2023年高中英语语法之同位语从句讲解
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2023年高中英语语法名词性从句精讲之:四大从句用法大全主语从句主语从句的概念:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用。
主语从句用法:1、主语从句的引导词:主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:如:That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
2、主语从句与形式主语it:有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
这分三种情况:(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:如:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:如:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首:如:What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
同位语从句一、定义:同位语从句是用以解释、说明某一名词的内容的从句,在句子的作用等同于前面的名词。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news,idea,fact,promise,question, doubt, advice, hope, message, suggestion, words, possibility, decision等。
被解释说明的词和同位语从句在逻辑上是主表关系。
二、连接词1. that 连接作用,没有实际意义The fact that some countries are still suffering poverty is really a big problem.I heard the news that our team had won.2. whether“是否”(if 不能引导同位语从句)There is some doubt whether he will come.There is not some doubt that he will come.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.3. 连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/whom 等(which 不能引导同位语从句),在从句中充当一定成分。
I have no idea what size shoes she wears.The question who will take his place is still not clear.4. 连接副词 when/where/how/why 等,在从句中充当一定成分。
I have no idea when he will be back.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our vacation.The question why many people choose to live in the countryside is under discussion.注:分隔式/间隔式同位语从句:若主句的谓语较短,同位语从句较长,通常把同位语从句后置,从而构成分隔式/间隔式同位语从句。
高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句的用法和标点同位语从句是英语语法中的一种修饰结构,它通过引导词来引导一个完整的句子作为另一个句子中的同位语,起到进一步解释、补充或强调的作用。
同位语从句在表达中常常使用标点符号进行引导和限定,下面我们将详细探讨同位语从句的用法和标点。
一、同位语从句的定义和作用同位语从句是由连词“that”引导的一个完整的句子,作为另一个句子中的同位语,起到解释、补充或强调的作用。
同位语从句一般用来对前面的名词或代词进行进一步的诠释和说明。
例如:1. I have a feeling that he is lying.(同位语从句解释了名词“feeling”)2. The fact that he won the game surprised everyone.(同位语从句解释了名词“fact”)二、同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词通常只有一个,那就是连词“that”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语的成分。
例如:1. It is a fact that she is a talented musician.(同位语从句作为同位语解释了名词“fact”)2. The teacher said that we need to study harder.(同位语从句作为宾语解释了动词“said”)三、同位语从句的标点同位语从句的标点主要是通过逗号或冒号进行引导和限定。
具体使用哪种标点符号,取决于同位语从句的位置和上下文的语气。
1. 当同位语从句与先行词之间具有较强的逻辑关系,且从句不易省略时,通常用逗号进行分隔。
例如:1. The news, that he got admitted to Harvard, made his parents proud.2. The fact, that she is always late for class, annoys the teacher.2. 当同位语从句与先行词之间的逻辑关系较弱,且从句比较长、独立性较强时,通常用冒号进行分隔。
高考英语名词性从句知识讲解名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子,功能相当于名词词组。
名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,根据在句中的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句【定义】在复合句中,作主语的句子称为主语从句。
常见的连接词:(连接词在句中不能省略)that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。
【用法】1.连接词 that 引导That we should learn English well is very important.主语从句中 we should learn English well句子完整,不缺成分,用that引导,that 不能省连接词whether,if 引导whether 引导的主语从句可放句首,也可放句中,表“是否”if 引导的主语从句只能引导动词后的宾语Whether I will go or not depend on the weather.It remains to be seen whether / if they can finish the task in time.2.连接代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whichever,whoever等引导What matters most is your attitude.3.连接副词when,where,why,how等引导How he made it is still unknown.4.it作形式主语为了避免句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首,真正的主语放在句子后面。
常见句型:(1) It is + n.+ that + 句子It is +(a pity / a shame / a fact …)+ that ...(2) It is + adj.+ that + 句子It is +(true / clear / important …)+ that ...(3) It is + 过去分词 + that + 句子It is+ said / announced / expected / believed / hoped… + that ...(4) It seems /appears / happens / turned out that + 句子(5) It hit sb./occurred to sb.that + 句子二、宾语从句【定义】在复合句中,作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。
2023年高考英语名词性从句之同位语从句精讲同位语从句学习指要当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。
如:The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。
He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。
同位语中应注意:1.高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多,常见的有:answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。
如:He sent us a message that he won’t come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说,下周他不来了。
There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问,它适合这一工作。
2.表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语,须用虚拟语气。
高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句的用法及常见例句同位语从句是指在一个句子中作为同位语的从句,与同位语的先行词之间存在一种解释、说明或补充的关系。
同位语从句在高中英语中是一个重要的语法知识点,掌握其用法和常见例句对于理解和运用英语非常有帮助。
一、同位语从句的引导词同位语从句通常由连词that引导,也可以由whether/if引导。
二、同位语从句的用法同位语从句常见的用法有以下几种:1. 解释、说明与补充:例如:- I have no doubt that he will succeed.(我毫不怀疑他会成功。
)- The fact that he is late again surprises me.(他又迟到了这个事实让我感到惊讶。
)2. 告知、告诉、提醒:例如:- He made it clear that he won't be able to come.(他明确表示他不能来。
)- Tom informed us that the party was canceled.(汤姆告诉我们聚会取消了。
)3. 想法、观点、看法:例如:- My belief is that hard work pays off.(我的信念是勤奋会有回报。
)- It is my opinion that education should be free for all.(我认为教育应该是免费的。
)4. 目的、原因:例如:- The purpose of the meeting is that everyone can express their opinions.(会议的目的是让每个人都能表达自己的观点。
)- The reason why he is angry is that you didn't inform him in advance.(他生气的原因是你没有提前告诉他。
)5. 疑问、不确定:例如:- I'm not sure if/whether he will come to the party.(我不确定他是否会来参加聚会。
同位语从句一、概念在名词的后面,对前面的名词进行解释、说明的从句叫同位语从句。
引导词主要是连接词that,偶尔或用why,where 等,其中引导词that 在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有词汇意义。
1. 同位语从句前面的名词(多为抽象名词)往往是需要进一步解释说明其具体内容的。
如:news,fact,idea,hope,wish,promise,reason,doubt,belief,suggestion,advice,question,probability 等。
如:There is a feeling in me that we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever我有一种感觉:我们永远不会知道,以前也不知道,什么是不明飞行物。
2. 分隔的同位语从句,就是名词与从句之间有其他内容。
The story goes that William Taler killed the tyrant with an arrow.传说威廉·泰勒用箭射死了暴君。
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
先看下面的例句:A: The news that they won the match is true.B: The news that you told me yesterday is true.①形式相近,从句功能不同:A 句是解释news 的内容:赢了比赛,是同位语从句。
B 句是修饰限定news 的,即:昨天你告诉我的消息,是定语从句。
②引导词的区别:同位语从句中“that”不能省略,它没有实际意义,在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用;而定语从句中“that”有意义,是关系代词,代替先行词的内容,在从句中作“told”的宾语,可以省略。
又如:The order that we should return at once hasn’t reached us. (同位语从句)The day when we should return hasn’t been decided. (定语从句)第一句“要立即返回”是order 的内容,是同位语从句,句意:我们还未接到要立即返回的命令。
中考英语语法:同位语从句一.什么是同位语?Linda, my English teacher, is very beautiful.I will never forget him, a great leader and thinker.I put my favorite desk, that brown one, in the most outstanding place of this house.以上句子中标红的部分均为同位语。
所谓同位语,是对前面的名词进行解释说明,与前面的名词指的是同一事物或人,一般前后都用逗号隔开。
1.名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. 王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。
2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引语作同位语But now the question es to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”4.句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
二.什么是同位语从句?上述第四种情况用句子对前面的名词做进一步解释,说明其内容叫做同位语从句。
三.同位语从句的连接词有哪些?引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词 that,whether,连接代词(what, which, who, whose)和连接副词(when, where, why, how)等。
2023-2024学年初升高英语人教版(2023)同位语从句专练学案(含解析)同位语从句知识衔接:同位语从句:1、定义: 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。
常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question, doubt 等。
如: I came up with an idea that I would visit my former teacher.He has the doubt whether he can succeed.2、同位语从句的引导词:从属连词: that,whether如:He put forward the question whether they should start at onceI know the fact that he is a doctor.连接代词: what,who,whose,what,which 等引导。
如:I have no idea whose book it is.That is a problem which skirt I should buy连接副词: when,where,why,how 等引导。
如: I have a question why he didn't come here yesterday.They had no idea where they would work3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况:当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
如:The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
千里之行,始于足下。
202X年高中英语语法之同位语从句讲解同位语从句(Appositive Clause)是英语语法中的一种结构,在句中起到进一步说明、解释、补充或限定某个名词或代词的作用。
同位语从句通常放在被说明、解释、补充或限定的名词或代词之后。
同位语从句的引导词有that, whether, if等。
下面是一些例句来帮助理解同位语从句的用法:1. I have a dream that one day all people will be treated equally.我有一个梦想,梦想有一天所有人都会受到平等对待。
2. It is a fact that global warming is causing serious environmental problems.事实是,全球变暖正在引起严重的环境问题。
3. The question is whether we should continue with this project.问题是,我们是否应该继续这个项目。
4. He asked if I could help him with his homework.他问我是否能帮他做作业。
需要注意的是,同位语从句中的引导词通常可以省略,但如果从句中有动词要使用连续体形式(如现在进行时),不能省略引导词。
同位语从句的功能类似定语从句,但定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的,而同位语从句是用来补充、解释或限定名词或代词的。
一般而言,同位语从句需要用逗号与主句分开。
第1页/共2页锲而不舍,金石可镂。
希望这些解释对你理解和掌握同位语从句有所帮助。
2023年高中英语语法同位语从句的定义及用法分析同位语从句的定义及用法分析从句是我们学习英语语法中必不可少的一项,也是很重要的知识点,有些同学对同位语从句不太了解,导致做题出现错误。
今天我们给大家带来的是同位语从句的讲解,同位语从句属于名词性从句中的一种,在复合句中充当同位语,故叫做同位语从句,用来解释说明其前面的名词。
一、具体定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容,可以由名词、代词、短语及句子来充当同位语从句。
二、用法1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间该名词是需要做特殊说明的名词如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、同位语从句的功能与性质同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释。
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)3、从引导词that来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的.(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同位语从句)4、引导词担当成分时的省略引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;介词+which同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替,试比较:(1)The news that she heard is false. 她听到的消息是假的.(2)The news that she will go abroad is false. 她将出国这消息是假的.例(1)是定语从句,that可省略;例(2)是同位语从句,that不能省略。
千里之行,始于足下。
202X届高考英语语法之同位语从句的考点归纳讲义同位语从句是高考英语语法中的一个重要考点,消灭频率较高。
同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,主要由that引导,可以用来修饰名词或代词,作同位语。
同位语从句主要有以下几种用法和结构:1. 说明或解释同位词的内容或概念例:The fact that he failed the exam surprised us.(同位语从句说明白same的内容)2. 表示同位关系:名词+“the fact/idea/belief”+that从句例:There is no doubt the project will be completed on time.(同位语从句表示同位关系)3. 表示同位地位:名词+that从句例:I have the feeling that we've met before.(同位语从句表示同位地位)4. 表示证明、证明的含义:名词+that从句例:The news that she passed the driving test pleased her parents.(同位语从句表示证明的含义)5. 用来引用或重述前文内容:名词+that从句例:She was disappointed at the fact that she didn't get the job.(同位语从句引用前文内容)第1页/共2页锲而不舍,金石可镂。
同位语从句的连接词主要有that,有时也可以用whether/if来引导。
当主句已经使用了某种连接词时,同位语从句就用that来引导,而不用whether/if。
此外,当同位语从句与前面的词有排比关系时,用连词or可将并列的成分连接在一起。
同位语从句的限制和留意事项:1. 当同位语从句是用来表示目的、结果、程度、缘由等的时候,可以使用so, such, too, enough等进行修饰。
2023年高中英语语法之同位语从句的考点归纳及专项训练同位语从句的结构(一)由that引导I have no doubt that he will overcome all this difficulties.他会克服一切困难,对此我并不感到怀疑。
【特别提示】:同位语从句引导词that不可省略。
(二)由whether引导The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been decided.我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作,这个问题还未决定。
(三)由其他词引导的同位语从句I have not made up my mind what elective subjects I am to take next term.我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。
When you are about halfway through the story, try to make a guess how the plot will develop.当你把故事读到一半时,猜测一下情节将如何发展。
I have no idea when I will be back from Shanghai.我不知道我什么时候从上海回来。
(四)同位语从句与被修饰名词的分割有时,为了保持句式的平衡,将同谓语从句与被修饰的名词分割,其间出现其他成分。
Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.人们日益担心,证人可能会因此而受到鼓励,在法庭上夸大事实(这里先行词concerns与that 以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。
同位语从句被谓语were raised隔开。
)同位语从句的引导词运用1.that引导同位语从句。
专题四:同位语从句执笔人:李雨欣一、同位语从句的定义和功能同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或大事的从句。
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的详细内容。
EG:(1)The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(2)I heard the news that our team had won.(3)I’ve e from Mr Wang with a message that he can't visit you this afternoon.(4)Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the puter.(5)The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.(6)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(7)Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.(8)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.二、引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。
连接副词how,when,where等。
〔注:if不能引导同位语从句〕1)T hat引导同位语从句that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。
that不能省略,没有详细的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接e.g.The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.〔作idea的同位语〕TIPS:在某些名词〔如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution 等〕后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气e.g.There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.2〕whether〔注:if不能引导同位语从句〕e.g.The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.3)连接代词what,who,whom,whose,whichEg:I have no idea what size shoes she wears.4)连接副词when,where,how,whyEg:We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.5〕先行词TIPS:.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,thought,belief,conclusio n等少数名词。
2023年高中英语语法之同位语从句讲解
同位语从句的概念:
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。
同位语从句的用法:
1、同位语从句的引导:
词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等:
如:We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
注:whether可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
(1)意义的不同:
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:
如:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。
(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。
(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句) (2)引导词的不同:
what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
(3)引导词的功能上的不同:
that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从
句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。
如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
(4)被修饰词语的区别:
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。
另外,when和where引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间
和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句
时则不一定:
如:I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。
(同位语从句)
I'll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。
(定语从句)
We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。
(同位语从句)
There a son why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。
(定语从句) 同位语从句用法解析:
一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质:
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, word, possibility等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析:they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句:
1、如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)
例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2、如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。
(if不能引导同位语从句)例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整,应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3、如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back 意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析:he went home 意义不完整,应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4、当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
如:The thought came to him that may be the enemy had fled the city.。