必修四第一单元

高中英语必修四第一单元重点单词讲解1. Ambitious:- Meaning: Having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed or achieve something great.- Example: He is an ambitious student who aspires to become a renowned scientist.2. Determination:- Meaning: The quality of being firm in purpose or intention; having the resolve to continue despite setbacks or obstacles.- Example: Her determination to overcome challenges allowed her to win the Olympic gold medal.3. Emotional:- Meaning: Relating to or characterized by intense feelings or emotions.- Example: Watching a heart-wrenching movie can evoke strong emotional reactions from the audience.4. Enthusiasm:- Meaning: Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.- Example: The crowd's enthusiasm at the concert was infectious, spreading to everyone present.5. Flexible:- Meaning: Able to change or adapt easily according to circumstances.- Example: A flexible work schedule allows employees to maintain a healthy work-life balance.6. Sincere:- Meaning: Genuine, honest, and without deceit or pretense.- Example: His sincere apology made it easier for us to forgive him for his mistakes.7. Stubborn:- Meaning: Refusing to change one's opinion or course of action despite reasoning or persuasion.- Example: The stubborn child insisted on staying up late despite being told it was his bedtime.8. Unique:- Meaning: Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything or anyone else.- Example: Each snowflake is unique, with its own intricate pattern.9. Specialize:- Meaning: To concentrate on and become an expert in a particular subject or skill.- Example: After completing medical school, she decided to specialize in neurology.10. Potential:- Meaning: Having the capacity to develop into something or achieve success in the future.- Example: With hard work and dedication, he maximized his potential and reached great heights in his career.11. Skillful:- Meaning: Executing tasks or activities with proficiency and expertise.- Example: The skillful surgeon performed the complicated operation with precision.12. Talented:- Meaning: Having natural or acquired ability or gift in a particular area.- Example: She is a talented musician who can play multiple instruments flawlessly.13. Courageous:- Meaning: Not deterred by danger or pain; brave and daring.- Example: The firefighter's courageous actions saved many lives during the building collapse.14. Loyal:- Meaning: Faithful and devoted to a person or cause.- Example: He is a loyal friend who always stands by me in difficult times. 15. Creative:- Meaning: Able to create or imagine new and original ideas, solutions, or works.- Example: The artist's creative mind allowed her to produce stunning abstract paintings.16. Adaptable:- Meaning: Capable of adjusting to new conditions or changing circumstances.- Example: Being adaptable is crucial in the ever-evolving field of technology.17. Confident:- Meaning: Believing in one's own abilities; certain of success.- Example: Her confident demeanor helped her secure the job interview.18. Resilient:- Meaning: Able to bounce back or recover quickly from adversity or trauma.- Example: Despite facing many challenges, she remained resilient andcontinued to fight for what she believed in.19. Persistent:- Meaning: Continuing in an effort to achieve something despite obstacles or setbacks.- Example: His persistent dedication finally paid off when he was acceptedinto his dream university.20. Visionary:- Meaning: A person who is capable of imagining future possibilities and innovative ideas.- Example: The visionary leader introduced sustainable practices, leading the company towards a greener future.21. Respectful:- Meaning: Showing regards for the feelings, rights, or traditions of others. - Example: She is respectful of her elders and always listens to their advice.22. Generous:- Meaning: Willing to give or share freely; large-hearted.- Example: He is a generous friend who often helps those in need.23. Humble:- Meaning: Modest and unpretentious; not arrogant or boastful.- Example: Despite his success, he remains humble and grateful for his supporters.24. Kind:- Meaning: Considerate and helpful towards others.- Example: Her kind words brought comfort to the grieving family.25. Modest:- Meaning: Not overly proud or boastful about one's abilities or achievements. - Example: She has a modest approach to her success, always crediting her team for their joint efforts.26. Proud:- Meaning: Feeling a sense of achievement or satisfaction, especially due to something one has done or someone one knows.- Example: As a parent, she is proud to see her child graduate from college. 27. Responsible:- Meaning: Capable of being relied on to act correctly or fulfill one's duties. - Example: He is a responsible citizen who always votes in elections.28. Trustworthy:- Meaning: Reliable and worthy of trust; someone who can be depended on.- Example: She is a trustworthy friend who keeps her promises.29. Amicable:- Meaning: Friendly and easy to get along with; characterized by goodwill. - Example: The divorced couple maintained amicable relations for the sake of their children.30. Compassionate:- Meaning: Showing empathy and understanding towards others who are experiencing hardship or pain.- Example: She is a compassionate nurse who always takes the time to comfort her patients.。

政治必修四第一单元知识点总结本单元主要学习了政治学科的基本概念和基本理论，包括政治学的研究对象、研究方法和基本原理等内容。

在学习过程中，我们深入了解了政治学的研究对象是政治现象，研究方法是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，基本原理是阶级斗争和人民当家作主。

下面对本单元的知识点进行总结。

首先，政治学的研究对象是政治现象。

政治现象是指在社会生活中表现出来的各种政治活动、政治关系和政治现象。

政治现象是政治学研究的基本内容，也是政治学研究的基本对象。

政治现象是政治学研究的基本内容，也是政治学研究的基本对象。

政治学的研究对象是政治现象，这就要求我们在学习政治学的过程中，要注重对政治现象的观察和分析，深入了解政治现象的本质和规律。

其次，政治学的研究方法是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义。

辩证唯物主义是马克思主义哲学的基本原理，它强调对事物的全面、系统的认识，强调对事物的内在联系和发展规律的认识。

历史唯物主义是马克思主义的世界观和方法论，它强调历史的发展是有规律的，强调历史的发展是由人民群众的实践活动决定的。

政治学的研究方法是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，这就要求我们在学习政治学的过程中，要注重对事物的全面、系统的认识，要注重对历史的发展规律的认识。

最后，政治学的基本原理是阶级斗争和人民当家作主。

阶级斗争是马克思主义的基本原理，它强调社会是由阶级斗争推动前进的，强调阶级斗争是社会发展的动力。

人民当家作主是中国特色社会主义的基本原则，它强调人民是历史的创造者，强调人民是国家的主人。

政治学的基本原理是阶级斗争和人民当家作主，这就要求我们在学习政治学的过程中，要注重对阶级斗争的认识，要注重对人民当家作主的认识。

总之，政治必修四第一单元的知识点总结了政治学的基本概念和基本理论。

通过学习，我们深入了解了政治学的研究对象、研究方法和基本原理，对政治学有了更深入的认识。

希望同学们能够在学习中不断加强对政治学的理解，不断提高政治学的应用能力，为将来的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。

必修四unit oneachieve [ 3‘t j i：v] vt.完成；达至U【经典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything. 只要我们努力,任何事情都能成功.【考点聚焦】同义词：accomplish v.完成(任务等)；2)名词：achievement成就；功绩entertain—entertainment,move -movement,equip -equipmentjudge—judg(e)mentm,等.3) achieve的常见搭配：我的记忆卡achieve success获得成功achieve victory 取得胜禾1achieve one ' s purpose 目的achieve one ' sOm 目标achieve a good result彳导至U好的结果achieve one ' s go现某人的目标2) mean的用法Mean doing sth. 意味着做…Eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time.mean to do sth 打算做某事eg. Do you mean to go without moneybehave [b工*heIv] vt. & vi.举动；举止；行为表现【经典例句】He behaved with great courage in the battle. 他在这次战斗中表现得非常勇敢.【考点聚焦】1〕 behavio〔u〕r n.举止；行为；表现；misbehavio〔u〕r n.不良行为2〕常用搭配：behave oneself使举止好；使举止规矩worthwhile [w 3 :日〔h〕wa工l] adj.值得花时间〔精力〕的；有价值的【经典例句】It is worthwhile to visit the museum. 参观这个博物馆是值得的.【考点聚焦】1〕区别worthwhile与worth , worthy的用法：worthwhile意为值得〞,指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的.如：It is worthwhile to read the book.=It is worthwhile reading the book.= Reading the book is worthwhile.这本书值得一读.但不可以说The book is worthwhile reading.worth表示访值……〞时,后接价值数量词；当表示值得〞时,后接名词、代词或动名词〔不能接不定式〕,常用well修饰,不用very.如：This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.这台笔记本电脑值10 000元,很值得买.worthy表示值得〞时,常作表语,结构为worthy of sth..如：It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.这是一份高尚的事业,值得我们努力. worthy后面还可接动名词或不定式,结构分别是worthy of being done和worthy to be done.如：The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered .这次事件值得纪念.observe [nb1z3：v] vt.观察；观测；遵守【经典例句】We should strictly observe the discipline. 我们应该严格遵守纪律.1)同根词：observer n.观察者observation n.观察；观测2)observe 的用法：They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank. 他们被注意着进了专艮行.The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.这个男孩注意着汤姆和他姐姐之间所发生的事.〔3〕举行〔仪式等〕,庆祝〔节日等〕Do you observe Christmas Day_in your country 你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗3〕当表示看“时,observe, watch, see, notice 的区另U：observe相当于watch carefully ,指从不同的角度长时间地看并研究, 尤其用于实验或研究等场合,如observe the stars 〔观察星星〕,observe the behavior of birds 〔观察鸟类的习性〕等；watch意为看；观看,特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西〞.如watch TV 〔看电视〕,watcha game 〔观看比赛〕等；outEg. I can ' t work out the meaning of the poem〔, 说出〕Things have worked out badly.〔进行,开展〕Work out his income 〔算出〕Work out a plan 〔制定,拟定〕argue [' a： gju ： ] vi.争论；辩论vt.争论；说服【经典例句] He argued that the experiment could be done in another way.他认为这项实验可以换一种方法做.2〕argue的用法：argue with over sth.由于.... 和 ... 争辩,如：They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies. 他们正就夕卜交政策与官员们进行辩论. argue+that 从句,如：We argued that we should be paid more.我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水.argue for/against提出理由支持/反对,如：He argued against the use of animals in this experiment. 他反对用动物做这个实验.entertainment [匚付4te工n、[nt] n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演例句】This is a serious novel, not an entertainment. 这是一本严肃的小说,不是消遣读物.【考点聚焦】1〕同根词：entertain v.招待；款待；使...... 欢乐；给..... 娱乐；entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的2〕与entertainment相关的词组：provide entertainment for... 为..... 提供娱乐give an entertainment to sb.招待某人inspire [〈n Ml spa焉]vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示【经典例句】We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr. Bethune.白求恩的英雄事迹使我们大家深受鼓舞.【考点聚焦】1〕名词：inspiration n.灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人2〕inspire 的用法：His speech inspired us.他的发言鼓舞了我们.He inspired me to try again. 他鼓励我再试一次.3〕inspiring 和inspired 的区另kThe students were all inspired by the inspiring song.学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞.communication [k ^J mju : n,'ke工」n] n.通讯；通信；交流【经典例句】He has been in communication with his family. 他一直与家里保持联系.strike [stra工k] v.打击；才T动n.罢工；袭击【经典例句】The union leaders called on a strike .工会领导号召罢工.【考点聚焦】1〕同根词：striker n.罢工者；打击者；striking adj.惹人注目的；打击的；stike 的过去式是struck, 过去分词是struck 或stricken,现在分词是striking.2〕strike的其他一些词义：vt.打；敲；击；袭击；击中；划火柴.如：I struck a match and held it to his cigarette. 我划着一根火柴伸到他的烟上.vt.忽然想起；某种想法忽然出现；给人留下印象.如：An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一计.consideration [k = n^s工d n'reiJ^n] n.考虑；体谅【经典例句】After long consideration he agreed to their requests.考虑许久以后,他同意了他们的请求.【考点聚焦】1〕同根词：considerate adj.体贴人的；体谅人的；considered adj.经过深思熟虑的；considering prep.考虑至U; 就....而论2〕动词consider 〔vt.考虑；认为〕的用法：后接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句.如：I' m conseding changing my job.我正考虑换个工作. 〔接动名词〕take sth. into consideration 考虑至UYour teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when judging your paper.deliver [d工'口g] vt.递送；生〔小孩〕；发表〔演说等〕【经典例句】The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday.教授昨天给我们作了个讲座.【考点聚焦】1〕名词：delivery n.投递；发送;分娩2〕deliver作生〔小孩〕“解时与bear的区别:She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿.bear作生育〞解时是及物动词,如：She bore 〔has borne〕six children.她生了六个孩子.短语巧记典句考点either...or 不是.... 就是....【经典例句】She is either drunk or mad.她不是醉了就是疯了.2〕在either...or的句子中,谓语动词的单复数根据就近的主语而定.如：Either you or your twin sister has broken the glass. 不是你就是你的双胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子.同类用法有：neither...nor两者都不......neither...nor的反义词为both...and两者'都 ..... ",谓语动词那么为复数.be determined to do sth. 决心做某事【经典例句】We are determined to succeed this time.这次我们决心要取得成功.【考点聚焦】1〕同义词组：make up one' s mind 〔to do sth.〕2〕determine vt.〔使〕决定；确定,其用法如下：determine+不定式,如：He determined to learn English.他决定学英语.determine+从句,如：He determined that he would leave.他决定离开.3〕be determined to do sth.短语中determined是形容词,意为坚决的“,还可作定语.如：Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us.居里夫人是一位坚强的女性,给我们树立了好典范.argue for提供支持的理由,为支持....... 而辩论【经典例句】The workers argued for the right to strike.工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论.【考点聚焦】1)常用搭配：argue with (over)sth.与某人辩论某事,如：They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem. 他们正和同班同学争论这个难题的解决方案.2)注意argue后面的介词for和against分别表示不同的含义：Some people argue for free trade.一些人为支持自由贸易辩论. Some people argue against free trade.——些人为反对自由贸易辩论. look downupon/on 看不起,轻视例句】I hope you don ' t look down upon/on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作. 反义词组：think highly of2)以look为核心构成的短语：care for喜欢；照顾【经典例句】Do you care for art你喜欢艺术吗【考点聚焦】1)care for作照顾〞解时,同义词是look after, take care of.2)care for 与care about, take care, take care of 的区另U ：care about指“担忧；关心〞；take care常用于口语中,意为留神；注意〞；或用于分别时或信末时表示保重〞；take care of指照顾；照料；保护〞；3)当care for表示喜欢；想要〞时,常用于疑问句或否认句.as well as除.... 之外还；也；和【经典例句】It is important for you as well as for me.这对于你我同样重要.【考点聚焦】掌握as well as与as well, as good as的区别：as well as相当于介词,用于肯定句中,起连接作用.当主语后面跟有as well as引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定.如：The teacher as well as the students was excited. 老和学生——样冲动.as well指也；又“,用于肯定句句尾,相当于too, also.如：He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well. 他是一个科学家,也是一个诗人.as good as指几乎(是)；等于是“.如：He is as good as dead他几乎是半死不活了.devote...to 把 ... 奉献给【经典例句】He devoted all his life to the cause of education.他将全部生命献给了教育事业. 2)devote oneself to献身于；致力于；专心于；沉溺于.如：He devoted himself completely to work. 他专心于工作.3) 1)devote oneself /sth. to (doing) sth.献身于...... ；致力于..... 如：He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他把一生都献给了为人类谋福利.He devoted his life to promoting/ the promotion of the world peace. 他——生促进世界和平的开展devoted(adj.)深爱的,全心全意的,忠实的a devoted friendShe is devoted to her family. 她深爱她的家庭.句子剖析拓展Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的方案.这是一个倒装句.正常语序的陈述句应当是She was allowed to begin her project after hermother came to help her for the first few 位于句首修饰状语时,主句用倒装结构.“ Only +状语〞开头的句子要用倒装Eg. Only in this way can we learn English betterOnly then did I realize my mistake.直到那时我才知道我的错误.For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals简古多尔帮助世界上的其他人了解并尊重这些动物的生活.【剖析】1)这个句子用的是现在完成进行时,其结构是have (has) + been+动t-ing形式,它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在,可能还会再进行下去.2)the rest of的后面可接可数名词, 也可接不可数名词, 但要注意其后面接的词的单复数, 以便决定后面动词的单复数形式.如：The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的钱都给了他的儿子.The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失踪了.【拓展】辨析：现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时表示动作开始于过去,到现在已经完成了,并且对现在产生了一定影响或结果.如：—What have you done 你干了什么— I have broken a teapot.我打碎了一把茶壶.而现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性.如：—What have you been doing 你一直在做什么— I have been practising the piano.我一直在练弹钢琴.I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.我没有意识到我的作业竟会改变我的生活.【剖析】这是一个以that引导的宾语从句.在这个宾语从句中, was to change属于“be+F定式〞结构,此处表示不可防止的、将要发生的、命中注定的事如：We were sure then that he was to become a very important person.我们当时确信他会成为一位重要人物.【拓展】1) “be动词不定式〞通常用来表示方案、打算(=be going to)〞.如：The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day. 这条铁路将在国庆节通车.2) “be+词不定式〞还可表示命令,意为必须；不得不如：You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完作业才能看电视.It struck me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women ' s education was always placed second to men ' s. 这想法闪电般地划过我的脑海,在那久远的年代,当妇女的教育总是次于男性的时候,一个女子去学医一定是相当困难的.1)在这个句子中,it是形式主语,真正的主语很长,是由how difficult引导的主语从句.2)how difficult引导的主语从句中还包含一个由when引导的定语从句,修饰so long ago.3) “must have+去分词〞用来表示对过去某种情况的推测,可能性极大,意为〜定,肯定发生了某事",只用于肯定句,在疑问句或否认句中常用can/could代替.如：Where can John have put the matches He can ' t have thrown them away.约翰把火柴放到哪里去了他不可能把火柴扔了.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到,是苦干、决心和蔼良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门.1)本句主干结构是：reading made me realize that....是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的结构.2)that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medicalschool是一个由that引导的宾语从句, 作realize的宾语；从句中还有一个以it was that…开头的强调句,被强调的局部是hard work, determination和good nature.3〕further是形容词far的比拟级.far的另一个比拟级是farther.farther意思是 "〔距离、时间上〕更远〞,further意思是更远〞或“〔程度上〕更进一步〞.如：Can you go any farther 你还走得动吗【拓展】强调句型1〕强调的成分有主语、宾语、宾补,还可以强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语, 但不能强调句子的谓语动词.连接词均用that〔强调人时可用who〕,而不用when, where,why 等.强调句在强调主语时,that/who后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致.如果强调疑问词,应该把疑问词放在句首.如：It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room. 在隔壁唱歌的是我父母.When is it that we ' ll hold a meeting会是在什么时候2〕强调句中的谓语动词be可以演变为might be或must have been等形式.如：It might be tomorrow that we should arrive. 我彳门大约在明天至U达.3〕not...until…句式的强调句形式为It wasn ' t until...that.如：It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.直到昨天我才完成这本书.〔原句为：I didn ' t finish the book until yesterday.〕语法剖析主谓一致所谓主谓一致就是在句子中,谓语动词必须在人称和数上和主语保持一致.主语一致的情况如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时,谓语动词用单数形式.如：Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有营养的.②两个作主语的名词或代词由or, not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor…连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近原那么,与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致.如：Neither you nor he is late.你和他者B没有迟至U.③由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语,其主语有every, each, no, many a等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式.如：Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting.所有的老师和同学者B对收藏感兴趣.④当主语是单数的时候, 即使其后有with , along with , together with , as well as, rather than,like , besides, but, except, in addition to等词引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式.如：A woman with two children was seen walking down the street.有人看到一个妇女带着两个小孩朝街道那边走去了.2〕单一名词作主语时的主谓一致①有些学科名词,在形式上虽然是复数形式, 但其实质意义表示单数概念. 它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式.如：No news is good news.没消息就是好消息.〔谚语〕②表示偶数出现、且不能拆成单数的工具名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式.如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜被打碎了.③动名词、不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,从句作主语时也用单数形式.如：Seeing is believing.眼见为实.〔百闻不如一见〕④有些集体名词既可以表示单数, 又可以表示复数,这类集体名词作主语时, 如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解,谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为假设干个体来理解,那么谓语动词用复数形式.如：Our class is diligent.我们班的同学都很刻苦.Our class are visiting the park next week.我们班下星期要参观那个公园.其他情况的主谓一致1)the+形容词“the+容词〞表类别、一类人或物,当它表示一类人时谓语动词用复数,当它表示一类物时谓语动词用单数.如：The beauty is hers.这些漂亮的玩意是她的. (表物)2)在one of+复数名词或代词+从句这样的结构中,谓语动词用单数形式.如：One of them is American.他们当中有一个是美国人.可用于这样结构的还有：neither of, either of, each of等.3) none of none of后面如果连接的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式.如果后面接的是可数名词,那么谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数.如：None of his classmates knows ( know) the truth.他的同学都不知道事情的真相.4) number ofnumber of前加a表示许多的、大量的“,其后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式.number of前加the表示数量、数目,其后无论接可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词都用单数形式.如：A number of people have moved into new houses.许多人搬进了新房.The number of students in class is thirty.教室里有30 人在上课.5) there be+并列主语在there be+并列主语这一句型中,一般情况下谓语动词的选择遵循就近原那么,与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致.如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一枝笔和两本书.6) many a/more than one...many a/more than one + 单数可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 意为不止一个“.如：Many a student is having practice.许多同学正在练习.More than one student was late for school.昨天不止——个人上学迟至U 了.more than two (three...) +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为两个(三个……)以上〞.如：More than two students were late for school yesterday.昨天有两个以上的学生迟到了.7) 主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式.如：Four kilometers is not very far.四公里不算远.8) 分数或百分数+of+词组在分数或百分数+of+词组作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式.如：Two fifths of students are girls.有五分之二的学生是女生.Ten percent of families owns a %的家庭有小汽车.。

重点单词.词组讲解1. achievement n.1. 达成;完成[U]2. 成就,成绩[C]sense of achievement 成就感people of achievement 有成就的人achieve vt. 完成,实现;达到You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen. 那位演员十九岁时就成名了。

achieve one’s dream 实现梦想achieve success 实现成功achieve the goal 实现目标achieve ,realize, come true的区别achieve：实现成绩、目标，主语是人。

realize：实现，意识到，多指意识到某种道理、规律什么的，主语是人。

come true：实现，多指梦想、蓝图、计划，主语是梦想蓝图计划什么的。

【期末测试】Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A. acquiredB. finishedC. concludedD. achieved【2015北京】But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.【2012天津】Teachers’knowledge is the key to students’achievements.2. campaignn. [C]1. 战役The campaign to seize the city was a failure. 攻占这个城市的战役失败了。

政治必修四第一单元知识点总结
国家政权：这是指国家通过各种制度和组织所表现出来的支配和管理国家事务的权力，是国家最高权力的集中体现。

国家政权是由国家机关代表国家行使的国家权力，主要内容包括国家立法权、行政权和司法权。

政权的合法来源是人民群众，体现了人民的意志和利益。

政权的性质是建立在非常有组织的国家机构上的，是经过宪法规定的。

政权的职能作用是管理国家事务，维护国家利益并实现国家目标。

国家的概念：国家是指在一定领土范围内的、由人民组成的，具有独立的政治地位和完整的主权的社会组织。

国家需要一个相对固定的领土范围，这样才能维护国家内部秩序并与其他国家进行交往。

国家统一是指整个国家的领土完整统一，国家主权不受到侵犯和依附其他国家。

国家与政府：国家是一个具有独立政治地位和完整主权的社会组织，而政府是国家政权组织的机关，是具体执政的机构。

哲学与生活的关系：哲学来源于生活，又高于生活。

哲学的智慧产生于人类的实践活动。

哲学反作用于生活，哲学总是自觉或者不自觉地影响着人们的学习、工作和生活。

只有真正的哲学才能指导人们正确地认识和改造世界，才是指导人们生活得更好的艺术。

哲学是系统化、理论化的世界，哲学是世界观和方法论的统一。

世界观人人都有，但一般人的世界观往往是自发的、零散的。

哲学是关于世界观的学问，是系统化、理论化的世界观。

以上就是政治必修四第一单元的主要知识点，这些知识点涵盖了国家政权、国家的概念、国家与政府的关系，以及哲学与生活、世界
观与方法论的关系等内容，为我们理解政治现象和进行政治实践提供了重要的理论基础。

人教版英语必修四第一单元课文翻译UNIT1非洲野生动物研究者清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。

简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。

我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。

这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。

大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。

然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。

在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。

简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。

她说对了。

不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。

我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一切回窝里睡觉了。

我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。

在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。

她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。

从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。

但是，这不是一件简单的事。

当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。

她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。

她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。

比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。

而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。

她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。

她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。

40年来，简?古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。

她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。

她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。

她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。

我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。

每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。

人教版高中英语必修四第一单元单词讲解1.achieve①gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etc （通常藉努力﹑技巧﹑勇气等）获得或达到（某事物）:achieve success, one's ambition, notoriety, peace of mind获得成功﹑实现抱负﹑落得个臭名﹑得到心情的平静.②get (sth) done; accomplish or complete 做成（某事物）; 实现; 完成: I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do.我希望做到的, 我仅完成了一半.> achievable adj (of an objective) that can be achieved （指目的）可完成的, 可达到的. achievement n①[U] action of achieving 完成; 达到: celebrate the achievement of one's aims庆祝愿望的实现.②[C] thing done successfully, esp with effort and skill 成就, 成绩（尤指藉努力和技巧而得到者）: the greatest scientific achievement of the decade 这十年的最伟大的科学成就.2.campaign n①series of military operations with a particular aim, usu in one area 战役: He fought in the N African campaign during the last war. 在上次战争中他在北非战役参战.②series of planned activities with a particular social, commercial or political aim 运动（为某一社会的﹑商业的或政治的目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）:a campaign against nuclear weapons反对核武器运动* an advertising campaign, ie to promote a particular product 广告宣传运动（以推销某产品）* an election campaign 竞选运动* a campaign to raise money for the needy为贫苦人筹款的运动.> campaign v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for/against sb/sth)take part in or lead a campaign 参加或领导一战役或运动: She spent her life campaigning for women's rights. 她毕生致力於女权运动. *campaign to have sanctions imposed发起实施制裁的运动. campaigner n person who campaigns 参加战役或运动的人: an old campaigner, ie sb with much experience of a particular activity 老练的人.3.behave v①[I, Ipr] ~ well, badly, etc (towards sb) act or conduct oneself in the specified way （举止或行为）表现: She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲. * He has behaved shamefully towards his wife. 他对妻子的态度很可耻.②[I, Tn] ~ (oneself) show good manners; conduct oneself well 表现良好; 行为良好: Children, please behave (yourselves)!孩子们, 规矩些!③[I] (of machines, etc) work or function well (or in another specified way) （指机器等）运转或性能良好: How's your new car behaving?你的新汽车好使吗?> -behaved (forming compound adjs用以构成复合形容词) behaving in a specified way 有某种表现的:well-/ ill-/ badly-behaved children.4.shade n①[U] ~ (from sth)(place where there is) comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth blocking direct light or heat, esp of the sun 荫; 阴凉处:a temperature of 35C in the shade 阴凉处35C的温度* sit in the shade of a tree, wall, etc 坐在树﹑墙等的阴凉处* Stay in the shade it's cooler.呆在背阴处吧--那儿凉快些. * The trees give some welcome shade from the sun. 这些树遮住了阳光, 很舒适凉快.②[C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thing that shuts out light or makes it less bright 遮光物:an `eye-shade 遮光帽檐*a new shade for the `lamp/`lampshade新灯罩.③shades [pl] the ~s of sth(fml 文) the darkness of sth 黑暗: the shades of evening/night暮[夜]色.④shades [pl] (infml 口esp US) sun-glasses 墨镜.⑤[U] darker part(s) of a picture, etc （图画﹑照片等的）较阴暗部分: There is not enough light and shade in your drawing.你这幅画的明暗色调不够.⑥[C] (degree or depth of) colour; hue 颜色; 色度: material in several shades of blue 几种色度的蓝色材料*choose a lighter shade 选择淡些的颜色* Do you like the blouse in this shade?你喜欢这种色度的女衬衫吗?⑦(a) [C] ~of sth slight difference in sth 细微的差别: a word with many shades of meaning有许多相近意思的一个词* people with all shades of opinion意见不一的人们. (b) [sing] a ~ (better, worse, etc) a small amount 少量; 些微: I think it's a shade warmer today.我觉得今天暖和一点儿. *She feels a shade better than yesterday. 她感觉比昨天好一些.⑧shades [pl] ~ s of sb/sth (infml 口) reminders of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的联想:`Shades of Hitler!' I thought, as I listened to the dictator haranguing the crowd. 那个独裁者向群众声嘶力竭地训话, 我一听就想到, ‘真像希特勒!’ *In some modern fashions we can see shades of the 1930s.在有些摩登时装中可以看到三十年代的影子.⑨[C] (fml 文) soul after death; ghost 灵魂; 鬼魂; 阴魂: the shades of my dead ancestors 我的先祖的幽魂.⑩(idm 习语)put sb/sth in the `shade be very superior to sb/sth 使某人[某事物]相形失色:I thought I was quite a good artist, but your painting puts mine in the shade. 我原以为自己画得不错, 可比起你的画儿来未免相形见绌.> shade v①[Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb/sth (from sth) block off light from sb/sth; give shade to sb/sth 给某人[某物]遮住光线; 给某人[某物]阴凉: She shaded her eyes (from the sun) with her hand.她把手放在眼睛上方挡住阳光.②[Tn] screen (a lamp, light, etc) to reduce its brightness 遮挡（灯﹑光等）以减弱亮度: shade the bulb with a dark cloth用深色布遮挡灯泡使光暗些.③[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in)darken (a part of a drawing, etc), eg with parallel pencil lines, to give an effect of light and shade 将（图画等的某部）颜色加深（如加铅笔线条以显出明暗效果）: shade (in) this area to represent the person's shadow 把这部分画暗些以显出人影* the shaded areas on the map地图上颜色深的地方.④[Ipr, Ip]~ from sth into sth; ~ (off) into sth (esp of colours) change gradually into (another colour or variety) （尤指颜色）逐渐变成（其他颜色）:scarlet shading (off) intopink 猩红色逐渐变成粉色* a colour that shades from blue into green由蓝逐渐变绿的颜色* (fig比喻)socialism shading into communism逐渐向共产主义过渡的社会主义. shading n [U] (use of) pencil marks, etc that give an effect of darkness in a part of a picture （绘画的）明暗（运用）.5.observe v①[I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt only passive 只用於被动语态, Tng, Tni] see and notice (sb/sth); watch carefully 看到, 注意到（某人[某事物]）; 观察; 监视: He observes keenly, but says little.他观察敏锐, 但是很少说话. *observe the behaviour of birds 观察鸟类的行为*She observed that he'd left but made no comment. 她看见他离去, 但未置一词. * They observed how the tiny wings were fitted to the body.他们观看了微型翼的安装情况. * The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他. * The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况.②[Tn] (fml 文) (a) obey (rules, laws, etc) 遵守, 奉行（规则﹑法令等）:observe the speed limit 遵守速度限制规定* observe the laws of the land遵守该国法律. (b) celebrate (festivals, birthdays, anniversaries, etc) 庆祝, 过（节日﹑生日﹑周年等）:Do they observe Christmas Day in that country?那个国家的人过圣诞节吗?③[Tn, Tf] (fml 文) say by way of comment; remark 评说; 评论: He observed that it would probably rain.他说很可能下雨. * `It may rain,' he observed.‘可能要下雨, ’他说. > observer n①person who observes 观察者; 遵守者; 评论者:an observer of nature 自然界的观察家*a poor observer of speed restrictions不遵守速度限制的人.②person who attends a conference, lesson, etc to listen and watch but not to take part （会议﹑课堂等的）观察员, 旁听者:an observer at a summit conference 高峰会议上的观察员* send sb along as an observer派某人作观察员.6.respect n①[U]~ (for sb/sth)admiration felt or shown for a person or thing that has good qualities or achievements; regard 尊敬; 敬重; 钦敬: a mark, token, etc of respect尊敬的标志﹑表示等* have a deep, sincere, etc respect for sb 深深地﹑由衷地...敬重某人*I have the greatest respect for you/hold you in the greatest respect. 我非常尊敬您. * The new officer soon won/earned the respect of his men. 那新来的军官很快博得了士兵的钦敬.②[U] ~ (for sb/sth)politeness or consideration arising from admiration or regard 尊敬之表示; 尊重之情: Children should show respect for their teachers.学生要尊敬老师. * Out of respect, he took off his hat.他脱帽以示敬意. *have some, little, no, etc respect for sb's feelings相当﹑不太﹑毫不...尊重某人的感情* With (all due) respect, sir, I disagree. 先生, 恕我直言, 我不能同意.③[U] ~ (for sb/sth) protection or recognition 维护; 承认; 尊重: very little respect for human rights极不尊重人权.④[C] particular aspect or detail 方面; 着眼点: in this one respect 在这一点上* in some/all/many/several/few respects 在某些[各个/许多/几个/极少]方面*In what respectdo you think the film is biased?你认为影片在哪一方面失之偏颇?⑤(idm 习语) in respect of sth (fml or commerce 文或商) as regards sth; with special reference to sth 关於某事物; 就某方面而言: The book is admirable in respect of style. 这本书风格极佳. * price rises in respect of gas and water costs煤气费和水费涨价.with respect to sth(fml or commerce 文或商) concerning sth 涉及﹑提到或关於某事物: This is true with respect to English but not to French. 这一点在英语属实而在法语则不同. * With respect to your enquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet.关於你的询问, 兹附上有关说明资料.7.argue v①[I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) express an opposite opinion; exchange angry words; quarrel 争论; 争辩; 争吵: The couple next door are always arguing. 邻居的夫妇总吵架. * Don't argue with your mother.不要和母亲争辩. * We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱.②[I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (for/against sth) give reasons for or against sth, esp with the aim of persuading sb 说理; 争辩; 辩论:He argues convincingly.他的辩解很有说服力. * argue for the right to strike 为争取罢工权利而辩论*I argued that we needed a larger office.我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室.③[Tn] (fml 文) discuss (sth); debate 讨论; 辩论: The lawyers argued the case for hours. 律师们对那个案件辩论了几小时.④(idm 习语),argue the `toss say that one disagrees about a decision反对某项决定: Let's not argue the toss we have to accept his choice.我们不必争论已经决定的事--只好听他的.⑤(phr v)argue sb into/out of doing sth persuade sb to do/not to do sth by giving reasons 说服﹑劝说某人做[不做]某事: They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉.> arguable adj①that can be argued or asserted 可论证的; 可断言的:It is arguable that we would be just as efficient with fewer staff. 我们的职员少一些也能发挥同样效率, 这是言之成理的.②not certain; questionable 可疑的; 有问题的: This account contains many arguable statements. 这种说法含有很多疑点.arguablyadv one can argue(2) that 可争辩地; 按理; 按说: John sings very well though Peter is arguably the better actor.约翰唱得很好, 不过按理说彼得演得更好.8.crowd v①[Ipr, Ip]~ around/round(sb)gather closely around (sb) 聚集在（某人）周围: People crowded round to get a better view. 人们争相围观. * Pupils crowded round (their teacher) to ask questions. 小学生围着（老师）提问题.②[Tn] fill (a space) so that there is little room to move 充塞（某空间）:Tourists crowded the pavement.游客把人行道挤得水泄不通. *crowd a restaurant, theatre, beach, etc挤满餐厅﹑剧院﹑海滨等.③[Tn] (infml 口) put pressure on (sb); harass给（某人）施加压力; 逼迫: Don't crowd me: give me time to think!不要逼我: 给我时间让我想想!④(idm 习语) crowd on `sail (nautical 海) raise many sails in order to increase speed 扬起许多风帆（以增加速度）.⑤(phr v)crowd in on sb (of thoughts, etc) come into the mind in large numbers （指想法等）大量涌现:Memories crowded in on me.往事一齐涌上我心头.crowd into sth; crowd in move in large numbers into a small space 大批涌入（某狭小空间内）: Supporters crowded through the gates into the stadium.来捧场的人挤过大门, 涌入运动场. * We'd all crowded into Harriet's small sitting-room. 我们大家涌进了哈丽特那狭小的客厅. * (fig 比喻)Disturbing thoughts crowded into my mind.我心乱如麻. crowd sb/sth into sth; crowd sb/sth in put many people or things into a small space or period of time; cram (sb/sth) into sth 使很多人或物挤进狭小空间或在短时期涌现出来; 勉强塞入: They crowd people into the buses.他们让许多人挤进公共汽车里. * Guests were crowded into the few remaining rooms.把客人都挤在剩余的几个房间里了. * She crowds too much detail into her paintings. 她的画过於繁杂.crowd sb/sth out (of sth) (a) keep sb/sth out of a space by filling it oneself 挤占某空间使某人[某物]无法进入: The restaurant's regular customers are being crowded out by tourists. 这家餐馆的老主顾被游客挤得不得其门而入.(b) prevent sb/sth from operating successfully 排挤某人[某事物]: Small shops are being crowded out by the big supermarkets. 小商店受到大型超级市场不断排挤.9.support[Tn] help to show that (a theory, claim, etc) is true; confirm 支持（某理论﹑主张等）; 证实; 肯定: a theory that is not supported by the facts缺乏事实根据的理论* This evidence supports my argument that she is guilty. 这一证据支持了我认为她有罪的推定.10.refer v (-rr-)①[Ipr]~ to sb/sth (a) mention or speak of sb/sth; allude to sb/sth 提到﹑说到或涉及到某人[某事物]: When I said some people are stupid, I wasn't referring to you. 我说有些人很愚蠢, 并不是指你. * Don't refer to this matter again, please.请不要再提这件事了. * This incident in his childhood is never again referred to.他小时候的这件事永远不再提了.(b) be relevant to sb/sth; concern sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关; 关系到某人[某事物]: WhatI have to say refers to all of you. 我要说的事和你们大家都有关.②[Ipr]~ to sth/sb turn to sth/sb for information, etc 向某事物[某人]查询信息等: refer to a dictionary, an expert 查词典﹑询问专家* I referred to my watch for the exact time. 我看了一下手表好知道准确的时间. *The speaker often referred to his notes.那个讲演的人不时地看发言稿.③[Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth to sb/sth send sb/sth to sb/sth for help, advice, action, etc 将某人[某事物]送交某人[某事物]以谋求帮助﹑指点﹑行动支持等: refer a patient to a specialist for treatment 把病人交给专科医生治疗* The dispute wasreferred to the United Nations/to arbitration. 该项争端已提交联合国处理[予以仲裁]. * I was referred to the manager/the enquiry office. 人家叫我去找经理[去问讯处]. * The reader is referred to page 3. 请读者参看第3页.④(phr v)refer sth back (to sb) return (a document, etc) to the sender for further clarification 将（文件等）退给送件人予以澄清: The letter was referred back (to us) with a query. 该函已退给（我方）要求对某问题加以解释.11.intend/ v①(a) [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tnt, Tg, Cn.n/a, Dn.n] ~ sth (as sth) have (a particular purpose or plan) in mind; mean 打算; 意欲; 想要: I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I intended (it should). 我本想随便商量一下, 结果事与愿违. *It's not what I intended (it to be).那并不是我的本意. *I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying.听说他们要结婚了. *I intended to do it, but I'm afraid I forgot. 我本有意去做, 但很遗憾, 我忘记了. *I don't intend to listen to this rubbish any longer! 我再也不想听这种无稽之谈了! *I intended it as a joke.我不过说笑罢了. * He intends you no harm, ie does not plan to harm you. 他对你并无恶意. (b) [Tf, Tnt] have (sth) as a fixed plan or purpose for sb else 为某人定下计画或目标: I intend that you shall take over the business.我有意让你接管公司. * I intend you to take over.我打算让你来接管. * You weren't intended(ie supposed) to hear that remark.你按说不应该听那些话.②[Dn.pr]~ sth for sb plan that sb should receive or be affected by sth 为某人准备某事物; 要使某人受某事物的影响:I think the bomb was intended for (ie planned to harm) me. 我认为那颗炸弹是要炸我的.③[Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth plan that sth should be or become sth 打算使某事物成为另一事物: Was that remark intended as(ie supposed to be) a joke?那句话是不是当作笑话说的?④[Tn.pr] ~ sth by sth plan that sth should have the specified meaning 欲使某事物具有某意义; 意指; 意谓:What did he intend by that remark? 他说那话是什麽意思?> intended adj①[attrib 作定语] planned; meant; desired 计画的; 打算的; 意欲的: the intended meaning, result, effect, purpose原来的意思﹑想要的结果﹑预期的效果﹑原有的目的.②~ for sb/sth [pred 作表语] planned or designed for sb/sth 为（某人[某事物]）计画或设计:a book, course, programme, etc intended for children, adults, beginners, etc 为儿童﹑成人﹑初学者等而写的书﹑开设的课程﹑编排的节目等* water (not) intended for drinking（非）饮用水.12.deliver v①[I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]~ (sth) (to sb/sth) take (letters, parcels, goods, etc) to the places or people they are addressed to 递送, 传送（信件﹑包裹﹑货物等）: We deliver (your order) to your door! 我们送货上门! * A courier delivered the parcels (to our office). 送急件的人将包裹送来（送到我们办公室）了. * Did you deliver my message to my father?你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗?②(a) [Tn.pr only passive 只用於被动语态]be ~ed of sb (fml文) give birth to (a child) 生（小孩儿）: She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生了一个健康的男孩儿. (b) [Tn] help a mother to give birth to (a child) 协助产妇分娩; 助产; 接生: Her baby was delivered by her own doctor.她的婴儿是由她自己的医生给接生的. (c) [Tn.pr]~ oneself of sth(fml 文) state sth 发言; 发表: deliver oneself of an opinion, a judgement, etc发表意见﹑看法等.③[Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) (to sb) (fml 文) give sth up; hand sth over; surrender sth 放弃某事物; 交出某物: deliver (up) a fortress to the enemy 弃守要塞任敌人占据* deliver over one's property to one's children把财产交给子女.④[Tn, Tn.pr] give (a lecture, sermon, speech, etc) 授（课）; 讲（道）; 讲（话）: She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 她给学会作了一次有关哲学的讲话.⑤[Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb (from sth) (arch古) rescue sb (from sth); save sb; free sb 拯救某人; 解救某人; 释放某人: May God deliver us from evil. 愿上帝拯救我们脱离罪恶.⑥(a) [Tn] throw or launch (sth) in flight; release 投掷, 发射（某物）; 放出: In cricket, the ball is delivered overarm. 打板球时, 要举臂过肩掷球. * The missile is delivered from underground. 这种导弹由地下发射. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a blow) 给予（打击）: deliver a blow to the jaw 给颌部一击* (fig 比喻) The teacher delivered a sharp rebuke to the class.教师尖刻地申斥了全班学生.⑦(infml 口) (a) [I, Ipr]~ (on sth) give what is expected or promised 不负所望; 履行诺言: They promise to finish the job in June, but can they deliver (on that)?他们答应六月份完成这项工作, 但他们能说到做到吗? (b) [Tn] achieve (a level of performance) 达到（某一能力﹑性能等的水平）: The new model delivers speed and fuel economy. 这种新型设计能提高速度﹑节约燃料. * If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you're fired!你要是不能提高销售额, 就把你解雇!⑧(idm 习语) come up with/deliver the goods => goods.> deliverer n①person who delivers (deliver 1, 2, 3, 4) 递送者; 助产者; 述说者; 放弃者; 交付者; 授课者; 讲道者; 演讲者.②rescuer; saviour 拯救者; 救星.。

必修四第一单元单词考点（带音标）achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt]n. 成就；功绩achieve one’s goal 实现某人的目标△Joan of Arc 圣女贞德（法国民族女英雄）△Elizabeth Fry [iliðə’beθ‘frai]伊丽莎白?弗赖伊（英国慈善家）△Quaker [‘kweikə] n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员welfare [ˈwelfeə(r)]n.福利；福利事业project /‘prɔdʒekt/ n. 项目；工程；规划institute [‘institjut] n. 学会；学院；协会△China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会specialist [‘speʃəlist]n.专家；专业工作者special 特殊的；专门的△specialize [‘speʃəlaiz]vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于△Jane Goodall 简.古道尔(英国动物学家)△chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩connection [kəˈnekʃ(ə)n] n. 连接；关系human being 人类△Jody Williams [dʒəudi ‘wiliəms]乔迪.威廉斯（美国诺贝尔和平奖得者）campaign [kæm’pein] n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动△landmine n. 地雷organization n. 组织；机构；团体organize v.△Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园(位于坦桑尼亚)behave [bɪˈheɪv]vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour (=behavior) / bɪ`heɪvjər /行为；举止；习性shade n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线shadow n. 影子；阴影move off 离开；起程；出发worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的nest n. 巢；窝bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe [əbˈzɜːv] vt. 观察；观测；遵守observation [əbzɜːˈv eiʃən]n. 观察；观测childhood n. 童年；幼年时代boyhood neighbourhood outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚speak out 毫无保留地说出outstanding 杰出的stand out 突出；显眼respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意respectable 可敬的；体面的respectful 有礼貌的；恭敬的argue [‘a:gju] vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论argue with sb about sthargument n. 争论；争辩；争吵entertainment [entəˈteɪnmənt]n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演entertain v. lead a …life 过着……的生活live a …… lifecrowd [kraud] n. 人群；观众vt. 挤满；使拥挤crowded adj 拥挤的crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə] vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示△inspiration [inspə‘reiʃə n] n. 灵感；鼓舞support [səˈpɔːt]n. & vt. 支持；拥护support one’s family 养家糊口look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起look up to 敬仰refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考refer to 查阅；参考；谈到audience[ˈɔːdɪəns]n. 观众；听众；读者by chance 碰巧；凑巧come across （偶然）遇见；碰见△career [kə’riə] n. 事业；生涯rate n. 比率；速度sickness n. 疾病；恶心intend [in’tend]vt. 计划；打算emergency [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ]n. 突发事件；紧急情况generation [dʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 一代；一辈△determination [dɪtɜːmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n]n. 决心；果断be determined to do sthdetermine to do sthmake up one’s mind to do sth kindness n. 仁慈；好意be kind to sb 对某人友善considerate [kənˈsɪdərət]adj. 考虑周到的take sth into consideration 考虑某事consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 考虑；体谅deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）carry on 继续；坚持carry out 执行modest [ˈmɔdɪst]adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的。