化工管道设计技术词汇(完整版)解析

化工管道设计技术词汇化工管道设计技术词汇是指在化工管道工程中用到的各种术语、技术参数、具体数据等。

在化工管道工程设计中，各种技术参数的把握和设计方案的选择是非常重要的。

因此，掌握化工管道设计技术词汇对于化工管道工程师来说是十分必要的。

一、管道材质管道的材质是化工管道设计中非常重要的必要条件。

不同的化学物质的化学性质是不同的，所以材质的选择应根据所输送流体的性质和管道管路的环境条件来确定。

1、钢管：钢管在化工工业中是最常使用的管道材料之一，其主要优点是强度高、耐腐蚀性好。

如果是低压管道，可以使用普通碳钢或低合金钢制管，而在中高压、高温以及腐蚀性介质中，需要使用耐腐蚀钢；2、不锈钢管：不锈钢管是化工管道设计技术中另一种重要的管道材料，具有无需防护、表面美观、抗腐蚀性强等特点，非常适用于食品、化工、制药等行业管道的运输;3、塑料管：塑料管在化工工业的应用也很广泛，其主要优点是重量轻、耐化学腐蚀、易安装等，但对于高温、高压等条件的适用性相对较差。

二、管道类型管道类型是化工管道设计的主要分类依据，它包括了传统的金属管道、非金属管道和复合管道。

1、金属管道：金属管道可分为无缝管和焊接管，无缝钢管可以质量稳定，同样规格的无缝钢管因其厚薄不一所以压力也是有区别的。

而焊接管可达到DN2500，而无缝管的最大支持度只能达到DN1200。

2、不锈钢管道：不锈钢管道是一种新兴的管道材料，在化学工业生产中应用广泛。

这种管道材料具有耐腐蚀、易清洁、不受一切物理化学作用的特点。

根据不同的加工方式不锈钢管分为定尺板卷不锈钢管和同心管。

3、复合管道：复合管道就是将两种或多种不同管材材料进行复合并卷制成管壳，然后向管壳内部填充一定数量的填充物所制成的管道。

复合管道的应用越来越多，其组成材料种类不断扩大。

三、管道直径管道直径是指管子的内直径。

管道的直径大小直接影响管道输送流体的速度，管道的材质、工作压力和输送流量也都与管道直径有关。

化工管道工程使用技术词汇中英文对照化工管道工程是指针对化工领域的管道系统设计、施工、维护、管理和安全监控等的技术应用。

在化工管道工程中，有着大量的技术术语需要使用，下面将为大家介绍一些常见的化工管道工程技术词汇的中英文对照。

1. 阀门valve/gate valve2. 泵pump3. 压力pressure4. 流量flow rate5. 温度temperature6. 热传导thermal conductivity7. 尺寸dimensions8. 焊接welding9. 管道材料pipe material10. 耐蚀性corrosion resistance11. 管道尺寸diameter12. 压力等级pressure rating13. 压力容器pressure vessel14. 管件fittings15. 泄压valve relief valve16. 自动控制automatic control17. 管路输送pipeline transportation18. 管线管道pipeline19. 管路变化pipeline change20. 隔膜式阀门diaphragm valve21. 球阀ball valve22. 聚乙烯管道PVC pipe23. 聚氯乙烯管道PE pipe24. 钢管道steel pipe25. 抗震性seismic resistance26. 减震降噪shock absorption and noise reduction27. 绝缘insulation28. 推力补偿器thrust compensator29. 弹性支座elastic support30. 固定支座fixed support31. 密封seal32. 活塞泵piston pump33. 电导率conductivity34. 温度控制temperature control35. 动态平衡dynamic balance36. 冷却器cooler37. 管线附属设备pipeline ancillary equipment38. 流量计flow meter39. 泄漏检测器leak detector40. 自动取样器automatic sampler以上就是一些常见的化工管道工程技术词汇的中英文对照。

4. 石油化工企业配管工程
常用缩写词SH/T 3902-93
目次
总则
1、管子及管件
2、法兰
3、垫片
4、坚固件
5、阀门
6、管道上用的设备
7、隔热、伴热
8、配管材料和等级
9、装置布置
10、尺寸标准
11、图、表
12、操作方式及工作参数
13、施工
14、其他
总则
本标准适用于石油化工企业工艺装置（单元）配管工程设计，其它配管工程设计可参照使用。

本标准未包括的缩写，设计需要时，可采用其它通用的英文缩写，或参照本标准派生。

1 管子及管件
2 法兰
3 垫片
4 坚固件
5 阀门
6 管道上用的小型设备
7 隔热、伴热
8 配管材料和等级
9 装置布置
10 尺寸标注
11 图表
12 操作方式及工作参数
13 施工
14 其他。

化工管道设计技术词汇（完整版）化工管道设计技术词汇An Glossary of Chemical Industry Piping Design汉英、英汉对照Chinese-English & English-Chinese全国化工工艺配管设计技术中心站1 管道组成件1.1 管子.................................................................................................1.2 管件.................................................................................................1.3 弯管.................................................................................................1.4 法兰.................................................................................................1.5 垫片.................................................................................................1.6 阀门.................................................................................................1.6.1 阀门结构、零件.............................................................................1.6.2 常用阀.............................................................................................1.6.3 其它用途的阀.................................................................................1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀.........................................................1.7 管道特殊件...........................................................................................1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）.....................................................................1.7.2 管道特殊元件.................................................................................1.8 端部连接.............................................................................................2 管道用紧固件及螺纹.2.1 紧固件...............................................................................................2.2 螺纹.................................................................................................3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料.............................................................................................3.1.1 黑色金属.........................................................................................3.1.2 镀层及制造方法.............................................................................3.1.3 有色金属.........................................................................................3.1.4 材料性能.........................................................................................3.2 非金属材料...........................................................................................3.3 型材.................................................................................................3.4 填料及填料函.........................................................................................4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定.........................................................................................4.2 材料统计.............................................................................................5 设备布置及管道布置5.1 设备名称.............................................................................................5.1.1 容器...............................................................................................5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉.................................................................................5.1.3 转动机器.........................................................................................5.1.4 贮运、装卸及起重机械.................................................................5.2 辅助用房名称.........................................................................................5.2.1 生产用房.........................................................................................5.2.2 生活用房.........................................................................................5.3 图名.................................................................................................5.4 厂房、站、单元......................................................................................5.5 设备布置.............................................................................................5.6 管道布置.............................................................................................5.7 图面标注.............................................................................................5.8 相关专业的专业词汇..............................................................................5.8.1 工艺...............................................................................................5.8.2 建筑、结构.....................................................................................5.8.3 仪表...............................................................................................5.8.4 电气...............................................................................................5.8.5 设备...............................................................................................5.8.6 水道...............................................................................................6 管道支吊架6.1 管道零部件...........................................................................................6.2 管支架型式...........................................................................................6.3 标准及通用型支架..................................................................................6.4 管架安装.............................................................................................7 应力计算8 隔热、隔声9 防腐、涂漆及腐蚀种类.10 焊接10.1 焊接种类............................................................................................10.2 焊接形式............................................................................................10.3 焊接位置............................................................................................10.4 焊接缺陷............................................................................................10.5 其它................................................................................................11 热处理11.1 普通热处理............................................................................................11.2 表面热处理............................................................................................12 检验及试验12.1 检验................................................................................................12.2 试验................................................................................................13 设计阶段及管理14 询价、报价及采购14.1 询价、报价..........................................................................................14.2 采购................................................................................................15 单位...................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... .............. ...................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .......................................................... .................... .............. .................... .................... ......................... ............................. .............................................. ...................................................... ........................ ................ .................................. .................... .................... ............................... ..................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ................. ........................ .................. ........................ ........................ ........................ ................................................. ......................... ................... ..................................................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................................................... .................................................... ...................................................... ..............................。

（整理）化工通用词汇、PID图难点词汇.化工通用词汇、PID图难点词汇及尿素设备1、化工通用词汇（一）Turbinen.涡轮透平prilln.金属小球vt. 使变颗粒状evaporationn.蒸发(作用)scrapern.刮料机, 平土机, 铲土机convertern.转化炉separatorn.离析器, 脱脂器, 隔离物，分离器solutionn.溶解, 溶液解决方案circulationn.循环, 流通,exchangern.交换器[机, 剂], 换[放, 散]热器reboilern.再沸器重沸器再煮器[锅] 再蒸锅加热再生器carbamaten. [化]氨基甲酸盐甲铵condensev. (使)浓缩, 精简condensern.冷凝器, 电容器coolern.冷却器tankn. (盛液体, 气体的大容器)桶、箱、罐、槽, 储水池strainern.滤网, 松紧扣, 过滤器ammonn.氨氯化铵溶液stagen.发展的进程, 阶段或时期, 段，驿站stackn堆,. 一堆, 堆栈absorbern.吸收者, 吸收体, 减震器吸收塔decomposern. [生化]分解体(分解已败死的原生质之有机体)分解器boostern.调压器升压器pumpn.泵, 抽水机ejectorn.驱逐者, 放出器, 排出器喷射器steamn.蒸汽, 水汽controln.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制, 控制器, 调节装置] quantityn.量, 数量separatern.分离器techniquen.技术, 技巧, 方法, 表演法, 手法pressuren.压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫vesseln.船, 容器, 器皿, 脉管, 导管specialn.专业特派员, 专车, 专刊compressorn.压缩物, 压缩机,recirculationn.再通行, 再流通循环standardizationn.尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准, 方法, 测量chemicaln.化学制品, 化学药品conveying运输，输送industryn.工业, 产业, 行业weldern. 焊接工weldn. 焊接, 焊缝heatn.热, 热度, 热烈, , 压力treatmentn.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗materialn.材料, 原料, 物资, 素材inspectionn.检查, 视察analysisn.分析, 分解valven.阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管blindadj.瞎的, 盲目的flangen.边缘, 轮缘, 凸缘, 法兰atmospheren.大气, 空气, 气氛flexibilityn.弹性, 适应性, 机动性化工通用词汇（二）dryern干衣机, 干燥剂castingn.铸件, 铸造dryingv.烘干carbonn. [化]碳(元素符号C) couplingn.联结, 接合, 耦合联轴节columnn.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队capn.帽子, 军帽, (瓶)帽, 管帽degreen.度数, 度, 程度学位, 地位, 身份, [数]次数diametern.直径dimensionn.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元dischargen.卸货, 流出, 放电foundationn.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基expansionn.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚jointn.接缝, 接合处, 接合点, 连接, 接合, expansionjoint膨胀节n.地面, 地板, 基底, (室内的)场地, 层drawingn.图画, 制图, 素描术drain.排水沟, 消耗, 排水orificen.孔, 口plugn.塞子, 插头, 插销maximumn.最大量, 最大限度, 极大minimumn.最小值, 最小化instrumentn.工具, 手段, 器械, 器具, 手段inchn.英寸(=1/12英尺)horizontaladj.地平线的, 水平的verticaladj.垂直的, 直立的, 顶点的, [解]头顶的gagen. (=gauge) 标准度量, 计量器n.装配, 装置plasticn.塑胶, 可塑体, 塑料制品, 整形radiusn.半径, 范围, 辐射光线, 有效航程, 范围, 界限restrictionn.限制, 约束reliefn.减轻, (债务等的)免除,steeln.钢, 钢铁vacuumn.真空, 空间, 真空吸尘器volumen.卷, 册, 体积, 量, 大量, 音量refluxn.逆流, 退潮回流hydrolyzevi.水解drumn.鼓膜, 鼓室desorptionn.解吸附作用meltv使融化, (使)熔化, 使软化, nitrogenn. [化]氮nickeln. [化]镍, 镍币hydrogenn.氢chlorinen. [化]氯oxygenn. [化]氧strippern.汽提塔2. PID图难点词汇crushern. 压碎的东西, 镇服人的事实, 打击ejector驱逐者, 放出器, 排出器convey搬运, 传达, 转让compressorn压缩物, 压缩机, [医]收缩肌centrifugen. 离心分离机binn. 箱柜agitationn. 搅动incinerator焚化装置, 焚化炉, 焚尸炉flare闪光, 闪耀flamen. 火焰filter滤波器, 过滤器, 滤光器, 筛选fann. 扇子, 鼓风机, 风扇elevatorn.电梯, 升降机mill压榨机, 磨坊, 磨粉机, 工厂, 制造厂mixer搅拌器, [电] 混频器sieve筛, 滤网sewern.下水道reducer缩减者, 减压器, 还原剂reactor反应器pelletizer造球[粒]机, 树脂料切碎机packagen.包裹, 包orificen.孔, 口motor发动机, 电动机silencern.消音器, 灭音器slopen.斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜sprayer n.喷雾,喷雾器strainern.滤网, 松紧扣, 过滤器sump污水坑, 水坑, 池, 机油箱temperature n. 温度vesseln. 容器, 器皿\导管3、介质代码气体AA 空气FL 火炬气体 FLG 烟道气FG 燃料气GAM 氮气IA 仪表空气NG 天然气PA 工厂空气VG 放空气蒸汽和冷凝液ENC 超高压蒸汽冷凝液ENS 超高压蒸汽NC 高压蒸汽冷凝液NS 高压蒸汽MC 中压蒸汽冷凝液MS 中压蒸汽PC 工艺冷凝液TC 气轮机冷凝液酸碱液体CS 碱液体FC 氟硅酸HA 盐酸PPA 磷酸SA 硫酸水和液体排放CWS 循环冷却水给水CWR 循环冷却水回水DW 脱盐水FW 新鲜水PLW污水PTW饮用水PW 工艺RW 原水RWS冷冻水供水RWR 冷冻水回水SW软水WL 废液WS 废水油FO 燃料油LO 润滑油SO 密封油制冷剂AR 氨制冷剂ER 乙烯制冷剂PR 丙烯制冷剂工艺物料AOH灰、CF 煤粉、CS 煤浆、DAP磷酸二胺、 FC 燃料煤、FL填料、G气氮、GS 石料浆、GYP 石膏、 NG 氢气、LA 液氨、LM 液氮、LU大颗粒尿素、MAP磷酸一胺、MU 熔融尿素、 PG 工艺空气、 PS 硫酸钾、 PR磷矿、PRS 磷矿浆、PY硫铁矿、RC原料煤、 SL 渣、 SR硫磺、 SSP普钙、TSP 重钙、US尿素溶液、UR尿素、ML甲醇（液体）、MG 甲醇（气体）绝热类型HI 保温、 ST 蒸汽伴热、 CL保冷、ET 电伴热、PP 人身防护、 WJ水夹套、 FP 防冻、 SJ蒸汽夹套、NC隔噪声、缩写词AMB 环境温度、 ATM 大气、 BL 界区、 BLP 爆破压力、CO清理口、COMN 连接、CSC 未经允许不得开启、CSD 未经允许不得关闭、DCS 集散控制系统、 DH 分配管、 DP设计压力、 DR 导淋、 DT 设计温度、DWG 图纸、EL 标高、 FC 故障时阀关闭、FL 故障时阀保持原位、FQ 故障时阀开启、FV 全真空、H 高、HH 高高、HS 软管站、L低、 LL 低低、 MAX最大、 MIN 最小、NC正常关、NO 正常开、MOZ 接管口、 OP 操作压力、 OT 操作温度、RS 可拆卸短管、SP整定压力、ST 直通、TYP 典型的、UC公用无聊连接口、 VAC 真空、 VT 放空特殊管件和分析取样点DP 风门、EJ 膨胀节、 FH 法兰连接软管、HC软管活接头、 RO 限流孔板、RP爆破片、RV减压阀、SG 视镜、SS 安全淋浴洗眼器、STR过滤器、 SV 安全阀、 TS 临时过滤器、SL消音器、SP 特殊管件4、尿素设备7bar/ Atm absorber7巴/常压吸收塔7bar absorber feed cooler 7巴吸收塔给料泵Mp/Lp decomposer 中/低压分解器Heat exchanger 热交换器Mp/Lp carbamate condenser中压/低压甲铵冷凝器Conditioned cooling water cooler 调温水冷却器Liquid ammonia feed pump液氨给料泵Reycle solution feed pump 循环溶液给料泵High pressuer ammonia pump 高压氨泵High pressuer carbamate pump 高压甲铵泵CO2 compressorCO2压缩机First/second/third stage intercooler一/二/三段间冷却器Turbine condenser 透平冷凝器Hp pressuer stripper 高压汽提塔pool condenser 池式冷凝器Mp/Lp dissociation heater中/低压分解加热器First/second stage evaporation 一/二段蒸发器First/second stage evaporation condenser一/二段蒸发器冷凝器atm absorber recirculation cooler 常压吸收塔循环冷却器Atm absorber circulation pump 常压吸收塔循环泵Process condensate cooler 工艺冷凝液冷却器desorber heat exchanger 解吸换热器hydrolyzer heat exchanger 水解换热器reflux condenser 回流冷凝器flush steam condenser cooler 闪蒸蒸汽冷却器First/second desorber 第一/第二解吸塔Hydrolyzer 水解塔prilling tower 造粒塔prilling granulator 喷射造粒机prill bucket 造粒喷头scraper 刮料机H2 converter 脱氢反应器Reactor 合成塔First/second/third stage evaporation separator 一/二段蒸发器分离器Flush tank 闪蒸槽Ejector at First/second stage evaporation condenser 一/二段蒸发器冷凝器喷射泵Urea solution tank 尿液储槽Ammoniawater tank氨水槽Waster water sump废水槽Lever tank for reflux condenser 回流冷凝器液位槽Stream drum 低压汽包Steam saturation drum 蒸汽饱和器Urea solution pump 尿素溶液泵Urea melt pump 尿素熔融泵Carbamate boosting pump 甲铵升压泵Reflux pump 回流泵Desorber feed pump 解吸给料泵Hydrolyzer feed pump 水解给料泵Hp flushing water pump 高压冲洗水泵Steam cond pump 蒸汽冷凝液泵Conditioned cooling water pump调温水泵Waste water snmp pump 废水槽泵Turbine cond pump 透平冷凝液泵Ammonia water 氨水合成设备（一）Como hydrotreater 101-DAir filter 102-LAir compressor interstage cooler by 101-J vendor 129-JC/130-JC/131JCPrimary reformer 101-BTransfer line 107-DPrimary waste heat boiler 101-CA/CBSecondary reformer 103-DSecondary waste heat boiler 102-CShift converter 104-DH/DLPrimary shift effluent waste heat boiler 103-CMethanator feed heater 104-CSmall low temperature shift converter 104-DSRaw gas separator 102-FCondensate boiler steam jets 1104-CCo2 stripper gas reboiler 1105-CLow temperature shift effluent gas/boiler feed water exchanger 1106-C Methanator 106-DSynthesis gas compressor suction chiller 1115-CMethanator effluent cooling water exchanger 115-C1ts effluent demin water cooler 1108-CQuench drum 1121-FMethanator effluent cooler 144-CCondensate pump 1150-JSyngas suctcon drum 104-FSynthesis gas and recycle compressor 103-J。

化工管道工程使用技术词汇中英文对照1 管道组成件Piping ponent1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）tr ue “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet) 异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend U形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH) 配对法兰panion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited pressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片pressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted 双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB) 活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap) 螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal 倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）pact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for bined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckle U形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer 弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread 管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal 铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel 镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度pressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage 角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam T型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank 地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room 蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issu e) 用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房pressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station 成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping 地下管道under ground piping 管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF) 管段，接口spool piece, spool 取样接口sampling connection 集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD) 接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular 平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计puter aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C) 坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG)氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate 盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable(4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall。

化工管道工程使用技术词汇中英文对照1 管道组成件Piping ponent1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）tr ue “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet) 异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend U形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH) 配对法兰panion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited pressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片pressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted 双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB) 活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap) 螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal 倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）pact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for bined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckle U形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer 弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread 管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal 铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel 镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度pressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage 角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam T型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank 地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room 蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issu e) 用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房pressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station 成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping 地下管道under ground piping 管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF) 管段，接口spool piece, spool 取样接口sampling connection 集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD) 接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular 平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计puter aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C) 坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG)氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate 盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable(4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall。

化工管道设计技术词汇（中英对照完整版）1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel 合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland11 热处理Heat Treatment11.1 普通热处理Conventional Heat Treatment退火annealing局部退火spot annealing中间退火process annealing球化退火spheroids annealing等温退火isothermal annealing极软退火dead-soft annealing回水tempering正火normalizing淬火quenching水淬火water quenching油淬火oil quenching等温淬火isothermal quenching断续淬火slack quenching高温淬火hot quenching水冷淬火cold quenching调质quenching and tempering消除应力stress relief时效处理ageing treatment可淬性hardenability过热敏感性superheated susceptivity回火脆性temper brittleness11.2 表面热处理Surface Heat Treatment火焰表面淬火flame surface quenching感应（高频）硬化induction hardening渗碳carbonization渗氮nitridation渗铬chromizing渗铝aluminizing14 询价、报价及采购14.1 询价、报价询价inquiry管道询价单piping requisition sheet厂商报价vendor quotation报价书quotation报价quoted price估价estimated price估算estimate投标bid; tender评标evaluation14.2 采购Procurement; Purchase采购说明purchase specification订货单；订购单purchasing order采购说明汇总表purchasing specification summary sheet (PSSS) 请购requisitioning交货单delivery order (D/O)装箱单packing list预制的prefabricated备品备件spare parts供应者supplier制造者；制造厂manufacturer; vendor顾客client; customer承包商contraction分包商subcontractor业主owner用户user包装packing。

一、化工管道设计专业词汇1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通45°lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45°lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S”bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U”bendU形弯管“U”bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U”bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门V alve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckleU形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度V ickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (A TM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器V essel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A”issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B”issue) 用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C”issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D”issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E”issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F”issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G”issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station 成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“”视图X view “X”“”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD) 接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C)坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable (4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall篦子板grate; grating吊装孔erection opening吊梁hoisting beam棚shelter窗window天窗skylight门door防火门fire door地漏floor drain防火层fire-proofing总图general plot plan路肩shoulder桩pile灌浆grouting风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load动力荷载dynamic load静荷载dead load活荷载live load风速wind velocity主导风向most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘）panel就地盘local panel仪表盘instrument panel常开normally open常闭normally closed电缆槽（架）cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计manometer; pressure gauge热电偶thermocouple温度计thermometer液位计level gauge玻璃液位计gage glass温度计保护管thermowell流量计flow meter孔板orifice变送器transmitter联锁interlock仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis自动分析automatic analysis气体分析gas analysis化学分析chemical analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分hazardous area classification 危险区平面图hazardous area plan电气盘electrical panel配电盘switch board电缆沟cable trench电流current直流direct current交流alternating current频率frequency相位phase功率因数power factor电压voltage电阻resistance电容capacitance静电static electricity接地grounding; easthing照明lighting; illumination避雷针lightning preventer电话telephone电线wire接线箱（盒）junction box导线管conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座fixed saddle滑动鞍座sliding saddle管口nozzle人孔manhole (MH)手孔handhole (HH)检查孔inspection hole吊柱davit切线tangent line焊接线weldingiine件号part humbet椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head加强圈reinforcing ring接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug气缸cylinder轴shaft轴承bearing附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水raw water硬水hard water软水soft water饮用水potable water循环冷却水给水cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水cooling water return 脱盐水demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water生活污水sanitary sewer工业废水industrial waste water雨水rain water污染雨水contaminated rain water消防水fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置softener沉淀器settler沉淀池clarifier脱盐装置demineralizer水处理water traatment冷却塔cooling tower中和池neutralization tank化粪池septic tank渗滤井soak-away pit井well阀井valve pit清扫口clean out（3）消防消火栓hydrant水炮water monitor洒水器sprinkler水喷淋watering。

化工管道设计技术词汇5.1图面标注绝对标高absolute elevation 海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL) 标高，立面elevation (EL) 混凝土顶面top of concrete 架顶面top of support (TOS) 钢结构顶面top of steel 梁顶面top of beam (TOB) 支撑点point of support (POS) 管顶top of pipe (TOP) 管底bottom of pipe (BOP) 沟底bottom of trench 管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平flat on bottom (FOB) 顶平flat on top (FOT) 工作点working point (W.P.) 面至面face to face (F-F) 中心至端面center to end (C-E) 中心至面center to face (C-F) 中心至中心，中到中enter to center (C-C) 坐标coord in ate 坐标原点origi n of coord in ate 出口中心线center line of discharge 入口中心线center line of suction 中心线center line (CL) 入口iniet, suction 出口outlet, discharge 排出口exhaust 距离distanee5.2辅助用房名称5.2.1生产用房分析室an alyzer room 变压器室tran sformer room 酉己电室，变电所substati on, switch room 蓄电池室battery room控制室通风室贮藏室维修间办公室5.2.2生活用房更衣室locker room 盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet 5.3图名管道布置平面piping arran geme nt plan (PAP) 管道布置piping layout 车由测图isometric drawing 分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图(“ A版) plan ( “ A” issue) 内部审查版设备布置图( approval plot plan ( 用户审查版设备布置图app rovalplot plan ( 确认版设备布置图( plan ( “ D”issue)研究版设备布置图( P lan ( “sE'ue)i设计版设备布置图( (“ F” issue) 施工版设备布置图( plot pla n (“ G'5.4厂房、站、单元压缩机房comp ressorhouse (room) 泵房pumphouse (room) 洗眼站eye washer station 泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility stati on成套设备p ackage unit 设施facilities 罐区tank yard空分装置air sep arati on facility5.5设备布置设备位号equipment item nu mber 工厂plant工厂区界p la nt limit项目区界内侧in side battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界battery limit (BL) 区界area limit 区域边界zone limit 界外off siteeast(E) west (W) south (S) north (N) upcon trol room ven tilati ng room storage room maintenance room officepreliminary plot“F” designing plot plan“ G版) con structi onissue)"B'版)in ternal“ B” issue)(“ C版)owner“ C” issue)"D版) confirm plot“e版) planning plot东西南北上下dow n工厂北向plant n orth 真实北向true north 道路road 小过道cat walk, cat way 走道，过道walk way, gan gway, access way 污水坑(井) sump pit 集水池catch basin 沟槽through 预留区Future area 场地铺砌区paving area 非铺砌区unp aved area 碎石铺面gravel paving 橡皮铺面rubber paving 面积，区域area 体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6管道布置管道设计管道研究走向研究重要管道地上管道地下管道管网network of pipes 管廊pipe rack 管沟piping trench 管间距line spacing 管道跨距li ne span 总管旁路排液放空上升管，垂直管riser导管conduit 裸管bare line 管件直接fitt ing to fitti ng (FTF) 管段，接口spool pi ece, spool 取样接口samp li ng connection 集液包drip leg 伴热管tracingpipe 蒸汽伴热steamtraci ng 热水伴热hot-water tracing 电伴热electricaltracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed 平面plan 详图detail“视图“剖视连接图接续图接续线比例scale 图例lege nd 符号symbol 管口表list of nozzles 方位orientation 管口方位no zzle orie ntati on 定位location 相交in tersect ion 水平的horizo ntal 垂直的，立式的vertical 垂直，正交，垂直的perpen dicular平行，平行的parallel 水平安装horizo ntal in stallatio n 垂直安装vertical in stallati on 对称的symmetric相反(的)，对面(的) opposite 顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向coun ter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 5.8相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1工艺(1)图及表流程图flowdiagram 工艺流程图P rocess flow diagram (P FD) 管道及仪表流程图piping andin strume nt flow diagram (P ID) 公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD)管线表line list; line schedule 命名表；管道表nomen clature 设备表equipment list (schedule) (2)流体空气air 仪表空气工艺空气piping desig n pipingstudy routi ng studycritical piping aboveground piping un derground pipingheader, mani foldby p ass drainvent X view XA-A sect ionhook up draw ing continue on draw ing (COD) match line (M.L.)“”fluidin strume nt airp rocess airlow p ressure steam medium p ressuresteam high p ressure steam trac ing steamsaturated steam sup erheated steam氧气oxygen 氢气hydrogen 氮气nitrogen 燃料气天然气火炬气酸性气液化石油气liquefied p etroleumgas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas 冷去卩水cooli ng water 循环水circulat ing water锅炉给水boiler feed water 热水hot water 蒸汽冷凝水steamcondensate 盐水brine 工艺水process water 化学污水chemical sewage 防腐剂corrosi on in hibitor 重油heavy oil石脑油燃料油润滑油密封油冷冻剂载热体聚合物P olymer均聚物homopoly mer 共聚物copoly mer 工艺液体pro cess liquid 工艺气体pro cess gas 硫酸盐酸硝酸烧碱(3)流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure 临界温度critical temp erature 临界点critical point 临界压力critical p ressure 比热湿度密度比重粘度闪点融点凝固点freezingpoint 浓度concentration 爆炸极限limit of ex plosio n 有毒的toxic 可燃的；易燃的flammable ⑷其它回收recovery 再生regeneration 循环recirculation 再循环；再生recycle 补充make-up 制备preparation 蒸汽吹扫steam ing out 吹扫抽空；吹出排污破真空大气腿barometric leg 备用stand-by化学清洗chemical clea ning 净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NP SH) 进料feed 成品product 污染contamination大气污染atmos pheric p olluti on 环境温度ambie nt temp erature 5.8.2建筑、结构建筑物building 钢结构steelstructure 已有钢结构existi ng steel structure低压蒸汽中压蒸汽高压蒸汽伴热蒸汽饱和蒸汽过热蒸汽fuel gas natural gasflare gassour gasnap htha fuel oillubricati ng oilseali ng oilrefrigera nt heating medium溶剂溶液母液单体solve ntsoluti onmother liquormono mersulp huric acidchlorhydric acidn itric acidcaustic sodasp ecific heathumidity den sitysp ecific gravityviscosity flashpoint melt ingpointpurge排空evacuati onblow-off blow dow nvacuum breaker钢筋混 凝土结 构 rein forced con cretecon struct ion 楼面 平台 地面 栏杆 楼梯 直梯柱column; post; stanchion 基础 foundation; footing 粱 beam 斜撑；支撑 bracing 桁架；主粱 girder 构件 member 隔墙 partition wall 墙 wall 篦子板 grate; grating 吊装孑L erection opening 吊梁 hoisting beam 棚 shelter 窗 window 天窗 skylight 门 door防火门 fire door 地漏 floor drain 防火层 fire-proofing 总图 general plot plan 路肩 shoulder 桩 pile 灌浆 grouting 风荷载wind load 雪荷载 snow load 动力荷载 dyn amic load 静荷载dead load 活荷载live load 风速 wind velocity 主导风向 mostfreque nt wind direct ion 5.8.3仪表 盘(操作盘)panel就地盘 local panel 仪表盘 in strume nt panel 常开normally open 常闭 normally closed 电缆槽(架)cable tray (channel); cable rack仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray （duct ） 压力计 热电偶 温度计 液位计 玻璃液位计 gage glass 温度计保护管 thermo well流量计 flow meter 孔板 orifice 变送器transmitter 联锁 in terlock 仪器；设备 app aratus仪器分析 自动分析 气体分析 化学分析 气相色谱仪 gas chromatogra ph 液相色谱仪 liquidchromatogra ph 质谱分析 mass sp ectrometric an alysis 5.8.4电气危险区划分 hazardous area classificati on 危险区平面图hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel 配电盘 电缆沟 电流 直流 交流 频率 相位功率因数 power factor 电压 电阻 电容 静电 接地 照明避雷针 light ning preven ter; light ning rod; lightning con ductor 电话 tele phone 电线wire 接线箱（盒）jun ction box导线管 conduit tubefloorp latform (PF) ground level han drail stair; stair way laddermano meter; p ressure gauge thermoco uple thermometer level gaugein strume ntal an alysis automatic an alysis gas an alysis chemical an alysisswitch board cable trenchcurre nt direct curre nt alter nati ng curre nt freque ncy phasevoltage resista neecap acita nee static electricity grounding; earthi ng lighti ng; illu min ati on5.8.5设备固定鞍座fixed saddle 滑动鞍座slidi ng saddle 管口nozzle 人孔；检查井man hole (MH) 手孔hand hole (HH) 检查孑L inspection hole 吊柱davit 切线tangent line 焊接线welding line 件号part number 椭圆形封头elli psoidal head 力口强圈reinforcing ring 接地板earth lug 吊耳lifting lug 气缸cylinder 轴shaft 车由承bearing 附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment5.8.6水道⑴流体原水硬水软水饮用水Potable water 循环冷却水给水cooli ng water supply循环冷却水回水cooli ng water return脱盐水dem in eralized water 苦咸水(碱性水)brackish water生活污水san itary sewer 工业废水in dustrial waste water 雨水rain water 污染雨水con tam in ated rain water 消防水fire water(2)装置、设施软化装置softe ner 沉淀器settler 沉淀池clarifier 脱盐装置dem in eralizer 水处理化粪池septictank 渗滤井soak-away pit 井well 阀井valve pit 清扫口clea n out(3)消防消火栓hydra nt 水炮water monitor 洒水器sprinkler 水喷淋watering 灭火器fire extinguisher 消防水泵fire pump 消防车fire fighting truck 泡沫消防foam fire-fight ing 泡沫栓foam hydra nt 泡沫炮foam monitor 消防软管接头fire hose connectionbox type hydra nt 箱式消火栓hose box消防器材箱dry riser system 消防立管water spray system 水喷雾系统catch basin 集水井dry box with seal 水圭寸井valve box矩形阀门井measure box 仪表井invert elevation(IE)管内底标高el. center elevation 管中心标高BOP=BOTTOM OF PIPE; WP BOP 用于指定一个点的管底标高，管道不水平；只使用BOP指的是水平管道的管底标高，该管底的标高都一样另外常用的还有：CO P —管道中心标高TOP —管道顶标高TOB —支撑管道的管架顶标高（一般用于同一管架上的一排管道）所有管道标高均与其是否保温，保温厚度等无关，指的均是管道本身不包括保温厚度。

化工管道设计技术词汇中英对照化工管道设计技术词汇中英对照在化工生产过程中，管道是不可或缺的设备之一，其设计对于化工生产的效率和安全性至关重要。

下面将介绍一些常见的化工管道设计技术词汇及其中英对照。

1. Pipeline(管道)：指通过一定方式连接的管子或管道系统，用于输送液体、气体、固体等物质。

2. Piping(管道工程)：指管道系统的设计、制造、安装、维护等工程活动。

3. Flange(法兰)：指连接管道的一种常见方法，常用于连接不同直径或材质的管道。

4. Gasket(垫片)：指安装在法兰之间，用于密封管道连接处的软质材料。

5. Tee(三通)：指管道系统中的一种连接方式，用于分支部分的连接。

6. Elbow(弯头)：指用于改变管道方向的弯曲部分。

7. Reducer(变径管)：指连接不同直径管道的一种装置。

8. Nipple(奶嘴管)：指连接管道的一种较短的管子。

9. Valve(阀门)：指用于控制管道中流体的流向和流量的装置。

10. Gate Valve(闸阀)：指需要完全关闭的大口径阀门，不能经常开合。

11. Globe Valve(截止阀)：指一种流体控制装置，其运动轨迹呈圆形，用于控制流速和流量。

12. Ball Valve(球阀)：指一种控制流体流动的装置，由一个球体控制。

13. Check Valve(止回阀)：指一种防止管道反向流动的装置。

14. Butterfly Valve(蝶阀)：指一种控制流体流量的装置，其阀门由一个金属或塑料的圆形板控制。

15.管道材料：(1) Carbon Steel Pipe(碳钢管)：指一种含碳量较高的钢材制成的管道。

(2) Stainless Steel Pipe(不锈钢管)：指一种耐腐蚀的管道，广泛用于化工行业。

(3) PVC Pipe(聚氯乙烯管)：指一种由聚氯乙烯制成的耐腐蚀管道，常用于中小型工程。

(4) HDPE Pipe(高密度聚乙烯管)：指一种高密度聚乙烯制成的管道，具有良好的耐腐蚀性和综合性能。

化工通用词汇、PID图难点词汇及尿素设备1、化工通用词汇（一）Turbinen.涡轮透平prilln.金属小球vt. 使变颗粒状evaporationn.蒸发(作用)scrapern.刮料机, 平土机, 铲土机convertern.转化炉separatorn.离析器, 脱脂器, 隔离物，分离器solutionn.溶解, 溶液解决方案circulationn.循环, 流通,exchangern.交换器[机, 剂], 换[放, 散]热器reboilern.再沸器重沸器再煮器[锅] 再蒸锅加热再生器carbamaten. [化]氨基甲酸盐甲铵condensev. (使)浓缩, 精简condensern.冷凝器, 电容器coolern.冷却器tankn. (盛液体, 气体的大容器)桶、箱、罐、槽, 储水池strainern.滤网, 松紧扣, 过滤器ammonn.氨氯化铵溶液stagen.发展的进程, 阶段或时期, 段，驿站stackn堆,. 一堆, 堆栈absorbern.吸收者, 吸收体, 减震器吸收塔decomposern. [生化]分解体(分解已败死的原生质之有机体)分解器boostern.调压器升压器pumpn.泵, 抽水机ejectorn.驱逐者, 放出器, 排出器喷射器steamn.蒸汽, 水汽controln.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制, 控制器, 调节装置]quantityn.量, 数量separatern.分离器techniquen.技术, 技巧, 方法, 表演法, 手法pressuren.压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫vesseln.船, 容器, 器皿, 脉管, 导管specialn.专业特派员, 专车, 专刊compressorn.压缩物, 压缩机,recirculationn.再通行, 再流通循环standardizationn.尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准, 方法, 测量chemicaln.化学制品, 化学药品conveying运输，输送industryn.工业, 产业, 行业weldern. 焊接工weldn. 焊接, 焊缝heatn.热, 热度, 热烈, , 压力treatmentn.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗materialn.材料, 原料, 物资, 素材inspectionn.检查, 视察analysisn.分析, 分解valven.阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管blindadj.瞎的, 盲目的flangen.边缘, 轮缘, 凸缘, 法兰atmospheren.大气, 空气, 气氛flexibilityn.弹性, 适应性, 机动性化工通用词汇（二）dryern干衣机, 干燥剂castingn.铸件, 铸造dryingv.烘干carbonn. [化]碳(元素符号C)couplingn.联结, 接合, 耦合联轴节columnn.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队capn.帽子, 军帽, (瓶)帽, 管帽degreen.度数, 度, 程度学位, 地位, 身份, [数]次数diametern.直径dimensionn.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元dischargen.卸货, 流出, 放电foundationn.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基expansionn.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚jointn.接缝, 接合处, 接合点, 连接, 接合,expansionjoint膨胀节n.地面, 地板, 基底, (室内的)场地, 层drawingn.图画, 制图, 素描术drain.排水沟, 消耗, 排水orificen.孔, 口plugn.塞子, 插头, 插销maximumn.最大量, 最大限度, 极大minimumn.最小值, 最小化instrumentn.工具, 手段, 器械, 器具, 手段inchn.英寸(=1/12英尺)horizontaladj.地平线的, 水平的verticaladj.垂直的, 直立的, 顶点的, [解]头顶的gagen. (=gauge) 标准度量, 计量器n.装配, 装置plasticn.塑胶, 可塑体, 塑料制品, 整形radiusn.半径, 范围, 辐射光线, 有效航程, 范围, 界限restrictionn.限制, 约束reliefn.减轻, (债务等的)免除,steeln.钢, 钢铁vacuumn.真空, 空间, 真空吸尘器volumen.卷, 册, 体积, 量, 大量, 音量refluxn.逆流, 退潮回流hydrolyzevi.水解drumn.鼓膜, 鼓室desorptionn.解吸附作用meltv使融化, (使)熔化, 使软化,nitrogenn. [化]氮nickeln. [化]镍, 镍币hydrogenn.氢chlorinen. [化]氯oxygenn. [化]氧strippern.汽提塔2. PID图难点词汇crushern. 压碎的东西, 镇服人的事实, 打击ejector驱逐者, 放出器, 排出器convey搬运, 传达, 转让compressorn压缩物, 压缩机, [医]收缩肌centrifugen. 离心分离机binn. 箱柜agitationn. 搅动incinerator焚化装置, 焚化炉, 焚尸炉flare闪光, 闪耀flamen. 火焰filter滤波器, 过滤器, 滤光器, 筛选fann. 扇子, 鼓风机, 风扇elevatorn.电梯, 升降机mill压榨机, 磨坊, 磨粉机, 工厂, 制造厂mixer搅拌器, [电] 混频器sieve筛, 滤网sewern.下水道reducer缩减者, 减压器, 还原剂reactor反应器pelletizer造球[粒]机, 树脂料切碎机packagen.包裹, 包orificen.孔, 口motor发动机, 电动机silencern.消音器, 灭音器slopen.斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜sprayer n.喷雾,喷雾器strainern.滤网, 松紧扣, 过滤器sump污水坑, 水坑, 池, 机油箱temperature n. 温度vesseln. 容器, 器皿\导管3、介质代码气体AA 空气FL 火炬气体 FLG 烟道气FG 燃料气GAM 氮气IA 仪表空气NG 天然气PA 工厂空气VG 放空气蒸汽和冷凝液ENC 超高压蒸汽冷凝液ENS 超高压蒸汽NC 高压蒸汽冷凝液NS 高压蒸汽MC 中压蒸汽冷凝液MS 中压蒸汽PC 工艺冷凝液TC 气轮机冷凝液酸碱液体CS 碱液体FC 氟硅酸HA 盐酸PPA 磷酸SA 硫酸水和液体排放CWS 循环冷却水给水CWR 循环冷却水回水DW 脱盐水FW 新鲜水PLW污水PTW饮用水PW 工艺RW 原水RWS冷冻水供水RWR 冷冻水回水SW软水WL 废液WS 废水油FO 燃料油LO 润滑油SO 密封油制冷剂AR 氨制冷剂ER 乙烯制冷剂PR 丙烯制冷剂工艺物料AOH灰、CF 煤粉、CS 煤浆、DAP磷酸二胺、 FC 燃料煤、FL填料、G气氮、GS 石料浆、GYP 石膏、 NG 氢气、LA 液氨、LM 液氮、 LU大颗粒尿素、MAP磷酸一胺、MU 熔融尿素、 PG 工艺空气、 PS 硫酸钾、 PR磷矿、 PRS 磷矿浆、PY硫铁矿、RC原料煤、 SL 渣、 SR硫磺、 SSP普钙、TSP 重钙、US尿素溶液、UR尿素、 ML甲醇（液体）、 MG 甲醇（气体）绝热类型HI 保温、 ST 蒸汽伴热、 CL保冷、ET 电伴热、PP 人身防护、 WJ水夹套、 FP 防冻、 SJ蒸汽夹套、NC隔噪声、缩写词AMB 环境温度、 ATM 大气、 BL 界区、 BLP 爆破压力、CO清理口、COMN 连接、CSC 未经允许不得开启、CSD 未经允许不得关闭、DCS 集散控制系统、 DH 分配管、 DP设计压力、 DR 导淋、 DT 设计温度、DWG 图纸、EL 标高、 FC 故障时阀关闭、FL 故障时阀保持原位、FQ 故障时阀开启、FV 全真空、 H 高、HH 高高、HS 软管站、L低、 LL 低低、 MAX最大、 MIN 最小、NC正常关、NO 正常开、MOZ 接管口、 OP 操作压力、 OT 操作温度、RS 可拆卸短管、 SP整定压力、ST 直通、TYP 典型的、UC公用无聊连接口、 VAC 真空、 VT 放空特殊管件和分析取样点DP 风门、EJ 膨胀节、 FH 法兰连接软管、HC软管活接头、 RO限流孔板、RP爆破片、RV减压阀、SG 视镜、SS 安全淋浴洗眼器、STR过滤器、 SV 安全阀、 TS 临时过滤器、SL消音器、SP 特殊管件4、尿素设备7bar/ Atm absorber7巴/常压吸收塔7bar absorber feed cooler 7巴吸收塔给料泵Mp/Lp decomposer 中/低压分解器Heat exchanger 热交换器Mp/Lp carbamate condenser中压/低压甲铵冷凝器Conditioned cooling water cooler 调温水冷却器Liquid ammonia feed pump液氨给料泵Reycle solution feed pump 循环溶液给料泵High pressuer ammonia pump 高压氨泵High pressuer carbamate pump 高压甲铵泵CO2 compressorCO2压缩机First/second/third stage intercooler一/二/三段间冷却器Turbine condenser 透平冷凝器Hp pressuer stripper 高压汽提塔pool condenser 池式冷凝器Mp/Lp dissociation heater中/低压分解加热器First/second stage evaporation 一/二段蒸发器First/second stage evaporation condenser一/二段蒸发器冷凝器atm absorber recirculation cooler 常压吸收塔循环冷却器Atm absorber circulation pump 常压吸收塔循环泵Process condensate cooler 工艺冷凝液冷却器desorber heat exchanger 解吸换热器hydrolyzer heat exchanger 水解换热器reflux condenser 回流冷凝器flush steam condenser cooler 闪蒸蒸汽冷却器First/second desorber 第一/第二解吸塔Hydrolyzer 水解塔prilling tower 造粒塔prilling granulator 喷射造粒机prill bucket 造粒喷头scraper 刮料机H2 converter 脱氢反应器Reactor 合成塔First/second/third stage evaporation separator 一/二段蒸发器分离器Flush tank 闪蒸槽Ejector at First/second stage evaporation condenser 一/二段蒸发器冷凝器喷射泵Urea solution tank 尿液储槽Ammoniawater tank氨水槽Waster water sump废水槽Lever tank for reflux condenser 回流冷凝器液位槽Stream drum 低压汽包Steam saturation drum 蒸汽饱和器Urea solution pump 尿素溶液泵Urea melt pump 尿素熔融泵Carbamate boosting pump 甲铵升压泵Reflux pump 回流泵Desorber feed pump 解吸给料泵Hydrolyzer feed pump 水解给料泵Hp flushing water pump 高压冲洗水泵Steam cond pump 蒸汽冷凝液泵Conditioned cooling water pump调温水泵Waste water snmp pump 废水槽泵Turbine cond pump 透平冷凝液泵Ammonia water 氨水合成设备（一）Como hydrotreater 101-DAir filter 102-LAir compressor interstage cooler by 101-J vendor 129-JC/130-JC/131JCPrimary reformer 101-BTransfer line 107-DPrimary waste heat boiler 101-CA/CBSecondary reformer 103-DSecondary waste heat boiler 102-CShift converter 104-DH/DLPrimary shift effluent waste heat boiler 103-CMethanator feed heater 104-CSmall low temperature shift converter 104-DSRaw gas separator 102-FCondensate boiler steam jets 1104-CCo2 stripper gas reboiler 1105-CLow temperature shift effluent gas/boiler feed water exchanger 1106-C Methanator 106-DSynthesis gas compressor suction chiller 1115-CMethanator effluent cooling water exchanger 115-C1ts effluent demin water cooler 1108-CQuench drum 1121-FMethanator effluent cooler 144-CCondensate pump 1150-JSyngas suctcon drum 104-FSynthesis gas and recycle compressor 103-JSynthesis gas methanator feed exchanger 136-CSythesis gas compressor interstage cooler 116-CSythesis gas compressor exchanger chiller 129-CSynthesis gas compressor its stage separation 105-FSynthesis gas and recycle compressor 103-JSynthesis gas compresser after cooler 124-CA/CBFeed＆recycle gas ist stage/ist stage 13st stage chiller 117-C/118-C/119-CAmmonia converter feed effluent exchanger 121-CAmmonia comverter boiler feed water exchanger 123-CInter cooler 122-CSecendary NH3 separator 106-FAmmonia converter feed gas ＆ recycle exchanger 120-CAmmonia converter 105-D/1105-DStart-up heater 102-BSyngas compressor discharge filter 169-FSyngas compressor kick back cooler 134-C合成设备（二）Molecular sieve driers 109-DA/DBMole sieve regen gas drier 1111-DMole sieve regen heater 183-CCo2 absorber 1101-ECo2 absorber knock-out drum 1113-FMechanical Filter 1106-LLean carbonate circulation pumps 1110-JA/JB/JC Hydraulic turbine 1107-JHTSemi-lean carbonate circulation pumps 1107-JA/JB/JC Co2 stripper 1102-ELean carbonate boiler fe water exchanger 1107-C1 Lean carbonate cooler 1107-CCo2 stripper steam reboiler 1111-CCo2 stripper gas rebailer1105-CReflux drum 1116-FCo2 stripper warm condenser 1110-CABenfield flash drum 1107-FCo2 stripper reflux pumps 1108-J/JAFlash tank ejectors 1107-CA/CB/CC/CDCo2 stripper reflux drum 1103-FACo2 tripper overhead condenser 1110-CCo2 stripper reflux pump 1108-JB/JCCo2 stripper reflux drumCondensate boiler for steam jets 1104-CFlash gas chiller 126-CCombined product refrigerant 109-FFeed ＆ recycle gas 1st stage chiller 117-CRefrigerant flush drum 110-F/111-F/112-FRefrigerant condensers 127-CA/A1/CB/B1Ammonia refrigerant intercooler 128-CAmmonia refrigerant compressor 105-JSynthesis gas compressor suction chiller 1115-CHot NH3 product pump 125-J/125-JACold NH3 product pump 124-JAFeed ＆ recycle gas 1st/2st/3st stage chiller 117-C/118-C/119-C Ammonia separator 107- NH3NH3 injection pump 120-FFilter separator 101-L/LAFeed gas compressor cooler 132-CFeed gas compressor suction drum 116-FFeed gas compressor 102-JFeed gas compressor interstage knock-out drum 117-F Feed gas compressor discharge cooler 141-C/CAZioc oxide guard chamber 108-DA/DBAir receive 141-FPrimary reformer 101-BBlow bown drum 156-FPrimary waste heat boiler 101-CASecondary waste heat boiler 102-CPrimary shift effluent waste heat boiler 103-C Primary waste heat boiler 101-CBSteam drum 101-FMethanator effluent boiler feed waste heater 114-C Ammonia converter boiler feed waste exchanger 123-C Phosphate pump 2002-LJPhosphate mixiny tank 2002-LFLean carbonate boiler feed water exchanger 1107-C 1ts effluent demin water cooler 1108-CProcess condensate pump 103-ECondensate feed /effluent exchanger 130CA/CE Condensate water cooler 131-CA/CBSurface condenser 1101-JCCondensate pumps 1112-JA/BVacuum jets and inter/after condensers for 1101-JC Hydrazine in jaction tank 2001-LHydrazine in jaction pump 2001-LJAmmonia in jaction tank 2004-LAmmonia in jaction pump 2004-LJSurface condenser 101-JCCondensate pumps 112-J/JC101-JC ejector 101-ASuction stabilizer 221-C/CAReflux pump 202-J/JAPerheater 215-CScrubber 201-EHeater 203-CStage 1 prism separators 204-L(1-4) Stage 2 prism separators 206-L(1-8 Valve 取压阀门Tapping 取压连接Compressibility Factor 压缩系数Isentropic-Exponent 等熵指数Relative Humidity 相对湿度Scale Flow 刻度流量Sound Level 噪音声级Gravity 比重Viscosity 粘度Plug 阀芯Port 阀座Leakage 泄漏Stem 阀杆Jacket 夹套Limit switch 限位开关Solenoid 电磁阀Travel 行程Actuator 执行机构Handwheel 手轮机构Units 单位Steam 蒸汽ARS 轴位移SRV 入口径向振动DRV 出口径向振动Instrument Name 仪表名称Element 测量元件Type 型式Power Supply 动力源Output Signal 输出信号Conn 连接Electrical conn 电气连接Material 材料Body 本体Flange 法兰Valve 排气排液阀Other Wetted 其它接液部件Housing 外壳Enelosure 防护等级EXP•proofds 防爆类别Mounting 安装方式Aauracy 精度等级Acets 附件Tag No．位号Model No．数量Pipe No ．管道号Size and Materiai 设备规格和材料Facing and Rating 连接标准及等级Fluid 工艺介质Temp 操作温度Press 操作压力Flout 浮子Density 液体密度Conn Distance 液位接口间距High level 最高液位Low level 最低液位Seal Fluid 隔离介质Range 量程Service 用途Model 型号Remark 备注Filling liguid 填充液Process conn 过程连接Max Flow 最大流量Min Flow 最小流量Meas Range 测量范围Normal Diameter 公称直径Tube Material 测量管Electrode Material 电极Lining Material 衬里Cable length 电缆长度Local Indicator 现场就位指示表Heat Tracing 伴热Pulse Signal 脉冲／频率Relay Contact 继电器触点Sensor 传感器Converte 转换器Transmitter 变送器Rectifier 整流器Magnetic Filter 过滤器。

管道专业术语1 总则1.1 为了确保压力管道设计质量，规范压力管道配管术语，特制定本规定。

1.2 本规定适用于本公司压力管道前期设计(基础设计)文件和施工图设计文件的设计。

1.3 引用标准 《石油化工企业配管工程术语》(SH/T3051)。

2 一般部分2.1 配管 piping 按工艺流程、生产操作、施工、维修等要求进行的管道组装。

2.2 公称直径 nominal diameter 表征管子、管件、阀门等口径的名义内直径。

2.3 公称压力 nominal pressure 管子、管件、阀门等在规定温度下允许承受的以压力等级表示的工作压力。

2.4 工作压力 working pressure 管子、管件、阀门等在正常操作条件下承受的压力。

2.5 设计压力 design pressure 在正常操作过程中①,在相应设计温度下，管道可能承受的最高工作压力 2.6 强度试验压力 strength test pressure 管道强度试验的规定压力。

2.7 密封试验压力(严密性试验压力) sea1 test pressure 管道密封试验的规定压力。

2.8 工作温度 working temperature 管道在正常操作条件下的温度。

2.9 设计温度 design temperature 在正常操作过程中①，在相应设计压力下，管道可能承受的最高或最低温度。

2.10 适用介质 suitable medium 在正常操作条件下，适合于管道材料的介质。

3 管子与管道3.1 管子 pipe 一般为长度远大于直径的圆筒体，是管道的主要组成部分。

3.2 管道(管路) piping (pipe line) 由管子、管件、阀门等连接成的，输送流体或传递流体压力的通道口。

3.3 管道系统（管系） piping system 单独一组设计条件相互联系的管道。

3.4 管道组成件 piping components 连接或装配成管道系统的元件，包括管子、管件、法兰、阀门、支撑件以及补偿器等。

化工管道工程使用技术词汇中英文对照化工管道工程是指用管道进行输送、贮存和加工化工原料，生产化工产品的工程。

化工管道系统是工业生产的重要组成部分，涉及到很多技术和专业的术语，为了便于和海外的同行交流对接，下面是一些化工管道工程使用的技术词汇的中英文对照：1. 管道工程：Pipeline Engineering2. 管道设计：Pipeline Design3. 管路布局：Pipeline Layout4. 管道材料：Pipeline Material5. 管材类型：Pipe Material Type6. 手动门阀：Hand Operated Gate Valve7. 摆动式闸阀：Swing Check Valve8. 排气阀：Air Bypass Valve9. 稳压阀：Pressure Regulating Valve10.电动阀门：Electric Operated Valve11. 液位计：Level Gauge12.流量计：Flow Meter13. 压力表：Pressure Gauge14. 管道标示：Pipeline Marking15. 阀门定位器：Valve Positioner16. 膨胀节：Expansion Joint17. 压力丝：Pressure Wire18. 脉冲计数器：Pulse Counter19. 电缆管道：Cable Tray20. 集散箱：Distribution Box以上是一些常见的化工管道工程使用技术词汇的中英文对照。

在化工管道工程的设计和施工中，这些术语都是非常重要的。

无论是从技术交流的角度还是保障化工工程的安全性和稳定性的角度，都需要注意这些专业术语的使用和准确翻译。

在化工管道工程中最重要的当属管道材料。

管道材料通常在耐腐蚀、耐高温、低温、高压、抗引力等方面具备出色的性能。

管道材料也通常是根据管道的运输介质和管道使用环境等因素来选择的。

常见的管道材料包括：PVC、PE、PP、ABS、CPVC、PVDF、PTFE、不锈钢、碳钢、合金钢、玻璃钢、铜等。

化工管道基础知识一、管道的标注CWR—-————0930101——-———900—-—-—-—-B4C 第一部分第二部分第三部分第四部分第一部分:介质的代号第二部分:管道号第三部分:管道公称直径第四部分：管道等级备注：介质的代号：—IW—生产水 -PW-生活水—CNS-生产净下水 -SFW—过滤水-OIL—污油管—RW-溶气水 -CM-加药罐—IA—仪表空气—BA-曝气空气 -—-—--界区线—BW—反洗水—CA-加酸管-FBA—反洗空气 -LC—蒸汽冷凝液 H 防冻管道 ET 电伴热管道-LS—低压蒸汽管—HWS—热水管 -WW—污水管 -HWR-热水回水管—PWW-初期污染雨水总管—RNW-消防废水管—SL-污泥管线管道等级：B--——-—-—-4-———-———-—-—C第一单元第二单元第三单元第一单元：压力等级A-0.6MPa B—1.0MPa C-1.6MPa D-2.5MPa第二单元：序号第三单元：材质 C—碳钢管 F—涂塑复合钢管 S-不锈钢 W-钢筋混凝土管P-UPVC/GRP 二、管道的分类工业管道通常按照介质的压力、温度、性质分类,亦可按管道材质、温度和压力分类1、按介质压力分类工业管道按介质压力分类低压管道：〈2。

5MPa中压管道：4~6.4MPa高压管道：10~100MPa超高压管道：〉100MPa管道在介质压力作用下,应满足以下主要要求：①具有足够的机械强度,管道所用管材和管路附件，以及接头构造，在介质压力作用下均须安全可靠。

特别是高压管道，还会产生振动。

所以高压管道还必须处理好防震加固问题。

②具有可靠的密封性,保证管道和管路附件以及连接接头在介质压力作用下严密不漏,这就必须正确地选择连接方法和密封材料，合理地进行施工安装。

2、按介质温度分类工业管道按介质温度分类常温管道：—40～120℃低温管道：-40℃以下中温管道：121～450℃高温管道：450℃以上管道在介质温度作用下,应满足以下主要要求：①管材耐热的稳定性.管材在介质温度的作用下必须稳定可靠.对于同时承受介质温度和压力作用的管道，必须从耐热性和机械强度两个方面满足工作条件的要求。

化工通用词汇、PID图难点词汇及尿素设备1、化工通用词汇（一）Turbinen.涡轮透平prilln.金属小球vt. 使变颗粒状evaporationn.蒸发(作用)scrapern.刮料机, 平土机, 铲土机convertern.转化炉separatorn.离析器, 脱脂器, 隔离物，分离器solutionn.溶解, 溶液解决方案circulationn.循环, 流通,exchangern.交换器[机, 剂], 换[放, 散]热器reboilern.再沸器重沸器再煮器[锅] 再蒸锅加热再生器carbamaten. [化]氨基甲酸盐甲铵condensev. (使)浓缩, 精简condensern.冷凝器, 电容器coolern.冷却器tankn. (盛液体, 气体的大容器)桶、箱、罐、槽, 储水池strainern.滤网, 松紧扣, 过滤器ammonn.氨氯化铵溶液stagen.发展的进程, 阶段或时期, 段，驿站stackn堆,. 一堆, 堆栈absorbern.吸收者, 吸收体, 减震器吸收塔decomposern. [生化]分解体(分解已败死的原生质之有机体)分解器boostern.调压器升压器pumpn.泵, 抽水机ejectorn.驱逐者, 放出器, 排出器喷射器steamn.蒸汽, 水汽controln.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制, 控制器, 调节装置]quantityn.量, 数量separatern.分离器techniquen.技术, 技巧, 方法, 表演法, 手法pressuren.压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫vesseln.船, 容器, 器皿, 脉管, 导管specialn.专业特派员, 专车, 专刊compressorn.压缩物, 压缩机,recirculationn.再通行, 再流通循环standardizationn.尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准, 方法, 测量chemicaln.化学制品, 化学药品conveying运输，输送industryn.工业, 产业, 行业weldern. 焊接工weldn. 焊接, 焊缝heatn.热, 热度, 热烈, , 压力treatmentn.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗materialn.材料, 原料, 物资, 素材inspectionn.检查, 视察analysisn.分析, 分解valven.阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管blindadj.瞎的, 盲目的flangen.边缘, 轮缘, 凸缘, 法兰atmospheren.大气, 空气, 气氛flexibilityn.弹性, 适应性, 机动性化工通用词汇（二）dryern干衣机, 干燥剂castingn.铸件, 铸造dryingv.烘干carbonn. [化]碳(元素符号C)couplingn.联结, 接合, 耦合联轴节columnn.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队capn.帽子, 军帽, (瓶)帽, 管帽degreen.度数, 度, 程度学位, 地位, 身份, [数]次数diametern.直径dimensionn.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元dischargen.卸货, 流出, 放电foundationn.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基expansionn.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚jointn.接缝, 接合处, 接合点, 连接, 接合,expansionjoint膨胀节n.地面, 地板, 基底, (室内的)场地, 层drawingn.图画, 制图, 素描术drain.排水沟, 消耗, 排水orificen.孔, 口plugn.塞子, 插头, 插销maximumn.最大量, 最大限度, 极大minimumn.最小值, 最小化instrumentn.工具, 手段, 器械, 器具, 手段inchn.英寸(=1/12英尺)horizontaladj.地平线的, 水平的verticaladj.垂直的, 直立的, 顶点的, [解]头顶的gagen. (=gauge) 标准度量, 计量器n.装配, 装置plasticn.塑胶, 可塑体, 塑料制品, 整形radiusn.半径, 范围, 辐射光线, 有效航程, 范围, 界限restrictionn.限制, 约束reliefn.减轻, (债务等的)免除,steeln.钢, 钢铁vacuumn.真空, 空间, 真空吸尘器volumen.卷, 册, 体积, 量, 大量, 音量refluxn.逆流, 退潮回流hydrolyzevi.水解drumn.鼓膜, 鼓室desorptionn.解吸附作用meltv使融化, (使)熔化, 使软化,nitrogenn. [化]氮nickeln. [化]镍, 镍币hydrogenn.氢chlorinen. [化]氯oxygenn. [化]氧strippern.汽提塔2. PID图难点词汇crushern. 压碎的东西, 镇服人的事实, 打击ejector驱逐者, 放出器, 排出器convey搬运, 传达, 转让compressorn压缩物, 压缩机, [医]收缩肌centrifugen. 离心分离机binn. 箱柜agitationn. 搅动incinerator焚化装置, 焚化炉, 焚尸炉flare闪光, 闪耀flamen. 火焰filter滤波器, 过滤器, 滤光器, 筛选fann. 扇子, 鼓风机, 风扇elevatorn.电梯, 升降机mill压榨机, 磨坊, 磨粉机, 工厂, 制造厂mixer搅拌器, [电] 混频器sieve筛, 滤网sewern.下水道reducer缩减者, 减压器, 还原剂reactor反应器pelletizer造球[粒]机, 树脂料切碎机packagen.包裹, 包orificen.孔, 口motor发动机, 电动机silencern.消音器, 灭音器slopen.斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜sprayer n.喷雾,喷雾器strainern.滤网, 松紧扣, 过滤器sump污水坑, 水坑, 池, 机油箱temperature n. 温度vesseln. 容器, 器皿\导管3、介质代码气体AA 空气FL 火炬气体 FLG 烟道气FG 燃料气GAM 氮气IA 仪表空气NG 天然气PA 工厂空气VG 放空气蒸汽和冷凝液ENC 超高压蒸汽冷凝液ENS 超高压蒸汽NC 高压蒸汽冷凝液NS 高压蒸汽MC 中压蒸汽冷凝液MS 中压蒸汽PC 工艺冷凝液TC 气轮机冷凝液酸碱液体CS 碱液体FC 氟硅酸HA 盐酸PPA 磷酸SA 硫酸水和液体排放CWS 循环冷却水给水CWR 循环冷却水回水DW 脱盐水FW 新鲜水PLW污水PTW饮用水PW 工艺RW 原水RWS冷冻水供水RWR 冷冻水回水SW软水WL 废液WS 废水油FO 燃料油LO 润滑油SO 密封油制冷剂AR 氨制冷剂ER 乙烯制冷剂PR 丙烯制冷剂工艺物料AOH灰、CF 煤粉、CS 煤浆、DAP磷酸二胺、 FC 燃料煤、FL填料、G气氮、GS 石料浆、GYP 石膏、 NG 氢气、LA 液氨、LM 液氮、 LU大颗粒尿素、MAP磷酸一胺、MU 熔融尿素、 PG 工艺空气、 PS 硫酸钾、 PR磷矿、 PRS 磷矿浆、PY硫铁矿、RC原料煤、 SL 渣、 SR硫磺、 SSP普钙、TSP 重钙、US尿素溶液、UR尿素、 ML甲醇（液体）、 MG 甲醇（气体）绝热类型HI 保温、 ST 蒸汽伴热、 CL保冷、ET 电伴热、PP 人身防护、 WJ水夹套、 FP 防冻、 SJ蒸汽夹套、NC隔噪声、缩写词AMB 环境温度、 ATM 大气、 BL 界区、 BLP 爆破压力、CO清理口、COMN 连接、CSC 未经允许不得开启、CSD 未经允许不得关闭、DCS 集散控制系统、 DH 分配管、 DP设计压力、 DR 导淋、 DT 设计温度、DWG 图纸、EL 标高、 FC 故障时阀关闭、FL 故障时阀保持原位、FQ 故障时阀开启、FV 全真空、 H 高、HH 高高、HS 软管站、L低、 LL 低低、 MAX最大、 MIN 最小、NC正常关、NO 正常开、MOZ 接管口、 OP 操作压力、 OT 操作温度、RS 可拆卸短管、 SP整定压力、ST 直通、TYP 典型的、UC公用无聊连接口、 VAC 真空、 VT 放空特殊管件和分析取样点DP 风门、EJ 膨胀节、 FH 法兰连接软管、HC软管活接头、 RO限流孔板、RP爆破片、RV减压阀、SG 视镜、SS 安全淋浴洗眼器、STR过滤器、 SV 安全阀、 TS 临时过滤器、SL消音器、SP 特殊管件4、尿素设备7bar/ Atm absorber7巴/常压吸收塔7bar absorber feed cooler 7巴吸收塔给料泵Mp/Lp decomposer 中/低压分解器Heat exchanger 热交换器Mp/Lp carbamate condenser中压/低压甲铵冷凝器Conditioned cooling water cooler 调温水冷却器Liquid ammonia feed pump液氨给料泵Reycle solution feed pump 循环溶液给料泵High pressuer ammonia pump 高压氨泵High pressuer carbamate pump 高压甲铵泵CO2 compressorCO2压缩机First/second/third stage intercooler一/二/三段间冷却器Turbine condenser 透平冷凝器Hp pressuer stripper 高压汽提塔pool condenser 池式冷凝器Mp/Lp dissociation heater中/低压分解加热器First/second stage evaporation 一/二段蒸发器First/second stage evaporation condenser一/二段蒸发器冷凝器atm absorber recirculation cooler 常压吸收塔循环冷却器Atm absorber circulation pump 常压吸收塔循环泵Process condensate cooler 工艺冷凝液冷却器desorber heat exchanger 解吸换热器hydrolyzer heat exchanger 水解换热器reflux condenser 回流冷凝器flush steam condenser cooler 闪蒸蒸汽冷却器First/second desorber 第一/第二解吸塔Hydrolyzer 水解塔prilling tower 造粒塔prilling granulator 喷射造粒机prill bucket 造粒喷头scraper 刮料机H2 converter 脱氢反应器Reactor 合成塔First/second/third stage evaporation separator 一/二段蒸发器分离器Flush tank 闪蒸槽Ejector at First/second stage evaporation condenser 一/二段蒸发器冷凝器喷射泵Urea solution tank 尿液储槽Ammoniawater tank氨水槽Waster water sump废水槽Lever tank for reflux condenser 回流冷凝器液位槽Stream drum 低压汽包Steam saturation drum 蒸汽饱和器Urea solution pump 尿素溶液泵Urea melt pump 尿素熔融泵Carbamate boosting pump 甲铵升压泵Reflux pump 回流泵Desorber feed pump 解吸给料泵Hydrolyzer feed pump 水解给料泵Hp flushing water pump 高压冲洗水泵Steam cond pump 蒸汽冷凝液泵Conditioned cooling water pump调温水泵Waste water snmp pump 废水槽泵Turbine cond pump 透平冷凝液泵Ammonia water 氨水合成设备（一）Como hydrotreater 101-DAir filter 102-LAir compressor interstage cooler by 101-J vendor 129-JC/130-JC/131JCPrimary reformer 101-BTransfer line 107-DPrimary waste heat boiler 101-CA/CBSecondary reformer 103-DSecondary waste heat boiler 102-CShift converter 104-DH/DLPrimary shift effluent waste heat boiler 103-CMethanator feed heater 104-CSmall low temperature shift converter 104-DSRaw gas separator 102-FCondensate boiler steam jets 1104-CCo2 stripper gas reboiler 1105-CLow temperature shift effluent gas/boiler feed water exchanger 1106-C Methanator 106-DSynthesis gas compressor suction chiller 1115-CMethanator effluent cooling water exchanger 115-C1ts effluent demin water cooler 1108-CQuench drum 1121-FMethanator effluent cooler 144-CCondensate pump 1150-JSyngas suctcon drum 104-FSynthesis gas and recycle compressor 103-JSynthesis gas methanator feed exchanger 136-CSythesis gas compressor interstage cooler 116-CSythesis gas compressor exchanger chiller 129-CSynthesis gas compressor its stage separation 105-FSynthesis gas and recycle compressor 103-JSynthesis gas compresser after cooler 124-CA/CBFeed＆recycle gas ist stage/ist stage 13st stage chiller 117-C/118-C/119-CAmmonia converter feed effluent exchanger 121-CAmmonia comverter boiler feed water exchanger 123-CInter cooler 122-CSecendary NH3 separator 106-FAmmonia converter feed gas ＆ recycle exchanger 120-CAmmonia converter 105-D/1105-DStart-up heater 102-BSyngas compressor discharge filter 169-FSyngas compressor kick back cooler 134-C合成设备（二）Molecular sieve driers 109-DA/DBMole sieve regen gas drier 1111-DMole sieve regen heater 183-CCo2 absorber 1101-ECo2 absorber knock-out drum 1113-FMechanical Filter 1106-LLean carbonate circulation pumps 1110-JA/JB/JC Hydraulic turbine 1107-JHTSemi-lean carbonate circulation pumps 1107-JA/JB/JC Co2 stripper 1102-ELean carbonate boiler fe water exchanger 1107-C1 Lean carbonate cooler 1107-CCo2 stripper steam reboiler 1111-CCo2 stripper gas rebailer1105-CReflux drum 1116-FCo2 stripper warm condenser 1110-CABenfield flash drum 1107-FCo2 stripper reflux pumps 1108-J/JAFlash tank ejectors 1107-CA/CB/CC/CDCo2 stripper reflux drum 1103-FACo2 tripper overhead condenser 1110-CCo2 stripper reflux pump 1108-JB/JCCo2 stripper reflux drumCondensate boiler for steam jets 1104-CFlash gas chiller 126-CCombined product refrigerant 109-FFeed ＆ recycle gas 1st stage chiller 117-CRefrigerant flush drum 110-F/111-F/112-FRefrigerant condensers 127-CA/A1/CB/B1Ammonia refrigerant intercooler 128-CAmmonia refrigerant compressor 105-JSynthesis gas compressor suction chiller 1115-CHot NH3 product pump 125-J/125-JACold NH3 product pump 124-JAFeed ＆ recycle gas 1st/2st/3st stage chiller 117-C/118-C/119-C Ammonia separator 107- NH3NH3 injection pump 120-FFilter separator 101-L/LAFeed gas compressor cooler 132-CFeed gas compressor suction drum 116-FFeed gas compressor 102-JFeed gas compressor interstage knock-out drum 117-F Feed gas compressor discharge cooler 141-C/CAZioc oxide guard chamber 108-DA/DBAir receive 141-FPrimary reformer 101-BBlow bown drum 156-FPrimary waste heat boiler 101-CASecondary waste heat boiler 102-CPrimary shift effluent waste heat boiler 103-C Primary waste heat boiler 101-CBSteam drum 101-FMethanator effluent boiler feed waste heater 114-C Ammonia converter boiler feed waste exchanger 123-C Phosphate pump 2019-LJPhosphate mixiny tank 2019-LFLean carbonate boiler feed water exchanger 1107-C1ts effluent demin water cooler 1108-CProcess condensate pump 103-ECondensate feed /effluent exchanger 130CA/CE Condensate water cooler 131-CA/CBSurface condenser 1101-JCCondensate pumps 1112-JA/BVacuum jets and inter/after condensers for 1101-JC Hydrazine in jaction tank 2019-LHydrazine in jaction pump 2019-LJAmmonia in jaction tank 2019-LAmmonia in jaction pump 2019-LJSurface condenser 101-JCCondensate pumps 112-J/JC101-JC ejector 101-ASuction stabilizer 221-C/CAReflux pump 202-J/JAPerheater 215-CScrubber 201-EHeater 203-CStage 1 prism separators 204-L(1-4) Stage 2 prism separators 206-L(1-8 Valve 取压阀门Tapping 取压连接Compressibility Factor 压缩系数Isentropic-Exponent 等熵指数Relative Humidity 相对湿度Scale Flow 刻度流量Sound Level 噪音声级Gravity 比重Viscosity 粘度Plug 阀芯Port 阀座Leakage 泄漏Stem 阀杆Jacket 夹套Limit switch 限位开关Solenoid 电磁阀Travel 行程Actuator 执行机构Handwheel 手轮机构Units 单位Steam 蒸汽ARS 轴位移SRV 入口径向振动DRV 出口径向振动Instrument Name 仪表名称Element 测量元件Type 型式Power Supply 动力源Output Signal 输出信号Conn 连接Electrical conn 电气连接Material 材料Body 本体Flange 法兰Valve 排气排液阀Other Wetted 其它接液部件Housing 外壳Enelosure 防护等级EXP•proofds 防爆类别Mounting 安装方式Aauracy 精度等级Acets 附件Tag No．位号Model No．数量Pipe No ．管道号Size and Materiai 设备规格和材料Facing and Rating 连接标准及等级Fluid 工艺介质Temp 操作温度Press 操作压力Flout 浮子Density 液体密度Conn Distance 液位接口间距High level 最高液位Low level 最低液位Seal Fluid 隔离介质Range 量程Service 用途Model 型号Remark 备注Filling liguid 填充液Process conn 过程连接Max Flow 最大流量Min Flow 最小流量Meas Range 测量范围Normal Diameter 公称直径Tube Material 测量管Electrode Material 电极Lining Material 衬里Cable length 电缆长度Local Indicator 现场就位指示表Heat Tracing 伴热Pulse Signal 脉冲／频率Relay Contact 继电器触点Sensor 传感器Converte 转换器Transmitter 变送器Rectifier 整流器Magnetic Filter 过滤器。