提单
- 格式:docx
- 大小:21.65 KB
- 文档页数:5
提单是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。
常见的提单类型有以下几种:
- 已装船提单:指承运人已将货物装上指定船舶后所签发的提单。
- 备运提单:指承运人已收到托运货物等待装运期间所签发的提单。
- 清洁提单:指货物在装船时“表面状况良好”,承运人未加注任何货损、包装不良或其他有碍结汇的批注的提单。
- 不清洁提单:指承运人在提单上加注有货物外表状况不良或存在缺陷等批注的提单。
以下是一个关于提单的例子:
我国某出口公司先后与伦敦B公司和瑞士S公司签订两个出售农产品合同,共计3500长吨,价值8.275万英镑。
装运期为当年12月至次年1月。
但由于原定的装货船舶出现故障,只能改装另一艘外轮,致使货物到2月11日才装船完毕。
在我公司的请求下,外轮代理公司将提单的日期改为1月31日。
货物到达鹿特丹后。
买方对装货日期提出异议,要求我公司提供1份装船证明。
我公司坚持提单是正常的,无须提供证明。
结果买方聘请律师上货船查阅船长的船行日志,证明提单日期是伪造的,立即凭律师拍摄的证据向当地法院控告并由法院发出通知扣留该船。
经过4个月的协商,最后,我方赔款2.09万英镑,买方才肯撤回上诉而结案。
第五章提单及提单业务一、提单的概念及作用1、什么是提单?(bill of lading B /L)我国《海商法》第71条: “提单,是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。
”提单是重要的海上货物运输单证,也是一份重要的国际货物贸易单证,货物由承运人接收或者装船后,应托运人的要求,由承运人、船长、或者承运人的代理人签发。
2、提单的作用(1)海上货物运输合同的证明①在提单签发之前,合同已经通过要约和承诺成立,签发提单只是承运人履行合同的一个环节。
②构成合同的条件,除了“要约”和“承诺”的两个阶段外,还必须满足一定的要件即有合同当事人的签署。
③提单不仅是证明承运人和托运人之间存在合同,更是他们之间合同内容的证明,即提单上的内容除承运人与托运人事先另有约定或者托运人证明内容不是其真实的意思表示外,属于承托双方合同的内容,对双方具有约束。
(2)提单是承运人接受货物或者货物已经装船的证明①具有货物收据的作用,签发收货代运提单意味着承运人已经收到货物,签发已装船提单明已经将货物装船。
②证据效力:承运人与托运人之间是初步证据;承运人与收货人之间是绝对证据(最终证据)。
(3)提单是承运人据以交付货物的凭证①承运人应向提单中载明的记名人或者指示人指示或者提单的持有人交付货物。
如果签发了一式多份正本提单,应收回其中的一份正本提单,其余作废,除非合同中约定收货人凭全套正本提单提货。
②保函:实际业务中,特别是近距离运输,经常出现提单流转慢于货物运输的速度,经常出现收货人凭副本提单加保函提货的情况。
保函主要内容包括收货人一经收到正本提单,保证交给承运人和如果承运人因接受保函需要向第三方负担赔偿责任时,收货人保证向承运人赔偿相应的损失等。
承运人不凭正本提单放货,不论是否凭副本提单加保函,都构成无单放货,是一种违法行为。
③无单放货:海商法规定“提单是承运人据以交付货物的凭证”,按此规定,无论记名提单、不记名提单、指示提单,承运人都应该凭正本提单交付货物。
什么是提单提单的作用是什么
提单(Bill of Lading,简称B/L)是一种货运单据,用于记录货物的收发、运输及相关信息的文件。
它在国际贸易中起到了重要的作用。
作为一种重要的文件,提单具有以下作用:
1.运输凭证:提单是货物运输的凭证。
货物运抵目的港口后,货主需出示提单给船公司以取回货物。
提单展示了货物的数量、描述和装运条件等重要信息。
2.托运人凭证:提单是货主与船公司之间的合同证明。
当货主将货物交给船公司运输时,被载货人(即货主)会收到该提单。
提单上载明了收发货人、货物描述、装运条件、费用和付款方式等重要内容,使货主能够依据提单要求船公司履行相关义务。
3.托运人至受运人之通知和指示:提单上载明了运输信息,包括货物的装运港口、目的港口,托运人可以通过提单通知受运人货物的准确位置和运输状态。
4.货权凭证:提单是货物权属的证明。
提单上载明了货物的所有权,这在货物转手或发生纠纷时非常重要。
只有持有提单的人才被认为是货物的合法所有者。
5.银行贷款工具:在国际贸易中,提单通常被用作银行向买卖双方提供融资的基础。
货物的转让和结算往往依赖于提单的背书和转让程序。
6.运输保险凭证:提单上载明了货物的损坏、丢失或延误等情况,有助于确定货物运输保险的责任和索赔。
提单的名词解释1) 提单BILL OF LADING是指一种用以证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船,以及承运人据以保证在目的港交付的单证。
2) 货运提单HOUSE B/L是指由货运代理人签发的提单。
货运提单往往是货物从内陆运出并运至内陆时签发的。
国际货代通常都使用此种提单。
一般货代为满足客户的倒签或其他船东无法满足的要求时也使用这种提单。
3) 船东提单MASTER B/L是指由船东签发的提单。
4) 已装船提单SHIPPED OR BOARD B/L指承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。
5) 收货待运提单或待运提单RECEIVED FOR SHIPPING B/L指承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。
6) 直达提单DIRECT B/L指货物自装货港装船后,中途不经换船直接驶到卸货港卸货而签发的提单。
8) 联运提单或称转船提单THROUGH B/L指承运人在装货港签发的中途得以转船运输而至目的港的提单。
9) 多式联运提单MT B/L指货物由海上、内河、铁路、公路、航空等两种或多种运输方式进行联合运输而签的适用于全程运输的提单。
10) 班轮提单LINER B/L班轮是在一定的航线上按照公布的时间表,在规定的港口间连续从事货运的船舶。
班轮可分定线定期和定线不定期两种。
11) 租船合同提单CHARTER PARTY B/L一般指用租船承运租船人的全部货物,船东签给租船人的提单,或者并非全部装运租船人的货物,而由船东或租船人所签发的提单。
12) 记名提单STRAIGHT B/L是指只有提单上指名的收货人可以提货的提单,一般不具备流通性。
13) 指示提单ORDER B/L通常有未列名指示(仅写ORDER ),列名指示( ORDER OF SHIPPER 或ORDER OF CONSIGNEE**COMPANY ; ORDER OF **BANK )。
此种提单通过指示人背书后可以转让。
14) 不记名提单BLANK B/L 或OPEN B/L提单内没有任何收货人或ORDER 字样,即提单的任何持有人都有权提货。
提单的概念和基本作用提单的概念和基本作用提单是一种国际贸易中常用的单证,它是货物运输过程中重要的组成部分。
那么提单具体是什么,以及它的基本作用是什么呢?本文将深入解析提单的概念和基本作用。
提单的概念提单是指在国际贸易中,发货人或船公司把货物交运给海运公司的过程中所签发的货运文件,它是货物运输合同中的一个组成部分。
提单通常由海运公司或其代理机构签发,包括船公司提单(B/L)、货代提单(HBL)和货运代理提单(MBL)。
提单的基本作用提单作为国际贸易中的一项重要单证,其基本作用主要有以下几点:1.证明货权的转移。
在国际贸易中,提单是货权转移的凭证。
当货物运输过程中,货主将提单交给买方或其代理人后,买方就拥有了货物的所有权和运输权。
2.签订海运合同。
发货人和船公司之间的运输合同一般都是在装船前签订,海运公司在货物上船前必须签发提单,这样才能完成货运合同,以确保货物得到安全运输。
3.收到货款。
提单通常是放货的唯一凭证,提单由收货人或其银行支付给发货人或其银行,从而保证了货款的支付和货物的安全运输,防止了货物的丢失或破损。
4.办理货物进出口手续。
提单是海关进出口货物的必备单证,必须在海关申报时出具,并在验收后进行核对,以确保货物安全有序地进出口。
综上所述,提单在国际贸易中扮演着重要的角色,既是货权转移的凭证,也是海运合同的重要组成部分,同时还具有收款和办理货物进出口手续等功能,对于货物的安全运输和贸易的顺利进行起着至关重要的作用。
提单种类提单的种类主要有以下三种:1.船公司提单(B/L)。
船公司提单是由船公司直接签发的提单,证明海上运输合同的存在,以及货物运输的起点和终点等相关信息。
2.货代提单(HBL)。
货代提单是由货运代理人签订的提单,属于非船公司签发的提单。
通常情况下,货代提单要转交给实际承运人,即船公司或轮船承包人。
3.货运代理提单(MBL)。
货运代理提单是由货运代理人从船公司处签发的提单,是建立在船公司提单基础之上的,通常只有代理人和承运人才具有交接权。
名词解释提单
提单是指船舶货物运输中的一种重要单据,也称为货物运输单或托运单。
提单作为船舶货物运输的凭证,记录了货物的收发情况、数量、质量、收货人等信息,并具有法律效力。
提单分为两种类型:海运提单和空运提单。
海运提单是指用于海洋运输货物的提单,空运提单是指用于空运货物的提单。
无论是海运提单还是空运提单,都是托运人或委托人与运输公司之间的重要合同文件,是货物运输的重要凭证和证明文件。
提单具有以下几个重要的作用:
1.货权凭证:提单是货物运输中托运人货权的证明文件,提供
了货物的所有权和所有人的身份信息。
货物的收货人凭提单可以取得货权,并享有合法的权益。
2.货物交接凭据:提单记录了货物的数量、品质、规格等详细
信息,作为货物的交接凭证。
货物托运人在装船时将货物交给承运人,并签发提单表明已将货物交付给承运人,提单在货物到达目的地时,承运人将货物交付给收货人,并要求收货人出示提单以证明其身份。
3.运输合同证明:提单是托运人与承运人之间的重要合同文件,确认了双方的权益和责任。
提单作为合同证明,规定了运输条款、赔偿责任、运输期限等关键信息。
4.海关文件:提单在货物进出口领域中具有重要的海关用途。
海关根据提单上的信息进行货物验放和征税,提单的真实性和准确性对保障海关监管和税收征收至关重要。
总之,提单是船舶货物运输中的一种重要单据,它凭借其具有货权凭证、货物交接凭据、运输合同证明和海关文件等多重作用,保障了货物运输的合法性、安全性和顺利性。
提单的完整性和准确性对于保障各方权益和顺利完成货物运输流程至关重要。
提单及分类什么是提单?提单是国际贸易中常用的一种单证,用于证明货物的承运和交接。
提单是货物承运人(通常是船运公司)发给货物托运人的一种凭证,也是货物托运人对承运人的委托书。
提单上详细记录了货物的数量、品名、包装、运输方式、目的地等信息。
提单的分类提单可以根据不同的标准进行分类,下面将介绍几种常见的提单分类方式。
1. 根据货权转移方式分类根据货权转移方式的不同,提单可以分为两种类型:转让提单和非转让提单。
•转让提单(Negotiable Bill of Lading):转让提单是指可以在货权转移时转让给第三方的提单。
持有转让提单的人可以通过背书的方式将货权转让给其他人。
转让提单在国际贸易中广泛使用,因为它可以方便货权的交易和转移。
•非转让提单(Straight Bill of Lading):非转让提单是指货权不可转让的提单。
一旦货权转移给特定的收货人,就不能再次转让给其他人。
非转让提单通常用于国内贸易或特殊情况下,如货物所有权有限制的情况。
2. 根据运输方式分类根据运输方式的不同,提单可以分为两种类型:海运提单和空运提单。
•海运提单(Ocean Bill of Lading):海运提单是指用于海上运输的提单。
海运提单是最常见的一种提单,它记录了货物的装运、船名、航次、起运港和目的港等信息。
海运提单在国际贸易中扮演着重要的角色,它不仅是货物的凭证,也是货物所有权的证明。
•空运提单(Airway Bill):空运提单是指用于空运的提单。
与海运提单不同,空运提单一般不要求实体单据,通常以电子形式存在。
空运提单记录了货物的起运地、目的地、航班号、货物描述等信息。
空运提单在国际贸易中运输时间较短的情况下使用较多。
3. 根据结算方式分类根据结算方式的不同,提单可以分为两种类型:到付提单和预付提单。
•到付提单(Collect on Delivery Bill of Lading):到付提单是指货物在到达目的地时,收货人需要支付运费的提单。
提单及分类(实用版)目录1.提单的定义与作用2.提单的分类及其特点3.提单的应用场景正文在物流行业中,提单是一种重要的单证,用于确认货物的运输和交付。
提单的全称是提货单,是承运人或其指定的代理人出具的一种单据,证明已收到货物,并保证按收货人的指示交付货物。
提单在货物运输过程中具有至关重要的作用,是承运人与托运人之间的一种约定和承诺。
提单可以分为不同类型,每种类型有其特点和应用场景。
常见的提单分类如下:1.海运提单(Ocean Bill of Lading):海运提单是国际贸易中最常见的提单类型,适用于海运货物运输。
海运提单上会详细列明货物的名称、数量、包装方式、起始港和目的港等信息,以及承运人和托运人的相关信息。
海运提单是货物所有权的凭证,托运人或收货人可以通过背书转让提单来实现货物所有权的转移。
2.空运提单(Air Waybill):空运提单适用于空运货物运输,与海运提单类似,也是承运人与托运人之间的约定和承诺的证明。
空运提单上会列明货物的基本信息、承运人和托运人的信息等。
不过,空运提单不是货物所有权的凭证,不能通过背书转让。
3.铁路提单(Railway Bill of Lading):铁路提单适用于铁路货物运输,与海运提单和空运提单类似,也是承运人与托运人之间的约定和承诺的证明。
铁路提单上会列明货物的基本信息、承运人和托运人的信息等。
4.公路提单(Road Bill of Lading):公路提单适用于公路货物运输,与铁路提单类似,也是承运人与托运人之间的约定和承诺的证明。
公路提单上会列明货物的基本信息、承运人和托运人的信息等。
提单在物流运输中的应用场景主要包括:1.货物的承运和交付:提单是承运人或其指定的代理人出具的货物收据,证明已收到货物,并保证按收货人的指示交付货物。
2.货物所有权的转移:海运提单作为货物所有权的凭证,可以通过背书转让来实现货物所有权的转移。
3.货物的保险理赔:提单是货物运输过程中重要的单证,可以作为货物损失或损坏的保险理赔的依据。
The following are the conditions and exceptions herebefore referred to:1. DEFINLTION“Merchant”includes the Shipper,the Receiver,the Consignor,the Consignee,the Holder of the Bill of Lading and the Owner of the Goods.2. JURISDICTIONThis Bill of Lading is governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All disputes arising under or in connection with this Bill of Lading shall be determined by the laws of the People’s Republi c of China and any action against the carrier shall be brought before the Maritime Court in Tianjin.3. CARRIER’S RESPONSIBILITYIn respect of Carrier’s liabilities,responsibilities,rights and immunities,the Hague Rules contained in the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading,signed at Brussels on August 25,1924 shall be applied4. PERIOD OF RESPONSIBILITYThe responsibility of the Carrier shall commence from the time when the goods are loaded on board the ship and shall cease when they are discharged from the ship. The Carrier shall not be liable for loss of or damage to the goods before loading and after discharging from the vessel,however such loss or damage arises.5. PACKING AND MARKSThe Merchant shall have the goods properly packed and accurately and clearly marked before shipment. The port of destination of the goods should be marked in letters not less than 5 cm high,in such a way as will remain legible until their delivery. All fines and expenses arising from insufficiency or inadequacy of packing or marks shall be borne by the Merchant.6. FREIGHT AND OTHER CHARGES (1) Advance freight together with other charges is due on shipment. If not prepaid though stipulated,the freight and other charges shall be paid by the Merchant plus 5% interest per annum running from the date of notification for their payment. If the cargoes shipped are perishables,low cost goods,live animals,deck cargoes or goods for which there is no Carrier’s agent at the port of destination,the freight for such cargo and all related charges shall be paid at the time of shipment. Freight payable at destination together with other charges is due on vessel’s arrival. Advance freight and / or freight payable at destination shall be paid to the Carrier in full,and non-returnable and non-deductible irrespective of whatever loss or damage may happen to vessel and cargo or either of them. (2) All dues,taxes and charges or any other expenses in connection with the goods shall be paid by the Merchant.7. INCORRECT STATEMENTSThe Carrier is in entitled,at port of shipment and / or port of destination,to verify the quantity,weight,measurement and contents of the goods as declared by the Merchant. If the weight,measurement and / or contents of such goods as stated in the Bill of Lading turned out to be inconsistent with that of the goods actually loaded,and the freight paid falls short of the amount which would have been due if such declaration had been correctly given,the carrier is entitled to collect from the Merchant as liquidated damages to the Carrier double the amount of difference between the freight for the goods actually shipped and that mis-stated.The Merchant shall be liable for loss of and damage to the vessel and / or goods arising or resulting from inaccuracies in stating the description,quantity,weight,measurement or contents of the goods and shall indemnify the Carrier for the costs and expenses in connection with weighing,measuring and checking such goods.8. LOADING,DISCHARGING AND DELIVERY The goods shall be supplied and taken delivery of by the owner of the goods as fast as the vessel can take and discharge them,without interruption,by day and if required by Carrier also by night,Sundays and holidays included,notwithstanding any custom of the port to the contrary and the Owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default thereof.Discharge may commence without previous notice. If the goods are not taken delivery of by the Receiver from alongside the vessel without delay,or if theReceiver refuses to take delivery of the goods,or in case there are unclaimed goods,the Carrier shall be at liberty to land such goods on shore or any other proper places at the sole risk and expense of the Merchant,and the Carrier’s responsibility of delivery of cargo shall be deemed to have been fulfilled. Weighing on board is only allowed by special permission of the Carrier,including detention and extra costs of discharging,shall be for the account of the Receiver or Consignees,notwithstanding any custom of the port to the contrary.If the goods are unclaimed during a reasonable time,or wherever the goods will become deteriorated,decayed or worthless,the Carrier may,at his discretion and subject to his lien,and without any responsibility attaching to him,sell,abandon or otherwise dispose of such goods solely at the risk and expense of the Merchant.9. LIGHTERAGEAny lighterage in or off ports of loading or port of discharge shall be for the account of the Merchant.10. LIENThe Carrier shall have a lien on the goods and any document relating thereto for freight,dead freight,demurrage and any other amount payable by the Merchant,and for General Average contributions for whomsoever due and for the cost of recovering the same,and for this purpose shall have the right to sell or otherwise dispose of the goods. If on sale of the goods,the proceeds fail to cover the amount due and the cost and expenses incurred,the Carrier shall be entitled to recover the deficit from the Merchant. 11. NOTICE OF LOSS OR DAMAGE,TIME BAR Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given in writing to the Carrier or his agent at the port of discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage. Such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the Carrier of the goods as described in the Bill of Lading.If the loss or damage is not apparent,the notice must be given within three days of the delivery. The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods has at the time of their receipt been the subject of joint survey or inspection.In any event the Carrier and the vessel shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered.In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the Carrier and the Receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods.12. AMOUNT OF COMPENSATIONWhen the Carrier is liable for compensation in respect of loss of or damage to the goods,such compensation shall be calculated on the basis of the Merchant’s net invoice cost,plus freight and insurance premium,if said.Notwithstanding Clause 3 of this Bill of Lading,the Carrier’s liability for loss of or damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount not exceeding RMB ¥700 per package or freight unit unless the value of the goods higher than this amount is declared in writing by the shipper before receipt of the goods by the Carrier and inserted in this Bill of Lading and extra freight paid as required.If the actual value of the goods per package or per freight unit exceeds such declared value.the volue shall nevertheless be deemed to be the declared value and the Carrier’s liability,if any.shall not exceed the declared value and any partial loss damage shall be adjusted pro rata,the basis of such declared value.13. FORWARDING,SUBSTITUTE OF VESSEL,THROUGH CARGO AND TRANSHIPMENT If necessary,the Carrier shall be at liberty to carry the goods to their port of destination by other vessel or vessels either belonging to the Carrier or other persons or by rail or other means of transport proceeding either directly or indirectly to such port and to carry the goods or part of them beyond their port of destination and to tranship,lighter,land and store the goods on shore or afloat and reship and forward same at the Carrier’s expenses but at Merchant’s risk. The responsibility of the Carrier shall be limited to the part of the transport performed by him on the vesselunder his management.14. DANGEROUS GOODS, CONTRABAND (1) The Merchant undertakes not to tender for transportation any goods which are of a dangerous,inflammable,radio-active,and / or any harmful nature without previously giving written notice of their nature to the Carrier and marking the goods and the container or other covering on the outside as required by any laws or regulations which may be applicable during the carriage. (2) Whenever the goods are discovered to have been shipped without complying with the sub-clause (1) above or the goods are found to be contraband or prohibited by any laws or regulations of the port of loading,discharge or call or any place or waters during the carriage,the Carrier shall be entitled to have such goods rendered innocuous,thrown overboard or discharged or otherwise disposed of at the Carrier’s discretion without compensation and the Merchant shall be liable for and indemnify the Carrier against any kind of loss,damage or liability including loss of freight,and any expensesdirectly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such shipment.(3) If any goods shipped complying with the sub-clause (1) above become a danger to the ship or cargo,they may in like manner be rendered innocuous,thrown overboard or discharged or otherwise disposed of at the Carrier’s discretion without compensation except for General Average,if any.15. DECK CARGO,LIVE ANIMALS AND PLANTS Cargo on deck,plants and live animals are received,handled,carried,kept and discharged at Merchant’s risk and the Carrier shall not be liable for loss thereof or damage thereto.16. CARGO IN CONTAINERS(1) Goods may be stowed by the Carrier or his agents or servants in containers and containers whether stowed as aforesaid or received fully stowed may be carried on or under deck without notice. The Carrier’s liability for such carriage shall likewise be governed by the terms and conditions of this Bill of Lading irrespective of Clause 15 hereof notwithstanding the fact that the goods are being carried on deck and the goods shall contribute to General Average and shall receive compensation in General Average. (2) If a container has not been filled,packed,stuffed or loaded by the Carrier,the Carrier shall not be liable for loss of or damage to the contents and the Merchant shall indemnify the Carrier against any injury,loss,damage,liability or expense incurred by the Carrier if such injury,loss,damage,liability or expense has been caused by:1) the manner in which the container has been filled,packed,stuffed or loaded;or2) the unsuitability of the contents for carriage in containers;or3) the unsuitability or defective condition of the container which would have been apparent upon reasonable inspection by the Merchant at or prior to the time the container was filled,packed,stuffed or loaded.If a container which has not been filled,packed,stuffed or loaded by the Carrier is delivered by the Carrier with the seal intact,such delivery shall be deemed as full and complete performance of the Carrier’s obligation hereunder and the Carrier shall not be liable for any loss of or damage to the contents of the container. The Shipper shall inspect containers before stuffing them and the use of the containers shall be prima facie evidence of their being sound and suitable for use.17. REFRIGERATED GOODSBefore loading goods in any insulated space,the Carrier shall in addition to the Class Certificate,obtain the certificate of the Classification Society’s Surveyor or other competent person,stating that such insulated space and refrigerating machinery are in the opinion of the surveyor or other competent person fit and safe for the carriage and preservation of refrigerated goods. The aforesaid certificate shall be conclusive evidence against the Merchant. Receivers have to take delivery of refrigerated cargo as soon as the vessel is ready to deliver otherwise the Carrier shall land the goods at the wharf at the Merchant’s risk and expense.18. BULK CARGO,GOODS TO MORE THAN ONECONSIGNEE(1) As the Carrier has no reasonable means of checking the weight of bulk cargo,any reference to such weight in this Bill of Lading shall be deemed to be for reference only,but shall constitute in no way evidence against the Carrier. (2) Where bulk cargo or goods without marks or cargo with the same marks are shipped to more than one Consignee,the Consignees or Owners of the goods shall jointly and severally bear any expense or loss in dividing the goods or parcels into pro rata quantities and any deficiency shall fall upon them in such proportion as the Carrier,his servants or agents shall decide.19.FUMIGATIONIn the event of fumigation of goods on board for whatever reason,the Carrier shall not be liable for damage to goods without actual proof of the Carrier’s negligence which shall not be presumed against him,and all expenses incurred are for Merchant’s account.20.OPTIONThe port of discharge for optional goods must be declared to the vessel’s agent at the first of the optional ports named in the option not later than 48 hours before the vessel’s arrival there. In the absence of such declaration the Carrier may elect to discharge at the first or any optional port and the contract of carriage shall then be considered as having been fulfilled. Any option must be for the total quantity of goods under this Bill of Lading.21. GENERAL AVERAGE AND NEW JASON CLAUSE (1) General Average shall be adjusted in Beijing in accordance with China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Provisional Rules for General Average Adjustment,1975. (2) In the event of accident,danger,damage or disaster before or after the commencement of the voyage,resulting from any cause whatsoever whether due to negligence or not,for which,or for the consequence of which the Carrier is not responsible,by statute contract or otherwise,the goods,Shippers,Consignees or Owners of the goods shall contribute with the Carrier in General Average to the payment of any sacrifices,losses or expenses of a General Average nature that may be made or incurred and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in respect of the goods. If a salving ship is owned or operated by the Carrier,salvage shall be paid for as fully as if the said salving ship or ships belonged to strangers. Such deposit as the Carrier or his agents may deem sufficient to cover the estimated contribution of the goods and any salvage and special charges thereon shall;if required,be made by the goods,Shippers,Consignees or Owners of the goods to the Carrier before delivery. 22.BOTH TO BLAME COLLISION CLAUSEIf the vessel comes into collision with another vessel as a result of the negligence of the other vessel and any act,neglect or default of the master,mariner,pilot or of the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the vessel the owners of the goods carried hereunder will indemnify the Carrier against all loss or liability to the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of or damage to or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said goods paid or payable by the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners to the owners of said goods and set-off,recouped or recovered by the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying ship or Carrier. The forgoing provisions shall also apply where the owners,operators or those in charge of any vessel or vessels or objects other than,or in addition to,the colliding vessels or objects are at fault in respect of a collision,contact stranding or other accident.23.WAR QUARANTINE ICE STRIKES CONGESTION ETC.Should it appear that war,blockade,pirate,epidemics,quarantine,ice,strikes,congestion and other causes beyond the Carrier’s control would prevent the vessel from safely reaching the port of destination and / or discharging the goods thereat,the Carrier is entitled to discharge the goods at the port of loading or any other safe and convenient port and the contract of carriage shall be deemed to have been fulfilled. Any extra expenses incurred under the aforesaid circumstances shall be borne by the Merchant.24.LOCAL CLAUSEWith respect to the goods carried from the United States of America notwithstanding any other term hereof this Bill of Lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of the United Sates of America,1936. Neither the Carrier nor the vessel shall,in any event,be or become liable for any loss of or damage to such goods in an amount exceeding Dollars 500 lawful money of the United States of America per package,or in case of goods not shipped in packages,per customary freight unit unless the nature and value of such goods has been declared by the Shippers before shipment and inserted in the Bill of Lading.。