M5000直读光谱仪

对直读光谱仪优化操作，提高检测准确性摘要直读光谱仪在使用过程中虽然能满足日常检验需要，但同时也会出现的一些问题及不足，比如有时化验结果不太稳定，有时相对偏差较大，如何才能使光谱仪化验结果更准确呢？我们在使用过程中通过对各个环节分析，对各种不同原因的误差进行分析，采用相应改进方法加以改进，收到了很好的效果。

Abstract Although the direct-reading spectrometer can meet the needs of daily inspection, some problems and shortages will appear at the same time, such as unstable test results and large relative deviation sometimes, what can be done to make the spectrograph results more accurate? In the course of using, we analyze each link, analyzethe error of various reasons, and adopt the corresponding improvement method to improve, and get a good effect.关键词直读光谱仪；准确性；精准度；制样；维护在钢铁行业流行着这样一句话：“成分决定组织，组织决定性能”。

可见，成分是产品质量的保证，而只有产品质量有保证了，企业才能更好的发展。

我厂化验室现阶段检测各种钢铁成分采用的是直读光谱仪，利用原子发射光谱分析法，即原子外层受激发时发射出特征谱线对物质元素构成进行分析的一种方法[1]，以其分析速度快，精准度高，耗费低，操作简便且环保的优势，已替代传统的用化学药品方法对金属成分定量的检测。

怎样使用直读光谱仪介绍直读光谱仪是一种基于光谱分析原理的仪器，主要用于物质成分分析和质量控制。

本文将介绍怎样使用直读光谱仪。

步骤步骤一：准备在使用直读光谱仪前，需要开机预热，一般需要15~30分钟。

同时需要准备好待测试的样品，标准样品和样品秤等。

步骤二：校准校准直读光谱仪是使用前的必要步骤，校准过程需要使用标准样品。

校准步骤如下：1.打开直读光谱仪软件，选择标准样品。

2.将标准样品放入样品室，调整样品室位置，保证光线正常透过。

3.点击校准按钮，进行光谱校准，等待校准完成。

步骤三：测试样品校准完成后，可以进行样品测试。

样品测试步骤如下：1.打开直读光谱仪软件，选择样品类型。

2.选择样品，将其放入样品室，调整样品室位置。

3.点击测试按钮，进行光谱测试，等待测试完成。

步骤四：分析结果测试完成后，可以通过直读光谱仪软件进行分析和结果输出。

可视化的图像和数据结果可以为对样品检测提供直观的结果表现，更易于观察样品的成分构成等质量信息。

注意事项1.使用前要确保光谱仪处于正常工作状态，并且进行光谱校准，保证测试准确性。

2.在测试过程中，需要保持样品室环境干净，避免灰尘和杂质出现，影响测试结果。

3.在测试时，应注意控制样品使用量和状态，避免污染样品和测试仪器。

4.使用直读光谱仪前，需了解该仪器相关性能、测试方法、测试参数和数据分析方法等内容。

总结直读光谱仪是一种高精度的物质分析仪器，在质量控制和生产检测中起着重要作用。

使用它可以为样品检测提供更直观、更准确和更可信的结果。

掌握直读光谱仪的基本使用方法和注意事项，可以有效提高检测质量和准确性。

Tait Orca 5000 Handportable RadiosService ManualIssue 03September 2001IPN: M5000-00-102PrefaceEnquiries and CommentsIf you have any enquiries regarding this manual, or any comments, suggestions and notifications of errors, please contact Customer Support, Tait Electronics Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. Refer to / for more information.DisclaimerThere are no warranties extended or granted by this manual. Tait Electronics Ltd accepts no responsibility for damage arising from use of the information contained in the manual or of the equipment and software it describes. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that use of such information, equipment and software complies with the laws, rules and regulations of the applica-ble jurisdictions.Updating Equipment And ManualsIn the interests of improving performance, reliability or servicing, Tait Electronics Ltd reserve the right to update their equipment and/or manuals without prior notice.CopyrightAll information contained in this manual is the property of Tait Electronics Ltd. All rights are reserved. This manual may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translat-ed, stored, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, without prior written permission from Tait Electronics Limited. All trade names referenced are the service mark, trade-mark or registered trademark of the respective manufacturers.Publication HistoryIssue Publication Date Product Code Description01May 2001M5000-00-100First revision.02June 2001M5000-00-101New revision and cover.03September 2001M5000-00-102New revision (Section E).Contacting Tait Electronics LtdTo contact your nearest Tait Electronics regional office, refer to the Tait Website:/ii Preface09/01 IPN: M5000-00-10209/01 IPN: M5000-00-102iiiContentsPart A: IntroductionServicing Tait Orca 5000 handportables Servicing Tait Orca 5000 handportables .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................A-3A-3WWW technical support .....................................................................................................................A-3What does this manual contain? ..........................................................................................................A-3What is included in the calibration service kit? ....................................................................................A-3Programming kit ..................................................................................................................................A-4Conventions .........................................................................................................................................A-4The Tait Orca 5000 series of handportables The Tait Orca 5000 series of handportables ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................A-5A-5The Tait Product Code Scheme ............................................................................................................A-5Operating instructions .........................................................................................................................A-6Accessories ...........................................................................................................................................A-6Important information ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................A-10A-10Basic servicing precautions ................................................................................................................A-10Programming .....................................................................................................................................A-10Calibrating .........................................................................................................................................A-11Test facilities ......................................................................................................................................A-11Basic maintenance .............................................................................................................................A-11Part B: Radio specifications and circuit descriptionsRadio specifications Radio specifications ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................B-3General specifications........................................................................................................................... B-3Receiver performance........................................................................................................................... B-3Transmitter performance..................................................................................................................... B-4Tait Orca 5000 66-88MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications...................................... B-5Tait Orca 5000 136-174MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications.................................. B-6Tait Orca 5000 174-225MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications.................................. B-7Tait Orca 5000 336-400MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications.................................. B-8Tait Orca 5000 400-470MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications.................................. B-9Tait Orca 5000 450-530MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications................................ B-10Tait Orca 5000 806-870MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications................................ B-11Tait Orca 5000 896-941MHz. Conventional and Trunked Radio Specifications................................ B-12iv 09/01 IPN: M5000-00-102Circuit descriptions Circuit descriptions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................B-13B-13Transmitter ........................................................................................................................................B-13Transmit (Tx) audio ...........................................................................................................................B-13Receiver ..............................................................................................................................................B-13Receive (Rx) audio ..............................................................................................................................B-13Synthesiser and VCO ..........................................................................................................................B-14Power supplies ...................................................................................................................................B-14Accessory connector interface ............................................................................................................B-15Universal band versus wideband IF filtering ......................................................................................B-15Part C: Diagnostics and fault findingTest facilities Test facilities ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................C-3C-3Error codes ...........................................................................................................................................C-3Test commands..................................................................................................................................... C-5Calculating the parameters required for test command 101................................................................. C-7Fault finding charts Fault finding charts ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................C-8C-8Fault finding – Radio cannot be switched on .......................................................................................C-9Fault finding – Cannot change channel ..............................................................................................C-10Fault finding – No serial communication ...........................................................................................C-11Fault finding – Receive faults ..............................................................................................................C-12Fault finding – Cannot transmit .........................................................................................................C-13Fault finding – No transmit audio ......................................................................................................C-14Part D: Servicing the radioServicing the radio Servicing the radio ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................D-3Screw head types ..................................................................................................................................D-3Disassembling the radio Disassembling the radio ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................D-4Removing the front panel from the chassis ..........................................................................................D-4Removing the shield sub-assembly from the chassis ............................................................................D-5Removing the PCB from the chassis .....................................................................................................D-6Removing the rear panel ......................................................................................................................D-7Replacing key mechanicaland ancillary devices and ancillary devices ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................D-8Replacing the lens (Orca 5020, Orca 5035 and Orca 5040) ..................................................................D-8Replacing the PTT keypad ....................................................................................................................D-8Replacing the speaker ...........................................................................................................................D-9Replacing the LCD display (Orca 5020, Orca 5035 and Orca 5040) .....................................................D-909/01 IPN: M5000-00-102vReplacing the shield, user interface PCB assembly and polyester dome(Orca 5020, Orca 5035 and Orca 5040) ..............................................................................................D-12Replacing the antenna connector, channel selector switch and volume control switch .....................D-12Replacing the microphone .................................................................................................................D-12Replacing the battery and speaker contacts .......................................................................................D-12Replacing the tact switch ....................................................................................................................D-12Reassembling the radio Reassembling the radio .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................D-13D-13Rear panel reassembly and replacing the auxiliary flexible PCB ........................................................D-13Fitting the PCB to the chassis and replacing the RF out assembly ......................................................D-14Fitting the shield to the chassis ..........................................................................................................D-14Fitting the front panel to the chassis ..................................................................................................D-15Spares kits Spares kits .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................D-16D-16Orca 5010/5030 spares kit (TOPA-SP-401)....................................................................................... D-17Orca 5035 spares kit (TOPA-SP-402)................................................................................................. D-18Orca 5020/5040 spares kit (TOPA-SP-403)....................................................................................... D-19Orca 5010/5030 Re-skinning kit (TOPA-SP-404).............................................................................. D-20Orca 5035 Re-skinning kit (TOPA-SP-405)........................................................................................ D-20Orca 5020/5040 Re-skinning kit (TOPA-SP-406).............................................................................. D-20Orca 5020/5035/5040 User Interface PCB and Shield (TOPA-SP-407)............................................. D-20Part E: Battery packs and chargersBattery packs Battery packs ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................E-3Battery shift life .....................................................................................................................................E-3Disposing of used nickel-cadmium batteries .........................................................................................E-4Battery chargers Battery chargers ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................E-5Desktop fast charger Desktop fast charger ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................E-6Fast charger operation ..........................................................................................................................E-6Using the fast charger ............................................................................................................................E-9Repairing the fast charger ...................................................................................................................E-10Desktop trickle charger Desktop trickle charger ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................E-12Trickle charger operation ....................................................................................................................E-12Using the trickle charger .....................................................................................................................E-13Repairing the trickle charger ...............................................................................................................E-13Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................E-14vi 09/01 IPN: M5000-00-102Multi-charger Multi-charger .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................E-15E-15Multi-charger operation ......................................................................................................................E-15Repairing the multi-charger ................................................................................................................E-15Fuse replacement ................................................................................................................................E-16Part F: AccessoriesTait Orca 5000 Accessory Connector Tait Orca 5000 Accessory Connector ..................................................................................................................................................................................F-3Connecting an Accessory ......................................................................................................................F-3Connecting a Headset ............................................................................................................................F-6Accessory Connector Signal Descriptions .............................................................................................F-77.5 mm Accessory Adaptor 7.5 mm Accessory Adaptor ................................................................................................................................................................................................................F-9Tait Orca Vehicle Kit ...............................................................................................................F-11Product Codes .....................................................................................................................................F-11Installing a Vehicle Kit ........................................................................................................................F-11Vehicle Kit Operation ..........................................................................................................................F-11Vehicle Kit Specifications ....................................................................................................................F-13Servicing the Vehicle Kit .....................................................................................................................F-14Spares Kits ...........................................................................................................................................F-15Vehicle kit spares kit (TOPA-SP-301).................................................................................................. F-16Vehicle kit reskinning kit (TOPA-SP-302)........................................................................................... F-17Custom Modifications .........................................................................................................................F-18Vehicle Kit Circuit Descriptions ..........................................................................................................F-20Part G: Additional informationGlossary Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................G-3Tait Electronics Limited Software Licence Agreement Tait Electronics Limited Software Licence Agreement ..........................................................................................................................G-7A P A R T IntroductionThis part provides an introduction to servicing Tait Orca 5000 handportables. It includes an outline of the Tait Orca 5000 handportable range of products and precautions that should be taken before servicing Tait Orca 5000 handportables.Detailed servicing instructions and information about spare parts are found in Part D: Servicing the radio .ContentsServicing Tait Orca 5000 handportables Servicing Tait Orca 5000 handportables .....................................................................................................................................................................A-3A-3WWW technical support ......................................................................................A-3What does this manual contain? ...........................................................................A-3What is included in the calibration service kit? .....................................................A-3Programming kit ...................................................................................................A-4Conventions ..........................................................................................................A-4The Tait Orca 5000 series of handportables The Tait Orca 5000 series of handportables ......................................................................................................................................................A-5A-5Product codes ........................................................................................................A-5The Tait Orca Product Naming Convention .........................................................A-5Operating Instructions ..........................................................................................A-6Accessories ............................................................................................................A-6Important information Important information ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................A-11A-11Basic servicing precautions .................................................................................A-11Programming ......................................................................................................A-11Calibrating ..........................................................................................................A-11Test facilities .......................................................................................................A-11Basic maintenance ...............................................................................................A-12。

本原cspm5500说明书仪器简介：CSPM5500是本原纳米仪器有限公司于2008年8月研制成功的新一代扫描探针显微镜,其功能齐全、性能优越、运行稳定、使用方便，非常适合用户开展纳米研究工作。

技术参数：(1)国际主流的研究级专业仪器，集成原子力显微镜(AFM)，横向力显微镜(LFM)，扫描隧道显微镜(STM)(2)分辨率：原子力显微镜：横向0.2nm，垂直0.1nm（以云母晶体标定）扫描隧道显微镜：横向0.1nm，垂直0.01nm（以石墨晶体标定）(3)高精度计量型仪器，采用NanoSensors提供的可溯源于国际计量权威机构Physikalisch-TechnischeBundesanstalt(PTB)的标准样品进行校准(4)一键式快速全程全自动进样，无需手动预调，行程大于30mm，可容纳超大样品(5)两级可读数样品调节机构，可对样品进行精确的检测区域定位(6)一次扫描技术，图像分辨高达4096×4096物理象素，微米级扫描即可得到纳米级的实际信息(7)先进PID反馈算法实现快速高精度作用力控制，确保系统在高速扫描中稳定成像，实际扫描速度提升一个数量级(8)系统采用10M/100M快速以太网(FastEthernet10/100)或USB2.0与计算机连接(9)主控机箱前面板具有16×4液晶显示屏，系统当前状态实时显示(10)具备实时在线三维图像显示功能，便于用户在检测过程中随时直观获得样品信息主要特点：(1)标准配置：原子力显微镜(AFM)：包括接触、轻敲、相移成像(PhaseImaging)等多种工作模式横向力显微镜(LFM)：具有摩擦力回路曲线、摩擦力载荷曲线、摩擦力恒载荷曲线等摩擦学性能分析测量功能扫描隧道显微镜(STM)：包括恒流模式、恒高模式、I-V曲线、I-Z曲线等曲线测量分析功能：力-距离曲线、振幅-距离曲线、相移-距离曲线等(2)选配功能：纳米加工：包括图形刻蚀模式、压痕/机械刻画、矢量扫描模式、DPN 浸润笔模式等；磁力显微镜/静电力显微镜；环境控制扫描探针显微镜；液相扫描探针显微镜；导电原子力显微镜；扫描探针声学显微镜；扫描开尔文探针显微镜；扫描电容显微镜；压电力显微镜。

直读光谱仪操作说明书文件编号LM-QC-SOP-01/A0生效日期2019.03.011.目的：规范直读光谱仪的操作，避免因操作失误引起事故，延长设备使用寿命。

2.范围：适用公司公司实验室直读光谱仪的操作说明。

3.操作权限3.1经培训合格的指定人员操作4.使用说明4.1仪器指标项目指标检测基体Fe、Al、Cu、Zn 等多种基体合金的成分测量检测时间视样品类型而定，一般 40s 左右光学系统帕型－龙格波长范围140～680)nm工作电源(220±20)V AC，(50±1)Hz，保护性接地的单相电源EMC IEC6100-4-2，IEC6100-4-4，IEC6100-4-5工作温度 (10～30)℃存储温度(0～45)℃工作湿度 (20～80)％氩气纯度要求 99.999%氩气进口压力 0.5MPa氩气流量激发流量约 3.5L/min，维持流量约 0.4L/min，待机流量约 0.1L/min尺寸长 702mm，宽 603mm，高 425mm重量约 80kg激发最大功率 400W待机平均功率100W光源类型可编程脉冲数字光源放电频率最高 1000 Hz放电电流最大 400A引燃点火脉冲(1～14)kV火花激发脉冲 (20～230)V电弧激发脉冲 (20～60)V激发台孔径 13mm4.2仪器组成4.2.1 M5000 直读光谱仪由光源、激发台、光学系统、数采系统等组成，4.2.2 仪器部件说明4.4电路连接根据稳压器说明书上的说明将稳压器接入供电电网，稳压器的输出连接多用插排。

要求接线插排能承受至少 10A 电流并且内部地线完好。

确定仪器开关处于关闭状态下，连接电源线和网线。

网线另一端连接到 PC 机，将打印机等设备同时连接到 PC 机的接口，插接 PC 机和打印机电源。

将仪器与 PC 机连接起来，建议使用仪器自带以太网线，连接方式如图所示。

正面图背面图4.4气路连接示意图4.5工作环境要求4.5.1作空间，附近应无有害、易燃及腐蚀性的气体，不要与化学分析放在一起，保证至少十平方米以上空间。

M5000直读光谱仪操作规程一：范围1.1 适用于M5000直读光谱仪的操作和维护，规定了M5000直读光谱仪使用的适用范围、操作步骤以及作业过程中的注意事项。

二：准备工作2.1检查极距；2.2开机时请先打开Power电源开关，然后打开Source电源开关；2.3在操作软件的信息栏查看光室温度温度显示为：主光室(34±0.2)℃，紫外光室(34±0.2) ℃，即为仪器正常（S 型仪器只有主光室）。

；2.4用鼠标点击软件界面“工具栏”中的“开氩气”按钮，对仪器进行充氩；2.5样品制备规格：厚度≮2mm≯50mm，长宽45mm*45mm(±3mm)表面不得有麻坑，和锈蚀和影响导电的污物等；分析面需用车床车平或铣床进行表面处理，粗糙度6.3；如果是铸铁样品，必须正确白口化。

三：谱线匹配校正3.1在仪器主界面中点击仪器参数→谱线匹配校正，点击“激发标样…”按钮；3.2将光谱校正样品表面打磨平整，放置在激发台上，并用样品夹压紧，放置时需保证样品完全遮住激发孔；3.3点击“激发谱线校正样品”，此时仪器开始激发谱线校正样品，并采集光谱数据。

激发三次谱线校正样品，每次激发前样品需重新放置，以保证各次激发点不重叠；3.4激发完成后，观察各CCD三次激发的光谱是否一致，并再次检查激发的样品是否是谱线校正样品。

若三次激发的光谱偏差较大，或发现激发的样品不是谱线校正样品，则点击“退出”，回到步骤3.1。

否则点击“确定”进入下一步骤；3.5回到光谱校正界面，点击“光谱校正”按钮，软件会根据当前激发的光谱数据自动校正谱线漂移；3.6校正成功后软件会弹出“谱线校正全部成功”提示框。

点击“确定”完成整个谱线匹配校正过程。

若谱线校正失败会弹出“谱线匹配校正失败”提示框，点击“确定”退出谱线匹配校正界面，重新校正；3.7点击“确定”本次校正生效。

四：类别标准化（须在管理员权限下进行）4.1在仪器主界面中点击仪器参数→类别配置→类别标准化进入类别标准化界面，选中需要标准化的类别，点击“激发样品”按钮进入激发类别样品界面。

直读光谱仪技术规格及要求一.设备概况1.名称：直读光谱仪2.数量：2台3. 要求◆技术性能(精度、灵敏度、检出限、动态范围、稳定性)先进,特点突出，能够代表当今世界最新科技水平◆可靠性高,故障率低,使用成本低◆设备的实用性强,人性化设计，易操作,易维护◆自动化程度高◆能够定量分析钢中酸溶铝（Al S）和酸不溶铝（Al ins）◆从微量到高含量都可实现高精度快速分析◆分析低碳、低硫的精密度高◆工厂预校准◆销售业绩好,特别是在钢铁和有色行业（24小时连续工作的场合）◆设备的稳定性好（每周再校准不超过一次，每班类型标准化不超过一次）,能适应恶劣的现场环境条件◆有完善的售后服务体系(维修和技术支持),用户反映良好◆性能价格比合理二．应用目的直读光谱仪主要用于普碳钢、碳素结构钢，中低合金钢、铁水等材料的化学成分析。

三．直读光谱仪配置、技术规格1．波长范围：120～850nm2．分析基体：Fe基3．光谱室设计：光栅焦距≥500mm，Paschen－Runge装置，真空型或冲氮型，有减振措施4．光谱室局部恒温，温控精度±0.1℃5．数字化固态光源，光源参数通过软件可调6．分析不同基体，火花室无记忆效应，样品尺寸可小至Φ3mm7．可进行相分析（Al、Ca、Ti）8．分析通道及定量范围(27个分析元素30个通道),见表1C为2个通道，Mn为2个通道，其它分析元素各为1个通道。

9．外接计算机：PⅣ1.6G Processor/128MB RAM/40G HD/48×CD-ROM/3.5″1.44MB diskette drive/17″CRT Video Screen/Windows 2000/E操作系统/Dot Matrix Printer/101标准键盘8.软件包括分析软件，校准软件，数据库管理软件主要功能：●Graphical user interface through HTML pages and internet Explorer●未知样品的常规分析●通过软件快捷方式，迅速进入分析程序●自动分析程序选择●多变量回归，用于确定校正曲线●外部结果的手动输入●灵活的结果显示和打印●质量检查和质量分类●结果贮存和和简单的后处理，输出到Excel，Lotus等●结果调用和更新●在线基本SPC仪器控制●仪器标准化●类型标准化●通过仪器警报和状态图显示仪器控制结果●灵活的样品定义●用户权限的密码保护●软件和仪器配置工具●多种通讯方式●接收外部燃烧分析仪结果9. 预校准分析程序以下工作曲线由供方在工厂用国际标准样品进行绘制。

直读光谱仪原理直读光谱仪是一种用于分析物质光谱特性的仪器，它能够对物质的光谱进行快速、准确的测量，被广泛应用于化学、生物、环境等领域。

其原理主要基于光的衍射和干涉现象，下面将详细介绍直读光谱仪的原理。

首先，直读光谱仪通过入射光线照射样品，样品会对入射光线进行散射和吸收。

散射光和吸收光的波长和强度会发生变化，这种变化就是样品的光谱特性。

直读光谱仪利用光栅、棱镜或干涉仪等光学元件，将散射和吸收光线进行分散和分离，然后通过光电探测器对各个波长的光线进行检测和记录。

其次，光栅是直读光谱仪中常用的光学元件之一，它能够将入射光线分散成不同波长的光线。

光栅的原理是利用光的衍射现象，当入射光线照射到光栅上时，会发生衍射，不同波长的光线会以不同的角度被衍射出来，形成光谱。

光栅的衍射角度和波长之间存在一定的关系，通过调节光栅的角度和间距，可以实现对不同波长的光线进行分散和分离。

另外，直读光谱仪中的光电探测器起着至关重要的作用，它能够将光信号转换成电信号，并对不同波长的光线进行精确的检测和记录。

常见的光电探测器有光电二极管（PMT）、光电倍增管（PMT）等，它们能够实现对光信号的快速、高灵敏度的检测，从而得到样品的光谱特性。

最后，直读光谱仪的原理还包括数据处理和分析。

通过对光电探测器采集到的光谱数据进行处理和分析，可以得到样品的吸收光谱、散射光谱等信息，进而实现对样品的成分、浓度、结构等特性的分析和判定。

总之，直读光谱仪是一种基于光的衍射和干涉原理，利用光栅、光电探测器等光学元件对样品的光谱特性进行测量和分析的仪器。

它具有快速、准确、高灵敏度的特点，被广泛应用于化学、生物、环境等领域，并在科研、生产等方面发挥着重要作用。