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非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词作为状语是指在句子中不能作谓语，但可以做状语的动词形式。
它可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语，可以提供句子里的信息，使句子充实而生动。
一、非谓语动词作时间状语1.由过去分词组成的状语过去分词表示过去发生的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去发生。
如：He left without saying goodbye, leaving me standing there alone.他没有说再见就走了，留下我独自站在那里。
2.由现在分词组成的状语现在分词表示正在进行的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该正在进行。
如：She comes to visit us every week, bringing us some nice food.她每周都会来看望我们，并带来一些美食。
3.由having done 组成的状语having done 表示过去已经完成的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去完成的动作之后发生。
如：Having finished the exam, he went home and had a good rest.考试结束之后，他回家好好休息了。
二、非谓语动词作原因状语由because of，due to，owing to，thanks to等引导，接名词或动词不定式，作原因状语，表示主句动作的原因。
如：Because of the heavy rain, we had to cancel our picnic.由于下雨，我们不得不取消野餐了。
三、非谓语动词作条件状语由if，unless，in case，on condition that，provided (that)，supposing (that)等引导，接动词不定式，作条件状语，表示“假设”的意思，表示主句动作的前提，即要想主句动作成立，必须满足什么条件。
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词，形容词和句子，非谓语作状语常表：目的，时间，条件，结果，伴随，原因，让步，方式等。
下面为大家作进一步讲解。
1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。
（1）表目的，译为“为了“例如：——Ｉget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱，为了给你买份礼物。
——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取，他专心致志于学习。
解析：to do 放句首，表强调。
另外：in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。
So as to 不放句首。
（2）表结果，常使用only/just to do, 却…，表意料之外的不良后果。
so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do，足够，too……to太……而不能……结构。
例如：——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩，（以至于）没有及格。
解析：so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。
such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。
too 后用法与so相同。
Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。
注：n. 表名词。
adj.表形容词。
adv. 表副词。
——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站，却被告知，火车已经离开了。
解析：only to do ,表意料之外的事，此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。
（3）作原因状语，常用在表情感，态度等形容词后。
例如：happy,surprised ,sorry 等。
非谓语动词作状语1.动词不定式作状语：1）表示目的--- He came here specially to see you.--- He stopped his car to have a lookat the beautiful scenery.**动词不定式作状语还可放在句首，使其所表示的目的更明显突出。
--- To be a teacher, one must first be a pupil.**另外，in order to, so as to加动词原形，也作目的状态。
in order to可放句首，而so as to不可。
-- In order to learn English well, he works hard.-- He got up early in order to catch the first bus.-- He got up early so as to be here on time.2）表示结果：He lived to see the liberation of China.He woke up only to find he was locked in the room.I went to see him only to find him out.only to do 表示意外结果结果状语常用于以下句型：a. / ad. + enough … to do ; too… to doso + a. / ad. + as to dosuch + n. + as to doEg.The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus and support him across the street.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.He is not tall enough to reach the light.We were too excited to sleep that night.**但如果too后为anxious, eager, willing, ready, hungry等，没有否定意味。
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。
“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。
功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如：表示时间The meeting over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
表示条件The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)用法独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
高中英语语法专题：非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 解题步骤1、找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
2、看非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
如果是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，用过去分词。
3、如果非谓语动词是分词，需看分词和谓语动词的先后关系。
如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要使用分词的完成式。
注：如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。
非谓语动词作状语 考点例题考点1、不定式作目的状语【2018∙全国1】You don’t have to run fast or for long__62 _ (see) the benefit.答案：to see。
句意：要见效果，你不必跑的太快或太久。
不定式作目的状语。
考点2、不定式作结果状语【2015∙全国2】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __46 __ (cool) the house during the hotday .答案：to cool。
adj. + to do作结果状语考点3、不定式作原因状语【2012∙全国2】⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.A.to watchB.watchingC.watchedD.to have watched答案：A。
adj. + to do不定式作原因状语中，adj.通常表示情绪，不定式表示引起情绪变化的原因。
考点4、现在分词作结果状语【2017天津】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.A. being allowedB. allowingC. having allowedD. allowed答案：B。
非谓语动词作状语用法详解一、不定式作状语不定式作状语常常考查的有以下三方面知识：⒈不定式作目的状语一方面不定式可以独立作目的状语；另一方面不定式还可以用在so as(to)或in order(to)后，表示目的。
从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于句末，通常不用逗号：【名题1】(2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期中练习·26)_____their service,the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A.ImprovingB.To improveC.ImprovedD.Having improved【解析】此题考查非谓语动词作状语。
不定式放于句首，说明了酒店职工积极学习英语的目的。
答案为B。
【名题2】(2003北京东城区高三总复习练习〔一〕·26)______time and labour,cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.A.To saveB.SavedC.SavingD.Having saved【解析】此题考查非谓语动词作状语。
不定式放于句首，说明了漫画家在画人物的手指时为什么只画三个手指和一个大拇指。
答案为A。
【名题3】(’99SHMET·18)—Mum.Why do you always make me eat an egg every day?—_______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.GetB.GettingC.To getD.To be【解析】此题考查非谓语动词作状语。
分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况；不定式作状语多表示目的和结果。
非谓语动词作状语一不定式作状语(to)do/not(to)do1表目的He sat down to have a rest.They went there to visit their teacher.2.表示结果He is old enough to go to school.。
She is too tired to do the job.。
表出乎意料的结果：______________He woke up only/just to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。
3表示原因在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。
如：I am very glad to see you.I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.4.强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to do(为了)或so as to(以便)+do。
注意：so as to不用于句首。
He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to pick up passengers,the bus stopped。
5.修饰全句，独立成分To tell you the truth,I have got no money about me.To be honest,I know nothing about it.二分词作状语分词作状语1．分词作状语的基本原则:(1)分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
(2)分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，主动doing，被动done例句：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
Hearing the news,they got excited.(时间)Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间)Having been bitten by a snake,she was frightened at it.(原因)Given a chance,I can surprise the world.(条件)The cup dropped to the ground,breaking into pieces.(结果)Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随状况)例句：(1)Having worked there for30years,Haydn moved to London先后(2)Having been knocked down by the car for so long,the old man was sent tothe hospital.(3)Not having finished his work,he had to work extra hours at night.因为没有完成工作，他不得不晚上额外加班。
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。
(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词作状语不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)e.g. We eat to live, but we don’t live to eat.We started early (in order / so as) to avoid being late. 我们一早动身，免得迟到。
（In order ）not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后) 【Exercises】1．—Did the book give the information you needed?—Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. 【2008 北京】A. to findB. findC. to be findingD. finding2.______this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. 【2006广东卷】A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making2）作原因状语：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。
如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed…不定式不放在句首。
e.g. ：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.有一个本地人做向导，我们真是太高兴了。
【Exercises】1. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. 【2008北京卷】A. to welcomeB. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed3) 作结果状语：不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。
e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打开门，结果发现房间是空的。
【attention】：①. 动词不定式前可以加上only, 更加强调‘意外，想不到’。
还可加never, 表示‘没有再…’e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。
They parted, never to see each other again. 他们分手了，从此没有再见面。
②. 动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式：so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to,too…to , enough to等。
e.g. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.________________________________He worked hard only to fail. _______________________________________他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。
_______________________________________________________________2. He hurried to the booking office only _________that all the tickets had been sold out. 06陕西卷）A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told注意：不定式做结果状语的固定搭配①so …as to …Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?I’m not such a fool as to believe that.His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.The boy is old enough to go to school.2、分词（现在分词、过去分词）可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。
注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦）though, although）1）现在分词作状语：e.g. ①. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 【作时间状语】Hearing the news, they all danced for joy. 听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳起舞来。
②．Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为一个团员，他总是乐于助人。
Being students, we must study hard. 【作原因状语】③．He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 【作伴随状语】She wrote him a friendly letter, thanking him for his help.他写了一封友好的信给他，感谢他的帮助。
④．Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 【作条件状语】⑤．He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 【作结果状语】His parents died last year, leaving him an orphan.他的父母亲去年死了，使他成为了一个孤儿。
⑥．Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 【作让步状语】Feeling tired, he went on running. 尽管感觉累，他还是继续跑。
2）过去分词作状语：e.g. ①. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 【作时间状语】Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.从被党接受的那一刻起，他决定要把他的一生致力于党的事业。
②．Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到演讲的激励，年轻人下定决心开始进行斗争。
【作原因状语】③．The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 【作伴随状语】④．Given another chance, he will do better. 【作条件状语】⑤．Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.虽然受伤了，但这名勇敢的战士还继续作战。
【作让步状语】【Summary】：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。
如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，也可用having been done.【attention】：①. 不定式与现在分词引导结果状语的区别：e.g. 1. He got home to learn that his father was ill.2. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
3. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University.我跑到学校，却被告知我没有被北大所录取。
4. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding.雨下得很大，导致了非常严重的涝灾。
5. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.他快速地切断了电，避免了一场事故。
【summary】：不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果，前可加only作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。
分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby（因而、因此）。
(only) to do →出乎意料干某事(thus / thereby) doing →顺理成章干某事②.英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。
常见的有：be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。
e.g. Faced with so many problems, he felt depressed.Located in the centre of Longhui, NO.1 Middle School of LH is the best school in the town.③．有时“with（without） + 名词（或代词宾语） + 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。
