美国社会与文化2解析

美国社会与文化（浙江理工大学）知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新第一章测试1.There are 50 states altogether. Among them, forty states form the contiguousstates or the mainland of America and ten states form the non- contiguousterritories.__________参考答案:错2.According to common knowledge, the Pacific Ocean is on the west coast, theAtlantic Ocean is on the east coast of the U.S. ._______________参考答案:对3.Surely, the state of Hawaii is to the northwest of Canada, and the state ofAlaska is in the Pacific Ocean, southwest of California.._______________参考答案:错4.In addition to the 50 states, the US also includes Washington D.C. or Districtof Colombia and ten outlying territories.________________参考答案:错5.Since the date when independence from England was on July 4th, 1776, July4th is the National Day in the United States of America. _______________参考答案:对6.Uncle Sam is a figure symbolizing the United States, and he’s portrayed as atall, white-haired man with a goatee and he’s often dressed in red, white, and blue, and wears a top hat. ______参考答案:对7.Interestingly enough, each state in the US has its own two-letter abbreviation,for example, OK stands for Oklahoma..________________参考答案:对8.In the US, the major mountain ranges are the Rocky Mountains in the Eastand the AppalachianMountains in the West._______________参考答案:错9.Generally speaking, there are four regions in America, they are the Northeast,the Midwest, the South and the Northwest. _________________参考答案:错10.It is well-known that the three biggest cities in the United States of Americaare New York City, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas._______________参考答案:错第二章测试1.When Christopher Columbus, the famous explorer landed on the island in theMediterranean Sea in 1492, he truly lifted the curtain, which led so manyfollowers from Europe to settle in this “the New World” later on.__________参考答案:错2.The French settlers lived by the side of a river. It’s called James River, whichwas named after their King, and they built a town called Jamestown there._______________参考答案:错3.Generally speaking, people who came and settled in this “New World” hadpersonal as well as many other reasons for leaving their owncountries._______________ ___________参考答案:对4.In 1620, 35 Puritans and 67 non-Puritans took the ship called Mayflower forNorth America, and some colonists didn’t survive the first year in NorthAmerica..________________参考答案:错5.According to Don’s explanation, his ancestors came from Sicily near Italy justan island off the coast of Italy, and they came around 1900 or so._______________ .参考答案:对6.Many Southerners thought slavery was wrong, whereas most whiteNortherners considered slavery part of their way of life. _______________参考答案:错7.After the founding of the USA , the new nation adopted “the Constitution”,Boston was chosen as the capital for the time being, and George Washington became the first president of the US in 1791. ______参考答案:错8.So, “the American Dream” for the settlers’ was to own their own land, havetheir own farms and not be controlled or have to live under the authority of a land owner.___________参考答案:对9.In 1814, when the Americans and British fought another war, a Britishexpedition landed and captured Washington, D.C., and British soldiers set fire to the President’s Mansion. _______参考答案:对10.In 1821, France ceded control of Florida to the USA, and Florida finallybecame a US state in 1845._______________参考答案:错第三章测试1.The cause of World War I was due to the assassination of an Austrian duke inJune, 1914 in Serbia, which was part of former Yugoslavia. __________参考答案:对2.On May 7, 1915, a German aircraft carrier sank the British ocean linerLusitania, killing 1,198 people, among them 128 of them were Americans._______________参考答案:错3.After World War I, the United States enjoyed a period of prosperity. Forexample, in 1927, many families purchased their first electric fan andmicrowave oven, and cars also became common in the 1920s. ___________参考答案:错4.In 1939, when World War II began, Germany launched a lightning attack onPoland and also conquered Denmark, Norway, Holland and France in thefollowing year. ________参考答案:对5.On July 20, 1969, when Neil Armstrong of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission becamethe first man to set foot on the moon. _______________参考答案:对第四章测试1.The Executive Branch carries out and enforces the laws, and includes thePresident, Vice President, the Cabinet, 15 executive departments, andindependent agencies, and so on. ____参考答案:对2.The US President is the head of state, commander in chief of the US ArmedForces, and he serves a four-year term and can be elected to no more thanthree terms. ______参考答案:错3.Traditionally speaking, the American political system, throughout most of itshistory, has been dominated by a two-party system: Democratic Party andthe Conservative Party. _______参考答案:错4.In the USA, one of the major political parties is the Democratic Party, and itssymbol of this party is the elephant. _______参考答案:错5.According to the US Constitutional requirements, a Presidential candidatemust be at least 35 years old, a natural born citizen and a resident of the US for at least 14 years. ________参考答案:对第五章测试1.Among the 45 men who have served as president of the US, 31 had militaryservice. Yet, former presidents, like Barack Obama and President Trump did not serve in the military._____参考答案:对2.The history of the US Army began in 1775, when the Continental Army wasfounded in order to fight the invading British Army during the Mexican-American War.________参考答案:错3.The day when Dr. Pan interviewed Edward was the day when AmericanPresident Donald Trump paid his first visit to China. ______参考答案:对4.Before Edward became a soldier, his job was working in a Wal-MartSupermarket, and he had a low pay and not many opportunities foradvancement. ________参考答案:错5.The reason why Edward wanted to become a solider was that when he wentto see the recruiter, who showed many videos, the soldiers in service weredoing some exciting things, like jumping out of airplanes and shootingguns.________参考答案:对第六章测试cational policy is a plan of action adopted by one nation in its diplomaticdealings with other countries as a systemic way to deal with issues that mayarise with other countries. __参考答案:错2.American “Anti-War Mom” Cindy Sheehan was an American anti-war activist，whose son, U.S. Army Specialist Casey Sheehan, was killed in the Afghanistan War in 2001. ______参考答案:错3.As a new nation, from its establishment after the American Revaluation untilthe Spanish- American War, America’s prime national interest was tomaintain its independence from more powerful European countries. ______参考答案:对4.Protected by the Atlantic Ocean, its major foreign policy, known as theMonroe Doctrine, was to limit European attempts of further colonization ofthe Western Hemisphere, which truly reflected the country’s regional, ascompared to global focus. ________参考答案:对5.Throughout the 19th century, America concentrated on creating a nation thatspanned the continent. For example, the 1903 Louisiana Purchase fromFrance doubled the nation’s geographical area. _____参考答案:错6.America’s victory over Spain in 1898 also brought the Philippines and PuertoRico in American territories as well as oversight of Cuba. _______参考答案:对第七章测试1.What’s important to keep in mind is that from the colonial period to the mid-nineteenth century,the US was primarily an industrial society.________参考答案:错2.Generally speaking, the reason why the US economy is able to become theengine of the world economy is through a combination of many factors,including political stability, an independent legal system, and regulatorystructures provided by the American government. _____参考答案:对3.Most Americans fully believe that the rise of their nation as the largest globaleconomy could not have occurred without the economic freedom or “Laissez-faire”.________参考答案:对4.In the video, Tim says that he I didn’t like having his own business becausehe basically didn’t have the freedom to choose and do what he wanted todo.________参考答案:错5.As a matter of fact, America’s free enterprise system is “not completely” free,especially when the country withstood great difficulties or even catastrophe, the US government regulations shaped many aspects of business operation._______参考答案:对第八章测试1.Clearly, the United States is a highly-developed country with modern scienceand technology, yet it’s also a land of religions, in which Americans havereligious faith._________参考答案:对2.In fact, American society has also been profoundly influenced by religions inthe fields of culture, politics, social life and standards for personal morality.______参考答案:对3.In 1620, some Pilgrims and non-Pilgrims took the ship “Aprilflower” fromHolland for North America for religious freedom and settled at Plymouth,Massachusetts.______参考答案:错4.According to the recent survey via telephone from the Gallup International, itindicates that 37% of Americans report that they attend religious servicesmonthly or nearly-monthly._______参考答案:错5.Church attendance is a central religious practice for many AmericanChristians, who are required to regularly attend church services on theLord’s Day or Friday in keeping with the Ten Commandments.______参考答案:错第九章测试1.As a matter of fact, until the Mexican-American War and the founding of theUSA, American literature shows its own characteristics as a mirror, reflecting the social life, a separate path and tradition.__________参考答案:错2.Truly speaking, from the birth of the new nation to the present day, Americanliterature, in one sense, has recorded the story and development of Americansociety, and its literature typically falls into four categories.___________参考答案:错3.In the video, Tim says that he likes James Michener, who wrote a lot of booksand his books became famous as movies, and the author also represented the American point of view____参考答案:对4.Don mentions that his favorite contemporary novelist would be Philip Roth,who has put out about one book a year, and Don would always read them.________参考答案:对5.From the historical perspective, America didn’t have its fiction until JamesCooper (1783 -1859) appeared. In the people’s view, he’s considered “The Father of American Literature”. ________参考答案:错6.Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) is currently regarded as the “Father ofDetective Stories” in America. Among his fifty stories, the 5 best short ones were The Tell-Tale Heart, Berenice, The Pit and the Pendulum, Hop-Frog and The Imp of the Perverse. ______参考答案:对7.Walt Whitman (1811-1896) wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, an antislavery novelthat changed forever how Americans viewed slavery and struggled forfreedom and equality._____参考答案:错8.Mark Twain (1835-1910), the pen name used by Samuel Clemens, wrote hisregional masterpieces about his home town. They were the memoir: Life on the Mississippi and the novels: Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ______参考答案:对9.Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was the most influential writer. He wroteThe Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, and Beloved which earned him the Nobel Prize in literature. ______参考答案:错10.In the video, Dr. Pan mentioned that Mark Twain has been called the“Abraham Lincoln” or “Real Father” of American Literature. By the time of his death in 1910, he was already famous all over the world. _______参考答案:对第十章测试1.On the whole, there are some 5,300 US colleges or universities, whichnormally comprise at least four categories of institutions across the wholecountry, such as public or private colleges or universities, four-year colleges or universities, and so on. __________参考答案:对2.Generally speaking, the public or private universities are large in size, andcontain several colleges and one or more graduate schools for students toobtain only their bachelor’s degree.___________参考答案:错3.The technical training institutions are sometimes called junior or two-yearcolleges, providing a lower-level tertiary education, granting certificates orassociate degrees for students to obtain.And prepare some students to pursue their bachelor's degree. _________参考答案:错4.In the video, Don says that he graduated from the University of Denver, in thestate of Colorado. It’s a private university, and is sometimes referred to as“the Harvard of the West”.______参考答案:对5.In 1944, the US Congress passed the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act or “GIBill”. According to the Act, it promised spiritual aid, including aid for higher education to the ex-soldiers or veterans after the end of World War II. ________参考答案:错6.In postwar America, the enrollment of African-Americans in higher educationbegan to increase. Before World War II, female students constituted less than 30%, but from 1945-1965, the number of women pursuing a collegeeducation tripled. ______参考答案:错7.Moreover, US colleges and universities are also enrolling a higher percentageof non-traditional students, who have worked for several years beforestarting college or students who go to school part-time while holding down a job. ______参考答案:对8.In the video, Tim says that when he went to school to get his teachingcertificate. he was the only male in that class. All the other students werefemale, partly because that was for teachers of elementary education. ______参考答案:对9.In the United States, the requirements for an undergraduate student to earnat least 220 credits in order to receive his or her bachelor’s degree. ________参考答案:错10.The prestigious universities, like eight universities in Ivy Leagues, such asHarvard University and Yale University are still many candidates’ first choice in America._________参考答案:对第十一章测试1.Generally speaking, from emergence as an independent nation, the UnitedStates has truly encouraged science and innovation. The Constitution givesthe House of Representatives the power “to promote the progress of science and useful arts.__________参考答案:错2.In the United States, while nurturing and training a great number of world-famous scientists in its own country, it has also invited many scientists from other countries as well, to help the US become a modern and highlyproductive world power in the late 20th century._______参考答案:对3.In the video, Tim thinks that technology has allowed the average person tohave much more opportunity to learn and participate in the local economy,and even if they work for a major corporation, they can still stay home andwork on a computer._________参考答案:错4.During the first half of the 19th century, the first heroic inventor was JohnHall who invented the cotton gin in 1794, which was a machine designed to remove the seeds from cotton and it made the cotton industry of the South explode. ________参考答案:错5. A famous American inventors in the early 19th century was CyrusMcCormick who invented his mechanical reaper to harvest countless acres of wheat in the Midwestern plains.________参考答案:对6.Alexander Graham Bell who was a Scottish-born scientist, engineer, inventorand innovator, invented the Internet and allowed people to talk from a long distance. In fact, his new technology of communication has altered thetexture of business, war and even politics. ________参考答案:错7.Thomas Edison, an American inventor, who was the most famous inventorduring the second half of the 19th century, developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera, among many other important inventions. _________参考答案:对8.In 1957, the former Soviet Union first lunched Sputnik I into space, the firstartificial satellite to orbit the Earth. Then, four months later, the United States launched its first satellite Explorer I, becoming the second nation to launch a satellite into orbit during the Cold War. ________参考答案:对9.In 1969, the Apollo II was launched in America, and Neil Armstrong, anastronaut became the first human to set foot on the Mars surface. So, eventoday, his famous words are still echoing in our ears: “That’s one small stepfor a man, one gia nt leap for mankind”. ________参考答案:错10.During the 20th Century, American microprocessor companies were set up inSilicon Valley, California, including Adobe Systems by John Warnock andCharles Geschke, IBM and Apple by Steve Jobs, and Microsoft started inSeattle, Washington._______参考答案:对第十二章测试1.Nowadays, when it comes to American tourist attractions, the first thingsthat comes to Dr. Pan’s mind are the skyscrapers of New York and Chicago,the natural wonders of Wyoming and Alaska to the sunny beaches ofCalifornia, Florida and Hawaii.___________参考答案:对2.Edward tells us that he comes form the state of Arizona, which is located inthe southwestern region of America, his hometown is very famous forHollywood and Disneyland, which is a very large and beautiful natural area._______参考答案:错3.In D on’s mind, he would say that Mount Rushmore, or the United StatesPresidential Memorial Park is one of the more iconic attractions in the US, which is the one where four presidents’ faces are carved into rock.__________参考答案:对4.One of the must-see attractions to visit on the East Coast must be the NiagaraFalls in the state of Pennsylvania, which is divided into three waterfalls. They are American Falls, Horseshoe Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. _________参考答案:错5.Clearly, Boston’s most famous landmarks a re the Statue of Liberty, theEmpire State Building. Other attractions are Broadway and Shubert Alley,Fifth Avenue, Times Square, Wall Street, St. Patrick’s Cathedral and the 9/11 Memorial and Museum. _____参考答案:错6.The state of Washington has its national symbols, such as the White Houseand the US Capitol that are accessible to visitors from both at home andabroad. The others are the National Mall, the Lincoln Memorial, theWashington Monument, and, Library of Congress, etc._______参考答案:错7.As every one knows, the hottest attractions in Florida, which is known as “theSunshine State” is Walt Disney World, Universal Studios, the EvergladesNational Park, the Kennedy Space Center and the Florida Keys. __________参考答案:对8.In general, the second largest state in the US is Texas, which is known as the“Lone Star State” and offers a diversity of landscapes, from desert regions to the caves systems to mountains, and the splendid coastal scenery along the Gulf of Mexico. _________参考答案:对9.The must-see attractions in Seattle, Washington are the Mount RainierNational Park, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an International Biosphere Reserve, and the Washington Museum of the Flight with the displays of all kinds of ships. ________参考答案:错10.Los Angeles is known as the entertainment capital of the world, such asDisneyland. The others are Universal Studios Hollywood, and HollywoodWalk of Fame, and the Hollywood sign that has come to represent theglamour and excitement of the movie industry.________参考答案:对第十三章测试1.Surely, United States is a sports-loving country, and watching or attendingsports events alsoremains very important in the lives of all American people. Strangely enough, in some Americans’ eyes, sports are more important than birth ordeath.__________参考答案:错2.In the video, Edward says that the NBA is popular throughout the America,especially in his hometown, the Phoenix Suns is their city’s team. Edwardalso notices that many Chinese students in the university know more aboutthe NBA and its players than he does. ________参考答案:对3.Tim says in the video that he participated in American football when he wasin high school. In his mind, American football is a kind of unique expressionof American culture: aggressiveness, and organization and specialization and inclusiveness.__________参考答案:对4.Don comes from the city of Denver, where American baseball is very popular.In recent years, they have won the Super Bowl for two times. As for himpersonally, he only likes watching football on TV, and does go to the stadium until the Super Bowl comes.________参考答案:错5.As far as Dr. Pan is concerned, Yao Ming is his favorite NBA player. Andbecause of him in the past, he began to watch the NBA program a lot ingeneral, and the Houston Rockets, one of the American professionalbasketball teams in particular on TV. ______参考答案:对6.It is generally known that the “Small Three” sports in America are football,baseball and basketball, and other favorite sports include ice hockey, soccer, boxing, tennis, golf, bowling, swimming, fishing, hunting, boating and track and field, and so on.______参考答案:错7.As is known to all, American basketball is played during the late summer orpreseason, the fall or regular season and the winter until late in January or post-season. And this sports event truly culminates in the Super Bowl todecide the champion team for the year. _________参考答案:错8.In the US, baseball is still widely considered a national sport, although it lagsbehind football in popularity, it’s commonly referred as “America’s pastime”, which is also a popular game in Japan, Cuba and the Dominican Republic, and so on._________参考答案:对9.Unlike American football, basketball is an indoor sports. During the snowywinter months, when outdoor sports like football activities couldn’t beplayed, basketball, as an indoor activity will replace it. And the NBA madethis game more professional and popular worldwide.___参考答案:对10.When Yao Ming played for the Houston Rockets from 2002 to 2011, hebecame the global symbol of basketball and made this sport very popular in China in general and in Chinese colleges and universities in particular.________参考答案:对第十四章测试1.Nowadays, whenever we talk about American movies, the first place thatoccurs to our mindis probably Hollywood in Los Angeles, which has had a profound effect oncinema across the world since the early 19th century.__________参考答案:错2.The history of American movies development is separated into four mainperiods: the silent film era, the classical Hollywood cinema, New Hollywood and the contemporary period after 1980. And this industry has lost a lot ofmoney since the 1920s. _______参考答案:错3.By the mid-1920s, American film industry came into the hands of a fewpowerful companies,which controlled production, distribution and exhibition. Normally, theyw ere called “the Big Five” and “the Little Three” as well.________参考答案:对4.Tim says that he has a lot of favorite American movies, in particular, themovie “Avatar” because he likes science fiction movies a lot. “Avatar” was the most successful movie in history due to its computer graphics that created a new world on another planet.____参考答案:对5.On of the masterpieces of Universal Pictures includes Uncle Tom’s Cabin in1972. Compared with its novel, its movie, in Dr. Pan’s mind is able to tug the hearts trings even more since “A picture is worth a thousand words” and a movie is worth one thousand pictures. _____参考答案:错6.The masterpieces of Columbia Pictures include The Bridge on the River Kwaiin 1957; which tells the story during World War I, about the POWs who were forced by Japanese invaders to build a bridge across the River Kwai on the Thai-Myanmar border in Northern Thailand._______参考答案:错7.In the video, Edward says that his favorite movie studio is the Universalstudio in California. He once paid a visit to that studio, which produces hisfavorite sitcom, called Friends, one of the most popular TV show fromAmerica.__________参考答案:对8.Take the 89th Academy Awards ceremony on February 26, 2017 for example,Justin Timberlake was invited to sing for the closing ceremony. Then, thebiggest winners were the movies of La La Land and Moonlight, which wonthe best pictures for Oscars in 2017.________参考答案:错9.In reality, America is also regarded as “a Cultural Melting Pot” since it’s musicis influenced by a mixture of West African styles as well as, Irish, Scottish,French, German, Italian and Latin music in Europe, and even by Chinese,Japanese and Indian music in Asia._____参考答案:对10.The major types of American music are jazz, blues, country, rock ‘n’ roll, andhip hop, or rap music. Despite its short history, it has helped to express anational identity on the one hand, and achieved great international acclaim since the 21st century on the other.________参考答案:对第十五章测试1.In the video, D. Pan mentions that there are ten and a half public holidaysthat are celebrated each year in the United States. Among them, New Year'sDay and Christmas Day are commonly shared with many other countries.However, the other eight holidays are quite unique._____参考答案:对2.The eight unique holidays in the US are Thanksgiving Day, Independence Dayor the Fourth of September, Martin Luther King Day, Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day and Veterans Day.________参考答案:错3.During the public holidays, some Americans like to do many delightful things,such as reading a book outside, going to the zoo with kids, hosting a tea party with friends, seeing their favorite movies or doing a hike in their nearestnational park. _______参考答案:错4.Edward’s favorite festival in America would have to be Christmas time. Hetruly enjoys giving gifts, and seeing the delight on his nephew and niece’sfaces when the kids open up their own presents.________参考答案:对5.As far as Don is concerned, his favorite festival would have to beThanksgiving Day. The reason is simple since this day is a festival of gratitude.However, what Don lik es about Thanksgiving is that it’s a high time whentheir family moves to play outside.______参考答案:错6.As for Tim, Christmas is his favorite festival, although it has becomecommercialized. This time of year is also called the Christmas season which starts on Thanksgiving a month before, to encourage people to go shopping to buy gifts and give them to the others.______参考答案:对7.In America, celebrating the New Year’s Day includes counting down to 12:00midnight on New Year’s Eve, which is often accompani ed with fireworksdisplays and parties. “The ball drop” at Times Square in New York City hasbecome a national New Year’s Eve event. ________参考答案:对8.Washington’s Birthday is also called Presidents’ Day, which is celebrated onthe third Monday in February in order to commemorate both GeorgeWashington and Franklin Roosevelt. But today, this holiday is considered to honor all American presidents.________参考答案:错9.Interestingly enough, Groundhog Day isn’t a public holiday, but a traditionalobservance on February 2nd each year. According to folklore, if it is cloudy when a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day, the spring season。

第7章美国文学Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. American literature is mainly about the seeking of the American people for success and happiness. _____【答案】T【解析】美国文学主要是关于美国人民追寻成功和幸福。

2. Rip Van Winkle was a character created by James Fenimore Cooper. _____【答案】F【解析】《瑞普·凡·温克》是小说家及历史家华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）的名篇。

故事主要讲述主人公瑞普·凡·温克喝醉之后在梦中的奇遇，然后顿悟过了一生。

3. The Leather-Stocking Tales consist of five novels depicting the American West. _____【答案】T【解析】《皮袜子故事集》是美国作家詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）的系列小说，共包含《杀鹿者》（The Deerslayer）、《最后的莫希干人》（The Last of the Mohicans）、《探路人》（The Pathfinder）、《拓荒者》（The Pioneer）和《大草原》（The Prairie）等五部小说。

4. Before Mark Twain, all major American writers were born on the East Coast. _____ 【答案】T【解析】马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国作家、演说家，生于美国密苏里州佛罗里达。

美国往事黑帮世界的荣光与堕落美国往事：黑帮世界的荣光与堕落美国历史上的黑帮世界是无疑令人着迷的一个话题。

从20世纪初到20世纪中叶，黑帮在美国社会中扮演着重要的角色，他们既是社会的罪人，也是社会的英雄。

尽管黑帮世界充满了暴力和犯罪，但它同时也展现了人类欲望、权力斗争和社会现象的方方面面。

本文将探讨美国黑帮世界的荣光与堕落，并分析其对美国社会及文化的影响。

一、黑帮的崛起黑帮的崛起与美国社会的变革密不可分。

20世纪初，美国经济迅速发展，城市化进程迅猛推进。

这为黑帮提供了充足的机会。

同时，禁酒令的实施也成为黑帮崛起的关键因素之一。

禁酒令时期，黑帮通过非法制造、运输和销售酒类获取巨额利润，这使得许多黑帮组织成为了庞大的犯罪帝国。

二、社会荣耀与堕落1. 社会地位的提升在禁酒令时期，黑帮如花园派（Garden Gang）和芝加哥黑手党阿尔·卡彭的组织等，逐渐崛起并掌握了庞大的财富和权力。

他们充当了未受到禁酒令限制的合法商人，同时还提供了一种“解禁品”的供应链。

部分社会上层阶级为了满足饮酒的需求，纷纷与黑帮合作，这进一步提升了黑帮的社会地位和影响力。

2. 政治和经济利益的控制黑帮在这一时期不仅仅是犯罪团伙，他们也开始触及政治和经济利益的控制。

借助于财富、暴力和舆论力量，他们渗透了政府机构，并通过政治权力以及对经济的控制获得了更大的影响力。

有些黑帮头目还成为政治和商业精英，跻身于当时社会的最高层。

3. 传媒的美化电影、电视剧等大众媒体对黑帮展开了美化的描绘，将他们塑造成英雄式的角色，这进一步推动了黑帮文化的传承和发展。

黑帮成为了大众文化的一部分，人们通过电影和其他媒体了解黑帮，并对其产生兴趣和向往。

这种美化现象为黑帮的繁荣提供了一定的社会基础。

三、社会和文化的影响1. 暴力、犯罪与制度腐败黑帮世界虽然带来了一定的经济利益，但它也导致了严重的社会问题。

黑帮的存在加剧了暴力和犯罪现象，为社会治安带来了巨大的威胁。

武汉大学美国社会与文化慕课答案答案均来自本人收集整理，未经授权禁止转载，还需要其它答案的同学，可以直接发私哦，私都会一一回复的，评论不回复哈！1、The US is locatedA、in the Eastern HemisphereB、in the Western HemisphereC、between the Pacific and the Indian OceansD、between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean答案：in the Western Hemisphere--------------------------------2、Which is the highest mountain range in North America?A、Pacific CoastB、Rocky MountainsC、Appalachian MountainsD、Canadian Shield答案：Rocky Mountains--------------------------------3、Which event directly provoked the American Revolution?A、The France-Britain WarB、Imposition of new taxes by BritainC、The Boston Tea Party incidentD、No representation of the colonies in the British Parliament答案：The Boston Tea Party incident--------------------------------A、Benjamin FranklinB、Thomas JeffersonC、John AdamsD、Robert Livingston答案：--------------------------------5、The Gilded Age refers to an era of rapid growth and blatant corruption in the late 19th century. The name was borrowed from a novel written byA.the United States in 120s.B.the United States in early 20th century.C.the United States in 1950s.D.the United States in late 20th century.答案：B--------------------------------1、The First Article of the US Constitution gives the law-making power toA、Congress (the legislative branch)B、President (the executive branch)C、Supreme Court (he Judicial branch)D、The States答案：C 此题为细节题，根据文章“The Tournament starts each year six weeks before the first Monday in August．”可知C 为正确答案。

英美社会与文化名词解释1.American Indians美国印第安人It is considered as native inhabitants of North America.2.Mayflower CompactIt is the first document of self-government in American,and it is the seed of American democracy.3.The Civil Rights MovementIt is the blacks' struggle against racial discrimination and demand for equal rights with the whites. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance.4.Separation of powersDue to the structural principle of U.S. federal government.The doctrine that political power should be divided among separate and independent bodies as a precaution against tyranny or arbitrary excesses by government.Three branches of government are created and power is shared among them.5.baby boom婴儿潮，生育高峰It is a period marked by a greatly increased birth rate.It most often refers to the post-WWⅡhigher birth rate in the United States.It is a period from 1946 to 1964.It is estimated that 78.3 million Americans were born.it has been described variously as a "shockwave" and as "the pig in the python."6.McCarthyismAnti-Communist hysteria in US during the 1950 launched by McCarthy. The campaign of widespread persecution of many people as Soviet spies.Its effects lasted for decades.7.A salad bowlIt is alternative metaphors to describe the current American society , the trend is toward multiculturalism.It just like ingredients in a real salad,each culture keeps its own special "taste" and characteristics.8.Electoral CollegeAmerican way to elect the President.The President is not elected directly by the voters but by "presidential electors".9.Uncle SamIt is a figure symbolizing the United States.It is portrayed as a tall,white-haired man with a goatee.He often dressed in red ,white,and blue, and wears a top hat."Uncle Sam" to the United States is "John Bull" to UK.10.Muckrakers黑幕揭发者They were a group of reform-minded journalists,novelists and critics in America at the turn of the20th century.They exposed various dark sides of the seemingly prosperous society.They gave rise to the Progressive movement.11.Rosa Parks IncidentRosa Parks is a middle-aged black woman.She refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger who had just gotten on.Then Rosa was arrested and fined 10 dollars.This insident led to a 1956 Supreme Court decision banning segregated buses.12.A nation of nations万民之邦The US has long been known as a nation of immigration,a multinational and multiracial country.The vast majority of its population is immigrants or descendants of immigrants coming from all over the world.13.New EnglandIn 1620,pilgrims from England first settled in New England to form plymouth Colony.But now,it is a region in the northeastern comer of the United States consisting of the 6 states.14.WASPsIt refers to the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants and their descendants.They are Americans of English ancestry.Until quite recently,to many peopie the WASPs had been the Americans.Their culture had represented the American culture.The WASPs still dominate every aspect of American life.。

飘中的社会与文化背景《飘》中的社会与文化背景【引言】《飘》是美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔所著的一部经典小说，也是美国南方文学的重要代表作之一。

小说以美国南北战争与重建时期为背景，深刻描绘了当时社会与文化的变迁。

本文将从三个方面来探讨《飘》中的社会与文化背景。

【第一部分】一、美国南北战争的社会与文化背景美国南北战争（1861-1865）是19世纪美国南北两地的战争冲突，它的起因是南方与北方在政治、经济和社会制度上的分歧。

南方的种植园经济以奴隶制度为支撑，而北方则已逐渐工业化，反对奴隶制度。

这一战争不仅对美国南方的社会与文化产生了重大影响，也对整个美国的历史进程产生了深远影响。

二、战争对社会与文化的冲击南北战争期间，美国南部的社会结构发生了巨大的变化。

大批农奴获得自由，奴隶制度被废除，这使得原本建立在奴隶劳动上的南部经济遭受了重大打击。

同时，战争对南部的基础设施、农田和城市造成了严重破坏，社会秩序也出现了混乱。

三、文化的多元性与碰撞战争期间，美国南北地区的文化也发生了剧烈冲突。

南方尊奉的“骑士精神”与北方的工业文明发生冲突，两种截然不同的社会与文化价值观在战争中激烈碰撞。

这种碰撞不仅仅表现在战场上，也体现在南北方人们的生活方式和艺术创作中。

【第二部分】一、重建时期的社会与文化变迁南北战争结束后，美国南部进入了重建时期。

重建时期，南部政府的重建政策试图重塑战后社会与文化秩序，但面临复杂而困难的挑战。

社会的种族问题成为南部乃至整个美国社会与文化的重要议题。

二、种族问题与南部黑人的命运重建时期，南部黑人逐渐摆脱奴隶制度的束缚，但在社会地位和权益方面仍面临巨大挑战。

他们遭受种族歧视和剥削，黑人与白人之间固有的社会隔阂并未真正消失。

《飘》中的主人公斯佳丽正是活生生的例子，她的命运深受种族问题和社会制度的影响。

三、南方社会的崩溃与道德沦丧南北战争与重建时期的冲击使得南方社会面临着巨大的崩溃与变革。

许多传统的社会道德与伦理观念被彻底颠覆，这种道德沦丧进一步影响了整个社会的稳定和秩序。

朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》配套题库【课后习题】（美国⽂学）第7章美国⽂学Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. American literature is mainly about the seeking of the American people for success and happiness. _____【答案】T【解析】美国⽂学主要是关于美国⼈民追寻成功和幸福。

2. Rip Van Winkle was a character created by James Fenimore Cooper. _____【答案】F【解析】《瑞普·凡·温克》是⼩说家及历史家华盛顿·欧⽂（Washington Irving）的名篇。

故事主要讲述主⼈公瑞普·凡·温克喝醉之后在梦中的奇遇，然后顿悟过了⼀⽣。

3. The Leather-Stocking Tales consist of five novels depicting the American West. _____【答案】T【解析】《⽪袜⼦故事集》是美国作家詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）的系列⼩说，共包含《杀⿅者》（The Deerslayer）、《最后的莫希⼲⼈》（The Last of the Mohicans）、《探路⼈》（The Pathfinder）、《拓荒者》（The Pioneer）和《⼤草原》（The Prairie）等五部⼩说。

4. Before Mark Twain, all major American writers were born on the East Coast. _____ 【答案】T【解析】马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国作家、演说家，⽣于美国密苏⾥州佛罗⾥达。

第3章美国的起始Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur. _____【答案】T【解析】什么样的人叫美国人？这一经典的问题是由法国农人赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔在他的《美国农人书简》一书中提出来的。

2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. _____【答案】T【解析】克里斯托弗·哥伦布是西班牙著名航海家，于1492年第一个发现美洲大陆。

3. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. _____【答案】F【解析】1607年，英国有3艘船只行驶到北美，殖民者史密斯等在弗吉尼亚亨利角登陆，并定居下来。

4. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church. _____【答案】F【解析】这批出逃的清教徒并非是从罗马天主教反叛而出，而是从英国国教中反叛而出。

5. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. _____【答案】T【解析】宾夕法尼亚州曾属于威廉佩恩，而他本人则信仰贵格派，他决定按照贵格会的理想，建立一个宗教信仰和政治自由的地方。

因此宾州是美国第一个宗教信仰自由的地方。

6. The theory of politics of the American Revolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century. _____【答案】F【解析】洛克是十七世纪英国著名哲学家。

美国社会与文化Part I Geography1. The two newest states Alaska and Hawaii are separated from the continental United States: Alaska borders on northwestern Canada, and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加与加拿大西北部接壤，夏威夷则位于太平洋中部。

2. Of all the states of America, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on themainland Texas is the largest state of the country.阿拉斯加是美国面积最大的州，罗得岛州最小。

而在美国大陆，最大的州是德克萨斯州。

3. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被称为大陆分水岭。

4. The two main mountain ranges in America are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from northeast tosouthwest and the Rocky Mountains run slightly from northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座达山脉。

阿巴拉契亚山脉略呈东北至西南走向，而落基山脉略呈西北至东南走向。

美国社会的文化与伦理
王延光
【期刊名称】《唐都学刊》
【年(卷),期】2015(031)003
【摘要】对所见所闻的美国社会现象和生活现实的梳理和思考,发现美国的文化伦理特征是个人主义的,追求个人自由和享受的,但同时又有社会行善互助的良好风气.美国年轻人的性开放被社会接受,但对待婚姻较为严肃;美国人的人际关系淡漠,但对不同人群较为宽容;美国人注重人的尊严,视任何职业的人都是平等的,但同时认为劳动是平等和尊严的基础;美国人的自立、自主教育形成了美国人个性直率、诚实、自信的个人素质等等.讨论美国社会的文化和伦理,对践行社会主义核心价值观、提高全民道德修养具有一定的借鉴意义.
【总页数】5页(P13-17)
【作者】王延光
【作者单位】中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】B82-052
【相关文献】
1.传统民族伦理的文化凝炼与中国特色社会主义——现代伦理体系构建的文化彰显[J], 黄超;冯振萍;李宪伦
2.作为社会文化运动的生命伦理学--新西兰生命伦理学的历史与社会学研究之一
[J], 聂精保;林莉·安德森;曾丽达;颜青山
3.作为社会文化运动的生命伦理学--新西兰生命伦理学的历史与社会学研究之一[J], 聂精保;林莉·安德森;曾丽达;颜青山
4.作为社会文化运动的生命伦理学——新西兰生命伦理学的历史与社会学研究之一[J], 聂精保;曾丽达（译）;颜青山（译）
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中国和美国的文化有哪些不同1.社会结构：在中国，家庭是社会生活的核心。

中国有着强烈的家庭价值观念，重视家庭内部的亲密关系和责任。

相比之下，美国强调个人的独立和自由，重视个人的成就和个人权利。

2.教育体系：在中国，教育被视为一种机会，为孩子提供良好的教育是家长的一种责任和优先考虑。

在美国，教育也很重要，但更注重培养学生的创造力和独立思考能力，鼓励学生追求自己的兴趣和激发潜能。

3.礼仪和礼节：在中国，礼仪和礼节非常重要。

人们会更注重面子和尊严，在公共场合中尽量避免表达直接的批评或拒绝。

而在美国，人们更注重诚实和直接表达，通常更愿意接受直接的反馈和建议。

4.饮食文化：在中国，人们喜欢与家人或朋友一起分享大餐，讲究菜肴的味道、形状和色彩。

餐桌礼仪也非常重要。

而在美国，餐桌上通常会有更多种类的食物和饮品，但餐桌礼节相对简单，更注重交流和享受。

5.宗教信仰：在中国，佛教、道教和儒家思想对文化和社会起着重要的影响。

大部分中国人没有宗教信仰，但仍然会尊重传统和祖先。

相比之下，美国有着多元的宗教信仰，信仰自由是美国宪法所保护的基本权利。

6.社交习俗：在中国，人们重视面子和社交阶层，礼貌和尊重他人的地位非常重要。

人们可以通过送礼或请客来建立和维持人际关系。

而在美国，人们更注重平等和尊重个人的自由和权利，在社交场合中更注重自由的表达和意见交流。

7.婚姻与家庭观念：在中国，传统观念中婚姻被视为家庭的基础，大多数人倾向于把婚姻视为一生的承诺。

而在美国，人们普遍更注重婚姻的个人幸福和互惠关系，离婚率相对较高。

8.对待时间的态度：在中国，人们对时间有着不同的看法。

虽然中国现代社会越来越注重效率和准时，但仍然存在“中国时间”的现象，人们在处理事务时更注重灵活性和忍耐力。

而在美国，准时是一种重要的文化价值观念，人们更注重时间管理和效率。

9.艺术和传统文化：在中国，传统文化和艺术形式，如京剧、曲艺、书法和绘画，一直以来都受到推崇和传承。

Name: Student No.: Class:I.Brief-answer questions （本题满分35分）Passage OneEvery year, one American family in five moves to a new home. Most of these new homes are in the Sunbelt States, a nickname for the warm, sunny states of the South and Southwest. The Sun Belt has seen substantial population growth in recent decades, partly fueled by a surge in retiring baby boomers who migrate domestically, as well as the influx of immigrants, both legal and illegal. People are also moving because jobs and industries have shifted from Frostbelt to the Sunbelt. Known for its cold, frost-producing winters and heavy snowfall, the Frost Belt is generally considered to include the Northeastern United States, the Great Lakes Region and much of the Upper Midwest. For many years, the Frost Belt was the center of American economic activity, and the most populous part of the United States. However, in the past several decades, the Frost Belt had already been experiencing a stagnating population. For instance, the following states experienced the least population growth during the 1990s: District of Columbia (-5.7%), North Dakota (0.5%), West Virginia (0.8%), Pennsylvania (3.4%) and Connecticut (3.6%).This Frostbelt-Sunbelt Shift is also a shift from the previously economically and politically important Northeast to the South and West. Warmer climate, and a boom in the agriculture industry allowed for the southern third of the U.S.A. to grow by leaps and bounds economically. The climate stimulates not only agricultural growth but was also a haven for many retirees who set up retirement communities in places such as Florida and Arizona. Industries such as aerospace, defense and oil boomed in the Sun Belt. The oil industry helped propel many southern states such as T exas and Louisiana forward and tourism exploded in Florida and southern California.The economic emergence of the Sun Belt also had political ramifications. Since 1970, the Sun Belt has gained 25 electoral votes, which were shifted mainly from Northern and Midwestern states. In the next two decades, it is predicted some states will record stunning gains: Florida (+9 House seats), Texas (+8), and Arizona (+5), and the big losers are New York (-6), Ohio (-4), Pennsylvania (-4), and Illinois (-3). So the House and Electoral Vote gains and losses from region to region over the next few decades will be eye-catching, even spectacular and these figures will have enormous consequences for the economies of the various regions.1、According to the above passage, please draw rough borderlines on the U.S. map belowmarking the regions covered by Frostbelt and Sunbelt respectively. (本小题4分)2、Please categorize the following cities into Frostbelt cities (FC) and Sunbelt cities (SC).(本小题6分)Milwaukee __FC____ Austin ___SC____ Las Vegas ___SC_____Chicago ___FC____ Phoenix ___SC____ Buffalo ___FC______Houston ___SC____ Dallas __SC______ Cincinnati ___FC______ Kansas City __FC______ San Diego _____SC______ San Jose ___SC______3、Please list major factors which contribute to the rapid development of Sunbelt regions according to the above passage. (本小题4分)答：Warmer climate, and a boom in the agriculture industry allowed for the southern third of the U.S.A. to grow by leaps and bounds economically. The climate stimulates not only agricultural growth but was also a haven for many retirees who set up retirement communities in places such as Florida and Arizona. Industries such as aerospace, defense and oil boomed in the Sun Belt. The oil industry helped propel many southern states such as Texas and Louisiana forward and tourism exploded in Florida and southern California.4、How do you understand the bolded phrase “House seats”? Which House does the “House” in this passage specifically refer to? And why does the population growth or decline have an impact on the number of Seats? (本小题6分)答：Refers to the seats in the house of Representatives。

第12章美国的妇女解放运动Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. From its beginning, the women’s movement was inextricably entwined with theCivil Rights movement. _____【答案】T【解析】从一开始，妇女运动就与民权运动紧密地交织在一起。

2. Women’s Liberation beg an as a movement in the early 1960s. _____【答案】F【解析】第一次要求改变妇女地位的压力来自于1848年在纽约北部塞尼卡瀑布的卫斯利亚教堂举行的一次小型会议，讨论的是妇女的社会、公民和宗教状况以及妇女权利，可以看做是妇女解放运动的开端。

3. Mott and Stanton had first met eight years earlier in London, at the World’sAnti-slavery Convention. _____【答案】T【解析】莫特和斯坦顿于1840年在伦敦举行的世界反奴隶制大会上首次会面。

4. Negroes and women were happy under the domination of masters. _____【答案】F【解析】黑人和女性在白人的统治下饱受歧视和压榨，生活艰难。

5. Republican Party leaders included provisions explicitly protecting women in the Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution. _____【答案】F【解析】在20世纪60年代后期，共和党领导人拒绝在重建宪法修正案中明确保护妇女的条款，一个独立的妇女选举权组织由此成立。

一．Listening Comprehension （1*10=10）【1个对话，2篇段落】二．Multiple choice （1*20=20）【单元测试中1-8单元的选择题】三．Term Explanation （5*4=20）1.Blended Family 7Blended family is one type of the American family stuctures.This is a family chooses in which two persons remarry . These two persons both once got divorced ,but have children. In the new family ,they make both groups of children live together.2.The Great Depression 2During most of the 1920s,the Unite States enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity.①The boom was fueled by an inflated stock market, which later led to a crash on October 29, 1929.②This, along with many other economic factors, triggered a world-wide depression known as the Great Depression. During this time, the United States experienced deflation, unemployment increased from 3% in 1929 to 25% in 1933, and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.3.Mother's Day 4①The modern Mother's Day as celebrated in the US holiday as a day to honor mothers and motherhood; especially within the context of families, and family relationships.②It is now celebrated on various days in many parts of the world. The United States celebrates Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May.③The holiday was created by Anna Jarvis in Grafton, West Virginia, in 1908 as a day to honor one's mother.4.The lvy league 5①The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising 8 private institutions of higher education such as Harvard University , Yale University and so on in the Northeastern United States.②In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and worldwide.75.Affirmative Action is a policy or program intended to promote access to education Affirmative action①or employment for minority groups and women.past of redress the effects affirmative action policies is to ②Motivation for discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals, and police forces to be more representative of the population.36.The Bill of RightsThe Constitution has twenty-seven amendments. The first ten, collectively known ①, were ratified simultaneously by 1791. The following seventeen Bill of Rights as the were ratified separately over the next two centuries.They were introduced by Jame Madison and Thomas Jefferson was a supporter of ②the bill of rights.of press, Freedom of freedom of speech, the ③For example , First Amendment–from Protection Third Amendment–Religion, and of assembly; right to petition.. quartering of troops.7.April Fool's Day 4①April Fool's Day is a day celebrated in many countries on April 1.②The day is marked by the commission of hoaxes and other practical jokes of varying sophistication on friends，family members，enemies，and neighbors.③April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun fest, so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.8.SAT 5①Scholastic Assessment Test and Scholastic Aptitude Test②The SAT and ACT are the most common standardized tests that students take when applying to college.③Most competitive schools also require two or three SAT Subject Tests, (formerly known as SAT IIs), which are shorter exams that focus strictly on a particular subject matter.④Possible scores range from 600 to 2400, combining test results from threewriting .critical reading and 800-point sections . Including math四．True or False （1*10=10）【教学课件中的内容】五．Questions （10*2=20）1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of jury system(陪审团制度) in the Judicial System（司法系统） of the United States？3Advantages：Firstly, it is formed by ordinary people who have different kinds of jobs. Secondly , it is democratic . Thirdly , it help to enhance the credibility of the trial（提高审判公信力. Fourthly , it has law-making function（造法功能）. The last , it also has educational function（教育功能）Disadvantages:Firstly,most members of the jury do not have the legal expertise(缺乏法律专业知识). What's more, if the Government cannot protect the jury well , the situation that thejury is being bought off or being threatened will be frequently happen. This will enable the upper social strata to have a good umbrella.(如果政府对陪审团保护不利的情况下，很容易发生陪审团被买通被威胁的事件，这样使社会上层人士有个很好的保护伞。