U1--教师用书--现代大英（第二版）基础写作（上）Unit 1AnswersObjective One: SummaryActivity 1:Summary 1This is not a good summary.First, this 110-word summary is only 48 words shorter than the original, and is therefore too long for a summary. It includes too many unimportant details. For example, in the first paragraph, there is no need to mention what clothes the boy was wearing and how he held his father’s hand. The whole of the second paragraph could be cut out. The details could be replaced by a general remark describing the boy’s feelings when he was going to school for the first time.Summary 2It is a good summary. Here are the reasons.1) The writer grasps the essential facts of the passage:i. The boy was unwilling to go to school.ii. His father explains to him the purpose of school.iii. What his father said did not convince him.2) The length is about one-third of the original text.Summary 3The main problem with this summary is that the tone is not quite the same as in the original passage. The general tone of the passage is not one of hatred, but of doubt and fear. Also, it is not accurate to say that the boy didn’t believe his father at all. Rather, he was not sure about what his father said about the purpose of school. Second, it does not point out, in specific terms,the purpose of school, which is an important piece of information that shouldn’t have been generalized. Third, a summary writer shouldn’t interpret what a passage may imply, for example, to state explicitly that the boy thought the school was just like a prison.Activity 2:Passage 11.No, he wasn’t. The schoolyard was full of boys and girls.2.He told the boy to walk in by himself and be an example to other children.3.No, he didn’t.4.He felt lost.5.The other boy came over and talked to him. He learned that the boy’s father wasdead.6.Some children burst into tears.7.They were teachers.8.They made the children stand in lines.The facts-When they arrive at the school, the schoolyard was full of boys and girls.-The father told the son to be brave and go in by himself.-The boy knew none of the children and felt lost.-One of the boys came over and talked to him. He told the boy his father was dead.-When the gate was closed, some children burst into tears.-The teachers came and made the children stand in lines.Sample summaryWhen we got to the school my father told me to go in, and he said that I truly began life that day. I didn’t know any of theboys and girls in the school schoolyard. Then the gate was closed, and some children began to cry. When the bell rang, the teachers came along and made us stand in lines. (61 words)Passage 2The important facts-The woman teacher told the children to face life joyfully.-The children made friends.-The boy found life at school was rich and colorful. They played games and learned a lot of things.-But life at school was not all pleasant. The children fought and the teachers were severe.-The boy realized that in the years ahead they had to work very hard to be successful.Sample summaryI began to find life at school interesting. We made friends, played games and learned a lot of things. But at the same time we had to be observant and patient in class because the teacher was severe. The children sometimes fought. Above all, I realized that in the years to come we had to work very hard to be successful. (61 words)Writing Assignment 1Sample summaryThe day I started school, I was not happy. On our way, I asked my father why he had to send me to school. He said that school would turn me into a useful man. But I wasn’t convinced.When we got to the school my father told me that I truly began life that day. The schoolyard was full of children. When the gate was closed, some children began to cry. Then the bell rang, and the teachers came along and spoke to us.After a while, I found life at school interesting. We madefriends with one another, played games and learned a lot of things. But, at the same time, we had to be observant and patient in class because the teachers were severe. Some children also fought. Above all, I realized that in the years to come we had to work hard to be successful. (151 words)Objective Two: The ParagraphActivity 3:Identify the topic and the topic sentence in the following paragraph.1.Topic: petty ways of saving moneyTopic sentence: the last sentence of the paragraph (in which the writer makes a comment on such ways of saving money)2.Topic: America’s invention of mass productionTopic sentence: the first sentence (in which the writer states his opinion on the topic: it’s a great contribution to mankind.)3.Topic: stealingTopic sentence: the last sentence (in which what the writer realized about stealing)Point out which of the following topic sentences make a discussible point and turn the dead-end topic sentences into discussible ones.Topic sentences that make a discussible point: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, and 10; the rest of the sentences are established facts, and therefore don’t make a discussable point1. My 68-year-old grandma is the kindest person I have ever seen.4. Whenever he is nervous my uncle smokes a cigarette or two.5. Xiao Li likes to study in the library for three reasons.8. English is a useful/international language.Point out which of the following topic sentences are not specific enough or too specific, and turn them into effective ones.1.too specific → Measures should be take n to cut dow n traffic accidents.2.not specific enough → Medical care in my hometown has improved a greatdeal in the past 10 years.3.not specific enough → Children like computer-assisted teaching.4.too specific → The restaurant owner deals with customers’ complaintspatiently.5.not specific enough → The CBA game yesterday was exciting.6.too specific → Farm machines used in poor areas should be upgraded.7.too specific → School uniforms should be modernized to keep up withthe new styles.8.too specific → I will never forget my first day of school.9.not specific enough → July 7, 2003 was a turning point in my life.10.not specific enough →A typical Chinese families today is made up of thehusband, the wife one or two children.Supply a topic sentence for each of the three paragraphs, and put it the right place.1. b d2. c a3. bActivity 4:Passage 11.Yes.2.It is stated in the first sentence of the last paragraph, “In general, though, the firstday of school is an exciting one, for the children and for me.”3.The rest of the paragraph supports the main idea except for the last one, which is aconcluding remark of the whole essay.Passage 21.Because “everything was too different” for her.2.She found it almost the same as she had feared.3.The main idea is that things got easier after the first a few days. It is stated in thelast sentence “After that, it’s a breeze.”4.Yes. But the following sentences don’t relate to the main idea: “I still didn’t likethe bus; it did make me carsick. I even threw up on the bus once. (At least it was on the way home, not on the way to school.)”I would be better to start another paragraph beginning with “Next year…just like everyone does.”Passage 31.He deals with the problems in school education.2.According to Holt, primary schooling turns a curious, patient, determined,energetic, skillful learner into a person who considers himself worthless, untrustworthy, fit only to take other people’s orders.3.It is stated in the first sentence “He learns many other things.” Then he ex plains inthe following sentences about exactly what a student learns.4.He learns that to be wrong, uncertain, confused is crime; he learns to dodge, bluff,fake, cheat; he learns to be lazy; he learns to be bored, to work with a small part of his mind, to escape from the reality around him into daydreams and fantasies.5.When most children come out of the school system, there is very little left of theircuriosity, independence, or sense of his own dignity, competence, and worth.6.The last paragraph is a concluding paragraph. It provides a contrast between whata child is like before and after he goes through schooling.Activity 51.I think so.-The 1st: The writer’s first day of college is a good beginning.-The 2nd: The writer realized he/she had to make greats efforts to achieve success at college. The topic sentence is implied in the last two sentences.-The 3rd: The writer’s determination to catch up.2.In the first and third essay, the topic sentences are both stated at the end.-The first: A good be ginning for you, isn’t it?-The third: Cindy, you know what you have to do. It’s not too late.The topic sentence of the second essay is implied in the last three sentences.3.Answers vary.。
