeared. Legends recorded in ancient documents, like those of the Shennong Family growing crops, the wife of the Yellow Emperor inventing silk, ministers of the Yellow Emperor inventing characters, the boat and the cart, and the Yellow Emperor fighting against the southern tribes, show that they are not just myths because they contain some traces of history. These discoveries reveal the long history of China. (368 words)1．Which period in Chinese history does this passage discuss?A．Prehistory.B．The Xia Dynasty.C．The Shang Dynasty.D．The Three Kingdoms.正确答案：A解析：有确切史料记载之前的历史，我们称之为“史前”。

苏州大学考博英语题型分析－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－2015苏州大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、苏州大学考博英语题型Part1:听力,20题20分(10个短对话,2-3篇短文)Part2:词汇,20题10分Part3:阅读理解,四篇20题30分Part4:翻译,英译汉10分,汉译英10分Part5:作文,20分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWould you like to know if your body is older or younger than it should be? Dr David Wikenheiser has been studying ageing in Vancouver, Canada, for the past 10 years and has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically. He says: “We all know people who are 30 but look over 40, and others who are 70 yet look 50. The difference comes down to lifestyle. Some people’s bodies get rusty faster than others, and this makes them age more quickly. “Virtually every ageing process is related to the oxidative compounds or free radicals produced by our body as a reaction to pollution, ultraviolet light, stress, smoking, alcohol and pesticides. But these can be neutralised by antioxidants. After conducting more than 3 000 tests, Dr. Wikenheiser believes that, on average, you can lower your biological age by 10 years in three months with the right lifestyle changes. “You can’t alter your genetics but you can make other changes, such as eating the right food, drinking enough water to flush out toxins, exercising and managing stress,”he says. But exercising too much is just as bad as not doing enough. Walking out for more than two hours at a time every day puts too great a strain on your heart. “Multivitamin and antioxidant supplements are important even if you’re eating the right amount of fruit and vegetables. Today’s soil tends to lack essential minerals so these are no longer found in the food we eat, in large enough quantities. We should also swap (交换)bleached white table salt for natural sea salt which is much better for us. “It’s also important to eat three meals a day. Missed meals put a strain on your brain as your blood sugar level drops. Many of us are also eating the wrong fats or avoiding fat altogether, so we miss out on important nutritional oils. “You should also ask your dentist what kind of fillings you have. Amalgam fillings in your teeth are not stable and will contribute to toxic metal levels in your body.” says Dr. Wikenheiser. (351 words)1．From the first paragraph, we can see______.A．Wikenheiser is an American scientistB．Wikenheiser is a doctorC．a lot of us look older than our actual ageD．we don’t know we are 15 years older than others正确答案：C解析：第一段里有…has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically。

2011年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案解析目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷 (2)2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析 (17) 2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (25)医学考博英语历年真题2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. A.The man is busy B.The man has trouble breathingC.The man is out of town on businessD.The man is hiding himself from thewoman2. A.He has a terrible backache B.He has a bad headacheC.He has a toothacheD.He has a diarrhea3. A.It is fast B.It is slowC.It works wellD.It is not working4. A.Four days B.Ten days C.One week D.Two weeks5. A.He is a lawyer B.He is a doctorC.He is a travel agentD.He is an immigration officer6. A.Sunday B.Tuesday C.Thursday D.Saturday7. A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five8. A.To X-ray his chest B.To hospitalize himC.To perform a minor surgeryD.To transfer him to a specialist9. A.To go shopping B.To go back to workC.To change their topicD.To entertain their guests10. A.The man is working too hard B.The man needs to think it overC.The man is supposed to find a jobD.The man has made a right decision11. A.Discussing a case B.Defying a diagnosisC.Performing a surgeryD.Talking with the patient12. A.The woman’s classmate B.The woman’s boyfriendC.The woman’s brotherD.The woman’s teacher13. A.The man is a liar B.The man is jealous of LisaC.She does not agree with the man on thatD.She will surely do the same as Lisa does14. A.250Yuan B.450Yuan C.650Yuan D.850Yuan15. A.She disagrees with the man there B.She is going to change her mindC.It is out of the question to do thatD.It is possible to forgive himSection BDirections:In this section you will hear one dialogue and two passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.16. A.Liver failure B.Breast cancerC.Kidney failureD.Diabetes out of control17. A.Shape B.Color C.Price D.Size18. A.It is much smaller than a microwave B.It leaves much room for reductionC.It is adjustableD.It is perfect19. A.It is under a clinical trial B.It is available in the marketC.It is widely used in the clinicD.It is in the experimental stage20. A.The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machineB.The further development of the machine is in financial troubleC.The federal government finances the researchD.The machine will come into being in no timePassage One21. A.Suicide B.Obesity C.Turmoil D.Drug abuse22. A.Preventable B.Destructive C.Treatable D.Curable23. /doc/d9*******.html,bining antidepressants and talk therapyB.Promoting the transmission between neuronsC.Winning parental assistance and supportD.Administering effective antidepressants24. A.Because it adds to the effect of treatmentB.Because it works better than the medicationsC.Because it can take the place of antidepressantsD.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants25. A.65percent B.75percent C.85percent D.95percent Passage Two26. A.Helplessness and worthlessness B.Feeling like a loserC.Suicidal feelingD.All of the above27. A.It encourages the patient to be a top student at schoolB.It motivates the patient to work better than othersC.It makes it easy for the patient to make friendsD.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude28. A.By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at schoolB.By urging the patient to face any challenge in realityC.By making the patient aware of his or her existenceD.By changing the patient’s perspective29. A.Those who stop taking antidepressants B.Those who ask for more medicationsC.Those who are on the medicationsD.Those who abuse the medications30. A.Anxiousness B.Nausea C.Fever D.Insomnia Part II Vocabulary(10%)Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Beneath each of them are given four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then,mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the of their behavioras medical professionals.A.transactionB.transformationC.transmissionD.transparency32.He seemed most to my idea which was exceptionallycreative.A.alienB.ambulantC.amiableD.amenable33.The first attempts at gene therapy have mostly,but technique will surely bemade to work eventually.A.stumbledB.stammeredC.striddenD.strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and_______forfatty foods.A.preferenceB.persistenceC.intoleranceD.appetence35.By sheer,I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A.coincidenceB.coherenceC.collaborationD.collocation36.As the drugs began to,the pain began to take hold again.A.wear offB.put offC.all offD.show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the_______medical technologies.A.approachingB.impracticableC.sophisticatedD.transient38.At last,she some reasons for his strange behavior.A.abolishedB.admonishedC.abstainedD.adduced39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from to the grave.A.conceptionB.receptionC.deceptionD.perception40.In more examinations,the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machinefor abnormities.A.conciseB.deviousC.elaborateD.feasibleSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part.Mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A.embarrassinglyB.reluctantlyC.clumsilyD.dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history,medicine was anything but scientific.A.more or lessB.by and largeC.more often than notD.by no meansA.illuminatedB.fascinatedC.alienatedD.hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data,a productor a financial reward.A.intelligibleB.infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult–orunhealthy–to sustain over time.A.maintainB.reserveC.conceiveD.empower46.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinicalmedicine.A.specialtiesB.principlesC.rationalesD.doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A.juvenileB.potentC.physicalD.matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed,for it seems quite feasible.A.rationalB.reciprocalC.versatileD.viable49.These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefits of specialty careand experience.A.irresistiblyB.vitallyC.potentiallyD.intriguingly50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.A.tendsB.techniquesC.notionsD.breakthroughsPart III Cloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Whenever people go and live in another country,they have new experiences and new feelings.They experience culture shock.Many people have a(n)51about culture shock:they think that it’s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country.But this isn’t really true.Culture shock is a completely natural52,and everybody goes53it in a new culture.There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock.When people first arrive in a new country,they’re usually excited and54.Everything is interesting.They notice that a lot of things are55their own culture,and this surprises them and makes them happy.This is Stage One.In Stage Two,people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things.They feel56. They spend a lot of time57or with other people from their own country.They think,“My problems are all because I’m living in this country.”comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four,they feel very comfortable.They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs.Some customs are similar to their culture,and some aredifferent,but that’s OK.They can60it.51. A.account B.reflection C.verification D.misconception52. A.transition B.exchange C.immigration D.selection53. A.for B.through C.after D.about54. A.frightened B.confused C.uneasy D.happy55. A.representative of B.different from C.peculiar to D.similar to56. A.intoxicated B.depressed C.amazed D.thrilled57. A.lonely B.alone C.lone D.only58. A.make friends withB.make transactions withC.hold hostility toD.shut the door to59. A.hardly B.more C.very D.less60. A.live with B.do without C.hold up with D.make a successofPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don’t wake up,concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the courseof operations.Gitta Lubke,Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis,a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery.Before this study, researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation,says Lubke.Lubke studied96trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery,many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia.During surgery,each patient wore headphones through which a series of16words was repeated for3minutes each.At the same time,After the operation,Lubke tested the patients by showing them the fi rst three letters of a word,such as“lim”,and asking them to complete it.Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery–“limit”,for example–chose that word an average of 11percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list.None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized.But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding,which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology,could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet.What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards,says Philip Merikle,a psychologist at the University of Waterloo,Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesia.A.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons’wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study,the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists.A.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientists.A.prepared two lists of words/doc/d9*******.html,ed ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients.A.to regain consciousness under the knifeB.to tell one word from another after surgeryC.to recall what had been heard during surgeryD.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations65.What we can infer from the finding.A.how surgical malpractice can be preventedB.why a surgeon cannot be too carefulC.why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgeryD.how the postoperative patients can retain subconsciousmemoriesPassage Twothat new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats,birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus,a structure involved in learning and memory.But they rarely survive more than a few weeks.“We thought t hey were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input,”says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton.Because of the location,Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’survival,and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this,they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be /doc/d9*******.html,ter,they gave some of the rats standard tasks.One involved using visual and spatial cues,such as posters on a wall,to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water.In another,the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later.Both these tasks use the hippocampus–if this structure is damaged,rats can’t do them Meanwhile,the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus:finding a platform that was easily visible in water,for instance.Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others.“Learning opportunitiesincrease the number of neurons,”says Gould.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California,dispute this.In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience,they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times.Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled,when the new cells would normally be dying.She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early f or new neurons to benefit.“By the time the cells were degenerating,the animals were not learning anything,”she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out that.A.new neurons could grow in adult brainsB.neurons could be man-made in the laboratoryC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer’s diseaseD.humans could produce new neurons as animals67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neurons.A.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected could68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?A.The water usedB.The noises playedC.The neurons newly bornD.The hippocampus involved69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was dueto.A.the timing of labeling new neuronsB.the frequency of stimulationC.the wrongly labeled neuronsD.the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?/doc/d9*******.html,e It or Lose ItB.Learn to SurviveC.To Be or Not to BeD.Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHere’s yet another reason to lose weight.Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers.In the US,car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children.But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle,Washington,looked at more than26,000people who had been involved in car crashes,and found that heavier people were at far more risk.People weighing between100and119kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than60kilograms.And importantly,the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index (BMI)–a measure that takes height as well as weight into account.Someone1.8meters tall weighing126kilograms would have a BMI of39,but so would a person1.5meters tall weighing88kilograms.People are said tobe obese if their BMI is30or over.The study found that people with a BMI of35to39are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about20.It’s not just total weight,but obesity itself that’s dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case,the evidence is worth pursuing,says Charles Mock,a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle,who led the research team.He thinks one answer may be for safety authorities to use heavier crash-test dummies when certifying cars as safe to drive.Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about78 kilograms.Recently,smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars.But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used,the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes,could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure,the American car manufacturers____________.A.found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesityB.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengersC.based their job on the information of car accidentsD.actually neglected smaller women and children72.When they categorized the obese people,the researchers.A.showed a preference for BMI in measurementsB.achieved almost the same results as previouslyC.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMID.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes73.To address the problem,Mock.A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummiesB.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummiesC.reduced the weights of crash-test dummiesD.encouraged obese people to lose weight74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates,Mock would mostprobably say that.A.cars can be made safer to avoid crashesB.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunkC.it is not just total weight,but obesity itself that is dangerousD.the main reason behind the prob lem is drinkers’heavy weight75.Which of the following questions is closely related to the passage?A.Are air bags really necessary to be built in cars?B.Are cars certified as safe to drive?C.Are crash-test dummies too thin?D.Are car accidents preventable?Passage FourIt seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you.In fact,many studies support this idea–but health-care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.The first question is whose patients are sicker?Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease,but generalist–family physicians and general practitioners–are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment?Specialists are moreof Yale University.On the other hand,a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health,says Martin T.Donohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland.To further complicate comparisons,many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases,but medical records do not always show that,says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville,Md.That said,stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists.Among about38,000stroke sufferers nationwide,16.1percent of those treated by a neurologist died within3months,compared with25.3percent of those treated by family physicians.Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists,says Ira S.Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York,but it’s hard to figure out exactly why.“Physician specialty,in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field,is also a proxy for clinical experience,”he says.“It’s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts:one,that practice makes perfect;two,the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in;and three,the issue of formal training.”Differences between specialist care and generalistcare,however,pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice,contend both Donohoe and Clancy.A report by the U.S.General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers–which reduce heart rate and blood pressure–than those who received care from a generalist.Even so,these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them,implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care,”says Donohoe.Perhaps,he adds,“we should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.76.Which of the following questions can most probably come out of the two questions raisedin the passage?A.Is specialist care superior?B.What is specialist care all about?C.Why is one unwilling to be a generalist?D.Is generalist care the future of medicine?B.a specialist can be a generalist,or vice versaC.neither of the two groups is better than the otherD.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians78.According to the passage,the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part ofspecialists.A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialtyB.is hard to be justified on the nationwide scaleC.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist careD.has much to do with the amount of formal education79.Both specialists and generalists,Donohoe and Clancy contend,could do a better jobof.A.taking advantage of the otherB.avoiding as much malpractice as possibleC.putting the latest knowledge into practice/doc/d9*******.html,cating the public to their consciousness of health80.Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to.A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialistsB.the real nature of specialist and generalist care,respectivelyC.the similarities between generalist and specialist careD.the declining health of AmericansPassage FiveChildren are spending an increasing amount of time using /doc/d9*******.html,puters are now found in most classrooms,and in the majority of homes,almost always with internet access. However,many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects.This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.Computer use may negatively affect the social relationshipbetween children and their parents.Because children spend so much time on computers,they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents.According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues (2001)this often leads to a role reversal,where the child becomes a teacher to the parent.In other words,it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology.This can lead to a reduction in parental authority.Moreover,with the anonymity of online communication,computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult,so all users are treated equally (Subrahmanyam et al,2001).Children may then expect the same equality in real life,further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).interacting with their peers(Shields&Behrman,2001).As a result,children may not develop the social skills they need,or be able to maintain friendships in the real world(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).With the very extended computer use,this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields&Behrman,2001).A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence.Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children,so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games(Subrahmanyam et al,2001).However,as Shields Behrman(2001)points out,it is important to note that although the games may affect all children,children who prefer violent games could be most affected.In conclusion,using a computer,particularly for extended periods,may affect the parent-children relationship in families.It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships.Moreover,it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children.Although the research is not conclusive,it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.81.From the very beginning,the author is trying to draw out attention to.A.crimes on rise at schoolB.a decline in family valueC.the negative effects of children’s overuse of computerD.the increasing number of investigations on education82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passage?A.Children become teachers to their parentsB.Parents are fossilized in new technologyC.Children expect for an equal status with their parentsD.Parents’roles are being shrunk by the computer83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passage?A.Children greatly value the friendship with their peersB.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computerC.Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent gamesD.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer。

英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。