专项训练二

2024年河北省石家庄市小升初数学100题应用题专项训练试卷二含答案及精讲学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、思维应用题(共100题，每题1分)1.工厂生产200个零件，不合格的只有4个，这批零件合格率是多少？2.修一段公路，第一天修了1/5，第二天比第一天少修了17米，还剩下437米，第一天修了多少米？3.植树节，东方小学把栽210棵树的任务，按照六年级三个班的人数分配给各班，一班有46人，二班有44人，三班有50人．三个班各应栽树多少棵？4.师徒二人加工一批零件，徒弟加工120个，有20个不合格，师傅加工80个，合格75个，求这批零件的合格率．5.甲乙两地相距290千米，一辆汽车从甲地开往乙地，行了6小时后，离乙地还有50千米．汽车平均每小时行多少千米？6.王老师把20000元存入银行，整存整取三年，年利率按3.69%算，到期时，他可以得到利息多钱？7.小华在计算31.2除以一个数时，由于商的小数点向右多点了一位，结果是65．这道试题的除数是多少？8.六年级一班有学生48人，其中男生占9/16，全班有35人报名参加科技兴趣小组，这个班报名参加科技兴趣小组的男生最多有多少人，最少有多少人．9.甲、乙两人同时合打一份7000字的稿件，甲每小时打600字，乙比甲每小时多打200字，经过多少小时可以完成任务．10.一件衣服打6折后的价钱是54元，这件衣服的原价是多少元？一双鞋子的价钱又是这件衣服原价的1/2，这双鞋卖多少元？11.某小区新建15栋楼房，每栋有6层，每层8户，新建楼房可以住多少户人家？12.一件衣服150元，先提价10%，再降价10%，该衣服是多少元？13.在一块宽150米，长228米的平地内有一个长方体水池，水池长30米，宽15米，深8米，如果用平地上的土将这水池填平（地上一样平）．问平地要挖低几米？14.甲乙两车同时从AB两地出发相向而行，当甲车行了AB路程的3/20时，乙车行了AB路程的1/5；当甲车距B地还有AB路程的1/4的时候，乙车正好到达A地，立即返回．当甲车到达B地时，乙车距B地还有AB路程的多少？15.在学校举办的艺术节中，六年级参加演出的同学有275人，比五年级参加演出的同学的1.5倍少19人，五年级有多少人参加演出？16.一项工程，甲队独做要12天完成，乙队的工作效率是甲队的1/3，如果甲、乙两队合作共同完成这项工程，多少天可以全部完成这项工程．17.豆腐坊有5千克黄豆磨出20千克豆腐，照这样计算，有65千克黄豆可以磨出多少千克豆腐？18.甲乙两个工程队共同完成一项任务，甲工程队有138人，乙工程队有96人．因工作需要，从乙队调出一部分人员到甲队，调动后甲队的人数是乙队的2倍．从乙队调多少人去甲队？19.一辆汽车从A地到B地，当行驶到超过中点46千米处时，正好行完全程的62%，A、B两地相距多少千米？20.五年级原有学生240人，其中女生占7/15，后来又转来几名女生，这样女生人数就占总人数的15/31．又转来几名女生？21.松鼠妈妈采松子，晴天可采20个，雨天只能采12个，它一连采了112个松子，平均每天采14个，这几天当中有多少个晴天．22.植树节那天，班主任老师带领本班学生40人去栽树，老师一人栽8棵树，男生每人栽4棵树，女生每人栽3棵树，总共栽150棵，班上有男、女生各多少人？23.一项工程15人工作12天可以完成，如果每个人的工作效率相等，那么增加3人可提前几天完成？24.妈妈买回鸡蛋和鸭蛋共21个，其中鸭蛋占3/7；后来，妈妈又买回几个鸭蛋，这时鸭蛋占总蛋数的7/13，后来妈妈又买回来几个鸭蛋？25.一瓶“84”消毒液写明：清洗浴缸时，需要将原液和清水按1：300配制，李阿姨倒出原液10克清洗浴缸，要加清水多少千克？（用比例知识解答）26.哥哥身高170厘米，妈妈身高150厘米．妹妹踩在一块石头上才和妈妈一样高，哥哥踩在这个石头上比妈妈高60厘米，妹妹高多少厘米？这块石头高多少厘米？27.建筑工地有一堆圆锥形的沙子，量得底面周长是25.12米，高是2米，如果每立方米沙重1.2吨，这堆沙子共重多少吨？28.市供电公司为了让居民错开用电高峰，保证工业用电，特推出分时电价．一天中，早上8点--晚上9点居民用电按“谷”价收费，每千瓦时电价0.54元．晚上9点--次日8点用电按“平”价收费，每千瓦时电价0.45元．小明家五月份共用电80千瓦时，交电费40.5元，他家这个月中“谷”价用电多少千瓦时．29.甲乙两车同时从相距33千米的两地同向而行，甲车在前，每小时行50千米，乙车在后，速度时65千米/时，经过多少时间乙车能追上甲车？30.在一只长50厘米，宽40厘米的玻璃缸中，放入一块棱长为10厘米的正方体铁块，这时水深为20厘米，如果把这块铁块从水中取出，缸中的水深是多少厘米？31.甲乙两港之间的水路长504千米，小明上午7：00从甲地上船，晚上9时到达乙地，这艘客船平均每小时航行多少千米？32.一辆汽车从甲地开往乙地，第一小时行了全程的25%，第二小时行了余下的10/27，这时离乙地还有102千米．甲、乙两地之间的路程是多少千米？33.小学六年级有学生318人，五年级学生人数是六年级的5/6，小学五年级有多少人？34.甲、乙、丙三人共有人民币168元，第一次甲拿出与乙相同的钱数给乙；第二次乙拿出与丙相同的钱数给丙；第三次丙拿出与甲相同的钱数给甲，这时甲、乙、丙三人钱数恰好相等．原来甲比乙多多少元？35.同学们做了24朵红花和56朵黄花，把这些花分成相同的若干束，最多可以分成几束？每束里红花和黄花各有几朵？36.李强的父亲做生意急需10000元，于是向银行贷款，期限三年，贷款的年利率为7.20%，到期时他应向银行归还多少元？37.一个无水观赏鱼缸长50厘米，宽35厘米，里面放有一块高为30cm，体积为300cm3的假石山．如果水管以每分钟9dm3的流量向鱼缸内注水，至少需要多少时间才能将假石山完全淹没？38.有54名工人，要把21桶油送到18千米外的工厂，两人抬一桶，大家轮流休息，问：平均每人抬几千米？39.杭州地铁某施工队计划用3周修一段长2000米的路段，第一周修了全长的2/5，第二周比第一周多修130米，余下的第三周修，第三周要修多少米？40.甲乙两港相距1200千米，甲船从甲港开往乙港，每小时行60千米．甲船开出30分钟后，乙船从乙港开往甲港每小时行70千米，乙船开出后几小时相遇？41.甲、乙两地相距560千米，一辆汽车早上7：30从甲地出发，14：30到达乙地。

现代文阅读专项训练（二）-小学语文二年级上册部编版一．现代文阅读（共8小题）1．读一读，做一做。

热闹的菜市场热闹的菜市场，是瓜果蔬菜们聚会的地方，听，他们在开心地交流呢!金色的南瓜说：我来自高高的山坡上。

碧绿的黄瓜说：我的家就住在那粗壮的竹竿上。

白生生的莲藕说：我一直住在那黑乎乎的淤（yū）泥里。

圆圆的蘑菇说：雨天的小树林里，是我们捉过迷藏的地方。

（1）这首诗歌告诉我们南瓜的家在，黄瓜的家在，莲藕的家在，蘑菇的家在。

（填序号）①竹竿上②山坡上③小树林里④淤泥里（2）根据诗歌内容连线，并照样子写一写。

圆圆的碧绿的金色的白生生的南瓜莲藕蘑菇黄瓜翠绿的竹林火红的金黄的（3）请你也来当一个小诗人，仿照这首小诗写一写。

长长的海带说：我一直住在2．爱吹嘘（xū）的猫有一只猫，总喜欢在别人面前吹嘘自己，而对自己的过失却百般掩（yǎn）盖。

它捕．（bǔpǔ）捉老鼠时，不小心让老鼠逃跑了。

于是，它就说：“我是看它太瘦（shòu），才放它走的，等它以后养肥了再说。

”它到河边捉鱼，被鲤鱼的尾巴劈（pī）脸打了一下，它装出笑脸说：“我本来就不想捉它﹣捉它还不容易？我是要利用它的尾巴来洗脸。

”一次，它掉进泥坑里，身上沾满了污泥。

看到伙伴们惊异（yì）的目光，它解释道：“身上跳蚤（zǎo）多，用这办法治它们，最灵验不过！”后来，它掉进河里。

伙伴们打算救它，它说：“你们以为我遇到危险（xiǎn）了吧？不，我是在游泳………”话还没说完，它就沉没．（méi mò）了。

“走吧！”伙伴们说，“现在，它大概是在表演潜（qián）水了。

”（1）用“√”给短文中加点字选择正确的读音。

（2）这篇短文共有个自然段。

（3）在短文中找出下列词语的反义词。

谦（qiān）虚困难安全确定（4）根据短文内容填空并回答问题。

猫总是百般掩盖自己的过失：它去抓老鼠，却让老鼠跑了；它捉鱼，却；它掉进泥坑，却说是在治跳蚤；它。

四年级上册期末课内阅读理解专项训练（二）（一）《走月亮》片段啊，我和阿妈走月亮……有时，阿妈给我讲月亮的故事，讲古老的传说；有时，却什么也不讲，只是静静的走着，走着。

阿妈温暖的手拉着我，我嗅得见阿妈身上的气息。

走过月光闪闪的溪岸，走过石拱桥；走过月影团团的果园，走过庄稼地和菜地……啊，在我仰起脸看阿妈的时候，我突然看见，美丽的月亮牵着那些闪闪烁烁的小星星，好像也在天上走着，走着……多美的夜晚啊，我和阿妈走月亮！1.在括号里填写合适的词。

（）（）的月亮的夜晚（）（）2.联系课文内容写出你对“走月亮”的理解。

3.文中明明是“我和阿妈走月亮”，为什么作者写“我突然看见，美丽的月亮牵着那些闪闪烁烁的小星星，好像也在天上走着，走着……”？4.写出你对文章最后一句话的理解。

（二）《爬山虎的脚》片段爬山虎刚长出来的叶子是嫩红的，不几天叶子长大，就变成嫩绿的。

爬山虎的嫩叶，不大引人注意，引人注意的是长大了的叶子。

那些叶子绿得那么新鲜，看着非常舒服。

叶尖一顺儿朝下，在墙上铺得那么均匀，没有重叠起来的，也不留一点儿空隙。

一阵风拂过，一墙的叶子就漾起波纹，好看得很。

以前，我只知道这种植物叫爬山虎，可不知道它怎么能爬。

今年，我注意了，原来爬山虎是有脚的。

爬山虎的脚长在茎上。

茎上长叶柄的地方，反面伸出枝状的六七根细丝，每根细丝像蜗牛的触角。

细丝跟新叶子一样，也是嫩红的。

这就是爬山虎的脚。

1.给下面句子中的“一”选择正确的答案。

A．数量一 B．一律，没有例外 C.满、全 D表示最少（1）叶尖一顺儿朝下（）（2）不留一点儿空隙（）（3）一阵风拂过（）（4）一墙的叶子就漾起波纹（）2.这篇文章的作者是（）。

3.作者通过（），发现了爬山虎的脚生长的（）、（）和（）。

流露出作者（）的之情。

4.如果划线的句子去掉“漾起波纹”，好不好？（三）《精卫填海》炎帝．（）之少．（）女，名曰．（）女娃。

女娃游于东海，溺．（）而不返．（），故为卫精，常衔．（）西山之木石，以堙．（）于东海。

专项训练卷二图形与几何时间：90分钟满分：100分一、填空题。

（28分）1. 圆心用字母（）表示，半径用字母（）表示，直径用字母（）表示。

2. 一个圆的半径是2厘米，这个圆的周长是（）厘米，面积是（）平方厘米。

3. 用一根长6.28m的绳子围成一个圆，这个圆的半径是（）m，面积是（）m2。

4. 圆周率是（）除以（）的商。

在对圆的研究作出杰出贡献的中国古代科学家中，（）最早算出π的值在3.1415926至3.1415927之间。

5. 在一张长9厘米、宽6厘米的长方形纸上画一个尽可能大的圆，则圆规两脚间的距离不能超过（）厘米。

6. 用圆规画圆，圆规两脚之间的距离是5厘米，画出的圆的直径是（）厘米，周长是（）厘米，面积是（）平方厘米。

7. 一个直径是4厘米的半圆形零件，它的周长是（）厘米，面积是（）平方厘米。

8. 将一块边长是4dm的正方形铁皮剪成一个最大的圆，这个圆的周长是（）dm，剩余的面积是（）dm2。

9. 大小两个圆的周长比是5∶3，则两圆的半径比是（），面积比是（）。

10. 晴朗的日子里，从太阳出来到中午，树的影子越来越（）。

（填“长”或者“短”）11. 从（）面和（）面看是完全相同的图形。

12. 从不同角度观察一个放在桌面上的长方体木块，最多可以看到（）个面。

13. 一口钟的分针长5厘米。

从早晨6时起到8时止，分针的尖端走过了（）厘米，分针一共扫过的面积有（）平方厘米。

14. 跑道最内圈的弯道半径为35m，跑道的直道部分长为100m，则最内圈的跑道长约为（）米。

15. 用一根铁丝围成一个正方形，边长是4.71m，如果用这根铁丝围成一个圆，面积是（）m2。

二、选择题。

（10分）1. 有两个大小不同的同心圆，大圆半径是3cm，小圆半径是2cm，则圆环的宽是（）cm。

A. 5B. 6C. 1D. 22. 一个圆的半径扩大2倍，那么面积（）。

A. 扩大2倍B. 扩大4倍C. 不变D. 扩大8倍3. 周长相等的圆、长方形和正方形，它们的面积比较（）。

2024年江西省景德镇市小升初数学严选思维应用题专项训练卷二(含答案及精讲)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、思维应用题(50题，每题2分)1.A、B两地相距780千米，甲、乙两列火车分别从A、B两地相对开出，6.5小时相遇，已知甲车每小时行62.8千米，乙车每小时行多少千米？（列方程解）2.小华全家利用节假日乘汽车去森林公园，全程168千米，他们在14：00到达目的地．已知汽车每小时行驶56千米，他们中途吃饭用去了半小时，小华全家是什么时间出发的？3.期末王芳的语文、数学、外语3科的平均成绩是95分，其中语文、数学两科的平均成绩是93分，王芳外语得多少分？4.两辆汽车同时从A、B两地出发，相向而行，3小时相遇．已知甲车每小时行80千米，乙车每小时行90千米，A、B两地相距多少千米？5.文具商店运来蓝墨水212瓶，它比运来的红墨水的3倍多5瓶．运来红墨水多少瓶？（用方程解）6.化肥厂第一车间8小时可生产化肥34吨，照这样计算，要再生产127.5吨化肥，共需要多少小时？7.妈妈的体重54千克．小明的体重36千克．小明出生时才3千克！（1）现在妈妈和小明的体重一共多少千克？（2）小明比刚出生时体重增加多少千克？（3）你还能提出什么问题？8.某商店老板将一件进价为800元的商品先提价60%，再打8折卖出，则卖出这件商品所获得的利润为多少元．9.五年级两个班为希望工程捐款，1班42人共捐168元，2班45人共捐180元，平均每人捐款多少元?10.东方纺织厂第一车间去年有工人250人，今年男工数增加3.2%，女工数减少14人，今年第一车间有工人240人．去年第一车间有男工多少人？11.一块三角形地，底边长280米，高50米，共收油菜子3542千克，平均每顷产油菜子多少千克？12.甲地到乙地的铁路长2313千米，两列火车同时从两地相对开出，从甲地开出的火车每小时行96千米，从乙地开出的火车每小时行112千米，这辆车还相距129千米时火车已开出多少小时？13.一桶油连桶共重200千克，卖出一半，连桶共重105千克．这桶油重多少千克？14.某建筑工地上有河沙260吨，水泥300吨．小红说“河沙比水泥的5/6多10吨”．丽丽说“河沙比水泥的9/10少10吨”．你认为谁说得对？15.六年级有学生250人，相当于五年级人数的5/7，五、六年级一共有多少人？16.工厂上月计划生产机床6500台，实际超额4/50，工厂上月实际生产机床多少台？17.同学们去春游，3小时行驶60千米，照这样的速度又行驶了2小时，他们一共行驶了多少千米？18.六年级有学生132人，其中男学生是女学生人数的5/6．六年级男、女学生各有多少人？19.蚂蚁有6条腿，蜘蛛有8条腿．实验室这两种昆虫有24只，它们一共有162条腿．蚂蚁和蜘蛛各有多少只？20.王老师要向全年级同学们通知一件事，假定用电.话通知，每打电.话通知1人用1分钟，第一分钟王老师通知了A同学，第二分钟王老师通知B，A同学通知C，第三分钟王老师通知D，A同学通知E，B同学通知F，C同学通知G，依此类推．全年级共有127名同学，需要多少分钟通知完？21.“十一期间”，几名游客合租一辆车去东湖游玩，每人需分摊16元，出发时，又有2人加入，结果每人少分摊4元，原来有几名游客去东湖游玩．22.在植树节那天，一班41人，共种树530棵，二班43人，共种树562棵，两个班平均每人种树多少棵？23.一块长方形试验田，长200米，宽60米，现在长增加300米，宽增加50米，这块试验田现在的面积有多少平方米？24.王老师为学生买13本字典，每本20元．各店不同的促销方法：知行书店：九折优惠；满意书店：买四送一（不够四本的，按原价计算）到那家书店买更划算呢？25.20名工人师傅在全长120米的公路两边竖电线杆，每隔8米竖一根（两端都竖）．这些工人师傅一共要竖多少根电线杆．26.甲、乙两城相距750千米．一辆汽车以每小时50千米的速度从甲城开往乙城，几小时后可以到达？27.停车场里有轿车和六轮卡车共25辆,一共有116个轮子,轿车和六轮卡车各有多少辆?28.妈妈买4千克鱼与3千克虾共用钱59元，爸爸又买7千克鱼与3千克虾共用钱74元．那么，鱼每千克多少元，虾每千克多少元？29.王老师给小朋友分苹果和桔子，苹果数是桔子数的2倍．桔子每人分3个，多4个；苹果每人分7个，少5个．则有几个小朋友，多少个苹果．30.一辆列车以每小时260千米的速度从甲城开往乙城，甲、乙两城的距离是3120千米，经过提速后比原来缩短了两小时到达．提速后速度是多少？31.植树节那天学校组织六年级学生共植树300棵，成活了291棵，成活率是多少？32.两辆汽车从A、B两地同时相对开出，甲车每小时行80千米，乙车每小时行90千米，两车在离中点20千米处相遇．求A、B两地的距离是多少千米？33.甲乙两辆汽车同时从甲乙两地相向而行，甲车行到全程的2/5的地方与乙车相遇，甲车每小时行40km，乙车行全程用8h，求甲乙两地相距多少千米？34.昆明至安宁一段长7312米的道路需要维修．已经修了8天，还剩456米没修，平均每天修多少米？35.甲、乙两辆汽车同时从相距540千米的东、西两地出发，相向而行．甲车每小时行60千米，乙车每小时行40千米．①出发后多长时间两车相遇？②相遇后继续行驶，分别到达对方的出发地，甲、乙两车又各用了多少小时？③相遇后继续行驶，分别到达对方的出发地，乙车比甲车多用了多少小时？④相遇时，甲车所行的路程是乙车所行路程的几倍？36.饲养场养兔135只，养羊的只数是兔的2倍，养鸡的只数是羊的6倍，养鸡多少只？37.李强有5元和10元的人民币共10张，共60元，5元和10元的人民币各多少张？38.甲、乙两辆客车同时从北京出发，沿京沪高速公路向上海驶去．甲车平均每小时行110千米，乙车平均每小时行90千米．经过4小时，甲车比乙车多行多少千米？39.甲数除以乙数商68，余数是2．甲、乙两数的和是278，甲数是多少？40.希望小学组织同学们捐书，平均每班捐98本，35个班一共捐了多少本书？41.师徒两人合作2小时，共生产零件120个；如果分别工作5小时，师傅比徒弟多生产零件30个．师徒两人每小时各生产零件多少个？42.一辆汽车上午10：00从甲地开往乙地，一直匀速前进，至中午12：30时距离乙地380千米，至下午3：30时距离乙地185千米．甲、乙两地相距多少千米？43.妈妈在超市买了一瓶食用油，每瓶单价59.8元，又买了两袋米，每袋38.5元，妈妈带了150元，买米和油够吗？44.师徒两人加工一批零件，徒弟先加工310个，然后师傅、徒弟共同加工，完成任务时，师傅加工的零件比这批任务的4/7少140个，已知师徒效率的比是2：1，这批零件有多少个？45.一块正方形草地，边长18米．扩建时，一组对边的长度不变，另一组对边的长度增加了6米．扩建后，面积增加了多少平方米．46.师徒两人生产一批零件．师傅生产了60个，有3个不合格．徒弟生产的零件有42个合格，8个不合格．这批零件的合格率是多少？47.师徒两人加工一种零件，已知师傅每小时比徒弟多加工6个，师傅加工90个的时间与徒弟加工60个的时间相等．问师傅和徒弟每小时各加工多少个？48.在一幅比例尺是1：20000000的地图上，量得甲乙两地机场相距6厘米，一架客机以每小时400千米的速度从甲地机场飞往乙地机场，需要飞行多少小时？49.甲乙两车同时从相距589千米的两地相向而行．甲车每小时行60千米，乙车每小时行64千米，两车行了几个小时，还相距93千米；再继续行几个小时，又相距93千米．50.甲、乙两地相距678千米，一辆客车从甲城开往乙城，每小时行52千米，3小时后，一辆货车从乙城开往甲城，每小时64千米．货车开出几小时后和客车相遇？参考答案1.分析：设乙车每小时行x千米，根据等量关系式：（甲的速度+乙的速度）×时间=A、B两地相距780千米，列方程解答即可．解答：解：设乙车每小时行x千米，（x+62.8）×6.5=780 x+62.8=120 x=57.2 答：乙车每小时行57.2千米．点评：本题考查了“速度和×相遇时间=路程”这一的关系式的灵活应用，列方程解应用题关键是根据题意列出已知条件和未知条件之间的等量关系式．2.分析：先求出小华全家乘汽车去森林公园所用的时间，然后根据到达目的地的时间以及中途吃饭用去的时间，即可求出问题的答案．解答：解：168÷56=3（小时），3-0.5=2.5（小时），即2：30，14：00-2：30=11：30；答：小华全家是11：30出发的．点评：此题考查了行程问题，以及时间的推算．3.考点：平均数的含义及求平均数的方法专题：平均数问题分析：根据“平均分×科目数=总分”分别计算出语文、数学、外语三科成绩之和和语文、数学两科成绩之和，用三科成绩减去两科成绩即可计算出外语成绩．解答：解：95×3-93×2 =285-186 =99（分）．答：王芳外语得99分．点评：解题关键是灵活运用平均数计算公式计算出三科和两科总分．4.解答解：（80+90）×3 =170×3 =510（千米）答：AB两地相距510千米．5.考点：列方程解应用题（两步需要逆思考）专题：列方程解应用题分析：根据题意，数量间的相等关系为：运来红墨水的瓶数×3+5=蓝墨水的瓶数，设商店运来红墨水x瓶，列方程解答即可．解答：解：设商店运来红墨水x瓶，则：3x+5=212 3x=207 x=69 答：运来红墨水69瓶．点评：本题考查了列方程解应用题．解答此题容易找出基本数量关系：运来红墨水的瓶数×3+5=蓝墨水的瓶数，由此列方程解决问题．6.分析：根据“工作总量÷工作时间=工作效率”先计算出工作效率，进而根据“工作总量÷工作效率=工作时间”计算出后来的时间，然后把前后用的时间相加即可．解答：解：127.5÷（34÷8）+8，=30+8，=38（时）；答：共需要38小时．点评：解答此题应结合题意，根据工作效率、工作时间和工作总量之间的关系，进行解答即可．7.考点：整数、小数复合应用题,“提问题”、“填条件”应用题专题：简单应用题和一般复合应用题分析：（1）现在妈妈和小明的体重相加即可求解；（2）小明现在体重-刚出生时体重，即可得出增加多少千克；（3）答案不唯一，只要合理即可．解答：解：（1）54+36=90（千克）答：现在妈妈和小明的体重一共90千克．（2）36-3=33（千克）答：小明比刚出生时体重增加33千克．（3）现在妈妈比小明的体重重多少千克？54-36=18（千克）．答：现在妈妈比小明的体重重18千克．点评：考查了整数的加减法的实际应用，以及“提问题”应用题，关键是根据题意列出算式计算求解．8.分析：首先求得提价60%后的价格，然后求得打8折后的售价，最后减去进价800元，即可求得这件商品所获得的利润．解答：解：进价为800元的商品先提价60%后的价格是：800（1+60%）=1280元，打8折后的售价是：1280×0.8=1024元，则利润是：1024-800=224元．点评：本题考查了列代数式，正确理解提价60%，打8折的含义是关键．9.答案：4元10.答案：解析：125人11.分析：菜地的底和高已知，利用三角形的面积公式先求出菜地的面积，再用油菜籽的总量除以菜地的面积，就是平均每公顷收获油菜籽的重量．解答：解：280×50÷2，=14000÷2，=7000（平方米），=0.7（公顷）；3542÷0.7=5060（千克）；答：平均每公顷收获油菜籽5060千克．点评：解答此题的关键是：先求出菜地的面积，进而求得每公顷收获油菜籽的重量，计算时要注意单位的换算．12.分析首先用两地之间的距离减去这两辆车还相距的路程，求出两车已经行驶的路程之和；然后根据路程÷速度=时间，用两辆车行驶的路程之和除以两车的速度之和，求出这两辆车还相距129千米时火车已开出多少小时即可．解答解：（2313-129）÷（96+112）=2184÷208 =10.5（小时）答：这两辆车还相距129千米时火车已开出10.5小时．点评此题主要考查了行程问题中速度、时间和路程的关系：速度×时间=路程，路程÷时间=速度，路程÷速度=时间，要熟练掌握．13.答案：190千克14.分析把水泥的吨数看作单位“1”，用水泥的吨数乘以5/6再加10吨，再与河沙260吨比较，即可判断小红说的对错；同理，用水泥的吨数乘以9/10减10吨，与河沙260吨比较，即可判断丽丽说的对错．解答：300×5/6+10 =250+10 =260（吨）300×9/10-10 =270-10 =260（吨）所以小红和丽丽说的都对．点评本题考查了分数四则复合应用题，要分别根据小红和丽丽的说法计算出河沙的吨数，再判断即可．本题解答的依据是：求一个数的几分之几是多少，用乘法计算．15.考点：分数除法应用题专题：分数百分数应用题分析：六年级有学生250人，相当于五年级人数的5/7，根据分数除法的意义，五年级有250÷5/7人，则将五六年级人数相加即得五六年级共有多少人．解答：解：250+250÷5/7 =250+350 =600（人）答：五六年级共有600人．点评：已知一个数的几分之几是多少，求这个数，用除法．16.考点：分数除法应用题专题：分数百分数应用题分析：工厂上月计划生产机床6500台，实际超额4/50，将计划生产台数当作单位“1”，根据分数加法的意义，实际生产台数是计划的1+4/50，根据分数乘法的意义，求一个数的几分之几是多少，用乘法．则实际生产台数是6500×（1+4/50）台．解答：解：6500×（1+4/50）=6500×54/50 =7020（台）答：上月实际生产机床7020台．点评：首先根据分数加法的意义求出实际生产台数占计划台数的分率是完成本题的关键．17.答案：100千米解析：60÷3＝20(千米) 20×(3＋2)＝100(千米)18.分析：把女生人数看作单位“1”，由题意可知：女生人数的（1+5/6）是132人，根据已知一个数的几分之几是多少，求这个数，用除法求出女生人数，进而求出男生人数．解答：解：女生人数：132÷（1+5/6），=132÷11/6，=72（人）；男生人数：72×5/6=60（人）；答：六年级男生有60人，女学生有72人．点评：判断出单位“1”，根据已知一个数的几分之几是多少，求这个数，用除法求出女生人数，是解答此题的关键．19.分析假设全是蚂蚁，那么一共有腿6×24=144条，少了162-144=18条，是因为每只蚂蚁比蜘蛛少了8-6=2条，用少的总条数除以每只少的条数，就是蜘蛛的只数，进而求出蚂蚁的只数．解答解：假设全是蚂蚁，则蜘蛛有：（162-6×24）÷（8-6）=18÷2 =9（只）蚂蚁有：24-9=15（只）答：蚂蚁有15只，蜘蛛有9只．点评此题属于典型的鸡兔同笼问题，解答此类题的关键是用假设设法进行分析比较，进而得出结论；也可以用方程，设其中的一个数为未知数，另一个数也用未知数表示，列出方程解答即可．20.分析：由题意可知，第一分钟通知了A即1人，第二分钟通知了老师通知了A、B2人，第三分钟第三分钟王老师通知D，A同学通知E，B同学通知F，C同学通知G，即通知了4人，由此可以发现，每次通知的人数都是前一次的2倍，据此规律解答即可．解答：解：通过题意可知，第一分钟通知1人，第二分钟通知2人，第三分钟通知4 人，… 即每次通知的人数都是前一次的2倍，由于1+2+4+8+16+32+64=127；所以需要7分钟通知完成．点评：通过分析前三分钟通知的方式及人数得出每分钟通知人数的规律是完成本题的关键．21.分析原来每人分摊16元，后来每人少分摊了4元，也就是后来每人分摊16-4=12元，增加的2人一共分摊了12×2=24元，也就是原来的人数一共少分摊了24元，用少分摊的总钱数钱数除以每人少分摊的4元，就是原来的人数．解答解：（16-4）×2 =12×2 =24（元）24÷4=6（人）答：原来有6名游客去东湖游玩．点评解决本题关键是明确，增加2人分摊的钱数，就是原来的人数分摊的总钱数，进而根据数量=总价÷单价求解．22.分析：先求出两个班种树的总棵数，再求出两个班的总人数，用总棵数除以总人数，就是要求的答案．解答：解：（530+562）÷（41+43），=1092÷84，=13（棵）；答：两个班平均每人种树13棵．点评：此题主要考查了平均数的计算方法，即用总数除以总份数，就是每份是多少．23.解：（200+300）×（60+50）=500×110 =55000（平方米）答：这块试验田现在的面积有55000平方米．24.分析：已知王老师为学生买13本字典，每本20元：如到知行书店：九折优惠，即按原价的90%出售，需花：20×13×90%=234（元）；如到满意书店：买四送一（不够四本的，按原价计算）．13÷（4+1）=2本…3本，即可获送2本，需要再购买13-2=11本，需花：11×20=220元．220元＜234元，即到满意书店更划算．解答：解：知行书店需花：20×13×90%=234（元）；满意书店需花：13÷（4+1）=13÷5，=2本…3本，（13-2）×20 =11×20，=220（元）．220元＜234元．答：到满意书店更划算．点评：根据需要购买的数量及两家商店不同的优惠方案分别进行分析计算是完成本题的关键．25.分析：每边的间隔数为：120÷8=15个，由于两端都竖，所以电线杆的根数是：15+1=16（根），那么公路两边竖电线杆的根数是：16×2=32（根），据此解答．解答：解：（120÷8+1）×2，=16×2，=32（根）；答：这些工人师傅一共要竖32根电线杆．点评：本题考查了植树问题，用到的知识点是：植树棵数=间隔数+1（两端都栽的情况下）．26.分析：两城相距750千米．一辆汽车以每小时50千米的速度从甲城开往乙城，根据除法的意义，用全程除以每小时所行路程即得几小时后可以到达．解答：解：750÷50=15（小时）答：15小时后可以到达．点评：本题体现了行程问题基本关系式：路程÷速度=时间．27.【答案】轿车17辆卡车8辆【解析】解决此题用假设法,假设全是轿车,那么应该有25×4=100(个)轮子,比实际轮子数量少116-100=16(个),一辆轿车比一辆六轮卡车少6-4=2(个)轮子,这样的话要补足这16个轮子需要把其中的16÷2=8(辆)轿车变成六轮卡车,所以六轮卡车有8辆,轿车有25-8=17(辆)。

专项训练二 一元二次方程一、选择题1.下列方程中，关于x 的一元二次方程是（ ）A.3（x ＋1）2＝2（x ＋1）B.1x 2＋1x－2＝0 C.ax 2＋bx ＋c ＝0 D.x 2＋2x ＝x 2－12.（2016·邵阳中考）一元二次方程2x 2－3x ＋1＝0的根的情况是（ ）A.有两个相等的实数根B.有两个不相等的实数根C.只有一个实数根D.没有实数根3.（2016·金华中考）一元二次方程x 2－3x －2＝0的两根为x 1，x 2，则下列结论正确的是（ ）A.x 1＝－1，x 2＝2B.x 1＝1，x 2＝－2C.x 1＋x 2＝3D.x 1x 2＝24.用配方法解下列方程时，配方有错误的是（ ）A.x 2－2x －99＝0化为（x －1）2＝100B.x 2＋8x ＋9＝0化为（x ＋4）2＝25C.2t 2－7t －4＝0化为⎝⎛⎭⎫t －742＝8116D.3y 2－4y －2＝0化为⎝⎛⎭⎫y －232＝1095.已知m 是方程x 2－x －1＝0的一个根，则代数式m 2－m 的值等于（ ）A.－1B.0C.1D.26.（2016·衡阳中考）随着居民经济收入的不断提高以及汽车业的快速发展，家用汽车已越来越多地进入普通家庭，抽样调查显示，截至2015年底某市汽车拥有量为16.9万辆.已知2013年底该市汽车拥有量为10万辆，设2013年底至2015年底该市汽车拥有量的年平均增长率为x ，根据题意列方程得（ ）A.10（1＋x ）2＝16.9B.10（1＋2x ）＝16.9C.10（1－x ）2＝16.9D.10（1－2x ）＝16.97.已知关于x 的一元二次方程x 2＋mx ＋n ＝0的两个实数根分别为x 1＝－2，x 2＝4，则m ＋n 的值是（ ）A.－10B.10C.－6D.28.★方程（m －2）x 2－3－mx ＋14＝0有两个实数根，则m 的取值范围是（ ） A.m >52 B.m ≤52且m ≠2 C.m ≥3 D.m ≤3且m ≠2二、填空题9.若一元二次方程ax 2＋bx ＋c ＝0（a ≠0）有一个根为1，则a ＋b ＋c ＝ ；若有一个根为－1，则b 与a ，c 之间的关系为 .10.（2016·长沙中考）若关于x的一元二次方程x2－4x－m＝0有两个不相等的实数根，则实数m的取值范围是.11.（2016·泰州中考）方程2x－4＝0的解也是关于x的方程x2＋mx＋2＝0的一个解，则m的值为.12.（2016·遵义中考）已知x1，x2是一元二次方程x2－2x－1＝0的两根，则1x1＋1x2＝.13.关于x的方程x2＋2（k＋2）x＋k2＝0的两个实数根之和大于－4，则k的取值范围是.14.新世纪百货大楼“宝乐”牌童装平均每天可售出20件，每件盈利40元.为了迎接“六一”儿童节，商场决定采取适当的降价措施.经调查，如果每件童装降价1元，那么平均每天就可多售出2件.要想平均每天销售这种童装盈利1200元，则每件童装应降价多少元？设每件童装应降价x元，则可列方程为.15.关于x的方程mx2＋x－m＋1＝0，有以下三个结论：①当m＝0时，方程只有一个实数解；②当m≠0时，方程有两个不等的实数解；③无论m取何值，方程都有一个负数解.其中正确的是（填序号）.16.★如果m，n是两个不相等的实数，且满足m2－m＝3，n2－n＝3，那么代数式2n2－mn＋2m＋2015＝.三、解答题17.解方程：（1）x2－2x＝2x＋1；（2）3x（x－2）＝2（2－x）；（3）2x2＋3＝7x；（4）x（3x－4）＝5－8x.18.（2016·岳阳中考）已知关于x的方程x2－（2m＋1）x＋m（m＋1）＝0.（1）求证：方程总有两个不相等的实数根；（2）已知方程的一个根为x＝0，求代数式（2m－1）2＋（3＋m）（3－m）＋7m－5的值（要求先化简再求值）.19.（2016·济宁中考）某地2014年为做好“精准扶贫”，授入资金1280万元用于异地安置，并规划投入资金逐年增加，2016年在2014年的基础上增加投入资金1600万元.（1）从2014年到2016年，该地投入异地安置资金的年平均增长率为多少？（2）在2016年异地安置的具体实施中，该地计划投入资金不低于500万元用于优先搬迁租房奖励，规定前1000户（含第1000户）每户每天奖励8元，1000户以后每户每天补助5元，按租房400天计算，试求今年该地至少有多少户享受到优先搬迁租房奖励.20.★已知关于x的方程x2－（3k＋1）x＋2k2＋2k＝0.（1）求证：无论k取何值，方程总有实数根；（2）若等腰三角形ABC的一边长a＝6，另两边b，c恰好是这个方程的两个根，求此三角形的三边长.参考答案与解析1．A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A8．B 解析：因为方程有两个实数根，所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m －2≠0，（3－m ）2－4×14（m －2）≥0，解得m ≤52且m ≠2.故选B. 9．0 b ＝a ＋c 10.m ＞－4 11.－3 12.－213．－1≤k ＜0 14.(40－x )(20＋2x )＝120015．①③ 解析：当m ＝0时，x ＝－1，故①正确；当m ≠0时，Δ＝4m 2－4m ＋1＝(2m－1)2≥0，当m ＝12时，方程有两个相等的实数解，故②错误；③当m ＝0时，方程的解为x ＝－1.当m ≠0时，若x 1＋x 2＝－1m<0，则两解中必有一个负数解，满足题意；若x 1＋x 2＝－1m >0，则1m <0，x 1·x 2＝－1＋1m<0，也必有负数解，所以③正确． 16．2026 解析：如果m ，n 是两个不相等的实数，且满足m 2－m ＝3，n 2－n ＝3，则m ，n 是关于x 的一元二次方程x 2－x ＝3的两根，∴m ＋n ＝1，mn ＝－3.∵n 2－n ＝3，∴2n 2－mn ＋2m ＋2015＝2(n ＋3)－mn ＋2m ＋2015＝2(m ＋n )－mn ＋2015＋6＝2026.17．解：(1)x 1＝2＋5，x 2＝2－5；(2)x 1＝2，x 2＝－23； (3)x 1＝3，x 2＝12； (4)x 1＝－2＋193，x 2＝－2－193. 18．(1)证明：∵Δ＝(2m ＋1)2－4m (m ＋1)＝1＞0，∴方程总有两个不相等的实数根；(2)解：∵x ＝0是此方程的一个根，∴把x ＝0代入方程中得到m (m ＋1)＝0，即m 2＋m ＝0.∵(2m －1)2＋(3＋m )(3－m )＋7m －5＝4m 2－4m ＋1＋9－m 2＋7m －5＝3m 2＋3m ＋5，∴原式＝3(m 2＋m )＋5＝3×0＋5＝5.19．解：(1)设该地从2014年到2016年投入异地安置资金的年平均增长率为x ，根据题意，得1280(1＋x )2＝1280＋1600，解得x ＝0.5或x ＝－2.5(舍去)．答：从2014年到2016年，该地投入异地安置资金的年平均增长率为50%；(2)设今年该地有a 户享受到优先搬迁租房奖励，根据题意，得1000×8×400＋(a －1000)×5×400≥5000000，解得a ≥1900.答：今年该地至少有1900户享受到优先搬迁租房奖励．20．(1)证明：因为Δ＝[－(3k ＋1)]2－4(2k 2＋2k )＝k 2－2k ＋1＝(k －1)2≥0，所以无论k 取何值，方程总有实数根；(2)解：若6为△ABC 的底边，则方程有两个相等实数根，即(k －1)2＝0，得k ＝1.原方程为x 2－4x ＋4＝0，解得x 1＝x 2＝2.因为2＋2＜6，不符合题意，故舍去；若6为△ABC 的腰，则6是原方程的一个根．把x ＝6代入方程，得k 2－8k ＋15＝0，解得k ＝3或k ＝5.当k ＝3时，原方程为x 2－10x ＋24＝0，解得x 1＝4，x 2＝6，所以三角形三边长为6，6，4；当k ＝5时，原方程为x 2－16x ＋60＝0，解得x 1＝10，x 2＝6.所以三角形三边长为6，6，10.综上所述，此三角形的三边长为6，6，4或6，6，10.。

忘记自己的人托尔斯泰在着( zhuó zháo)手写世界上最伟大的小说—《安娜·卡列尼娜》前，为了不让旁人干扰他的思绪，在自家的门外挂上一块字牌，上面写着“托尔斯泰不在家，请改日再来”。

有一天傍晚，托尔斯泰照例走出家门，边散步边构思他的作品。

(漫慢)步在乡间幽静的小路上，他的头脑中(竟尽)是各种各样的人物，上至沙皇、将军，下至士兵、农奴，当满天的星斗出现时，他才恍然大悟:天晚了，该回家了。

托尔斯泰一个转( zhuǎn zhuàn)身，赶紧往回走，可他的思绪如同汹涌的浪涛，一个劲儿地翻腾，他依然沉浸在他的作品里。

转眼间，他不知不觉地走到了他家门前。

“啪啪啪”，他轻轻地敲了几下门，没人来开。

“喂!有人吗?”托尔斯泰大声地嚷着，没有人答应。

这时的托尔斯泰，尽( jǐn jìn)管在叫门，心里却还在想他的作品，当托尔斯泰正要再次举手敲门时，门上那块醒目的字牌赫( chì hè)然出现。

这时，他才用心去瞧瞧:“托尔斯泰不在家，请改日再来。

”“噢!原来如此。

”托尔斯泰转身就走。

他走在那条十分熟悉的小道上，嘴里还自言自语地说:“托尔斯泰不在家，奇怪，他会上哪儿呢?”走了好长一段路□托尔斯泰突然(仰昂)天大笑□哈哈□哎□真糊涂□我不就是托尔斯泰吗□我怎么把自己也给忘了呢□1.用“√”选出括号里正确的字和读音。

2．根据下面的意思，在短文中找到相应的词语，并写下来。

（1）形容文字非常明显，容易看清。

（）（2）突然明白了。

（）3.从文中找出和下列词意思相近的词。

显眼( ) 喊( ) 打扰( ) 别人（）4.将第5自然段中所缺少的标点补上。

5.“我不就是托尔斯泰吗”意思是“我怎么把自己也给忘了呢”意思是6.托尔斯泰在自家的门外挂上一块字牌，字牌的内容，托尔斯泰这样做是因为。

所以他在自家的门外挂上了这样的一块字牌。

7.从文中哪些地方可以看出托尔斯泰忘记了自己?用”在文中画出来。

阅读理解专项训练试题二一、阅读理解1、Stress may be defined as the response of the body to any demand. Whenever people experience something pleasant or unpleasant, we say they are under stress. We call the pleasant kind eustress, the unpleasant kind distress.People sometimes compare our life with that of the caveman who didn't have to worry about the stock market or the atomic bomb. They forget that the caveman worried about being eaten by a bear or about dying of hunger—things that few people worry about today. It's not that people suffer more stress today; it's just that they think they do.It is inconceivable that anyone should have no stress at all. Most people who are ambitious and want to accomplish something live under stress. They need it. But excessive stress is by all means harmful. Worse, chronic exposure to stress over a long time may cause more serious diseases and may actually shorten your life.The most frequent causes of distress in men are psychological—lack of adaptability, not having a code ofbehaviour. So the secret of coping with stress is not to avoid it, but to do what you like to do and what you are made to do, at your own rate. For most people, it is really a matter of learning how to behave in various situations. The most important thing is to have a code of life, to know how to live The modern man is suffering（）A．more stress than the cavemanB．less stress than the cavemanC．different stress from the cavemanD．the same stress as the caveman2、According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true（）A．Everyone will suffer certain kinds of stress in his life B．Chronic exposure to stress may shorten your lifeC．Excessive stress is especially harmful to healthD．Most people can learn to avoid stress3、In the third sentence of the third paragraph, it refers to（）A．stressB．ambitious peopleC．somethingD．confidence4、According to the passage, one should（）A．try to avoid as much stress as possibleB．cope with stress in different waysC．learn to do things at his own rateD．have the response of the body to any demand5、To be a good manager, you must be careful to distinctly define the proper boundary between yourself and your staff. Here are some points to remember.Be clear about the relationship. To maintain the respect for your employees while being friends with them, you must be direct about the nature of your business relationship. This means being clear about what the goals are, how your employees are to help you reach them, and what they can expect from you. By communicating these things clearly, you avoid the risk that an employee can misinterpret your friendship and behave in an unprofessional manner.Be social—to a degree. In most offices, there's usually a lot of social networking, whether it's a Friday lunch or drinks after work. It's natural for managers to be a part of that. Just remember to socialize with everyone, be careful with alcohol, and don't be the last one at the party. Also, keep socializing at the office to a minimum. You want to ensure that you arerespected as well as liked.Don't fake it. Maybe you want to try to be friends with all your employees, because you think that would strengthen your team. While some management training courses stress that bosses should ask their staff about their personal lives, such as their weekend plans, their families, or their children, such efforts can backfireif the manager is viewed as not sincere. It's okay to ask occasional questions of staff, but don't make a big production out of it. Getting to know people takes timeTo prevent employees from behaving unprofessionally, managers should（）A．show respect for their employees'individual needsB．let them know about their future career developmentC．set short-term and long-term goals for their business D．make them clear about the nature of the business relationship6、According to Paragraph 3, managers are advised（）A．to create a friendly work environment for their staff B．to keep socializing with the employees to a degreeC．to avoid socializing with their employees after work D．to be the first person to a party or to a gathering7、The word backfire in the last paragraph most probably means（）A．strengthen the relationshipB．start a fire in the backyardC．produce an undesired resultD．improve management skills8、The passage is mainly about the importance of（）A．management training courses for employersB．the proper relationship between managers and staffC．setting business goals for both managers and staffD．being a part of social networking for a good manager 9、Sometimes you'll hear people say that you can't love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you'll hear people say that you can't expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you've got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we're the apple of our parents'eye, and that our grandmas think we are great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it's a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you built a positive self-image and learnt to love yourself.The self-image is your own mind's picture of yourself. Thisimage includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be, and thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don't allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can't move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you are silly because you aren't good at math, find a tutor. If you think you are weak because you can't run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you are dull because you don't wear the latest trend, buy a few new clothes.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long waytowards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you'll know you're well on your way You need to build a positive self-image when you（）A．dare to challenge yourselfB．feel it hard to change yourselfC．are unconfident about yourselfD．have a high opinion of yourself10、According to the passage, our self-images（）A．have positive effectsB．are probably untrueC．are often changeableD．have different functions11、What is the passage mainly about（）A．How to prepare for your successB．How to face challenges in your lifeC．How to build a positive self-imageD．How to develop your good qualities12、Who are the intended readers of the passage（）A．ParentsB．AdolescentsC．EducatorsD．People in general13、43.____（）14、44.____（）15、45.____（）16、46.____（）17、47.____（）18、48.____（）19、49.____（）20、50.____（）21、When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else seems blurry, so they need glasses. Many people who do a lot of work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become near-sighted. Then people who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are notexactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism （散光）. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts（白内障）. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.Having two good eyes is important for judging distance. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle. To prove this to yourself, look at an object out of one eye; then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object's relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes When things far away seem blurry, one is probably（）A．near-sightedB．far-sightedC．astigmaticD．suffering from cataracts22、People who suffer from astigmatism have（）A．one eye bigger than the other oneB．eyes that are not exactly the right shapeC．an eye difficulty that can be corrected by an operationD．an eye difficulty that cannot be corrected by glasses 23、Some eye problems can be corrected by glasses except （）A．astigmatismB．cataractsC．near-sightednessD．far-sightedness24、Having two eyes instead of one is particularly useful for （）A．seeing at nightB．seeing objects far awayC．looking over a wide areaD．judging distance25、Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technologies do most of the dangerous mining work.Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuingtrapped miners—the special operations of the mining industry. One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers（激光器） to see in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It's a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle, it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fitjust like a real person.The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money has dried up, and it's not clear where the future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities（死亡） have declined by 67% and injuries by 51%, according to the National Mining Association.Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much ofthe same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs, but won't get rid of the need for human workersThe underlined phrase throws a fit in Paragraph 4 probably means （）A．gets angryB．gets sickC．becomes hungryD．becomes cheerful26、We can infer from the last paragraph that（）A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry B．there will be no need for human workers in minesC．the mining robots will have a very bright futureD．robots in mines only do some simple jobs now27、We can infer from the passage that（）A．the mining robots do most of the mining work at present B．Groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases C．experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous workD．robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas28、What can be the best title for the passage（）A．Mining Accidents in AmericaB．Robots in MinesC．Cave Crawler, the Latest RobotD．The Future of Robots29、Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious lifelong consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data from many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5% to 10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25% to 50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse （sometimes referred to as psychological abuse）.Every year, there are about 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimatesthe true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and familiesand can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when we attempt to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, cryingpersistently or having abnormal physical featuresThe word underestimates in Paragraph 3 means（）A．exaggeratesB．points outC．assumesD．miscalculates30、Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPT（）A．stressB．suicideC．heart diseaseD．poor memory31、How many aspects are included in the economic consequences due to child maltreatment（）A．Costs of hospitalization and mental health treatment B．Child welfare and longer-term health costsC．Tuition feesD．Both A and B32、Children are more likely to be maltreated if they（） A．cry a lotB．are not good-lookingC．are over 4 years oldD．are quiet33、43.____（）34、44.____（）35、45.____（）36、46.____（）37、47.____（）38、48.____（）39、49.____（）40、50.____（）41、After a day's hard work, we need some sleep. During the sleep, the fatigue of the body disappears and recuperation （恢复） begins. The tired mind gathers new energy, and the memory improves.Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four hours. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily, the amount gradually diminishing as they grow older. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive working under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people havelittle sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night. Whatever your individual need is, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine: a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a rule you need to follow in order to rest comfortably. Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours—nearly five days. Whatever the limit is, it is absolute. Animals that kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a weekBy writing this passage, the writer intends to tell us that （）A．sleep is important for good healthB．a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleepC．memory is improved during sleepD．sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings42、From the amount of sleep Napoleon, Edison, and Darwin required, we can conclude（）A．that they were famousB．that they were executivesC．that they were intelligentD．none of the above43、The amount of sleep required may（）A．tire an individual's mindB．help infants grow olderC．apply pressure to an executiveD．depend on an individual's age44、The author implies that if human beings are kept awake for more than a week the result（）A．is hard to imagineB．will probably be a mental breakdownC．is difficult to describeD．will probably be death45、A Language Programme for TeenagersWelcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.Our CoursesRegardless of your choice of courses, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all4 skill areas—speaking, listening, reading and writing. Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning （see the table below）.EvaluationStudents are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students can take the exam on the first Monday of their course.Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.Arrival and TransferOur programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the students'full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.Meals/Allergies/Special Dietary RequirementsStudents are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch（which consists of a sandwich, a drinkand a dessert）. Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicine you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special foodHow does the Intensive Course differ from the Standard Course （）A．It is less effectiveB．It focuses on speakingC．It includes extra lessonsD．It gives you confidence46、When can a student attend the Standard Course（）A．During 13:00~14:30 on MondayB．During 9:00~12:30 on TuesdayC．During 13:00~14:30 on FridayD．During 9:00~12:30 on Saturday47、Before starting their programme, students are expected to（）A．take a language testB．have an online interviewC．prepare learning materialsD．report their language levels48、Which of the following may require an extra payment（） A．Cooked dinnerB．Mealtime dessertC．Packed lunchD．Special diet49、In the reception hall of the British Royal Academy of Dance, the statues of four outstanding female dancers are displayed. The stone sculpture of Dai Ailian is one of them.Dai Ailian was born in Trinidad, an independent republic in the West Indies, in 1916, with her forefathers living abroad for many years. In 1930, she went to London to study dance. Many famous dancers such as Anton Dolin, Rudolf Laban and Mary Wigman were her teachers. Though ballet and modern dance were not well connected at that time, Dai Ailian learned both of them. This is of great significance for her later development.Dai Ailian returned to her homeland in 1939 after the Anti-Japanese War broke out. She gave benefit performances in Hong Kong and on the mainland. Major programs such as Homesick Melody, Selling, Wheat Gleaning Girl and Story of the Guerrill all showed sympathy for the poor and concern over the nation's fate.Dai Ailian's art career entered a golden period after the founding of the People's Republic of China. She became the first president of the National Dance Troupe, the first headmistress of the Beijing Dancing School and the director and advisor of the Central Ballet Troupe. Her representative works were group dances called Lotus and Flying Apsaras presented in Berlin and Warsaw in 1953 and 1955 and won her awards.Dai Ailian always says, Ballet is my work while folk dance is my greatest pleasure. Her love for Chinese dance led to her efforts. Meanwhile, she introduced the essence of Western dance to China. For this reason, she was regarded as a qualified person to link up Chinese and Western dance culturesWhy is the stone sculpture of Dai Ailian displayed in the hall of the British Royal Academy of Dance（）A．Because of her noticeable contributionsB．Because she was good at sculptureC．Because she studied in the British Royal Academy of Dance D．Because of her love for her motherland50、What is very important to her later development（）A．The fact that many famous dancers were her teachersB．Learning both ballet and modern danceC．Her experience of living abroadD．Her education in London51、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage（）A．During the Anti-Japanese War she sold her storiesB．At the age of 23, she returned to China to give benefit performancesC．After the founding of the People's Republic of China she stopped dancingD．She was the first headmistress of the China Dance School 52、Which was her representative work after the founding of the PRC（）A．Flying ApsarasB．Homesick MelodyC．Wheat Gleaning GirlD．Selling53、43.____（）54、44.____（）55、45.____（）56、46.____（）57、47.____（）58、48.____（）59、49.____（）60、50.____（）61、43.____（）62、44.____（）63、45.____（）64、46.____（）65、47.____（）66、48.____（）67、49.____（）68、50.____（）参考答案：【一、阅读理解】1~5CDACD6~10BCBCB11~68点击下载查看答案。

小升初数学知识数与代数专项训练（二）一、选择题。

1．两个数的最小公倍数是45的是（）。

A．15和30 B．45和90 C．9和152．某商店一周内的盈亏情况如下表：这个商店这周内总情况是（）A．盈利 B．亏损 C．不盈不亏3．0.5和0.6之间有（）小数。

A．0个 B．1个 C．无数个4．要使35×□2的积是四位数，□里最小应填（）A．2 B．3 C．45．一个除法算式，如果除数是11，余数最大可能是（）A．10B．11C．126．6.4×101=6.4×100+6.4是运用了（）。

A．乘法交换律 B．乘法结合律 C．乘法分配律7．计量液体，如药水、汽油、酱油等，用（）作单位。

A．克或千克B．米或千米C．升或毫升8．1杯水重240克，10杯水重（）克。

A. 240B. 2400C. 24D. 109．商店把20千克软糖，36千克硬糖混合在一起平均装在8个袋子里，每袋装（）千克。

A. 5B. 6C. 8D. 710．下面排列正确的一组是（）A.1.5米＞0.15千米＞15厘米B.3.5元＞34角＞3元C.2.07吨＞2吨7千克＞21700千克11．长方形的面积一定，长和宽（）A．成正比例 B．成反比例 C．不成比例12．在汽车每次运货吨数，运货次数和运货的总吨数这三种量中，成正比例关系是（）A．汽车每次运货吨数一定，运货次数和运货总吨数．B．汽车运货次数一定，每次运货的吨数和运货总吨数．C．汽车运货总吨数一定，每次运货的吨数和运货的次数．13．（2011•罗江县模拟）一件工作，甲独做要小时完成，乙独做要小时完成，甲乙两人工作效率的最简整数比是（）A.5：6B.6：5C.D.二、填空题。

12．算式□÷□=13…14中的被除数最小是．3．北京市某天的平均气温是13℃，某时刻的气温比平均气温上升了2℃，记作+2℃，则﹣3℃表示．4．填上“＞”、“＜”或“=”。

73×2573×24 45×5454×45 18×6432×1842×2851×34 100×4050×80 26×100260×105．最大的两位数乘最小的两位数积是．两个因数都是5，它们的积是．6．妈妈将20000元现金存入银行，年利率是4.28%，三年后，妈妈可以得到元利息，可以从银行取回元钱。