第八课时名词性从句李仕才[感悟高考]1.Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京卷)A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever答案 B [whatever任何事；whoever任何人；whomever任何人；whichever无论哪个。
句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。
空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。
]2.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京卷)A.whyB.whereC.howD.when答案 B [句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，故选B。
]3.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏卷)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how答案 C [“half of ________ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。
句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。
]4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted thatI hadn’t.(2017·天津卷)A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what答案 C [句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。
我还没有还。
根据句意，故选C。
]5.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京卷)A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever答案 C [句意：你的支持对我们很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。
从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever。
][要点精析]名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句1.引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them. 从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。
What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。
2.主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。
常见的句型：·It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句·It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that从句·It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句·It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)＋that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。
It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。
二、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。
We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在。
(2015·北京卷·单选)2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。
3.当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。
I don’t believe she will attend the meeting.我认为她不会来参加该会议。
4.that, what引导宾语从句的区别在宾语从句中，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。
当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导宾语从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语或宾语。
The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of whatothers actually understand.你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。
Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.伽利略发现，不管他进行多少次试验，结果都一样。
三、表语从句1.引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。
Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。
I’d like to start my own business —that’s what I’d do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
2.as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear 等动词之后。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。
好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3.because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause (该结构常用that引导)。
常用于以下句型：·This/That is/was why...这/那是……的原因。
·This/That is/was because...这/那是因为……·The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。
这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。
