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非谓语动词作定语和状语

非谓语动词作定语和状语

(4)表示让步 表示让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best. (5)表示结果 表示结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday. (6)表示方式或伴随情况 表示方式或伴随情况 He ran up to her breathing heavily. Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.
高三英语总复习语法专项训练
非谓语动词作定语和状语
宝安高级中学高三英语备课组
一、非谓语动词的概念
非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。 非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。 它们是动词的非限定形式。 它们是动词的非限定形式。 在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。 在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用Байду номын сангаас 以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。 以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。
4. 作独立成分 有些固定词组带to不定式 表明说话人的立场或态度, 不定式, 有些固定词组带 不定式 表明说话人的立场或态度 在句中作 独立成分。这些词有: 独立成分。这些词有 to be honest ； to begin with ； to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point ； not to make much of it, to put it another way ； to tell the truth 等。 To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing. To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.

非谓语动词作定语,状语 课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习

非谓语动词作定语,状语 课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习

简单句
例： A team of researchers working together in the
laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.
翻 译 ： 实验室中.一起工作的一组研究人员将他们的研究结果呈
翻译：被大卫的行为所鼓舞，人们勇敢地和敌人作斗争。
讲解2：此句 中Inspire和the people之间的关系为被动（意思
是“人们被鼓舞”，而不是 “人们去鼓舞别人”），所以把它 变成表示被动形式的非谓语Inspired。后再加上介词短语by （ 强调被谁 鼓 舞 ），就构成非谓语动词的词组 Inspired by David's behavior用来补充说明整个句子。
讲 解 2 ： 注意：非谓语动词不一定是一个词,.还可以加上修饰和
补充的成分。此句中表达“一起工作”，在working后加上了
together,而且补充了地点in the laboratory,所以写成了一个非
谓语词组working together in the laboratory，修饰名词词组
翻译：这也引发了关于“价值”（涉及“价值”）的问题
讲解1：句中It raises 一主一谓已经搭配好，所以多余的
动词concern要变成非谓语动词。由于concern修饰前面 名词questions,且与该名词的关系为主动（意思是“问题 涉及，而不是问题被涉及）,所以把它变成主动形式的非 谓语concerning。
词make要变为非谓语。由于它修饰整 个句子，表达make和句 子主语People之间的关系为主动（意思是“人们去做决定”， 而不是 “人们被决定”），所以把它变成非谓语动词making make为及物动词，要后接宾语，再加 上修饰的形容词，就构成 非谓语动词的词组making individual decisions修饰句子。

非谓语动词作定语和状语

非谓语动词作定语和状语

A A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
3). The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded D. being recorded
C Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary
people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
不定式（to do)
②The question _b_e_i_n_g__d_is_c_u_s_s_e(ddiscuss) at the
meeting now is of quite importance.
③The question __t_o_b_e__d_i_s_cu__s_se_d(discuss) at the
meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. have been bought D. buying
解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面 陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此 处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主 从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ， bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作后 置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当 然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through…也是正确的，因为这一动 作出现在从句中。

非谓语动词做定语状语和主语的讲练

非谓语动词做定语状语和主语的讲练
Mo Yan 17, 1955, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, making him well-known all over the world.
3. 为了通过期末考试，他熬夜到很晚，这导致他生病了。 事实上，对他来说短时间内取得大进步是很困难的。
3.你借给我如此多的书真是太好心了。
It is kind of you to lend me so many books.
4.如果你想学好英语，每天朗读半个小时是很重 要的。
It is very important to read English for half an hour every day if you want to learn English well.
非谓语动词做定语的练习
I. 语法填空单句练习：
1. We saw an exciting (excite) film last night. 2. The puzzled (puzzle) look on his face suggested that he didn’t know the lady at all. 3. That day, they had nothing to eat (eat).
To / In order to pass the final exam, he stayed up very late, resulting in his illness. In fact, it was rather difficult for him to make great/rapid progress in a short time.
非谓语动词做主语的练习
It is/was + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do sth. 1.对我们来说学好英语很有必要。

非谓语动词作定语和状语

非谓语动词作定语和状语

一．非谓语动词※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：【知识点拨】1．不定式作定语①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。

其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。

例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)2．-ing分词作定语①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。

例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )The girl singing is my classmate.②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

非谓语动词作表语宾补定语和状语

非谓语动词作表语宾补定语和状语

改错
1.I found the game excited. exciting
2.In their spare time, they are interesting in interested
planting vegetables in their garden which is
on the rooftop of their house.
A. reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce
B 6.There is a great deal of evidence(证据) _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
friends. A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed
A 8.---Did you meet anyone ________ at the party
---No, in fact, I found the party rather _________. interesting;boring interested;boring interesting;bored interested;bored
3.My father was so pleasing that he pleased
suggested I go to England for a holiday.
4.My friend Nick told me a story about his
experience back in the US, which was very
D.being completed
have sth. to do 有某事要做 在这个句型中，to do 用主动形式表被动

非谓语动词doing的用法总结

非谓语动词doing的用法总结

非谓语动词doing的用法总结
非谓语动词doing的用法总结如下：
1. 做主语：Doing exercises regularly helps improve physical fitness.
经常做运动有助于提高身体健康。

2. 做宾语：I enjoy doing yoga.
我喜欢做瑜伽。

3. 做定语：A living room is a place for doing various activities.
客厅是进行各种活动的地方。

4. 做补语：He kept on doing the same mistake.
他一直在犯着同样的错误。

5. 做状语：She left, doing her best to hide her tears.
她离开时，竭尽全力掩饰自己的眼泪。

6. 做同位语：Her favorite hobby, doing crossword puzzles, keeps her mind sharp.
她最喜欢的爱好——填字游戏，使她的头脑保持敏锐。

7. 做宾语补足语：We found him sitting alone in the park.
我们发现他独自坐在公园里。

总结：非谓语动词doing可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语以及宾语补足语的角色。

非谓语动词短语句型

非谓语动词短语句型

非谓语动词短语句型一、概述非谓语动词是英语语法中的重要部分，包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。

这些非谓语动词在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分，使句子更加丰富和灵活。

掌握非谓语动词的用法和句型，对于提高英语表达能力和理解复杂句子结构具有重要意义。

二、动词不定式句型To do sth. 作为主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy.（学习一门外语不容易。

）To do sth. 作为宾语：I like to eat apples.（我喜欢吃苹果。

）To do sth. 作为定语：The book to be published next month is very popular.（下个月要出版的那本书很受欢迎。

）To do sth. 作为状语：To save time, I usually take the bus to work.（为了节省时间，我通常乘公共汽车去上班。

）三、动名词句型Doing sth. 作为主语：Reading books is my favorite hobby.（读书是我最喜欢的爱好。

）Doing sth. 作为宾语：I enjoy watching movies.（我喜欢看电影。

）Doing sth. 作为定语：The swimming pool is a great place to relax.（游泳池是一个放松的好地方。

）Doing sth. 作为状语：Playing sports helps me stay healthy.（运动帮助我保持健康。

）四、分词句型Having done sth. 作为状语：Having finished my homework, I went to bed.（完成作业后，我睡觉了。

）Done sth. 作为状语：Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful.（从山顶看，这个城市非常美丽。

作定语和状语的非谓语动词

作定语和状语的非谓语动词

作定语和状语的非谓语动词一、作定语1. 不定式一般表示将来的动作。

如：He is a very nice person to talk with.Edison was the first man to invent electric lights.2. -ing分词一般表示：1) 动作正在进行。

如：a sleeping child, developing countries2) 被修饰的名词的性质、特点等。

如：an interesting story, disappointing news3) 被修饰的名词的用途、性能等。

如：a swimming pool, a reading room3. 过去分词一般表示被动动作的完成或结束。

如：a broken cup, fallen leaves试比较：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.The meeting being held tomorrow is important.The meeting held tomorrow is important.二、作状语：1. 不定式一般表示目的、结果等。

如：To learn English well, he bought many English books and tapes. (目的)He woke up to find the ground covered with snow. (结果)2.-ing分词和过去分词一般表示时间、原因、条件和伴随状况等。

如：Wandering in the street, I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. (时间)Turning left, you will get to the bookstore. (条件)Frightened at the sight, she screamed. (原因)They stood there talking about something.(伴随)试比较：He hurried to the railway station, hoping to catch the train.(伴随)He hurried to the railway station to catch the train.(目的)注：作状语时，不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的逻辑主语一般要和句子的主语一致。

非谓语动词做定语和状语

非谓语动词做定语和状语

to get He is lucky _______ here on time. to see I am happy ______ you again. to do Li Ming seemed willing _____ that. to hear I am sorry _______ that.
(作原因状语时常修饰表感情的形容词,表示 产生这种感情的原因.)
I hurried to get there only to find him out.
After that day they were separated, never to see each other again.
(only/ never to do 表示意料之外的结 果)
非
doing
谓语动词
to do
done
主语 to do done
定语
宾语
表语
状语
宾语补 足语





×
diong

×



. + to do
Li Ming was the first person to arrive. He always has a lot of meetings to attend. He is looking for a room to live in.
语态：主动
时态：正在进行 注意：并不是所有的 doing形式时态意义都很明显。
done作定语
done+ n./ pron. Look at the broken glasses.
n./ pron.+ done短语
I have a radio made in China. 语态：被动 时态意义往往不明显。 注意一些动词的固定用法： The little girl dressed in white is Mary. (be dressed in)

非谓语动词作状语和定语讲义

非谓语动词作状语和定语讲义

【知识点拨】1．不定式作定语①不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.例如：Let's first to find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)2．-ing分词作定语①-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.②单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。

例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )The girl singing is my classmate. 3．-ed分词作定语3. -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。

2021届高考英语语法非谓语动词作定语,状语和补语导学案

2021届高考英语语法非谓语动词作定语,状语和补语导学案

高中英语语法--非谓语动词作定语，状语和补语+练习一、非谓语动词作定语1．基本形式和功能The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.上次会议讨论的问题很重要。

The problem being discussed now is of great importance.现在正在讨论的问题非常重要。

The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.下次会议要讨论的问题很重要。

2．ability，chance，idea，fact，attempt，moment，way，right等词后常接不定式作后置定语。

We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们向参加聚会的人保证有机会和这位电影明星合影。

Do you have the ability to read and write in English？你有英文读写能力吗？二、非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语(1)不定式作目的状语也可以构成“so as to do”或“in order to do”的结构。

但so as to do不可置于句首。

不定式作目的状语置于句中时不可用逗号和句子隔开。

Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year so as to/in order to visit her.为了看望她，她母亲计划每年至少乘飞机去北京四次。

In order not to forget，Bob wrote down my number.为了不忘记，鲍勃写下了我的号码。

(2)不定式作结果状语。

分词非谓语动词用法总结

分词非谓语动词用法总结

分词非谓语动词用法总结分词是一种特殊的非谓语动词形式，用来表达被动、完成、进行等不同的语态和时态。

分词非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分，具有丰富的用法。

本文将总结分词非谓语动词的用法，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。

一. 分词作定语分词作定语时，一般修饰名词或代词，并与其构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用于修饰、限定名词，起形容词的作用。

例如：1. The running water is very clear.流动的水非常清澈。

2. A baked cake smells delicious.烤熟的蛋糕闻起来很美味。

二. 分词作状语分词作状语时，一般修饰整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式等。

1. 时间状语分词表达动作发生的时间，常用的有现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）。

例如：Cooking dinner, she accidentally burned her hand.她在做晚饭时不小心烧伤了手。

Exhausted from the long journey, they went straight to bed.他们疲惫不堪地进行了漫长的旅行，直接上床睡觉。

2. 原因状语分词表达动作的原因，常用过去分词形式。

例如：Surprised by the sudden news, he couldn't say a word.受突如其来的消息的惊愕，他说不出话来。

Lost in thoughts, she didn't notice the time passing by.沉浸在思考中，她没有注意到时间的流逝。

3. 条件状语分词表达动作的条件，也常用过去分词形式。

例如：Given the right opportunities, anyone can succeed.给予合适的机会，任何人都能成功。

Without proper training, it's difficult to master a new skill.没有适当的培训，要掌握一项新技能是很困难的。

非谓语动词讲解以及例句

非谓语动词讲解以及例句

非谓语动词讲解以及例句非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，不受主语的人称和数的限制，常用作句子的宾语、定语或状语。

非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。

一、动名词（-ing形式）：1. 作主语：Being kind to others is always a good thing to do.（对他人友善总是值得做的好事。

）2. 作宾语：I enjoy swimming in the ocean.（我喜欢在海里游泳。

）3. 作宾补：She made a decision, ending their relationship.（她做出了一个决定，结束了他们的关系。

）4. 作定语：The running water is so clear and refreshing.（流动的水非常清澈和令人神清气爽。

）5. 作状语：Knowing the answer, he raised his hand.（知道答案后，他举手了。

）二、不定式（to + 动词原形）：1. 作主语：To learn a new language is challenging but rewarding.（学习一门新语言是具有挑战性但值得的。

）2. 作宾语：She wants to visit Paris next year.（她想明年去巴黎旅游。

）3. 作宾补：I need to finish this report by tomorrow.（我需要明天之前完成这份报告。

）4. 作定语：He is the best person to ask for help.（他是寻求帮助的最佳人选。

）5. 作状语：She went to the library to study.（她去图书馆学习。

）三、分词：1. 现在分词（-ing形式）：The crying baby woke up the entire neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿吵醒了整个社区。

非谓语动词有哪些 什么是非谓语动词

非谓语动词有哪些 什么是非谓语动词

非谓语动词有哪些什么是非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。

那么非谓语动词有哪些情况呢？
非谓语动词有哪些
1非谓语动词
非谓语动词有5种情况，分别是动词做主语、动词作宾语、动词作定语、动词作状语、动词作补语，动词作宾语示例：I like watching TV，这就把它变成了ing形式，把它名词化这就叫动词做宾语。

再看动词作定语he is a boy lying under the tree。

lying就是定语修饰boy。

躺在树下的男孩。

再看做状语的。

hearing the news she went crazy。

听到消息她疯了。

听到消息就是一个状态。

hearing the news she went crazy。

这里需要注意的是，从句部分根本不是一个句子，它只是一个动词，所以这个部分呢，我们就要把它叫动词做状语，而不能叫状语从句。

所以非谓语动词一共是5种情况，动词分别做主语、宾语，定语、状语、补语。

2非谓语动词与谓语动词不同点
非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。

谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。

英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。

高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语)

高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语)

高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、非谓语动词作定语【知识要点】1、非谓语动词包括四种：-to do不定式，-ing分词，-ed分词和动名词。

（重点为前三种）2、非谓语动词的词性及句法功能①-to do不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；②-ing分词相当于形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；③-ed分词相当于形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；④动名词相当于名词，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

3、前三种非谓语动词的形式与意义① -ing分词的基本意义为：主动或进行，变形有：进行式：doing被动式：being done完成式：having done完成被动式：having been done②-to do不定式的基本意义为：主动将来，变形有：进行式：to be doing被动式：to be done完成式：to have done完成被动式：to have been done③-ed分词表示被动或完成。

4、非谓语动词作定语由于三种非谓语动词都具有形容词的性质，所以它们都可以在句子中充当定语，并根据其在被修饰的名词中心词的前后位置，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。

the falling leaves （-ing分词作前置定语，“正在下落的叶子”）the leaves falling in the sky （-ing分词短语作后置定语，“正在空中下落的叶子”）the coming/following day （-ing分词作前置定语，“第二天”）the day to come （-to do分词短语作后置定语，“第二天”）the fallen leaves （-ed分词作前置定语，“已经落地的叶子/落叶”）the house burnt to the ground （-ed分词短语作后置定语，“被烧成废墟的房子”）【练习】单句语法填空1.Looking at the ______ (fall) leaves in the sky, he knows the fall is coming.2.Seeing the ______ (fall) leaves on the ground, he decided to do some sweeping first before sitting down to have a rest.3.It is said that the building ______ (build) here next year will be completed within one year.4.It is said that the building ______ (build) here now will be completed within one year.5.It is said that the building ______ (build) here last year will be rebuilt soon.6.The gentleman ______ (seat) next to Tom is his best friend.7.The gentleman ______ (sit) next to Tom is his best friend.8.The room was in a mass, with those ______ (break) furniture.9.The purely white snow looks like a beautiful blanket ______ (cover) the land.10.The police have got enough evidence ______ (prove) that he is guilty.11.Turn to the right and you will see a wide road ______ (lead) up to the building.12.If you get the first place, you will win an all expenses ______ (pay) journey.13.All the ______ (question) people supported the government’s latest policy.14.You should keep well the books ______ (borrow) from the library.15.Can those people ______ (seat) at the back hear me?二、非谓语动词作状语【知识要点】非谓语动词作状语由于三种非谓语动词都具有副词的性质，所以它们都可以在句子中充当状语。

区分不定式作定语和状语

区分不定式作定语和状语

区分不定式作定语和状语不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，由"to + 动词原形"构成。

在句子中，不定式可以作为定语或状语，起到修饰名词或动词的作用。

本文将从不定式作为定语和状语两个方面进行区分讨论。

一、不定式作为定语不定式作为定语通常修饰名词或代词，用于说明名词或代词的用途、目的或性质等。

不定式作为定语时，常位于被修饰名词的前面或后面。

1. 位于名词前面的不定式作定语在这种情况下，不定式一般用来说明名词的用途、目的或性质。

例如：- I have a book to read.（我有一本书可读。

）- She needs a pen to write.（她需要一支笔来写作。

）- He has a car to drive.（他有一辆车可以开。

）在这些例子中，不定式to read、to write和to drive修饰名词book、pen和car，说明它们的用途或目的。

2. 位于名词后面的不定式作定语在这种情况下，不定式用于说明名词的性质或特征，常表示名词的所属关系。

例如：- The book to read is on the shelf.（可读的那本书在书架上。

）- The person to talk to is the manager.（要找的那个人是经理。

）- The place to visit is Paris.（值得去的地方是巴黎。

）这些例子中，不定式to read、to talk和to visit修饰名词book、person和place，表示它们的性质或特征。

二、不定式作为状语不定式作为状语通常修饰动词，用于说明动作的目的、结果或方式等。

不定式作为状语时，常位于句子的谓语动词后面。

1. 不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语时，说明动作的目的或意图。

例如：- He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.（他去超市买了些杂货。

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一．非谓语动词※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：【知识点拨】1．不定式作定语①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。

其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。

例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)2．-ing分词作定语①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。

例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )The girl singing is my classmate.②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this deskyesterday?3．-ed分词作定语-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。

例如：a developed/developing countryHe is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.【知识过关】1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow?A. to be heldB. being heldC. will be heldD. held※、不定式作定语不定式作定语一般有以下四种情形：⑴用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 同时句子的主语也是不定式动作的执行者。

这种情况下使用不定式的一般体：[例题]I can’t find a chair ________.A. to sitB. for to sit onC. to sit onD. for sittingI’m not sure which restaurant _______.A. to eat atB. eating atC. to eat onD. for eating⑵用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 但强调的是不定式动作的执行者、发生的时间或地点时，用不定式一般体的被动形式：例题FIFA has named the 36 referees for the 2012 FIFA World Cup _____ by South Korea and Jap an.A. to be co-hostedB. co-hostedC. being co-hostedD. co-h题 What countries do you think will be represented at the six-side peace talk ______ in Beiji ng next month?A. to holdB. holdingC. being heldD. to be held⑶用于个体名词后，和被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑主语：[例题]She is the first person ________ the idea.A. think ofB. thinking ofC. to think ofD. thought ofThis report is urgent. We need someone ______ with the typing.A. helpingB. to helpC. helpedD. to be helped※、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，要注意分词所表示动作发生的时间。

大体说来，有下面两种情况：⑴分词表示正在进行的动作，改为定语从句时要用进行时态：[例题]I don`t know the man ________ over there.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. being stoodIt seems that I once met with the man _____ us.A. servedB. being servedC. to have servedD. serving⑵如果分词和被修饰名词呈现被动关系，而且，所指动作此刻正在发生，或者是和谓语所表示的动作同时发生，就用现在分词一般体的被动形式：[例题]The old man _______ has been ill for months.A. to operate onB. operate onC. operatedD. being operated onThe Three Gorge project ______now on the middle reaches of Yangtse River is the biggest d am of its kind.※、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，分词表示的动作不仅和所修饰的名词呈被动关系，同时，要么发生于谓语动作之前，要么没有一定的时间性：[例题]From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A. markingB. markedC. to be markedD. having been marked[例题]Any applicant form ______ properly will not be accepted by the company.A. not filledB. not to be filledC. not being filledD. not having been filled[例题]The amount of money _____ for the seriously sick child was soon collected.2．-ing分词和-ed分词作状语① -ing分词和-ed分词作状语修饰谓语，多说明动作发生的背景、方式或伴随情况。

如果在逻辑上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如：We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.② -ing分词和-ed分词都可作原因或时间状语, 其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。

如果在逻辑上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因)Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因)3．-ing分词有时可作结果状语。

例如：Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.4．-ed分词有时用作条件状语，其作用相当于一个条件状语从句。

例如：Given more time, we could have done it much better.【知识过关】1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing3．不定式作原因状语用作原因状语的不定式一般放于句末，偶尔也见于句首。