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美国野牛镍币课件

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美国野牛镍币PPT

美国野牛镍币PPT

near extinction
濒临灭绝
with bitter hatred 痛心 疾首 too late to regret 后悔莫及
The
Buffalo Nickel was emitted and used during 1913 and 1938.It was designed by James Earle Fraser to commemorate the Buffalo and the Indians--the victims of the Westwood Movement. The Buffalo and the Indians on the nickel were all from the archetype.
Barbie
芭比娃娃
The buffalo Nickel
Uncle Sam
野牛镍币
山姆大叔
The statue of liberty 自由女神像
The Buffalo Nickel
野 牛 镍 币
The Buffalo
野牛镍币
野牛是美国独特风景的一部分。野牛是一个有5000年历史的物 种，它们和美国北部的草原和牧场一起进化。 在十九世纪时，先驱者和移民穿过大平原，为了运动而宰杀野 牛，同时为了战略目的，消灭了印第安国家。
The Buffalo Nickel `
• While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation.

美国野牛硬币课件

美国野牛硬币课件

• The first world war ii appeared in "uncle Sam" called on American young soldier posters, be very widespread.
•
In 1961, the United States congress formally admitted "uncle Sam" to America's national symbol
• The coin was designed by James Earle Fraser, a noted artist with a keen interest in native culture. His initial "F" appears below the date on the coin.
Columbus set foot on American continent after their first sight of biological may not human, but buffalo. When the entire North America about Sixty million buffalo, in droves in prairie stroll. So shocking scene must let eyewitness acclaim, now defined on behalf of the American west classic amorous feelings of the picture, and also became an American buffalo spiritual symbol.

美国野牛镍币课件

美国野牛镍币课件

2. [C] a serious play that has a sad ending 悲剧 作品 In most classical tragedies, the solution was death.在大部分古典悲剧中，死即矛盾之解决。
3
settlement n.1. [U] the movement of a new population into a
place to live there 移民；拓居 the settlement of 1 the American West美国西部的移民
frontier
2. [C, U] an agreement that ends an argument 决 定；协议 Following the settlement of the strike, the train service is now back to normal. 在罢工问题解决之后，铁路交通现在已恢复正常。 n.1. (the ~) an area where people have never 2 lived before, esp. in the western US before the 20th century （尤指20世纪前美国西部的）边远地 区 Heavy fighting took place last night at the frontier.昨晚在边境上发生了激战。
Translation:
1
今天，美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府 的杰出人物，其中大部分是著名的前总 2 统。但1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币， 却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相 互关联的悲剧──野牛群的灭绝和美洲印 第安人的毁灭。
3
Para 13
1

野牛镍币素材

野牛镍币素材

印第安人残绝的历史
• 16世纪后来到美洲的欧洲殖民者带给当地印第安人是毁灭性的灾难。 据统计，殖民时期，西班牙所属的领地有1300万印第安人被杀，巴西 地区有大约1000万被杀，美国西进运动中又有100万左右印第安人被杀。 大量印第安人被奴役甚至屠杀。拉丁美洲的印第安人基本上没有纯男 性系更糟，印第安人被赶入印第安保留地，其在当 地人口所占比例小于5%。在美国，印第安人仅占总人口的1%左右。 • 1783年，美国独立以后，对印第安人的屠杀和虐待并没有丝毫收敛。 印第安人长期遭到屠杀、围攻、驱赶、被迫迁徙等迫害，人数急剧减 少。到20世纪初期，只剩下30多万人。
• While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed ar tist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as mo dels for his creation.
• 此前一直是白人被用作美国镍币上的模特，而 著名的艺术家詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽却反传统 而行之，起用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为 自己创作的原型。
• For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City's Central Pa rk Zoo. Two years later, in 1915, this animal was sold for $100 and killed for meat, a hide, and a wall decoration m ade from its horns. • 由于大草原上不再有野牛漫步，弗雷泽为了镍币另 一面上的野牛，只好到纽约中央公园的动物园里素 描一只老野牛。两年后，即1915年，此牛以100美元 的价格售出，然后被宰取肉、剥皮，牛角制成了墙 上的装饰品。

精选野牛镍币 (Buffalo Nickel) 版.ppt

精选野牛镍币 (Buffalo Nickel) 版.ppt

raised design, the design was changed and all
future coins featured the buffalo standing on a flat
plain. Coins with this latter design are referred to as
yjyuuy
7
詹姆斯 厄尔 弗雷泽
美国著名艺术家詹姆斯 厄尔 弗雷泽(James EarlFraser)(1876-1953),美 国雕塑家，出生于明尼苏达的薇诺娜，先后就读于芝加哥艺术学院和巴 黎高等美术学院，师从奥古斯都 圣高登。代表作（路的尽头）一个疲 倦的印第安人瘫在马路上的雕像，被广泛复制。另一个作品就是我们现 在所了解的野牛或印第安人像的镍币设计（1913年发行）。他不仅创 作了许多半身肖像及公共建筑物与公园纪念碑，还设计了许多奖章，包 括一战胜利勋章。
野牛镍币 （Buffalo Nickel）
背景简介
yjyuuy
1
► 《美国哥特式》与自由女 神像,芭比娃娃,野牛镍币和 山姆大叔称为美国文化的 五大象征。
► 这里我们主要了解这五大 象征之一的：野牛镍币。
► 1.硬币的产生（中英文介 绍）
► 2.发明者
► 3.其他介绍
yjyuuy
2
1911年，由美国著名艺术家詹姆斯 厄 尔 弗雷泽(James Earl Fraser)开始设 计，1913-1938年间成产的一种硬币。
美国传统硬币上刻画的主要是美 国政府的杰出人物，其中大多数是
著名的历届总统。
yjyuuy
3
上图为硬币的一面，另一面
可有三个印第安人头像。
yjyuuy
► 野牛镍币，没有循规蹈矩， 而是将在美国为拓居而进行 的西进运动中遭破坏几近灭 绝的两种形象----美国野牛 以及土著印第安人印为纪念。

野牛镍币

野牛镍币

水牛城首次铸造镍经常使用的硬币在美国于1913年，并成为深受广大市民。

硬币的设计是由詹姆斯厄尔雷弗雷泽，著名艺术家，以极大的兴趣本土文化。

他最初的“ F ”下方的日期硬币。

设计一个现实的画像描绘了美洲印第安人的正面的硬币连同字“自由”沿岸。

相反硬币功能的壮丽水牛和5美分的话就提出丘上的水牛立场。

硬币是独一无二的，因为没有其他问题，美国经常硬币都精选动物（除老鹰），作为其主要的设计。

水牛城镍是75 ％和25 ％的铜镍和硬币是约21毫米的直径。

第一布法罗尼克尔斯铸造于1913年最初的设计击中了水牛站在投手。

这些被称为1型硬币。

由于一些生产问题，这使得设计，设计变更和未来所有硬币精选水牛站在平坦平原。

硬币后者设计被称为2型硬币。

布法罗尼克尔斯继续铸造，直到1913年后每年1938 -唯一的例外是1922年，1932年和1933年。

超过1亿美元的这些硬币铸造，在此期间，在各种薄荷设施，包括费城，丹佛，旧金山和薄荷糖。

该mintmark上可以找到扭转下的硬币的话5美分。

最稀有的布法罗镍是1918/7-D overdate 。

还稀少1937D是著名的“三腿”的品种。

该品种被同一个错误，解除了死亡的水牛的前站。

很难找到其他日期包括2型1913D和2型1913S 。

非常常见的日期（除少数品种）是布法罗尼克尔斯铸造32年至38年。

其原因尚不完全清楚，布法罗尼克尔斯之前至1930年是非常稀少的流通条件。

The Buffalo Nickel was first minted for regular use in U.S. coinage in 1913 and became very popular with the general public. The coin was designed by James Earle Fraser, a noted artist with a keen interest innative culture. His initial "F" appears below the date on the coin.The design depicts a realistic portrait of an American Indian on the obverse of the coin along with the word "Liberty" along the rim. The reverse of the coin features a magnificent buffalo and the words FIVE CENTS on a raised mound on which the buffalo stands. The coin is unique inasmuch as no other regular issue U.S. coin has ever featured an animal (other than the eagle) as a part of its main design.The Buffalo Nickel is made of 75% copper and 25% nickel and the coin is about 21 mm in diameter. The first Buffalo Nickels minted in 1913 were originally struck with a design that had the buffalo standing on a mound. These are referred to as Type 1 coins. Due to some production problems with this raised design, the design was changed and all future coins featured the buffalo standing on a flat plain. Coins with this latter design are referred to as Type 2 coins.Buffalo Nickels continued to be minted annually after 1913 until 1938 - with the exception of the years 1922, 1932 and 1933. Over 1 billion of these coins were minted during this time at various mint facilities including the Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco mints. The mintmark can be found on the reverse of the coin under the words FIVE CENTS. The rarest Buffalo Nickel is the 1918/7-D overdate. Also scarce is the famous 1937D "three legged" variety. This variety was struck with a faulty die that removed the buffalo's front leg. Other hard to find dates include the Type 2 1913D and the Type 2 1913S. Very commondates (except for a few varieties) are the Buffalo Nickels minted from 1932 to 1938. For reasons that are not entirely clear, Buffalo Nickels made prior to 1930 are quite scarce in uncirculated condition.布法罗镍第一铸造经常使用在美国硬币1913并成为很受欢迎的公共。

美国野牛镍币资料


herd
[C] a large group of animals of the same type which live and feed together 牧群 The herd are scattered over the hills. 牧群散布在群山上。 The lions killed the entire herd of goats. 狮子把那群山羊全都咬死了。
Destruction
[U] the act of destroying or state of being destroyed 破坏；毁坏 the destruction of the forest by fire 火灾对森林的破坏 The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction. 敌人的炸弹造成广泛的破坏。
• The Buffalo Nickel
-------Five famous symblols of American culture
LOGO
The Buffalo Nickel
The buffalo nickel,produced from 1913 t o 1938 honored a pair of connected trag edies from the settement of the America n fronntier-the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.
野牛镍币 （Buffalo Nickel）
美 国 普 通 的 镍 币
While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins,famed artst James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Tndians as models for his creation.

野牛镍币



两大悲剧：
1.野牛的灭绝 2.印第安人的毁灭

The extinction of buffalo make great plains indians lost the material basis for the survival, so that they finally have to accept the United States government forced assimilation policy. Narrowing of the U.S. government to Indian reservation policy and military war "against" the root cause of the policy is not to make them to. White was finally defeat the indians, because professional hunter bloodbath of the great plains bison bison results of extinction. Buffalo is a plains Indian food and clothing and various supplies.
美国西部开发与野牛镍币


19世纪初期，数以千记的人，越过阿帕拉契山，向西移动。 有些开拓者，移居到美国的边界，甚至深入属于墨西哥的领 地、以及介于阿拉斯加与加利福尼亚的俄勒冈。开拓者勇敢、 勤奋地向西追求更好的生活。然而在这个过程中就出现数以 万记血腥的屠杀，包括对印第安人的种族灭绝和对美国野牛 的疯狂杀缪。 In the early 19th century, thousands of people, across the Appalachian mountain, move to the west. Some pioneers, the boundary of the emigrated to the United States, even deep belongs to the territory of Mexico and Oregon between Alaska and California. Portland brave, diligently pursue a better life in the west. However appear in the process of tens of thousands of bloody massacre, including the genocide of native americans and the American buffalo crazy kill Samuel.

The_Buffalo_Nickel_

野牛镍币是由75%的铜和25%的镍混合制成的， 这枚硬币的直径大约21毫米。
21mm
------A ------A mental element which is used to make coins for it can prevent the coin from being rusted.
用铜镍混合金来制造硬币因为它可以防止硬币生锈。
为了提醒美国公民保护环 境，政府就发行了这种野 境，政府就发行了这种野 牛镍币。
It was reported that the buffalo is found in the New York Central Park Zoo and the buffalo was quiet old when found.
但是在两年后也就是1915， 但是在两年后也就是1915， 它以100美元被卖了，ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ杀 它以100美元被卖了，并杀 来用作食物，与皮衣！确实 有点讽刺意味。
The Buffalo Nickel (or Indian Head Nickel) was the design of the US 5 cent coin from1913 to 1938. Although this coin was only minted for 25 years it is still possible to find them in circulation (although its quite rare). 野牛镍币（或印第安人头像 牛镍币（或印第安人头 镍币）是美国的5美分硬币。 ）是美国的 美分硬币。 从1913设计使用到1938年。 1913设计使用到1938年。 虽然这硬币只铸造了25年， 虽然这硬币只铸造了25年， 但仍然有可能找到他们的流 通（尽管其相当罕见）。

野牛镍币


之前的镍币
The buffalo Nickel
Today,American coins honor prominent（杰出的） figures （图 形，图像）of the US government—mostly famous former presidents.But the Buffalo nickel,produce from 1913 to 1938 , honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier—the destruction of the buffalo herds(牧群) and the American Indians.
印第安人（Indians）



亦作Amerindian或Amerind。 又称美洲原住民，是除爱斯基摩人外的所有美洲土著居民的总 称。印第安人即美洲土著居民。此人种分布于南北美洲各国，属蒙 古人种美洲支系。使用印第安语。 考古学和人类学认为印第安人的祖先和中国人有着一样的体质。 美洲土著居民中的绝大多数为印第安人，分布于南北美洲各国，传 统将其划归东亚蒙古人种美洲支系。考古学和人类学专家认为认为， 印第安人的祖先来自中国北方，大约是在4万年前从亚洲渡过白令海 峡到达美洲的，或者是通过冰封的海峡陆桥过去的。他们与亚洲同 时代的人有某些相同的文化特色，例如用火、驯犬及某些特殊仪式 与医疗方法。 印第安人是拉丁美洲的最早的居民。他们之所以被成为“印第安 人”，主要是因为当年哥伦布等探险者，以为他们到达的“新陆地”是 印度，称当地居民为“印第安”人（“印度”一词的英文发音。）由于英 国殖民者、美国人、欧洲殖民者（西班牙人)迫害、杀戮印第安人40 00万以上，毁灭印第安文化，致使现在残存的古代印第安文明已经 不多，在美国建国后和西进运动中，美国人将原来住在今天美国东 部的迫害、杀戮印第安人2000万以上，并驱逐到西部荒凉地，在美 国已经很难看到印第安人了。
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Frontier 1. (the ~) an area where people have never lived before, esp. in the western US before the 20th century （尤指20世纪前美国西部的）边远地区
Heavy fighting took place last night at the frontier. |昨晚在边境上发生了 激战。
野牛是美国独特风景的一部分。野牛是一个有5000年历 史的物种，它们和美国北部的草原和牧场一起进化。印 第安部落利用野牛身体的各个部分来做他们的食物、衣 服、盾、武器，甚至是胶水。野牛是土著人赖以吃穿的 主要的动物；同时，野牛也被用来祭祀。 在十九世纪时，先驱者和移民穿过大平原，为了运动而 宰杀野牛，同时为了战略目的，消灭了印第安国家。在 二十世纪初，野牛的数量降低到仅仅几百头，使得美国 政府和一些非盈利性组织开始干预。今天野牛的数量上 升到大约450，000头，而且一些种牛被放养在美国西部。
• The Buffalo Nickel
-------Five famous symblols of American culture
LOGO
The Buffalo Nickel
The buffalo nickel,produced from 1913 t o 1938 honored a pair of connected trag edies from the settement of the America n fronntier-the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.
herd
[C] a large group of animals of the same type which live and feed together 牧群 The herd are scattered over the hills. 牧群散布在群山上。 The lions killed the entire herd of goats. 狮子把那群山羊全都咬死了。
LOGO
new wards
settlement ['setlmənt] 名词 n. 1.解决[U][C] the settlement of differences 分歧的解决 2.清算,结帐[U][C] the settlement of an account 结帐 3.殖民;定居[U] 4.殖民地;新拓居地;租界[C] The British Empire had many settlements. 大英帝国有许多殖民地
horn
1. [C] a hard, pointed, often curved part that grows from the top of the heads of some animals （牛、羊等的）角
A mature cow has horns. 成熟的母牛有一对角。 Horns are very useful weapons for some animals. |对某些 动物来说，角是非常有用的武器。 2. [C] a device for sounding a warning signal 喇叭；号角 The bus driver sounded his horn at the children in the street. 公共汽车驾驶员向街上的孩子们鸣喇叭。 A car passed him at top speed, sounding its horn. 一辆汽车鸣着喇叭，全速从他身边驶过。
Destruction
[U] the act of destroying or state of being destroyed 破坏；毁坏 the destruction of the forest by fire 火灾对森林的破坏 The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction. 敌人的炸弹造成广泛的破坏。
野牛镍币 （Buffalo Nickel）
美 国 普 通 的 镍 币
While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins,famed artst James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Tndians as models for his creation.
LOGO
new wards
destruction [di'strʌkʃən] 名词 n. 1.破坏;毁灭;消灭[U] The flood caused serious destruction to the r ailway. 洪水严重毁坏了铁路。 2.毁灭的原因
LOGO
new wards
herd [hə:d] 名词 n. 1.畜群;牧群[C][G] We saw a herd of elephants yesterday. 昨天我们见到了一群大象。 2.(常用以构成合成词)放牧人[C] 3.【贬】民众, 4.拓展：a flock of ：一群（鸟、羊） a herd of ：（牛、猪、象） a pack of ：一群（犬、狼） a swarm of ：一群（蜂、蚊、飞虫） a school of ：一群（鱼、鲸）
decoration
1. [C] sth. that is used to decorate sth. else 装饰品
The only decoration in the room was a picture above the fireplace. 房间里唯一的装饰品是挂在壁炉上方的那幅画。 All that glitters may not be gold, but these decorations would add elegance and sparkle to any Christmas tree. 发光的不都是金子，但是这些装饰品可给圣诞树增添雅致和光亮。 2. [U] the act or art of decorating 装饰；装饰艺术 He is an expert on Islamic decoration. 他是位伊斯兰装饰艺术的专家。 These plants are grown mainly for decoration. |种这些树主要是 用于装饰。
Since then the country has never had peace within her frontiers. 自那时起，这个国家就从未太平过。 2. (~s) the limit of what is known about sth. 前沿；尖端
Many scientists enjoy the excitement of working at the frontiers of knowledge. 许多科学家喜欢在知识领域的前沿探索时的那种兴奋感。 As for the second one your use of rhyme pushes back the frontiers of English literature. |就第二首诗，你对韵的使用开拓了英国文学的新领域。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
tragedy 1. [C, U] a terrible event that causes great sadness 悲剧；不幸 The pilot stopped a tragedy when he succeeded in preventing the plane from crashing. 驾驶员成功地避免了飞机的坠毁，从而避免了一场悲剧。 His life was touched by hardship and personal tragedy. 艰难和 个人不幸使他的生活蒙上了阴影。 2. [C] a serious play that has a sad ending 悲剧作品 In most classical tragedies, the solution was death. 在大部分古典悲剧中，死即矛盾之解决。 Shakespeare wrote histories and tragedies. 莎士比亚写过历史剧和悲剧。
1.What
is the Buffalo Nickel ? 2.Why the Buffalo Nickel is one of famous symblos of American cuiture ? 3.The story of the BuffaloNickel. 4.What does the Buffalo Nickel symbolize ?
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Tragedy ['træ dʒidi] 名词 n. 1.悲剧体裁[U] Tragedy is a type of literature that involves death, sufferin g or disaster. 悲剧作品是文学的一种,内容常涉及死亡,不幸和灾难。 2.(一出)悲剧[C] Shakespeare's Hamlet is one of the best known tragedies . 莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是最有名的悲剧之一。 3.悲剧性事件;惨案;灾难[C][U] The traffic accident is really a tragedy. 这次车祸真是个悲剧。
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frontier ['frʌntjə] 名词 n. [C] 1.国境,边境;边疆[(+between/with)] Everything is quiet on the frontier. 边境上一切安静。 2.【美】(靠近未开发地带的)边远地区[the S] 3.(探索活动的)新领域;未完全开拓的领域[P1][(+ of)] Professor Field is devoted to the exploration of the frontiers of medicine. 菲尔德教授致力于探索医学研究的新领域。