Jonathan Swift (1667—1745)

《格列佛游记》是乔纳森·斯威夫特的一部杰出的游记体讽刺小说，以较为完美的艺术形式表达了作者的思想观念，作者用丰富的讽刺手法和虚构幻想的离奇情节，深刻的剖析了当时的英国社会现实。

另外，同名电影和动漫，也是根据该小说改编的。

简介1726年在英国首次出版，受到读者喜爱，一周之内售空；三周售出一万册。

出版两个多世纪以来，被翻译成几十种语言，在世界各国广为流传。

作者运用讽刺影射的手法，反映了18世纪前半期英国的社会矛盾，揭露了当时统治集团的腐败和罪恶，并有力抨击了侵略战争和殖民主义的危害。

尽管是对宫廷和政治家的讽刺，但作品却超越了它的时代和地方的局限，尤其是前面的那两个部分，被认为是“文学的伟大宝库之一”“电影的伟大宝库之一”。

本书反映当时英国的自大和狂妄。

这是一篇寓言小说，是英国作家斯威夫特于1726年写的最着名的文学作品。

《格列佛游记》是一部奇书，它不是单纯的少儿读物，而是饱寓讽刺和批判的文学杰作，作者借船医格列佛之口逼真地描述了四次航海中的奇异经历，通过这种幻想旅行的方式来影射现实。

创作背景作者乔纳森·斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift）于1710年至1714年间，曾出任以罗伯特·哈利及亨利·圣约翰的托利党的公共关系官员，后来政党交替，辉格党上台，托利党党员被清算。

于是作者透过第一部小人国的历险暗讽当时的政治。

其次，作者后来到爱尔兰任教，爱尔兰当时受到英格兰的高压统治，于是作者通过第三部诸岛国游记反映爱尔兰农业的衰败。

他出生于爱尔兰首府都伯林，在基尔凯尼学校上学，是18世纪前期讽刺作家和政论家。

这部书完成于1726年。

《格列佛游记》的构思源于与朋友的一次聚会，斯威夫特谈到当时的政界种种贪婪无耻的行径时激动万分嬉笑怒骂间，信笔开始了第一卷的创作。

成熟后经过无数次的增删修改终于1726年匿名发表，并立刻在英国社会引起了很大的争议。

200多年来，它被译成几十种文字，在世界各地广为流传。

II.Essays
The Battle of the Books(1690)《书籍之战》 A Tale of a Tub （1704）《一只木桶的故事》 Drapier's Letters (1724)《布商的信》 A Modest Proposal (1729) 《一个温和的建议》 The last two pamphletes earn him the status of an Irish patriot.
But they begin altering their coats (faith) by adding ornaments. Peter adds more ornaments to the coats. Jack rips the coat to shreds撕成碎片 in order to restore the original state of the garment which represents the "primitive Christianity" sought by dissenters. Eventually, Peter and Jack begin to resemble one another, and only Martin is left with a coat that is at all like the original.
Gulliver's Travels--a novel
• 翻译家王佐良先生则相当客观。 • 他说：“这部书打动了各类读者，儿童们喜 欢头两部故事，历史学家看出了当时英国朝 政的侧影。思想家据以研究作者对文化和科 学的态度，左派文论家摘取其中反战反殖民 主义的词句，甚至先锋派理论家把它看作黑 色幽默的前驱。而广大的普通读者则欣赏其 情节的奇幻有趣，其讽刺的广泛深刻。这部 书是游记、神话、寓言、理想国的蓝图，又 是试验性的小说。”

Book IV takes Gulliver to the Utopian land of the Houyhnhnms—grave, rational, and virtuous horses. There is also another race on the island, uneasily tolerated and used for menial services by the Houyhnhnms. These are the vicious and physically disgusting Yahoos. Although Gulliver pretends at first not to recognize them, he is forced at last to admit the Yahoos are human beings. He finds perfect happiness with the Houyhnhnms, but as he is only a more advanced Yahoo, he is rejected by them in general assembly and is returned to England, where he finds himself no longer able to tolerate the society of his fellow human beings.
Gulliver‘s Travels：
生动有趣、运思深刻、极其夸张虚构 生动有趣、运思深刻、
Swift's masterpiece was originally published without its author's name under the title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. This work, which is told in Gulliver's “own words,” is the most brilliant as well as the most bitter and controversial of his satires. In each of its four books the hero, Lemuel Gulliver, embarks on a voyage; but shipwreck or some other hazard usually casts him up on a strange land.

– Absurd desire: P7 be crazy about shining stones
– Laziness: P17 – Debauchery: P19
Make Presentation much more fun
• Miscellany: • A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation (1738) • A Journal to Stella (published posthumously – 1766)
LANGUAGE STYLE • simple and vigorous; • deadly irony; • powerful satire.
• Examples in excerpt:
– P2 For, indeed, who is there alive that will not be swayed by his bias and partiality to the place of his birth?
– P4 he sent for me one morning early, and commanding me to sit down at some distance (an honour which he had never before conferred upon me).
private Secretary of William Temple. • In 1692, got a master degree from Oxford • In 1697-1698, wrote 'The Battle of the Books'
and ' Tale of a Tub' • In 1699, returned to Ireland; served as a priest in1来自14)Cathedral.