高考英语介词专题复习
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超实用高考英语专题复习:专题05 介词专题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
介词虽然小,但是用法纷繁复杂。
所以介词的学习需要大量的记忆。
简单来说介词的位置分为: 介词的宾语(用在介词后)介词不能独立使用,在介词后须带有宾语.其宾语形式主要是名词,另外还有相当于名词的成分,比如代词、数词、动名词或动名词短语及名词性从句.与介词搭配的词(用在介词前):与介词连用,置于介词前面的词主要有动词(depend on)、名词( pay attention to)和形容词( be kind to)。
根据介词的意义和用法,本章内容安排如下【课前检测】1.[2020全国I,65]The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters ( 环形山),more so_________ the familiar near side.2.[2020全国Ⅱ,67]Bamboo plants are associated_________ health, abundance and a happy home.3.[2020浙江,56]Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________, through agriculture.4.[2020新高考I(山东),45]Museums must compete____ people's spare time and money with other amusements.5.[2019 浙江,61] The answer_____ this question is not clear.6.[2019全国I,63]We were first greeted with the barking by a pack_______ dogs, seven to be exact.7.[2018全国Ⅲ,67]I was searching _________ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.8.[2018 浙江11 月,60]One cup of coffee _________ the late afternoon or evening will cause them to stay awake almost all night.9.[2017 乙卷(全国I),61]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)______ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease. ..10.[2016 天津,8] Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ______her opinion on the subject.11.[2020全国Ⅱ改错]I’m glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.12.[2019全国Ⅲ改错]I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty".13.[2018 全国Ⅱ改错]Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.14.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]They have also bought for some gardening tools.课中讲解:考点一:时间介询1.in/on/at(1)in①表示年、月、季节、世纪、上午、下午、晚上等in 2011; in January; in summer; in the 21st century; in the morning/afternoon/evening②“in十时间段”表示将来“......(时间)以后”I'll move to Beijing in two years.“after十时间段”也表示“......(时间)以后”,但常用于一般过去时中。
介词和介词短语(Prepositions)重点用法①介词的种类1.根据形式可以将介词分为简单介词(如in,on,for等)、合成介词(如inside,without等)、双重介词(from behind,from among等)、动词-ing形式的介词(如including,regarding等)和短语介词(如in front of,out of等)。
根据意义可将介词分为表示时间、场所、方向等的介词,介词在句中不能独立做成分。
2.表示时间的介词after在……之后before在……之前around大约……at在……时by到……为止in在……后on在……时till/until直到……3.表示场所、方向的介词across在……对面along沿着……at在……in在……里on在……上above在……上方under/below在……下面beside在……旁边behind在……后面before/in front of在……前面between在……之间among在……之间4.其他介词about关于;对于from从;自从with与……一起;用of……的;属于……的to向;到;对as担任;像;作为for对于;为了;给……besides除了……还有重点用法②表示时间的常用介词辨析用法:1.at表示时刻、时间的某一点;on表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午;in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内)。
at lunch在午餐时on Monday在周一in January在一月2.before表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
3.by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;until/till表示“直到……为止”;by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成,而until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
英语高考介词专题复习(含答案)4学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单项选择1.The man got up and shouted that he was the equal ______ any boxer at the Fair.A.at B.to C.with D.of2.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _____ favors to them. A.in preference to B.in place of C.in exchange for D.in agreement with3.--- When will the party be held?--- It is still _____.A.making preparation B.making preparations C.in preparation D.in preparations 4._________ all the inventors have_____ common is that they are curious about the things around.A.What...inB.Where...asC.Where...inD.What...with5.Americans like standing two or four feet away from people when they talk or wait in line. ,Asians stand much closer,A.On the contraryB.As a resultC.In contrastD.In addition6.AlphaGo, an artificial intelligence machine outperformed Lee, which made the five-match score 4-1 ___________ AlphaGo.A.in support of B.in favor ofC.in defense of D.in need of7.—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?—It’s nothing. Just something _________.A.as clear as day B.off the top of my headC.under my nose D.beyond my wildest dreams8.All the candidates are excellent, but I like the last one ________ — his experience is just what we need at the moment.A.in brief B.in particular C.in practice D.in total 9.Soon his warm smile put me ____,and we spent the next 2 hours talking freely.A.at eases B.for ease ofC.at ease D.with ease10.We mustn’t waste anything. ________ you shouldn’t waste time.A.In all B.At all C.Above all D.After all 11.The serious expression of the captain kept his crew _________.A.in the distance B.from a distance C.in a distance D.at a distance 12.Your father likes to play golf. He’s really enthusiastic ________ it.A.by B.about C.with D.on 13.Harry Potter impressed children _______ his bravery and wisdom.A.with B.on C.upon D.for14.______ arriving at the airport, we were given a warm welcome by our friends. A.With B.At C.Upon D.Until 15.These comments came ______________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A.in memory of B.in response toC.in touch with D.in possession of16.It is typical _______ him to be late for meeting, _____makes us very angry.A.of, as B.for, asC.of , which D.for, which17.—— Have they made the final decision?——Yes, but it’s ________ likely that they will change their mind again tomorrow. A.rather than B.other than C.less than D.or rather 18.The old lady helped me a lot when I was in trouble. I do wish I could do something for her one day.A.in return B.in commonC.in theory D.in turn19.Would you like to share your first impression ________ the new school uniform with us ? A.of B.on C.to D.into 20.This book is concerned ________ the development of China; while most readers are concerned more ________ the hero's fate.A.with; about B.about; with C.for; about D.for; with 21.______, the students in Shiyan High School do about 3000 meters every day, ______ their parents may do far more than that.A.In theory; but B.On average; whileC.In particular; when D.In response; where22.Sherlock Holmes is famous ____ a detective as he is known ___ everybody ____ his quick thinking and careful observation.A.as; to; for B.to; for; by C.for; to; as D.to; as; for 23.It's the third time that I _________ you _________ your promise.A.reminded; about B.have reminded; ofC.reminded; of D.have reminded; about24.With all the money __________, the man had to make a living by begging.A.using up B.used up C.using up of D.given out 25.The city was ________ attack during the night.A.in B.under C.on D.against 26.The scientists discovered a 4,000-year-old bowl ______ accident.A.on B.to C.in D.by27.The notice says, “It’s cheaper by 20% if you book the tickets ________.”A.in all B.in addition to C.in addition D.in advance 28.passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A.For . B.Without C.Beneath D.By 29.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years. A.through B.upC.with D.from30.Lily got up at 6:00 o’clock ________ but she realized it was Sunday soon.A.as usual B.as possibleC.at present D.at last31.His future lies __________ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.A.as usual B.in ruinsC.by mistake D.on purpose32.________ on the book, he was attracted by its plot.A.With his eyes fixed B.With his eyes to fixC.With his eyes fixing D.With his eyes to be fixed33.I saw a lion ________ when I was about four years old.A.the first time B.for the first time C.in the first time D.over the first time34.The problem is ________ being settled, so it will be discussed again.A.nothing like B.more than C.all the time D.far from二、用所给词的正确形式填空阅读下列句子,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式或根据首字母提示完成句子。
高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语由介词+宾语构成,在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。
in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等aboutbe about to …即将做……What/How about …?……怎么样for交换:He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.达到某一数值:She wrote a check for £20.赞成,拥护:I’m for getting up early and going to bed early.固定搭配:for one thing首先for example例如for ever永远for the time being 暂时,目前for instance 例如for free免费for the first time 第一次for sale出售,待售watch out for警惕long for 渴望for one’s good为(某人)好with和……一起::He is playing table tennis with Tom.用……工具:Don’t write with a pencil.随着:The weather changes with seasons.带有,具有:Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.行为方式:Handle with care!原因:She shivered with cold.注意:with的复合结构:常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。
She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)她经常开着窗户睡觉。
高三英语教案:介词与介词短语专项复习
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本文题目:高三英语教案:介词与介词短语专项复习
【备考策略】
一、介词和介词短语
介词是一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的
其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语,才能在句中充当某一个成分。
介词短语
在句中可充当状语,表语,定语及补语等成分。
How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!
Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
二、连词。
高考英语语法复习词法知识讲解一、介词介词,顾名思义,是中介,是介绍其他实词,所以介词是虚词,不能独立存在。
介词的英文是preposition,pre(在...之前)position(位置),所以介词就是前面位置的词,前置词。
介词的本质就是关系,是词和词之间的关系。
介词占据常用英文单词的40%以上。
搞懂了介词,就学会了一半的英语。
(一)规律学习介词,你不要陷入汪洋大海之中,要先抓住基本规律。
第一条规律:中文也有介词,怎么理解中文,就怎么理解英文。
比如,表示时间,在7点前吃,在7点时吃,在7点后吃;表示位置,在桌上吃,在屋里吃,在路边吃。
第二条规律:从一个介词的基本意思出发,延伸理解其他意思。
每个介词有很多意思,对我们来说看似风马牛不相及,但如果从它的本意出发,就会发现相关性很大。
下面我们要介绍一些常用介词,你要先理解它的本意。
(二)表示方位表示位置是绝大多数介词的本意,因为介词的英文就是preposition。
1、in,on,atin - 在...里面。
in the box在盒子里由于是在里面,所以一般表示在一个大的地方里,比如in China;in the cityon - 在...上面。
on the box在盒子上由于是在上面,所以也有接壤、毗邻的意思,比如Russia is on the north of China. 俄罗斯在中国的北边。
at - 在...,表示在一个点。
at the end在结尾由于是在一个点,所以一般表示在具体的位置,比如at home;at the airport根据这几个词的本意,我们可以理解很多细微差别:in表示里面,所以是包裹其中,bird in the tree;on表示接触,所以是长在树上,apple on the tree。
in表示里面,所以是in the car在小车里;on表示上面,所以是on the bus在大巴车上。
有的人说:如果可以站立,就用on,比如on the train,on the plane。
2020年中考英语人教版专题复习:介词及介词短语考题特点:考查学生能够在语篇中准确运用所学介词、介词固定搭配、句型结构及惯用表达语等综合运用语言的能力。
知识梳理:1、固定搭配介词+名词at home在家;at school 在学校;at noon 在中午;at night 在晚上;at work 在工作;at sea 在海上;at the same time 同时;at times 有时;at breakfast 早餐时;at midnight 在午夜;at the moment 在此刻on the way在路上;on Sunday 在星期天;on show 展出;on display 陈列;on fire 着火;on duty 值日;on the other hand 另一方面be+形容词+介词be amazed at对……感到惊讶;be angry with对……生气;be afraid of 害怕……;be busy with 忙于做……;be good at 擅长于;be full of 充满动词+ 介词agree with同意;ask for 请求;begin with 以……开始;come from 出生于,来自;call at 探访;die of 死于;get on/off 上车/下车;fill...with 用……装;fall off 从……落下介词+名词+介词at the foot of在……脚下;on the top of 在……顶端;in the middle of在……中间;in the front of 在……前部;in the east of 在……东部典例精析:答案与解析:1.B句意:——贫穷人数变得越来越少。
——多亏了政府,他们的生活条件得到了提高。
as for“至于”;thanks to“多亏,由于”;as a result of “结果是”;thanks for“感谢……”。
高考英语介词专题复习一﹑考点聚焦1、介词的分类与语法功能(1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。
介词分为:简单介词,如at、in、for等;合成介词,如within、inside、onto、throughout 等;短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。
双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。
分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。
(2)介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。
2、介词搭配(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
(2)常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。
(3)“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。
3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析(1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。
表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。
(2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。
如:next day、last Sunday、that morning、these yearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some dayone day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before(4)till、until、to的用法。
①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。
但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。
②to表“终结”时常用和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。
(5)in、after、later①in + 一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。
②一段时间+ later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。
③after + 一段时间表示:“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after + 点时间,用于各种时态。
另外,in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时间的用法如下:in a week’s time = in a weekThey will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语)I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态,不超出,在……之内)(6)地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。
(7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。
(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计。
②表泛指的方式、手段by post/mail邮寄,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材),by electricity用电,by machinery用电器,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop③交通工具类另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于,用……方法,with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permission)。
(8)表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。
①besides 除……以外,(还有)。
作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。
②except除去,除……之外(不再有)。
③except for除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与except that + 句子意思相同。
④except that … 除了……一点以外。
⑤but与exceptbut和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:A.前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。
B. 后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。
C. but与一些固定结构连用。
have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事,can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……,but for … 如不是……(9)between与among.(10)表原因的介词for、because of、due to。
(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。
(12)兼作连词和副词的介词。
①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词,又是连词。
②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。
③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。
(13)介词的省略。
①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。
②介词for表示时间的省略要求。
(A)以all开头的名词短语,for要省略。
如:I stayed with her all the morning.(B)表示一段时间的短语之前,for可以省略,也可以不省略。
如:I have been waiti ng here (for) more than three hours.(C)否定句中,表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。
如:I haven’t seen you for thir ty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前,for不能省略。
如:For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。
(14)某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
①要求接to的名词有:key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。
②要求接in 的名词有:interest、satisfaction、expert等。
(15)一些词组中的介词b e composed of =consist of…由…组成in comparison with…和…相比较be very appre ciative at…对…深表感谢be particular over…对…太挑剔base…on… 把…建立…上;on the basis of… 根据protect…from(against)…保护…免遭…remind sb. of…使某人想起…be responsiblie for sth. 对某事负有责任;be superior to 优于…in favor of 支持;赞同 in relation to 关于in contrast to 与…截然不同 in excess of 超过etc.二、精典名题导解1.(2002上海卷22)Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________an inch.A.by B.at C.to D.fromby+数量词,表示相差多少。
介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语,表示尺寸、距离等。
译文:幸运的是,子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过,没有射中他。
答案为A。
2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through解析:答案为C。
本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。
“with + 名词+ 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。
本题中with 的复合结构作伴随状语。
3.(2004上海春季卷26)I am sorry it’s________my power to make a finaldecision on the project.A.over B.above C.off D.beyondbeyond意为“超出,出乎”。
本句的意思是:很抱歉,我无权对这个计划作出最后决定。
beyond my power意为:超出了我的权力范围。
4.(2003北京卷33)They had a pleasant chat ________a cup of coffee.A.for B.with C.during D.over考查介词搭配。
to chat over a cup of coffee意思是边喝咖啡边聊天。
for和during 都有“在……期间”之意,但后边通常加时间段:。
with “随着,用”;over“在(做)……期间,边……边……”。
5.(2002北京卷33) --What do you want ________those old boxes?--To put things in when I move to the new fiat.A.by B.for C.of D.with 、所提供的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat,说明了箱子的用途。
with的意思是“用”,后接工具。
如:cut with a knife“用刀切”。
6.(2001上海春季卷23)Ross was wild with joy ________the result of the examination.A.to B.at C.by D.asat表示原因。
be wild with joy at的意思是“为……而欣喜若狂”。
介词at接在某些形容词的后面表示原因。
译文:罗丝因考试结果而兴高采烈。