(第一章——第四章)

公共部门人力资源管理同步自测与解答第一章至第四章一、选择题（每题至少有一个答案是正确的，多选或者少选均不能得分）1．公共部门人力资源损耗主要表现在（）。

A.制度性损耗B.人事管理损耗C.后续投资损耗D.无形的损耗2．传统公共部门人力资源管理的主要特点是（）。

A.是一种以控制为导向的消极的管理B.强调效率价值的优先性C.强调公务员的工具角色，强调严格的规划和程序D.重视监督的控制，强调集中性的管理3．人力资源的可再生性主要体现在( )。

A.对人力资源的使用或消费实际上是对知识资源的消费，知识资源可被反复利用B.人力资源具有主动补充和更新知识资源的天性C.在正常情况下，人力资源的边际产量收入总是大于其边际支出D.意味着人力资源是一种低投入高产出、并能使拥有者长期受益的特殊资源4．政府在人力资源开发与管理的过程中，必须坚定的确立起（）的管理理念和战略指导原则。

A.科学发展B.和谐发展C.持续发展D.以人为本5．（）的创始人，美国经济学家，诺贝尔奖金获得者舒尔茨提出：人类的未来不是由耕地、空间、能源所决定的，人类的未来是由人类的智慧所决定的。

A. 信息经济理论B. 人力资本理论C. 知识经济理论D. 人力资源理论6．第一个公认的现代人事管理部门──1902年在（）现金出纳公司设立的劳工部门，它的工作内容包括工资行政、诉怨、雇用工作情况和工作改善等。

A.英国B.美国C.德国D.比利时7．下列关于《中华人民共和国公务员法》说法正确的是（）。

A是我国第一部属于干部人事管理总章程性质的重要法律B标志着我国公务员制度建设进入了新的阶段C完善了我国的人事管理制度，使我国的公务员法律体系完整、成熟D在我国干部人事制度发展史上具有里程碑意义8．人力资源研究劳工管理阶段的核心思想是（）。

A 人们主要关心友谊、尊重、温情这些社会需要B 人天生是懒惰的C人的天性就是厌恶劳动而贪图安逸D 主张采用物质引诱的办法引诱人与事结合9．我国古代社会中按官职高低授予不同政治待遇以表明官员等级尊卑的制度是（）。

文件-1-英美文学（第一章-第四章）练习第一部分：Exercises of the First Part of the British Literature Section One: Multiple-choice questions1. “Upon a great adventure he was bond, / That greatest Gloriana to him gave.” These two lines are taken from[A] Milton's Samson Agonistes [B] Spenser's The Faerie Queene[C] Beowulf [D] Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard2. "O prince, O chief of many throned powers,That led th' embattled Seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deedsFearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King. "In the first line of the above passage quoted from Milton's Paradise Lost, the phrase "O prince, O chief of many throned powers” refers to________.[A] Satan [B] God [C] Adam [D] Eve3. Shakespeare claims through the mouth of Hamlet that the "end" of the dramatic creation is to give ________ of the social realities of the time.[A] faithful reflection [B] instructive representation[C] imaginative narration [D] allegorical description4. Humanists of the Renaissance turned to the spirit of ________ culture for inspiration.[A] Anglo-Saxon [B] Italian and French[C] Greeek and Roman [D] medieval5. Paradise Lost is composed in blank verse, which permits the ________ Milton needed for his subject.[A] epic grandeur [B] narrative sweep[C] descriptive subtlety [D] intellectual grasp6. Donne?s famous analogy of parting lovers to a drawing compass affords a prime example of________[A] dramatic style [B] exaggeration[C] paradox [D] conceit7. ________ is a study of the lust for wealth, which centers on Barabas, the Jew, a terrible old money lender.[A] The Jew of Malta [B] The Merchant of V enice[C] Tamburlaine the Great [D] The Tempest8. In his conception of tragedy, Marlowe perceived that tragic action must issue from, and be reflected in, ________.[A] the Renaissance hero [B] endless aspiration for knowledge[C] the individual [D] human dignity and capacity9. In The Faerie Queene, the Red Cross Knight, who stands for true religion of ________ , sets out on the orders of Queen of Faerie, who represents ________.[A] the Anglican Church, Queen Elizabeth [B] the Roman Catholic Church, Pope[C] Christianity, Christ [D] humanism, divine truth10. What figure of speech is used in the lines: "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, / And summer's lease too short a date"?[A] Simile [B] Metonymy[C] Personification [D] Hyperbole11. The underlined part in "My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, / The penalty and forfeit of my bond. " (from TF, chant of V enice) means ________.[A] What is done can't be undone [B] Let me responsible for what I do[C] I would give anything for fulfilling my bond [D] I deservewhat I demand12. The line "When we have shuffled off this mortal coil" be, or not to be" soliloquy means________.[A] when we have got rid of this coil that is doomed to die[B] when we have unloaded this heavy burden like a coil[C] when we have taken off this coat made of coils[D] when we are relived from the trouble of mortal life wound around us like coils13. What does the word "humour" mean in the following quotation from "Of Studies": "to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of “a scholar”?[A] funniness [B] Wit[C]character [D] A sudden whim14. The Spenserian stanza is a group of eight lines of iambic pentameter followed by a six-stress line, with a rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.[A] trochaic [B] iambic[C] anapestic [D] dactylic15. In Satan?s speech: …if he, whom mutual league, / United : thoughts and .counsels, equal hope / And hazard in the glorious enterprise, /.joined with me once . . . " What does "the glorious enterprise refer to?[A] The former scheme to overthrow God.[B] stealing the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil[C] Finding means of evil out of good.[D] corrupting Adam and Eve.16. What is the tone in the following lines: " Saucy pedantic .go wretch, go chide / Late school-boys, and sour prentices"?[A] Ironic [B] Sarcastic [C]Humorous [D] Understated17. In the best metaphysical poetry, feeling and ________ fuse in an image that is alwaysingenious and appropriate, though it may be disconcerted at first in the shock of bringing incongruities together.[A] imagery [B] conceit [C] thought [D] colloquialism18. The sonnet "Death Be Not Proud" is written in the strict______ pattern. It reveals the poet's belief that _________.[A] Shakespearean, death is only a sleep, after which we live eternally[B] Petrarchan, death is but momentary while hal v death is eternal[C] Elizabethan, death is not as strong as people think he is[D] Portuguese, death is like a long sleep that offer, for the soul19. In the line "And every fair from fair sometime decline Shakespeare's Sonnet 18), what does the first and second “fair” mean?[A] Light complexion; beauty. [B] Loveliness; beautiful women.[C] The beautiful person or thing; beauty. [D] Sound reason; justice.20. In the court scene of The Merchant of V enice, when says to Shylock: "We all expect a gentle answer, Jew. punning on the word "gentle". He means a merciful but also means ______.[A] an amiable and tender answer [B] a noble answer[C] a Gentile's as opposed to a Jew's answer [D] a generous answer21. In his "T o be, or not to be" soliloquy, Hamlet gives the why he wants to commit suicide. Apart from his personal revenge, that he________ is another reason.[A] is unable to restore his earlier idealized image of his mother[B] thinks the next world is far better than this one[C] is mentally tormented by his father's words[D] cannot bear the social injustice and grievances22. By advancing the theory of＿＿＿＿＿, Bacon shows the empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists.[A] inductive reasoning [B] deductive reasoning[C] education [D] scientific experimentation23. The central figure of Tamburlaine, the Great represents for infinite _________.[A] knowledge and happiness [B] power and authority[C] ambition and conquest [D] success and adventure24. The shepherd's Calender set the ________ fashion in English literature, and inaugurated the great 16th century.[A] rustic [B] ornate [C] rustic [D] pastoral25. In King Leur, Shakespeare has shown to us the two-fold exerted by the feudalisi corruption and __________ gradually corroded the ordered society.[A] Anarchy and rebellion [B] supernatural forces[C] super natural forces [D] tyranny[B] power and authority success and adventure fashion in English lyrical poetry of the lastSection T wo(Reading comprehension)1.So pure and innocent, as that same lambe,She was in life and every vertuous lore,And by descent from royall lynage cameOf ancient Kings and Queenes, that had of yoreTheir scepters stretcht from east to westerne shore,And all the world in their subjection held;Till that infernall feend with foule uproreForwasted all their land, and them expeld;Whom to avenge, she had this knight from far compeld. " Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem.B. What does "this knight" refer to?C. What idea does the quotation express?2. "Within this circle is Jehovah's nameForward and backward anagrammatized,The breviated names of holy saints,Figures of every adjunct to the heavensAnd characters of signs and erring stars,By which the spirits are enforced to rise. " Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B. Who does "Jehovah" refer to?C. What idea does the quotation express?2."Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought;And enterprises of great pith and moment,With this regard, their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action. "Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B. Who is the speaker of the quoted passage?C. What idea does the quotation express?4."Some men there are love not a gaping pig,Some that are mad if they behold a cat,And others, when bagpipe sings i' th' nose,Cannot contain their urine for affection,Mistress of passion, sways it to the moodOf what it likes or loathes. "Questions:A. the author and the work.B. Who is the speaker of the quoted passage?C. What idea does the quotation express?5. “If her eyes have not blinded thine,Look, and tomorrow late, tell me,Whether both the Indias of spice and mineBe where thou left'st them, or lie here with me.Ask for those kings whom thou saw'st yesterday,And thou shalt hear, all here in one bed lay. "Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem.B. What does the word "thou" in the last line of the quotation refer to?C. What idea does the quotation express?Section T wo Questions and answers1. Make a brief analysis of the "quality of mercy" speech by Portia,.Merchant of V enice, and try to explain why it is regarded most famous speech in the play.2. Make a brief comment on the theme of Paradise Lost.3. Make a brief summary of the historical and cultural background to English Renaissance.4. Make a brief analysis of "Death, Be Not Proud".5. What is Francis Bacon's contribution to English literature?Section Four (Topic discussion)1. Comment on Hamlet's inaction.2. What are the main characteristics of metaphysical poetry?英美文学第二阶段（新古典主义时期）综合练习II. ExercisesA. Multiple-choice questions :(Each of the statements below by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets . )1. In field of literature, the Enlightenment brought about a(n) _________the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.A. revived interest inB. antagonism againstC. rebellion againstD. rational scrutiny of2. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress is a ( n ) _________.A. allegoryB. romanceC. comedy of mannersD. realistic novel3. As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope's _________.A. An Essay on CriticismB. The DunciadC. The Rape of the LockD. "Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot"4. In lines "With gold jewels cover every part, /And hide with ornamentstheir want of art", Pope rejects _________.A. the "Follow Nature" fallacyB. artificialityC. aesthetic orderD. good taste5.Which of the following is NOT a typical aspect of________ Defoe'slanguage?A. Vernacular.B. Colloquial.C. Elegant.D. Smooth.6. "He has a servant called Friday". "He" in the quoted sentence is acharacter in ________.A. Gulliver's TravelsB. Tom JonesC. Robinson CrusoeD. The Rape of the Lock7. Which of the following is a typical feature of Swift's writings?A. Great wit.B. Bitter satire.C. Rich mythic allusions.D. Complicated sentence structures8. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput","Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. The Fairie QueeneC. Gulliver's travelsD. The School for scandel9. "Of all the 18th-century novelists, he was the first to set out, both in theoryand practice, to write specifically a `comic epic in prose' , the first to givethe modern novelists " structure and style. In the above sentence, "he"refers to ________.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Daniel DefoeC. Samuel RichardsonD. Henry Fielding10. "The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero's origin. " Thisnovel is most probably________.A. David CopperfieldB. The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingC. Wuthering HeightsD. The Vicar of the Wakefield11. "To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge." T he above sentence is presented in a ( n ) ________ tone.A. ironicB. indifferentC. delightfulD. jealousy12. The ________ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. RomanticismB. HumanismC. EnlightenmentD. Sentimentalism13. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Richard B. SheridanC. Laurence SterneD. Henry Fielding14. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light, So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit; For works may have more wit than does ?em good As bodies perish through excess of blood. " In the above lines, Pope tries to say that ________.A. more wit will make better poetryB. plainness is more important than wit in poetryC. too much wit will destroy good poetryD. plainness will make wit dull15. Fielding's method of presentation, namely________, enables him to write inthe fullest, freest, clearest and most straight-forward manner and also makes it possible for him to add explanations in places when necessary.A. telling the story through a series of lettersB. telling the story through the mouth of the principal characterC. the author acting as the narratorD. revealing the story through a framework16. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the form of a mock________ , which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.A. epicB. elegyC. sonnetD. ode17. Defoe's Robinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprising Englishman,typical of the English bourgeoisie in the________ century.A. 17thB. 19thC. 18thD. 20th18. In The Pilgrim's Progress , John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a________ tone.A. delightfulB. solemnC. sentimentalD. satirical19. Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literaryworks should be judged by ________ rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. classicalB. romanticC. sentimentalD. allegorical20. Of all the 18th-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, bothin theory and practice, to write specifically a "_______ in prose", the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragi-comicB. comic epicC. romanceD. romantic epic21. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Samuel Johnson'slanguage style?A. His sentences are long and well structured.B. His sentences are interwoven with parallel phrases.C. He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D. His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. .22. The School for Scandal, one of the great classics in English drama, is a________ on the moral degeneracy of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th-century England.A. high praiseB. sharp satireC. great ironyD. bitter lament23. In "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" , Thomas Gray comparesthe common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commo nscould have achieved if they had had the________.A. loveB. chanceC. moneyD. material wealth24. In his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy________ and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.A. middle-class peopleB. working peopleC. Irish farmersD. aristocrats25. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, Awaits alike the inevitable hour. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. "In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power, beauty and wealth ________.A. will never make people lead to the same destina tion-paths of gloryB. will inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsC. are the very best things to lead people to their gloriesD. will never prevent people from reaching their final destination-graveB. Blank-filling: (Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase. )1. The Neoclassical Period is also known as the Age of Enlighten ment or the Ageof ________.2. Modern English novel is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and asymbol of the growing importance of the English ________ class.3. Joseph Andrews was first intended as a burlesque of the dubious morality andfalse sentimentality of Richardson's ________.4. As a lexicographer, Johnson distinguished himself as theauthor of the firstEnglish________.5. ________ was the only important English dramatist of the eighteenthcentury. His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal , are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.6. Jonathan Swift's ________ is generally regarded as a model of the best satirenot only in this time but also in the whole English literary history.7. The Pilgrim's Progress, which describes a Christian's journey to the CelestialCity, is a well-known religious ________.8. Henry Fielding was the first 18th century writer to try to realize, both intheory and practice, “________ the modern novel its structure and style. 9. In "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", Gray reflects on - with a touchof his personal melancholy.10. Bunyan's style was modeled after that of the English________, with concreteand living language and carefully observed and vividly presented details.C. T-F statements: (Decide whether the following statements are true or falseand write your answers in the brackets. )( ) 1. Samuel Richardson is regarded as the first writer of the English novel of character.( ) 2.The Pilgrim's Progress is one of the most popular piecesof Christian writing produced during the Romantic Age.( ) 3. The Enlightenment was a progressive working-class movement throughoutWestern Europe in the 18th century.allegory.( ) 5. Alexander Pope strongly advocated Romanticism, emphasizing the special qualities of each individual's mind.( ) 6.Jonathon Swift was the most remarkable satirist in the 18th century who criticized the new bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age without mercy.( ) 7.In contrast to his contemporary writers, Thomas Gray'literary output was small.( ) 8. In The Pilgrim's Progress, the Celestial City stands for Heaven or the kingdom of God.( ) 9.In The Rape of the Lock Pope bemoans the fate of the lords and ladies in the aristocratic bourgeois society.( ) 10. Unlike Pope, Samuel Johnson is seldom didactic and never tries to moralize in his writings.D. Works-author pairing-up.l. The Castle of Otranto A. John Bunyan2. The Mysteries of UdUdolpho B. Alexander Pope3. The Pilgrim's Progress C. Jonathan Swift4. The Rape of the Lock D. Henry Fielding5. Robinson Crusoe E. Horace Walpole6. Gulliver's Travels F. Richard B. Sheridan7. The History of T om Jones, G. Ann Radcliffea Foundling H. Thomas Gray8. The Lives of Poets I. Daniel Defoe9. The School for Scandal J. Samuel Johnson10. "Elegy Written in a countryChurchyard"E. Define the literary terms listed below:1. The Enlightenment2. The Gothic Novel3. Neoclassicism4. The Heroic CoupletF. Reading comprehension:( For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it . )1. "Here is the Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her merchandise is greatly promoted in this fair: only our English nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. "2. "True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,What oft was thought, but ne'er so well expressed;Something whose truth convinced at sight we find,That gives us back the image of our mind. "3. "`Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?"'G. Questions: (For each of the following questions you are asked to give abrief answer, explaining what you know about it. You should write no more than 100 words for each answer, and, therefore, concen trate on those essential points. )1. What are the artistic features of Thomas Gray's poetry?2. What is the theme of Sheridan's The School for Scandal ?3. What are the features of Swift's prose?H. Essay questions: ( In this part you are asked to write a short essay on eachof the giv en topics. You should write no more than 150 words on each one.Therefore, you should concentrate on those most important Points. try your best to be logical in your essay, and keep your writing clear and tidy. )1. Comment on the features of "comic epic in prose" in the selected reading ofTom Jones.2. Comment on the rope-dances and the leaping and creeping games described inGulliver?s Travels.3. Comment on the theme and images of "Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard".E. Define the literary terms listed below:1. The Enlightenment2. The Gothic Novel3. Neoclassicism4. The Heroic Couplet浪漫主义时期文学Exercises IIII. Multiple-choice questions1. The two major English novelists produced in the Romantic Age are_______.[A] Byron and Shelley [B] Wordsworth and Coleridge[C] Scott and Austen [D] Lamb and Hazlitt2. "And because I am happy and dance and sing, / They think they havedone me no injury, /And are gone to praise God and his priest and king, / Who make up a heaven of our misery. The above four lines are taken from_______.[A] Song of Experience [B] Song of Innocence[C] Poetical Sketches [D] Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard3. _______ is central to Blake's concern in his Songs of Innocence andSongs of Experience .[A] Politics [B] Religion[C] Childhood [D] Manhood4. Which of the following statements about Wordsworth is NOT true?[A] He is regarded as a "worshipper of nature".[B] He thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest.[C] His deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry.[D] He changes the course of English poetry by using allusive speech of thelanguage.5. Coleridge's actual achievement as a poet can be divided into tworemarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational. Which one of the following poems belongs to the conversational group? [A] The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. [B] Christabel.[C] Kubla Khan. [D] Frost at Midnight.6. Which of the following words is NOT appropriate to describe thecharacteristic features of the "Byronic hero"?[A] Proud. [B] Mysterious.[C] Rebellious. [D] Pious.7. In the conversation with Mrs. Bennet in Chapter One of Pride andPrejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a teasing tone and_______ humor.[A] ironic [B] joyous[C] black [D] sarcastic8. Which of the following works i s NOT a poetic drama written by Byron?[A] The Prisoner of Chillon [B] Manfred[C] Childe Harold's Pilgrimage[D] Don Juan9. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of agood fortune must be in want of a wife. " This sentence is presented in a(n) _______tone.[A] ironic [B] indifferent[C] delightful [D] Jealousy10. Which of the following works is an elegy written by Shelley?[A] Adonais[B] Lycidas[C] Isabella [D] Queen Mab11. In the poem "She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways" ending lines golike this: "But she is in her grave, and, Oh. The difference to me!" Theword "me" in the quoted line probably refer to _______.[A] the poet [B ] the reader[C] her lover [D] her father12. In the early 19th-century England, the heavily exploited workersexpressed themselves in the popular outbreaks of machine-breaking known as the ______ riots.[A] Chartist [B] Peterloo[C] Enclosure [D] Luddite13. "Those ungrateful drones who would/Drain your sweat—nay, drink yourblood?" The word "drones" in the above two 1ines written by Shelley is used as a(n) ______. .[A] irony [B] metaphor[C] metonymy [D] synecdoche14. In his poem, "Ode to the West Wind", Shelley intends to present hiswind as a central______ around which the poet weaves various cycles of death and rebirth.[A] synecdoche [B] symbol[C] simile [ D] metonymy15. Byron's "Song for the Luddites" contains three five-lined stanzas of______ movement. The rimes in each stanza are abba .[A] iambic [B] anapestic[C] trochee [D] dactylic16. Byron's masterwork, Don Juan , is based on the _______.[A] Bible [B] Greek myth[C] Roman myth [D] Spanish legend17.. "The Isles of Greece" is among Byron's most effective poeticalutterances on national freedom and consists of sixteen six-lined stanzas of_______ tetrameter, with a rime scheme of ababcc. All the 16 stanzas are supposed to have been sung by a Greek singer at the wedding feast of Don Juan and Haidee.[A] iambic [B] anapestic[C] trochee [D] dactylic18. In Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790), the word "marriage" , to Blake,means the _______. .[A] subordination of the one to the other[B] co-existence of the conflicting parts[C1 fighting of the conflicting parts[D] reconciliation of the contraries19. Wordsworth defines poetry as " the spontaneous overflow of powerfulfeelings, which originates in emotion recollected in_______.[A ] memory [B] observation[C] tranquility [D1 nature20. The stanza Shelley invents for this Ode to the West Wind is a highlycomplicated fusion of the sonnet and of _______ rima, with no division into octave and sestet. Shelley's rhyme scheme :or his stanzas may be. represented as aba bcb cdc ded ee.[A] free [B] end[C] internal [D] terza21. The poetic view of _______ can be best understood from his remarkabout poetry: " all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. "[A] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [B] John Keats[C] William Wordsworth [D] Percy Bysshe Shelley.22. By contrasting the freedom of the ancient Greece ard the enslavement ofthe present Greece in "The Isles of Greece appealed to the Greek people to fight for _______.[ A ] love [B] happiness[C] peace [D] liberty23. Most of the important issues explored in the novel, Pride and Prejudice ,are presented from the _______ viewpoint.[A] masculine [B] objective[C] feminine [D] neutral24. In the conversation with Mrs. Bennet in Chapter One of Pride andPrejudice , Mr. Bennet uses a_______ tone and sarcastic humor.[A] solemn [B] harsh[C] intimate [D] teasing25. "And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills Where blossomedmany an incense-bearing tree; And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. "The above lines are probably taken from _______.[A] Wordsworth's "The Solitary Reaper"[B] Blake's "The Chimney Sweeper"[C] Coleridge's "Kubla Khan"[D] Keats's "Ode on an Grecian Urn"II.. 阅读理解题(Reading comprehension)1."Wherefore, Bees of England, forge /many a weapon, chain, andscourge,That these stingless drones may spoil?。

北师大版2024—2025学年八年级上册数学期中考试模拟试卷（测试范围:第一章~第四章）考生注意：本试卷共三道大题，25道小题，满分120分，时量120分钟注意事项:1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、学号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，将答案填写在答题卡上对应题目的序号上，答案写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第II卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.测试范围:第一章~第四章(北师大版)。

5.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷一、选择题（每题只有一个正确选项，每小题3分，满分30分）1、下列四个数中，是无理数的是（）A．3.14B．C．D．2、在平面直角坐标系中，点（3，﹣4）在（）A．第一象限B．第二象限C．第三象限D．第四象限3、下列表示的图象，y不是x的函数的是（）A．B．C．D．4、估算的值在（）A．1和2之间B．2和3之间C．3和4之间D．4和5之间5、已知3m＝a，3n＝b，那么32m+n等于（）A．2ab B．a2+b C．a2b D．a﹣b6、以下列各组数为边长的三角形中，是直角三角形的是（）A．0.3，0.4，0.5B．5，6，11C．2，，D．4，5，67、一次函数y＝7x﹣3的图象不经过的象限是（）A．第一象限B．第二象限C．第三象限D．第四象限8、在Rt△ABC中，∠C＝90°，AC＝2，BC＝4，则点C到斜边AB的距离是（）A．B．2C．D．9、在同一坐标系中，函数y＝kx与y＝2x﹣k的大致图象是（）A．B．C．D．10、已知点和点是直线y＝（k﹣2）x+b（0＜k＜2）上的两个点，则m，n的大小关系是（）A．m＜n B．m＞n C．m＝n D．不能确定二、填空题（每小题3分，满分18分）11、在平面直角坐标系内，点M（﹣9，12）到y轴的距离是．12、若二次根式有意义，则a的取值范围是．13、一个直角三角形的两边长是3和4，那么第三边的长是．14、比较大小：（填“＞、＜、或＝”）．15、已知函数y＝（k﹣3）x|k|﹣2+6是一次函数，则k＝．16、如图，正方形ABCD的边长是12，E，F，G分别是BC，CD，BD上的点，已知BE＝8，DF＝9，求三角形EFG周长的最小值．第II卷北师大版2024—2025学年八年级上册数学期中考试模拟试卷（答题卡）考生注意：本试卷共三道大题，25道小题，满分120分，时量120分钟姓名：____________ 学号：_____________准考证号：___________11、_______ 12、______13、_______ 14、______15、_______ 16、______三、解答题（17、18、19题每题6分，20、21每题8分，22、23每题9分，24、25每题10分，共计72分，解答题要有必要的文字说明）17、计算：﹣+（﹣1）+2．18、已知：x﹣6和3x+14是a的两个不同的平方根，2y+2是a的立方根．（1）求x，y，a的值；（2）求1﹣4x的算术平方根．19、已知y+1与x﹣1成正比，且当x＝3时y＝﹣5，请求出y关于x的函数表达式．20、已知．（1）求a的值；（2）若a、b分别为一直角三角形的斜边长和一直角边长，求另一条直角边的长度．21、平面直角坐标系中，已知点M（m+2，m﹣5）．（1）若点M在x轴上，求点M坐标；（2）若点M在第二、四象限的角平分线上，求点M坐标；（3）在同一平面直角坐标系中，点A（4，6），且AM∥y轴，求点M坐标．22、如图，把一张长方形纸片ABCD折叠起来，使其对角顶点A与C重合，D与G重合，若长方形的长BC为8，宽AB为4，求：（1）DE的长；（2）求阴影部分△GED的面积．23、某工厂计划生产甲、乙两种产品共2500吨，每生产1吨甲产品可获得利润0.3万元，每生产1吨乙产品可获得利润0.4万元．设该工厂生产了甲产品x（吨），生产甲、乙两种产品获得的总利润为y（万元）．（1）求y与x之间的函数表达式（不需要写出自变量取值范围）；（2）根据市场调研发现，甲产品需求量吨数范围是1000≤x≤1200．求出该工厂生产甲、乙两种产品各为多少吨时，能获得最大利润．24、如图，在△ABC中，AB＝AC，AD⊥BC于点D，∠CBE＝45°，BE分别交AC、AD于E、F．（1）如图1，AB＝12，BC＝8，求AF的长度；（2）如图2，取BF中点G，若BF2+EF2＝CG2，求证：AF＝BC；（3）如图3，在（2）的条件下，过点D作DN⊥AC于点N，并延长ND交AB延长线于点M，请直接写出的值．25、如图1，在平面直角坐标系中，点A坐标为（﹣4，4），点B的坐标为（2，0）．（1）求线段AB的长；（2）点M是坐标轴上的一个点，若以AB为直角边构造直角三角形△ABM，请求出满足条件的所有点M的坐标；（3）如图2，以点A为直角顶点作∠CAD＝90°，射线AC交x轴的负半轴于点C，射线AD交y轴的负半轴于点D，当∠CAD绕点A旋转时，OC﹣OD 的值是否发生变化？若不变，直接写出它的值；若变化，直接写出它的变化范围（不要求写解题过程）．。

《国际私法》网上作业答案第一次形成性考核综合练习（第一章—第四章）一、单项选择题1. 在“涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律，法律另有规定的除外”这条规范中，“范围”部分是（A）。

A. 涉外合同B. 涉外合同当事人C. 当事人选择的法律D. 处理合同争议所适用的法律2. 《民法通则》第144条规定：“不动产的所有权，适用不动产所在地法律。

”这是（）。

A. 单边冲突规范B. 双边冲突规范C. 重叠冲突规范D. 选择适用的冲突规范3. （ A ）是国际私法的核心规范。

A. 冲突规范B. 统一实体规范C. 外国人民事法律地位规范D. 国际民事诉讼程序规范和国际商事仲裁程序规范4. 在“涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律，法律另有规定的除外”这条规范中，“系属”部分是（A）。

A. 涉外合同B. 涉外合同当事人C. 当事人选择的法律D. 处理合同争议所适用的法律5. 在中华人民共和国境内履行的中外合资经营企业合同适用中华人民共和国法律。

这条冲突规范是（ A ）。

A. 单边冲突规范B. 双边冲突规范C. 选择型冲突规范D. 重叠型冲突规范6. 甲国法院审理某一涉外民事案件，根据甲国的冲突规范规定应适用乙国法，而根据乙国的冲突规范规定应适用丙国法，根据丙国冲突规范规定应适用甲国法，甲国法院适用甲国的实体法审结案件，这在国际私法上称为（ C ）。

A. 反致B. 转致C. 间接反致D. 循环反致7. （ C ）开始，出现了以单行法规来专门规定冲突法的立法方式。

A. 18世纪末B. 19世纪初C. 19世纪末D. 20世纪初8. 19世纪以前，国际私法的主要表现形式是（ C ）。

A. 成文法B. 判例法C. 学说法D. 成文法与学说法并存9. 法律的域内效力也称为（ B ）。

A. 域外效力B. 属地效力C. 属人效力D. 境外效力10. 国际私法对反致问题进行研究并逐渐形成一种制度，始于（ C ）。

物权法第一次练习题（第一章至第四章）参考答案一、单项选择题1. 下列属于法定动产物权的是（B）A 质权B 留置权C 地役权D 国有土地使用权2. 甲有4匹马要卖掉，便对乙说：“你先牵回去试用一个月，满意的话你就买下，价款5000元。

”乙牵回了4匹马，未付款。

设马在试用期生下了一匹小马，该小马该归谁所有？（A）A 甲B 乙C 甲和乙D 甲或乙3. 甲将收藏的一件明代瓷器出售给乙，乙当场付清价金，约定甲10天后交货。

丙听说后，表示愿以双倍价格购买。

甲当即决定卖给丙，约定第5天交货，并收取定金若干。

乙听说此事，诱甲七岁之子将瓷器从家中取出给她。

在瓷器为乙占有期间，该瓷器所有权归谁？（A）A 甲B 乙C 丙D 甲乙共有4. 下列物权的保护方法不能以自力救济的方法行使的是（B）A 排除妨碍请求权B 确认物权的请求权C 返还原物请求权D 消除为限请求权5. 甲租住乙的房屋，后邻居丙施工时将沙土堆放在甲租住的房屋门前，给甲的生活造成了极大的不便。

甲要求丙挪走沙土，丙以甲并非房屋所有人为由不予理睬。

下列说法正确的是（ B ）A 甲并非该房屋的所有人，应当由房主乙来主张权利B 甲虽然并非所有人，但是其基于合法占有，可以提起占有之诉C 甲应当首先要求乙向丙主张权利D 因为房屋并不在乙的控制之下，所以，乙没有义务向丙主张权利6. 下列不属于物权客体的有（ A ）A 金星B空间C光 D 尸体7. 甲有一套别墅，甲的下列何种行为不能体现物权的性质（D）A 甲将此房做抵押进行贷款B 甲制止欲侵占此房的乙C 甲居住于此房的行为D 甲出卖此房后要求买主支付房款的行为8. 1996年12月，村民甲与县肉联厂达成口头协议：自养的黄牛两头送县肉联厂宰杀，牛肉款按净肉每斤3元5角的价格结算，牛皮、牛头和牛下水归肉联厂，甲再付肉联厂宰杀费80元。

在宰杀过程中，肉联厂的屠宰工人乙在其中一头牛的下水中发现牛黄，重100克，卖得价款5000元。

《红星照耀中国》是一部关于中国红军和中国共产党在抗日战争时期的奋斗历程的经典报告文学。

第一章到第四章概括如下：
第一章：探寻红色中国
作者埃德加斯诺以记者的身份，深入苏维埃红区，冒险探索红色世界的好奇心。

他通过访问杨虎城将军和陕西省邵力子主席，以及与共产党秘密警察的头子邓发同志的会面，开始了解红军、共产党的秘密。

第二章：通往红区的道路
这一章详细描述了斯诺在通往红区的路上被白匪徒追杀的经验，以及国民党通过“民团”这个组织对地方的统治和镇压政策。

同时，也介绍了张学良和杨虎城与共产党秘密达成一致抗日协议的原因和经过。

第三章：保安——红都概述
作者斯诺在保安（今子长）进行了初步印象的概括，描绘了中国共产党领导人毛泽东给他的初步印象。

第四章：通过红色大门
这一章描述了斯诺被引导进入苏区的内部，进一步揭示了
苏区的生活和工作情况。

作者对苏区的组织结构、红军战士
的生活、红军的教育和训练等方面进行了详细的描述。

以上是对《红星照耀中国》前四章的概括，通过这些章节，作者斯诺生动地描绘了中国红军和中国共产党在抗日战争时
期的奋斗历程，展示了他们在困难中的坚韧和决心，为世界
反法西斯战争的胜利作出了重要贡献。

2023—2024学年第一学期学科素养期中测试诊断八年级数学（第一章～第四章）说明：全卷共4页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟．请在答题卡上作答，在本卷上作答无效．一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）1．下列各数中，是无理数的是（ ）A ．0B ．12C ．πD 2．下列运算正确的是（ ）A B ．3=C 4=D3．如图，小手盖住的点的坐标可能为（ ）A ．(5,2)B ．(3,3)−−C ．(6,4)−D ．(2,5)−4．已知点(3,5)P −，则点P 到y 轴的距离是（ ） A ．5B ．3C ．4D ．3−5．函数y =中，自变量x 的取值范围是（ ） A ．2x >B ．12x ≤<C ．12x <<D ．12x <≤6．已知ABC △中，a 、b 、c 分别是A ∠、B ∠、C ∠的对边，下列条件中不能判断ABC △是直角三角形的是（ ） A ．A C B ∠=∠−∠B ．222a b c =−C ．3a =，5b =，4c =D ．::2:3:4a b c =7．已知点1(1,5)P a −和2(2,1)P b −关于x 轴对称，则2023()a b +的值为（ ） A ．0 B ．1− C ．1D ．20233−8．如图，圆柱形玻璃杯高为11cm ，底面周长为30cm ，在杯内壁离杯底5cm 的点B 处有一滴蜂蜜，此时一只蚂蚁正好在杯外壁，离杯上沿2cm 与蜂蜜相对的点A 处，则蚂蚁从外壁A 处爬行到内壁B 处的最短路线长为（杯壁厚度不计）（ ）A ．12cmB ．17cmC ．20cmD ．25cm9．一次函数2(0)y kx k k =+<的图象大致是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．10．如图所示，直线334y x =+分别与x 轴、y 轴交于点A 、B ，若45ABC ∠=°，则直线BC 的函数表达式为（ ）A ．137y x =−+ B ．135y x =−+ C ．133y x =−+ D ．139y x =−+ 二、填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 11．若a ，b为两个连续整数，且a b <<，则a b +=__________． 12．||(1)3m y m x =−+是关于x 的一次函数，则m =__________．13．如图，以数轴的单位长度线段为边长作一个正方形，以表示数2的点为圆心、正方形对角线长为半径画半圆，交数轴于点A 和点B ，则点A 表示的数是__________．14．对实数a ，b ，定义“★”运算规则如下：())b a b a b a b ≤ =>★=__________． 15．如图，直线423yx =+与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点B 和点A ，点C 是线段OA 上的一点，若将ABC △沿BC 折叠，点A 恰好落在x 轴上的A ′处，则BOC △的面积为__________．三、解答题（本大题共7小题，共55分）16．（8分）计算：（1 （2）21)1)+−−−．17．（6的整数部分是a ，小数部分是b ． （1）a =__________，b =__________；（2）试求20202021(b a +的值．18．（8分）如图所示，在平面直角坐标系中，已知(2,2)A ，(2,0)B −，(1,2)C −−．（1）在平面直角坐标系中画出ABC △；（2）若点D 与点C 关于y 轴对称，则点D 的坐标为__________； （3）求ABC △的面积；（4）已知点P 为x 轴上一点，若6ABP S =△，求点P 的坐标．19．（8分）某教育科技公司销售A ，B 两种多媒体，这两种多媒体的进价与售价如表所示：A B 进价（万元/套） 3 2.4 售价（万元/套）3.32.8（1）若该教育科技公司计划购进两种多媒体共50套，共需资金132万元，该教育科技公司计划购 进A ，B 两种多媒体各多少套？（2）若该教育科技公司计划购进两种多媒体共50套，其中购进A 种多媒体m 套（1020m <<），当把购进的两种多媒体全部售出，求购进A 种多媒体多少套时，能获得最大利润，最大利润是多少万元？ 20．（8分）将一长方形纸片ABCD 折叠，使顶点A 与C 重合，折痕为EF ．（1）试说明：CE CF =；（2）若4AB =，8BC =，求DE 的长．21．（7分）兄妹俩放学后沿图1中的马路从学校出发，到书吧看书后回家，哥哥步行先出发，途中速度保持不变；妹妹骑车，到书吧前的速度为200米/分，图2中的图象分别表示两人离学校的路程s （米）与哥哥离开学校的时间t （分）的函数关系．图1 图2（1）求哥哥步行的速度；（2）已知妹妹比哥哥迟2分钟到书吧． ①求图中a 的值；②妹妹在书吧待了10 1.6倍，能否在哥哥到家前追上哥哥？若能，求追上时兄妹俩离家还有多远；若不能，说明理由．22．（10分）如图1，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，直线1l ：1y x =+与x 轴交于点A ，直线2l ：33y x =−与x 轴交于点B ，与1l 相交于点C ．图1 图2（1）请直接写出点A 、点B 、点C 的坐标：A __________，B __________，C __________． （2）如图2，动直线y t =分别与直线1l ，2l 交于P ，Q 两点． ①若3PQ =，求t 的值．②若存在:3:4AQC ABC S S =△△，求出此时点Q 的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．2023—2024学年第一学期学科素养期中测试诊断八年级数学（第一章～第四章）一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CDDBBDBBCA二、填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）三、解答题（本大题共7小题，共55分）16．（8分）解：（1）原式=−+=；（2）原式121(31)=−−−12131=−−+7=+17．（6分）解：161725<< ，45∴<<．4a ∴=，4b =．故答案为：44−；（2）4a +=+．2020202120202021(4)4)b a =−×20204)]4)4=−×=+．18．（8分）解：（1）如图，ABC △即为所求；（2） 点D 与点C 关于y 轴对称，∴点D 的坐标为(1,2)−；故答案为：(1,2)−； （3）ABC △的面积111442412345222=×−××−××−××=； （4） 点P 为x 轴上一点，6ABP S =△，1(2)262p x ∴−−×=，26p x ∴+=，4p x ∴=或8−． ∴点P 的坐标为(4,0)或(8,0)−．19．（8分）解：（1）设购进A 种多媒体a 套，则购进B 种多媒体(50)a −套．由题意可得：3 2.4(50)132a a +⋅−=， 解得20a =，则502030b =−=，答：购进A 种多媒体20套，B 种多媒体30套； （2）设利润为w 元，由题意可得：(3.33)(2.8 2.4)(50)0.120w m m m =−+−×−=−+， （没有“设”扣0.5分）w ∴随m 的增大而减小，1020m << ，∴当11m =时，w 取得最大值，此时18.9w =，答：购进A 种多媒体11套时，能获得最大利润，最大利润是18.9万元． 20．（8分）（1）解： 长方形纸片ABCD 折叠，顶点A 与C 重合，折痕为EF ，12∴∠=∠，//AD BC ，13∴∠=∠，23∴∠=∠，CE CF ∴=；（2）解： 长方形纸片ABCD 折叠，顶点A 与C 重合，折痕为EF ．AE CE ∴=，8AD BC ==，8CE DE AE DE AD ∴+=+==， 设DE 为x ，则CE 为8x −，4CD AB ==，在Rt CDE △中，222CD DE CE +=，2224(8)x x ∴+=−，解得：3x =，3DE ∴=． 21．（7分）解：（1）由(8,800)A 可知哥哥的速度为：8008100(m /min)÷=． （2）① 妹妹骑车到书吧前的速度为200米/分，∴妹妹所用时间t 为：8002004÷=（min ）妹妹比哥哥迟2分钟到书吧，8246a ∴=+−=．②由①可知：哥哥的速度为100m /min ，∴设BC 所在直线为1100s t b =+，将(17,800)B 代入得：80010017b ×+，解得900b =−．BC ∴所在直线为：1100900s t =−． 当11900s =时，28t =哥哥．回家时妹妹的速度是哥哥的1.6倍，∴妹妹的速度是160米/分．∴设妹妹回家时2s 与t 的解析式为2160s t b =+，将(20,800)F 代入得80016020b =×+，解得2400b =−，21602400s t ∴=−．令12s s =，则有1009001602400t t −=−，解得2528t =<，∴妹妹能追上哥哥，此时哥哥所走的路程为：800(2517)1001600+−×=（米）． 兄妹俩离家还有19001600300−=（米）， 即妹妹能追上哥哥，追上时兄妹俩离家300米远．22．（10分）解：（1）对于直线2:33l y x =−， 令330y x −，解得1x =，故点(1,0)B ， 对于1:1l y x =+，同理可得：点(1,0)A −，因为点C 是1l 和2l 的交点，令133x x +=−，解得2x =，所以3y =， 故点C 的坐标为(2,3)，故答案为：(1,0)−、(1,0)、(2,3)；（2）①点P 在直线1l 上，则设点(1,)P t t −，同理点3,3t Q t +则3(1)33t PQt +=−−=，解得32t =−或152t =， ②3ABC S = △，点A 与点C 纵坐标的差值为3，则3924AQC S PQ =⋅=△，32PQ ∴=，33(1)32t PQt +∴=−−=，解得：34t =或214t =， 53,44Q ∴ ，1121,44Q．（其余方法合理即可酯情给分）。

第一章系统质量变化为零的系统为闭口系统（×。

可能为开口系统，进入量和输出量相等）一切热力系统连同与之相互作用的外界可抽象为孤立系统。

（√）闭口绝热系统就是孤立系统（×绝热、功、质量）对于简单可压缩系统，确定系统平衡状态的独立参数为2。

（√）平衡状态一定是均匀状态。

（×。

均匀必然平衡，平衡未必均匀。

单相物质均匀必然平衡，平衡也必然均匀。

）当某一过程完成后,如系统能沿原路线反向进行回复到初态,则上述过程称为可逆过程。

（×系统和外界都完全恢复）工程上的测压仪表测得的是相对压力（√）如果两个物体分别与第三个物体处于热平衡则它们彼此之间也必然处于热平衡。

（√）强度性参数没有可加性，广延性参数有可加性，比参数没有可加性（√）欲使系统达到热力平衡，系统内部及相联系的外界，强度性参数必须相等。

（√）开口系统中系统与外界有物质交换，而物质又与能量不可分割，所以开口系统不可能是绝热系。

（×工质在越过边界时，其热力学能也越过了边界。

但热力学能不是热量，只要系统和外界没有热量地交换就是绝热系。

）准静态过程没有内部非平衡损失。

（√）可逆过程必然是准静态过程，但准静态过程未必是可逆过程。

（√）非平衡损失和耗散损失不是指能量的数量损失，而是指作功能力（能质）的降低或者退化。

（√）技术功和膨胀功是过程量不是状态量，w≠w2-w1 (√) 流动功是过程量。

（×w f=p2v2−p1v1）热量是状态量。

（×。

热量同功一样也是过程量）21，熵流增加√）系统吸热，q>0,ds>0 （可逆过程热量q=∫Tds只有可逆过程才能在p-v图上描述过程进行轨迹（×至少准静态可以）经历一个不可逆过程后，系统能否恢复原来状态？（能）包括系统和外界的整个系统能否恢复原来状态？（不能）系统经历一可逆正向循环及其逆向可逆循环后，系统恢复到原来状态，外界没有变化；若存在不可逆因素，系统恢复到原状态，外界产生变化。

华东理工大学网络教育学院消费者行为分析阶段练习一（第一章～第四章）一、名词解释1、狭义的消费者——是指购买、使用各种消费品（包括服务）的个人或居民户。

2、消费者行为——消费者为获取、使用、处置消费物品所采取的各种行动以及先于且决定这些行动的决策过程。

3、扩展型决策——消费者对某类产品或该类产品的具体品牌不熟悉，而且未建立起相应的产品与品牌评价标准，更没有将选择范围限定在少数几个品牌上即为扩展型决策。

4、动机——所谓动机是指推动个体采取行为的内在驱动力。

5、知觉——知觉是人脑对刺激物各种属性和各个部分的整体反映，它是对感觉信息加工和解释的过程。

二、单项选择题1、企业可以影响消费者行为是基于消费者行为的（ C ）特点。

A:多样性 B:复杂性 C:可诱导性 D:多变性2、消费者研究始于（ D ）。

A:18世纪初 B:18世纪末 C:19世纪初 D:19世纪末3、最初从事消费者行为研究的是（ A ）。

A:凡勃伦 B:斯各特 C:科普兰 D:盖斯特4、当消费者对某类产品或对这类产品的具体品牌不熟悉，而且也未建立起相应的产品与品牌的评价标准，更没有将选择范围限定在少数几个品牌上，此时消费者面临的是（ A ）。

A:扩展型决策 B:有限型决策 C:名义型决策 D:解决限定问题决策5、消费者购买决策过程的第一阶段为（ D ）。

A:搜集信息 B:评价品牌 C:购买 D:认识问题6、消费者将过去贮存在记忆中的有关产品的信息提取出来解决当前问题的过程是（ B ）。

A:外部信息搜集 B:内部信息搜集 C:外部信息处理 D: 内部信息处理7、消费者为那些最重要的属性规定一个最低的绩效值标准是（ B ）。

A:联结式规则 B:重点选择规则 C:按序排除规则 D:编篡式规则8、按照马斯洛需求层次理论论述，人的需求是分层次的，其中最高层次为（ D ）。

A:安全需要 B:归属需要 C:自尊需要 D:自我实现需要9、联结刺激与反应的中间变量是（C ）。