2018年湖南农业大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题624 风景园林综合知识试题

2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：综合知识 811适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

Section A: Linguistics (60 points)I. Translate the following linguistic terms into English. (5 points, 1 point each)1.应用语言学2.音位变体3.述谓分析4.输入假设5.派生词素II. Define FIVE of the following terms, giving examples if necessary. (10 points，2 points each )1. Displacement2. Back clipping3. Minimal pair4.Morphological rule5. Perlocutionary act6. Sociolinguistics7. Subordinate constructionIII. Fill in each blank with a suitable term, with some of the initial letters given.(10 points, 1 point each)1. D___________ refers to an area of human activity in which one particularspeech variety or a combination of several speech varieties is regularly used，for instance, situations in which the persons talking to one another are members of the family, e.g. mother and children.2. B ___________is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formedby combing the meanings and sounds of two words, one of the which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like brunch.3. H___________ structure is the sentence structure that group words into structuralconstituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, such as NP, VP and PP.4. M__________ is the branch of grammar that studies the internal structure ofwords, and the rules by which words are formed.5. C _________are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker tosome future course of action.6. T___________ theory is a theory about trace left by movement. This theoryassumes that a moved constituent leaves behind a phonologically null element in its original site.7.P___________ are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are notverifiable, in other words, they are utterances that perform an act.8. I___________ is the language system of an individual as expressed their way heor she speaks or writes within the overall system of a particular language.9. S___________ is the study of meaning communicated through language. Thebasic task is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.10. A _________ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producingthe sounds of speech.IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (15 points，1.5 points each )1. （）Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the factthat language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and thesystem of meanings.2. （）Saussurs’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historicallingusitics.3. （）Chomsky’s concept of linguistic performance is similar to Saussure’sconcept of parole, while his use of linguistic competence is somewhatdifferent from Saussure’s langue.4. （）If language learners are provided with sufficient and the right kind oflanguage exposure and chances to interact with language input, they willacquire the native-like competence in the target language.5. （）Syntactic category refers to all phrasal syntactic categories such as NP,VP,and PP, and word-level syntactic categories that serve as heads of phrasal syntactic categories such as N and V.6. （）Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’sunderlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situation.7. （）Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently.8. （）Hyponymy is a matter of class membership, so it is the same as meronymy.9. （）Inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives.10. （）The right ear advantage(REA)is true to no matter whether people havethe left hemispheric dominance for speech or the less common right hemispheric dominance for speech.V. Choose FIVE of the following questions to answer. (20 points，4 points each)1. Who put forward the concept of langue and parole? What is the differencebetween them?2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?3. Decide which way of word formation is used to form the following words.Motel lase ROM mew/miaow4. What is word? What is lexicon? What is lexeme? What is vocabulary?5. Can you make some comments on IC analysis?6. What is X-bar theory?7. What is discourse analysis?Section B: Translation (60 points)1．Translate the following into Chinese (30 points)The sublime paradox of the spiritual life is repeated in all true development of personal gift and power. In order to find his life a man must first lose it; in order to keep his soul a man must first give it. The beginning of all education is self-conscious; at the start every effect must be calculated, every skill, method, or dexterity carefully studied. Training involves a rigid account of oneself based on searching self-knowledge. To become an effective speaker one must know his defects of bearing, gesture, voice; one must bring his whole personality into clear light, and study it as if it were an external thing; one must become intensely self-conscious. The initiation to every art is through this door of rigid scrutiny of self and entire surrender of self to the discipline of minute study and exacting practice. The pianist knows the artistic value of every note, and strikes each note with carefully calculated effect. The artist gives himself up to a patient study of details, and is content with the monotony of laborious imitation; subjecting every element of material and manner to the most thorough analysis.The first stage in the education of the true worker is self-conscious; the final stage is self-forgetful. No man can enter the final stage without passing through the initial stage; no man can enter the final stage without leaving the initial stage behind him. One must first develop intense self-consciousness, and then one must be able to forget and obliterate himself. One must first accept the most exacting discipline of the school, and then one must forget that schools exist. The apprentice is the servant of detail; the master is the servant of the idea: the first accepts methods as if they were the finalities of art; the second uses them as mere instruments. Tennyson's attention was once called to certain very subtle vowel effects in one of his later poems; he promptly said that he had not thought of them. That was undoubtedly true, for he had become a master; but there was a time, in his days of apprenticeship, when he had studied the musical qualities and resources of words with the most searching intelligence. The transition from apprenticeship to mastery is accomplished when a man passes through self-consciousness into self-forgetfulness, when his knowledge and skill become so much a part of himself that they become instinctive. When the artist has gained, through calculation, study, and, practice, complete command of himself and his materials, he subordinates skill to insight, and makes his art the unconscious expression of his deepest nature. When this stage is reached the artist can pour his whole soul into his work almost instinctively; his skill and methods have become so completely a part of himself that he can use them almost without being conscious of them.2．Translate the following into English. (30 points)“诺诺”者，唯命是从，凡事好好好，是是是，逢人点头哈腰，遇事不辨青红皂白，正所谓“唯唯诺诺”。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：616 植物学
适用专业(领域）：作物学、园艺学、植物保护各二级学科
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释（共计50分，每小题5分）
1、原生质与原生质体
2、有限维管束与无限维管束
3、侵填体与胼胝体
4、等面叶与异面叶
5、单性生殖与无融合生殖
6、单雌蕊与复雌蕊
7、孢子体与配子体
8、假花学说与真花学说
9、真果与假果10、变种与亚种
二、判断题（共计10分，每小题1分，对的打√，错的打×）
1、成熟的绒毡层细胞一般具双核或多核。

（）
2、小麦种子其实是果实，而白果(银杏)则是种子。

（）
3、整个花序也能发育成果实。

（）
4、有性繁殖也可以称为有性生殖。

（）
5、木质部是由导管、筛管等组成。

（）
6、有些竹子的茎很粗，说明它们的次生结构比较发达。

（）
7、雪松一般是单轴分枝。

（）
8、淀粉粒和糊粉粒都是由白色体形成的。

（）
9、单雌蕊也属于离生雌蕊。

（）
10、种是分类最小的单位。

（）
第 1 页共13 页。

共5页 第1页 2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：341 农业知识综合三(农业工程领域) 适 用 领 域：农业工程领域
考试需带的工具：无存储功能的计算器
考生注意事项：
①农业工程方向考生做(一)工程力学、（二）机械设计、（三）农业机械与装备3个部分，每个部分分值50分。

②所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效。

③按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

(一)工程力学
一、选择题 (共计12分,每小题3分)
1、梁的横截面形状如图所示，截面对z 轴的抗弯截面模量W z 为（ ）。

（A ）6/2BH （B ） ()6/22bh BH −
（C ） ()H bh BH 6/33− （D ） ()
h bh BH 6/33−
2、承受相同扭矩且长度相等的直径为d 1的实心圆轴与内、外径分别为d 2、
)/(222D d D =α的空心圆轴，二者横截面上的最大切应力相等。

关于二者重之比（W 1/W 2）有如下结论，试判断哪一种是正确的。

（ ）
（A ）234)1(α−； （B ）)1/()1(2324αα−−；
（C ）)1)(1(24αα−−； （D ）)1()1(2234αα−−。

3、对于图示承受轴向拉伸的锥形杆上的点A ，试用平衡概念分析下列四种应力状态中哪一种是正确的。

（ ）。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：849 园艺植物栽培学与育种学
适用专业(领域)：农业与种业领域园艺方向
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号；
一、简答题(共计50分,每小题10分)
1、简述园艺植物的果实中什么是真果，什么是假果？
2、什么叫园艺植物轮作？轮作有何优点？
3、请举例说明园艺植物叶的变态。

4、简述园艺植特品种退化的主要原因。

5、简述影响园艺植物引种驯化成败的因子有哪些？引种成功的标准是什么？
二、论述题(共计100分.每小题20分)
1、试述在园艺植物种植园采用生草法管理土壤的优点。

2、为提高园艺作物种子的发芽率，在播种前需要采取哪些处理措施。

3、试述园艺植物花芽分化的类型。

4、可以采取哪些措施缩短园艺植物营养系杂种的幼年期？
5、如何选育园艺植物自交不亲和系？
2011年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：园艺植物栽培与育种 846
适用领域：农业推广硕士园艺领域
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效。

②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释（共计30分，每小题3分）
1.微体繁殖
2.未熟抽苔
共10页第1页。

湖南农业大学农业知识综合一2015—2018年考研真题试题2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：农业知识综合一 339适用领域：农业推广硕士作物、园艺、农业资源利用、植物保护、草业、种业领域考试需带的工具：考生注意事项：①本试题由植物学、遗传学、植物生理学、农业生态学、植物育种学、土壤学6个部分组成，每个部分分值50分，由考生任选三部分作答，并注明所选部分的序号和科目名称。

如考生作答多于3个部分，则以答题纸上前三部分计分。

②所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效。

③按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

（一）植物学（50分）一、名词解释（每小题2分，共计10分）1. 细胞周期2. 栅栏组织3. 初生生长4. 合轴分枝5. 蒴果二、填空题（每空1分，共计20分）1. 细胞是有机体和的单位。

2. 一个完整的种子由、和种皮三部分组成。

3. 居间分生组织是某些器官保留下来的组织，它的主要功能是使其所在部位进行生长。

4. 植物落叶是由于在叶柄的基部形成了一个重要的区，该区是由和两层组成。

5. 种子植物和微生物的共生关系一般有和两种类型。

6. 叶在茎上有规律排列方式称为，它有、和三种基本类型。

7. 构成雌蕊的单位称，是具生殖作用的。

8. 苔藓植物在其生活史上是以发达，劣势，寄生在上为显著特征的。

三、简答题（每小题5分，共计20分）1. 植物有哪些主要的组织？简要说明它们的功能。

2. 简述双子叶植物茎的增粗过程。

3. 简述花药的发育过程。

4. 蕨类植物的主要特征？（二）遗传学（50分）一、名词解释（共计15分，每小题3分）1. 基因型2. 显性性状3. 等位基因4. 数量性状5. 同源多倍体二、判断题（对的打“√”，错的打“×”，共计10分，每小题2分）1. 基因突变对于生物体都是有害的。

（）2. 减数分裂时染色体数目减半发生在减数分裂后期I。

（）3. 在F2代群体中，表现型相同的个体，基因型也一定相同。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业(领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：语考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、arbitrariness 5、deep structure2、IPA 6、informative function3、manners of articulation 7、encoding4、grammatical category二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point, the speech sound thus produced is a f_________2、Language exist in time and change through time. The description of a language at some point of time iscalled s_________ study of language.3、IC analysis emphasizes the h _________ structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groupsfirst.4、Pitch variation is known as i_________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.5、According to its position in the new word, a _________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.6、P _________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.7、There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and i_________ relation.8、The u_________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.9、H_________ refers to the phenomenon that words with different meanings have the same form.10、C_________ holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather, inthe interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. .三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Free morphemes can be further classified into the inflectional and derivational morphemes.2、（）The phoneme /t/ and /d/ can occur in the same position and they distinguish meaning, therefore theyare said to be in complementary distribution.3、（）Relations of co-occurrence partly belongs to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations.4、（）One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning.5、（）Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations whilelinguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.6、（）In the sentence John loves Mary, John is the argument, loves Mary is the predicate.7、（）When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he is converting one modeof thinking into the other.8、（）The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.9、（）Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of thesame objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.10、（）Structuralists suggested that errors are unavoidable in learning and should be tolerated.四、问答题：从下面各题挑选5题做简单回答(共计20分，每小题4分)1、How do you understand "duality", a design feature of language?2、Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics ? Give your reasons.3、Illustrate the differences between morpheme, phoneme and allomorph with example.4、What is predicate analysis? What is a no-place, one-place, two-place, or three-place predicate?5、Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”6、Explain the following statement with examples: Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences.7、Some students may use the incorrect forms in the left column below instead of the correct ones in the五、英译汉：将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分)When I am experiencing a complex story or novel, the broader planes, and also details, tend to fall away. Rereading them, certain sentences are what greet me as familiars. You have visited before; they say when I recognize them. We encounter books at different times in life, often appreciating them, apprehending them, in different ways. But their language is constant. The best sentences orient us, like stars in the sky, like landmarks on a trail.They remain the test, whether or not to read something. The most compelling narrative, expressed in sentences with which I have no chemical reaction, or an adverse one, leaves me cold. In fiction, plenty do the job of conveying information, rousing suspense, painting characters, enabling them to speak. But only certain sentences breathe and shift about, like live matter in soil. The first sentence of a book is a handshake, perhaps an embrace. Style and personality are irrelevant. They can be formal or casual. They can be tall or short or fat or thin. They can obey the rules or break them. But they need to contain a charge. A live current, which shocks and illuminates.Knowing – and learning to read in – a foreign tongue heightens and complicates my relationship to sentences. For some time now, I have been reading predominantly in Italian. I experience these novels and stories differently. I take no sentence for granted. I am more conscious of them. I work harder to know them. I pause to look something up, I puzzled over syntax I am still assimilating. Each sentence yields a twin, translated version of itself. When the filter of a second language falls away, my connection to these sentences, though more basic, feels purer, at times more intimate, than when I read in English.The urge to convert experience into a group of words that are in a grammatical relation to one anotheris the most basic, ongoing impulse of my life. It is a habit of antiphony: of call and response. Most days begin with sentences that are typed into a journal no one has ever seen. There is a freedom to this; freedom to write what I will not proceed to wrestle with. The entries are mostly quotidian, a warming up of the fingers and brain. On days when I am troubled, when I am grieved, when I am at a loss for words, the mechanics of formulating sentences, and of stockpiling them in a vault, is the only thing that centers me again.六、汉译英：将下列段落翻译成英语(共计30分)三十多年前，我们开始改革开放时，突然认识到，市场是个好东西，认为以前之所以没搞好，根本原因就是没有尊重市场调节。

课程代码及名称：626 风景园林理论综合第1 页共4 页注意：所有答案必须写在答题本上，不得写在试题纸上，否则无效。

一、名词解释（每小题3 分，共18 分）1.鸳鸯厅；4.因时而借·2.八音涧；3. 涵虚毒秀；5.竖向规划；6. 城市双修；二、填空题（每空2 分，共32 分）（一）．填写下列景点的点景植物：7. 拙政园英蓉榻8. 圆明园武陵春色9. 怡园金粟亭10.糯园街廊（二）．填写下列景点所写仿的对象：11. 圆明园北远山村12. 清源园望崛阁13. 避暑山庄双湖夹镜14. 网师园五峰书屋（三）．填写下列园林或景点的主创设计师：15.美国华盛顿罗斯福总统纪念公园（FDR Memor i al Park ) :16.哈佛大学泰纳喷泉（Tanner Fountain ) :17.日本科学技术厅金属材料技术研究所“风磨自练的庭”：18.中国青海原子城纪念园：课程代码及名称：626 风景园林理论综合第2 页共4 页注意：所有答案必须写在答题本上，不得写在试题纸上，否则无效。

（四）．填写下列古代园林的主人：19.西晋洛阳金谷园：20.唐代蓝田辆川别业：21.宋代沧浪亭：22.明代太仓彝山园：三、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）23. 我国古代造园理论著作《一家言》的作者是A.计成B.李渔C.文震亨0.谢灵运24. 凤谷行窝是以下哪座名园的旧址A 留园 B. 网师园 C. 寄畅园0. 拙政园25. “明月清风本无价近水远山皆有情”是以下哪座名亭的对联一一：C. 松风亭0. 月到风来亭A 沧浪亭B. 瀑j馍亭26. 秦始皇十分迷信神仙万术，曾在宫苑中挖池筑岛，摹拟海上仙山形象，开启了西汉宫苑中的求仙活动的先河，此宫苑ftPA. 建章宫B. 兰池宫C. 阿雳宫0. 未央宫27. 文艺复兴后期意大利园林出现追求新奇、表现手法夸张的倾向主要是受哪种风格影响A. 洛可可B. 巴洛克C. 立体主义0. 哥特课程代码及名称：626 风景园林理论综合第3 页共4 页注意：所有答案必须写在答题本上，不得写在试题纸上，否则无效。

2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：园艺植物栽培与育种学839适用专业（领域）：农业推广硕士园艺领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释（共计30分，每小题3分）1. 切花2. 品种3．设施栽培4. 童期5. 无公害蔬菜6. 品种退化7. 果树自花授粉8. 集团选择法9. 芽的早熟性10.异源多倍体二、简答题（共计60分，每小题10分）1．影响引种成败的因子有哪些？引种成功的标准是什么？2．简述秋水仙素使染色体加倍的作用机理及所获多倍体的特点。

3. 简述遮阳网覆盖栽培的环境效应。

4．简述果树花芽分化的主要特点。

5．简述园艺生产在人民生活和国民经济中的地位和作用。

6．简述园艺作物单性结实及其类型。

三、论述题（共计60分，每小题20分）1．如何选育自交不亲和系？2．举例说明露地花卉常见的园林应用方式。

3．如何进行柑橘的保花保果？2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：园艺植物栽培与育种学 839适用专业（领域）：农业硕士园艺领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、简答题(共计50分,每小题 10分)1、简述园艺植物嫁接繁殖的优点。

2、简述园艺植物根外追肥的优点与应注意的事项。

3、简述园艺植物主要的栽植方式。

4、品种具有哪些属性。

5、区别芽变与饰变的分析依据。

二、论述题(共计100分.每小题20分)1、试述影响盆景植物嫁接成活的因素有哪些?2、试述南方地区黄瓜大棚春提早栽培技术要点。

3、试述柑橘保花保果的主要措施有哪些？4、可以采取哪些措施缩短营养系杂种的幼年期？5、如何利用园艺植物核雄性不育两用系用于杂种种子的生产？2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：园艺植物栽培与育种学 839适用专业（领域）：农业硕士园艺领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。