现代大学英语基础写作(下)笔记

Unit 1Text A课文内容全解1. Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? (L.3, Para.1) adulthood/ˈædʌlthʊd/n. the state of being an adult成年：Many people are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.很多人能够把友谊维持到成年。

2. During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. (L.1, Para.2) 【英释】During this period, students are experiencing an identity crisis and are trying to find out who they are and what their strong and weak points are.3. First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. (L.3, Para.4) 【英释】First, there is functional independence, which includes how an individual can handle his or her practical and personal affairs, such as learning how to spend money wisely, choosing his or her own clothes, and deciding what he or she is going to do every day.4. Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.” (L.12, Para.4) 【英释】Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for freedom from this.5. At the same time, these young adults are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. (L.1, Para.6) affection/əˈfekʃn/n.①a gentle feeling of caring and loving喜爱；钟爱：She has great affection for her little brother.她很疼爱她的弟弟。

Alfred KaoLesson OnePart One: Words Study1. accomplishment n. sth. completed successfully; an achievementa girl of many accomplishments 多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments weresewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.accomplish v.to succeed in doing; to reach the end ofaccomplish one’s object 达到目的accomplish one’s mission 完成使命He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class. accomplishedadj.very good at a particular thing; having a lot of skillsan accomplished artist/actor/chef2. assume v.a. to take for granted; to supposeThey had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong.b. to take upon oneselfassume one ’s responsibility/ other ’s debt assumed adj.assumed name 伪名assumption n.a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen,although there is no proofan underlying/implicit assumption 潜在的/含蓄的假想We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions. assuming ed to suppose that sth is true so that you can talkaboutwhat the results might beI hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams. assumptive adj.3. body a. a group of people as a unit who work and act together,often for an official purpose , or who are connected in some other way. a legislative body / a law-making bodyb. the main part of sth.The body of the writing is not well-developed.the body of a vehicle / buildingc. a body/ bodies of sth. = large amount of sth. a body of rumour/ evidence/ information4.certify v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, orgenuine~ (that)…He handed her a piece of paper certifying (that) she was in good health.Thisis to certify that… ~ sb/sth + adj.He was certified dead on arrival. ~ sb/sth (as) sthThe accounts were certified (as) correct by the finance department. ~ sb/sth to be/do sthThe plants must be certified to be virus free. certified accountant 注册会计师5. enrollv. to arrange for yourself or somebody else to officially join acourse , school , etc.We enrolled in the army.Universities will enroll new students this spring. enrollee n. a person who has officially joined a course,etc.enrolmentn.School enrollment is currently falling.6.expose v. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to anaction or aninfluence 使受影响The parents exposed their children to classical music at home.b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to theaction of light 使曝光The film has been exposed.c. to make known (sth. discreditable);to reveal (the guiltor wrongdoing of)揭发The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without anyreserve.exposed adj. not protected from attack or sheltered from bad weatherexposure n. a. the state of being in a placeor a situation where is noprotection from sth. harmful or unpleasantThey risked exposure to harmful radiation.b. the fact of being discussed on television, in newspapers, etc.(=publicity)Her movie has a lot of exposure in the media.7.facultyn. a.any of the powers of the body or mindthe faculty of the sight; mental facultiesb. department or group of related departmentsin a universitythe Faculty of Lawc.the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in thewhole universityThe entire faculty of the university will attendthe meeting.8.freshadj. to have just come from a particular place; to have just hada particular experienceStudents fresh from Business schoolshould have a three-monthprobation in the company .freshness n.We guarantee the freshness of all our produce.freshlyadv.freshly ironed shirtsfreshenv.The rain had freshened the air.Can Ifreshen your drink, sir?freshen oneself upFresher/ freshmansophomorejuniorseniorgraduatepostgraduate9.generatev. to produce as a result of a chemical orphysical processWhen coal burns, it generates heat.a generating station 发电站generation n.the generation of electricitygenerator n.the wind generator 风能发电机Alfred KaoAlfred Kaothe UK ’s major electricity generator 发电公司 generative adj.human adj./n. 人的/人类humanly adv. 在人所能及的范围内 humane adj. 仁慈的；人道的 humanely adv.仁慈地；人道地 humanism n. 人道主义 humanitariann. 人道主义者humanity n. 人道/人性/人文 humanizev.使人性化10. literaladj. a. being the basic or usual meaning of a word or a phraseThe literal meaning of “petrify ” is to turn stones b. that follows the original words exactly a literal translation c. lacking imaginationHer interpretation of the music is too literal. literalness Un.literary adj. connected with literature literary criticism/theoryliterate adj. able to read and writeThough nearly twenty, he was barely literate. illiterate adj.literacyn.11. rear n. a behind partThere are toilets at both front and rear of the plane bring up the rearto be at the back or at lastDavid was the first to reach the summit, followed by pat, leaving Tom to bring up the rear.v. to care for young children or animals until they are grownShe reared a family of five on her own.rear sb./ sth. onsth.to give a people or an animal a particular kind of food,entertainment, etc. while they are young.I was the son of sailors, and reared on stories of the sea. rearing n. the process of raising a child as he grows up12. sufficev. to be enough for sb./ sth.Generally a brief note or a phone call will suffice. One example will suffice to illustrate the point.Suffice it to say that …足以说明…I won ’t go into all details. Suffice it to say that the whole event was a complete disaster.sufficiency n. an amount of something that is enough for a particularpurposea sufficiency of well-trained teachers sufficient adj. insufficient adj. self-sufficient adj. sufficiently adv.Part Two: Phrases Study 刚从……离开；刚经历过……be fresh out of……中的一员全体学生part ofthe student body抱着胳膊fold on e’s arms仿佛在说as if to say对……新鲜；陌生be new to指出point out得到reach for碾碎药片grind the pills专门从事于specialize in暴露在……；接触……be exposed to想出一个主意generate an idea在历史的进程中within the history呆在……be around像这样阐述put it this way平均为……average out to保持稳定、有效tend to hold专业技能professional skills确保……；保证……see to it that躲避；不存在；不含有stay out of跳出篱笆jump the fence受电刑go to the electric chair 有用的活动、事业useful pursuits连同……along with基本的满足感basic satisfactions养活妻子support on e’s wife抚养孩子rear your children养家raise a family有点；某种sort of深刻性的见解penetrating ideas主管一个家庭preside over a family保持关联maintain contact with民主的智者great democratic intellect一个对艺术敏感的人 a reasonably sensitive man因……卡住be stuck for签发票sign checks大学的意义、作用the business of college让某人接触某事put sb in touch with为了……的延续for the continuity of美术fine arts没资格做……have no business doing新物种new species of有勇无谋的野蛮人mechanized savage机械化的push-button Neanderthal行尸走肉life forms一个有教养的人 a civilized human刻在石头上cut into the stone有可能……The chances are保持清醒stay awake能从过去中学到……what the past learned for you 人类的精神财富mankind’s spiritual resources 储存在……be stored in特别的成就peculiar accomplishmentAlfred Kao……的碎片fragments of实际上in literal time在本质上in essence急于赚钱too much in a hurry一个成熟的人 a developed human一个民主的市民 a useful citizen of a democracy 大学文科liberal arts专科学校specialized schools尝试；努力做in one’s attempt to使某人……成为可能make available to sb.Part Three: Extension1.Word Building----izedrama dramatize 使戏剧化Helen Hellenize 使希腊化idol idolize 偶像崇拜anesthetic anesthetize 施以麻醉tyranny tyrannize 压制Pasteur Pasteurize 巴氏消毒material materialize 具体化botany botanize 采集植物capital capitalize 使资本化；大写central centralize 使集中化final finalize 完成hospital hospitalize 送……入院ideal idealize 使理想化natural naturalize 加入国籍；归化social socialize 使社会化apology apologize 道歉civilization civilize 教化fertilization fertilize 施肥industrial industrialize 使工业化real realize 实现special specialize 专门从事western westernize 使西方化colony colonize 将……开拓为殖民地local localize 使地域化normal normalize 使标准化oriental Orientalize 使东方化private privatize 使私有化global globalize 使全球化robot robotize 使自动化standard standardize 使标准化2.Word Building----fybase basify 碱化clarity clarify 澄清class classify 分类identity identify 鉴别intense intensify 加强just justify 证明……有道理note notify 通知pure purify 净化quality qualify 使……合格simple simplify 简化Alfred Kaounity unify 使统一；联合electricity electrify 使充电；使电气化sign signify 意味着；有……的意思3.Expanded expressionsmake a distinction betweensimplified novelsget around with the difficultythe ever-increasing crime ratein the first half of the yearnuclear power stationinterfere in other countries’ internal affairsgive a straightforward answerresort to such meansin the years aheadanaffectionate lettertoss aroundcommute tostorm out ofcontend with sthbe superior to sthon one’s minddo on e’s level best to do sthpropagandize for/against sthbe overwhelmed with sthnameless dreadskip doing sthAlfred Kao。

现代大学英语第二版中级写作下课后答案1、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat2、Neither she nor her friends ______ been to Haikou. [单选题] *A. have(正确答案)B. hasC. hadD. having3、The little boy saved his money ______ he could buy his mother a gift on Mother’s Day.（）[单选题] *A. butB. such thatC. in order toD. so that(正确答案)4、Will you see to（）that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. meC. oneD. yourself5、The reason I didn't attend the lecture was simply _____ I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for6、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes7、Marie is a _______ girl.She always smiles and says hello to others. [单选题] *B. friendly(正确答案)C. healthyD. crazy8、The firm attributed the accident to（）fog, and no casualties have been reported until now. [单选题] *A. minimumB. scarceC. dense(正确答案)D. seldom9、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] *A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone10、At half past three she went back to the school to pick him up. [单选题] *A. 等他B. 送他(正确答案)D. 接他11、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. （）[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me12、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners13、48．—________ is your new skirt, Lingling?—Black. [单选题] *A．HowB．What colour(正确答案)C．WhichD．Why14、( ) She keeps on learning English all the time. So far, she______three books of New Concept English. [单选题] *A. has learned(正确答案)B. have learnedC. had learnedD. learn15、Mum is ill. I have to _______ her at home. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look forC. look outD. look forward to16、15．This kind of bread is terrible. I do not want to eat it ________. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer17、If you had told me earlier, I _____ to meet you at the hotel. [单选题] *A. had comeB. will have comeC. would comeD. would have come(正确答案)18、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on19、We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend. [单选题] *A. thatB. whatC. whoD. why(正确答案)20、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for21、Since we have _____ money left,we can't afford the expensive computer. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few22、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion23、--Could you please tell me _______ to get to the nearest supermarket?--Sorry, I am a stranger here. [单选题] *A. whatB. how(正确答案)C. whenD. why24、I passed the test, I _____ it without your help. [单选题] *A.would not passB. wouldn't have passed(正确答案)C. didn't passD.had not passed25、52．I'm happy to ________ a birthday card from an old friend. [单选题] * A．buyB．makeC．loseD．receive(正确答案)26、I will _______ from Hunan University next year. [单选题] *A. learnB. studyC. graduate(正确答案)D. come27、Sorry, I can't accept your invitation. [单选题] *A. 礼物B. 观点C. 邀请(正确答案)D. 好意28、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best. [单选题] *A. fruitB. vegetable(正确答案)C. drinkD. meat29、—Do you know ______ box it is? —It is ______.（）[单选题] *A. who; myB. whose; meC. who; herD. whose; hers(正确答案)30、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new。

浪漫主义流派：产生于18世纪末繁荣于19世纪上半叶欧美文坛的文学运动和流派。

个人独立和极端自由是其核心思想，特征：a浪漫主义文学崇尚自我，具有强烈的个人主义倾向。

使“人”的形象拥有了更丰富的内涵和鲜明的主题意识。

b浪漫主义强调感情的抒发，偏重理想的追求，有很强的主观性。

反对运用理性观念来认识概括现实，主张从情感和想象等主观意志出发，追求创作的绝对自由；文学作品是一种表现而不是模仿和再现。

c浪漫主义作家反对古典主义只注重描写历史题材和宫廷生活，她们接受卢梭“返回自然”的主张和泛神论思想，着力于表现自然景物和乡间的淳朴生活，歌颂和赞美大自然。

d浪漫主义善于用夸张手法，追求强烈的艺术效果。

e浪漫主义重视民间文学和民族传统。

批判现实主义：批判现实主义文学，是流行于十九世纪欧洲等地区的一种文学流派。

批判现实主义作家在自己的作品中，广阔而深刻、真实而生动地反映了社会风俗、人情、国民性和社会矛盾；深入地批判了资本主义社会的精神童话，把人间的一切苦难，形象地昭示给人们。

这一文学流派，在艺术上多有创见，既是写实的，又具有倾向性。

其中在典型环境中再现某一阶层人的典型性格的创作方法，使作品达到了思想性与艺术性的高度统一，具有深刻的认识价值和审美价值。

F司汤达：《红与黑》F巴尔扎克：《人间喜剧》Y狄更斯：《艰难时世》E托尔斯泰：《复活》现实主义：指文学艺术对自然的忠诚，作品的逼真性或与对象的酷似程度成为判断作品成功与否的准则。

侧重如实地反映现实生活，客观性较强。

它提倡客观地、冷静地观察现实生活，按照生活的本来样式精确细腻地加以描写，力求真实地再现典型环境中的典型人物。

继承了19世纪批判现实主义文学前辈们广泛、深入地批判资本主义社会、着力塑造典型环境中的典型人物等传统，同时又吸收了现代主义文学的营养。

特征a继续揭露批判垄断资本主义的种种罪恶之外，战争文学或反法西斯文学成为20世纪现实主义文学的一个重要题材。

b在表现人与社会关系的同时，更加重视对人的主观精神世界的探索和开掘。

2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士MTI考研百科知识与真题写作真题笔记各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

选择MTI有点原因：1、MTI时间短，时间就是成本。

至于学费问题，提前工作一年的工资应该大于四万元。

2、MTI实用性更强。

3、MTI目前竞争较学硕更小，对于不愿冒险的童鞋来说是个更保险的选择。

下面谈谈我的考经：1、北外的招录比。

北外的研招办有11年和12年的统计。

大家可以自己去查一下。

但是这个统计相较于去年的报考人数要少不少，而且没有计算入报送的名额，报送的名额一般都在一半甚至更高。

童鞋们在考研现场确认之后两个星期可以给北外研招办打电话，问下具体的报考名额，这样自己心里比较有底。

2、大家应该知道，北外最看重的是专业课的成绩。

初试成绩总分、政治和二外只要达到国家线的要求就可以，谁能进复试看的是专业课的总分。

只有专业课的成绩才算入复试成绩中。

因此专业课是最最重要的。

百科相比于翻译更容易拿高分。

翻译有时候下了功夫却不一定能体现在成绩上，而百科则是复习好了肯定有高分。

百科也很容易拉开分数。

当然，翻译也是非常重要的。

因为最后进复试看的还是翻译水平。

当然，北外的复试刷人比例很低，所以进了初试就几乎是成功了一大半了。

lz在百科上花了很大的力气，最终努力也没有白费，考了近130。

Lz看了很多书，《中国文化读本》《中国文化概论》《中国国家地理》等等等等，还有购买了一些考研机构和的资料和考上的学姐的笔记，按照北外考题的风格和类型，最后整理了1300多个词条，考前把词条全部背熟，前面的名词解释就是手到擒来了。

小作文：根据公文写作的书，重点阅读可能成为考题的类型，如解说词、通知等等，把格式记牢，根据北外历年的真题和其他学校的真题练手。

大作文：一般是议论文，论点要明晰，论据要充足，条理要清楚。

3、政治：lz高中学理，没有政治基础。

现代大学英语（第二版）基础写作（上）教师用书Unit 3Task One: Summary WritingActivity 1Summarizing a story section by sectionSummarize “The Midnight Visitor,” using the above guidelines just given and those stated in the previous units. Here are some questions for you to think about while reading the text.1.Ausable, an American secret agent. A summary should focus on him because thestory portrays the main character rather than narrates an incident he is involved in.2.Max, the German spy. He is important and shouldn’t be left out because theconflict is the struggle between him and Ausable.3.Fowler, the young American writer. He has no part in the conflict. In the story hisfunction is to heighten a professional secret agent’s presence of mind against an inexperienced young writer’s fright in a dangerous situation.Section 1 (Paras. 1 – 4)Study the three summaries that describe the main character. Explain which of them is the best, and what is wrong with the other two.Summary 1 is the best of the three. It is objective, complete, and balanced. Second, the length is just right, about one-fourth of the original.Summary 2 focuses on a minor character although the length is all right.Summary 3 includes an unimportant detail in the last but one sentence. The second half is a repetition of what is stated in the opening sentence. And an important detail—Fowler’s presence and his impression of Ausable—is left out.Section 2 (Paras. 5 – 13)Summarize this section orally, making your summary one-third to one-fourth the length of the original. Before you summarize the passage answer these questions and list the important points you think should be included in the summary.1.He told Fowler that he would soon witness something exciting—animportant paper was to be delivered to him.2.It was a German secret agent, Ausable’s old opponent.3.He had come to get the report that was on its way to Ausable’s place.4.He remained calm. He behaved as if he had seen an old friend.5. A balcony outside the window of his room. He said he believed it was wherehis enemy had got into the room.Now list the facts you think should be included in the summary.1.Ausable told Fowler an important paper would soon be delivered to him.2.He found in his room a man with a pistol.3.The man was Max, a German spy, an old opponent.4.He wanted to get the paper Ausable mentioned.5.Ausable remained calm.6.He spoke as if he thought Max had entered his room through a balcony andtalked at length about it.Work out an outline based on the list.Thesis: Ausable worked out a plan to deal with his opponent.Outline:-Ausable told Fowler an important paper was to be delivered to him soon.-In his room, Ausable found his old opponent who had come for the same paper.-He had a plan to deal with the situation and made the man believe there was a balcony outside the window.Section 3 (Paras. 14-16)Summarize this passage orally.Ausable told the young writer that a very important paper was to be delivered to him that night. When they entered his room, Ausable found an old opponent of his threatening them with a pistol. The man had come for the very same paper. Looking angry, Ausable started complaining about a balcony outside the window of his room. He spoke as if he believed that his enemy had got in through the balcony, but the man said he had used a passkey.Section 4 (Paras. 17-28)Now list the facts you think should be included in the summary.-They heard a knock at the door.-Ausable said that he had sent for the police for protection.-Max moved to the window, intending to hide on the balcony.-The doorknob turned and Max dropped to what he thought was the balcony.- A waiter walked in with the drink Ausable had ordered.-Ausable told Fowler there was no police and Max would not return.Work out an outline based on the list.Thesis: Ausable defeated his opponent. / Ausable’s plan worked.Outline:-When someone knocked at the door, Ausable made the man believe it was the police.-The man moved to the window and was ready to hide on the balcony.-When the doorknob turned, the man dropped to his death as there was no balconySummarize the passage orally.Then they heard a knock at the door. Ausable said it was the police he had sent for to protect the paper. Max became nervous. He moved to the window, intending to hide on the balcony, and he told Ausable to send the police away. When the doorknob turned, he dropped out of the window. A waiter entered with the drink Ausable hadordered. Ausable then told Fowler that he had not asked the police for protection and said the man with the gun would not return.Activity 2: Summarizing a story in chronological orderRead the following narrative essay entitled “A Home of a Different Sort” section by section, summarize each section in one sentence and write the sentence in the space below.Section 1 (Paras. 1-2)1.Jeff decided to work with a ski patrol while his father demanded he went tocollege, and said he would disown/reject him if he didn’t.2.Father and son had become estranged since then.Main idea:Jeff was estranged from his father after a bitter argument about his future when he graduated from high school.Section 2 (Paras. 3-12)1.He was now doing is for himself, not for his father, after working as a planner fora big company.2.It was a trick Jeff’s sister planned and played for the estranged father and son tohave a “chance” meeting.Main idea: Years later, Jeff was attending college and kept it a secret from his father until the day of his graduation ceremony.Section 3 (Paras. 13-16)1.The father must have had mixed feelings. On the one hand he must have felt proudof his son and was anxious to welcome him back. On the other hand, he might have felt sorry for those harsh words he said to his son.The son was moved by the change in his formerly cold and stern father and was anxious to go home.Main idea:the estranged father and son were reconciled.✍Writing Assignment OneAnswers may vary.Task Two: Paragraph WritingActivity 3 Learning to create a dominant impressionRead the following paragraph from “Silk Parachute” by John McPhee and respond to the questions that follow it.1. A2.The narrator uses action verbs to create a dominant impression of his mother.Read the following paragraph from “The Men We Carry in Our Minds” by Scott Russell Sanders and respond to the questions that follow it.1.Men in some occupations labored hard in horrible conditions.2.The narrator uses action verbs and adjectives to create such a dominant impressionin the first paragraph.3.In the second paragraph, the narrator uses many specific words and figurativelanguage to visualize the horrible working conditions and the living standards the men endured.Activity 4 Reading on the topicSilk Parachute1.Strict and protective.2.Staying up all night playing poker; using four-letter words at the age of 5;burying the sandwich in a snow bank.3.To achieve humor.Mr. Jones1.He was black-haired and had a pale, lean face with high cheekbones, wearinggold-rimmed glasses with pitch-black lenses.2.He was blind and crippled.3.The man had a lean distinctive face with a red star-shaped birthmark on his leftcheek.Hearts and Hands1.It is the story of a marshal who kindly saves the prisoner in his charge fromembarrassment.2.When he was taking a criminal handcuffed with him to prison, they sat opposite aformer girl friend of the criminal. To save the prisoner from embarrassment, he pretended to be the prisoner.3.The passenger judged people by their appearance. The prisoner was handsome andwell-dressed while the marshal was glum-faced and roughly dressed.4.By using dialogue and descriptive words like "The glum-faced man had beenwatching the girl’s countenance with veiled glances from his keen, shrewd eyes."Activity 5 Reading from your peers1.The first passage highlights the main character's messy hair, rough face, frowningbrows and cold eyes. The second passage focuses on comparing the two men's dress. The third passage uses "plain and ordinary" to describe the main character's look and dress.2.The thesis in the first two is that judging a person by his appearance often leadspeople to wrong conclusions. The thesis of the third is contained in the topic sentence: success, ability, confidence and kindness all could not be seen in one’s appearance.3.Answers vary.✍Writing Assignment Two Answers may vary.。

现代大学英语课文重难点分析Unit 11. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (P3 pra5)You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you should make sure that the fence you design for instance will successfully keep out bulls. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.在配置阿司匹林的时候，确保里面不掺进氰化物；在搞工程设计的时候，确保公牛不会跳进篱笆里；当律师时，确保你的委托人不会因为你的无能而被处以死刑。

2. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact. (P4 pra9)A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they pass through college without learning anything.我们学校肯定有一些这样的毕业生，但不能说他们接受了大学教育，只能说他们上了大学——没有接触真正的人文思想。

现代大学英语精读重点讲解现代大学英语精读重点讲解Beneath my clenched fingers the alder was wriggling like a small, frightened snake. My father saw that I was about to drop it."Hang on to it!"“The branch is squirming," I repeated. "And I hear something that sounds like a river!""Open your eyes," my father ordered.I was stunned, as though he'd awakened me while I was dreaming."What does it mean?" I asked my father."It means that underneath us, right here, there's a little freshwater spring. If we dig, we could drink from it. I've just taught you how to find a spring. It's something my own father taught me. It isn't something you learn in school. And it isn't useless: a man can get along without writing and arithmetic, but he can never get along without water."Much later, I discovered that my father was famous in the region because of what the people called his "gift": before digging a well they always consulted him; they would watch him prospecting the fields or the hills, eyes closed, hands clenched on the fork of an alder bough. Wherever my father stopped, they marked the ground; there they would dig; and there water would gush forth.Years passed; I went to other schools, saw other countries, I had children, I wrote some books and my poor father is lying in the earth where so many times he had found fresh water.One day someone began to make a film about my villageand its inhabitants, from whom I've stolen so many of the stories that I tell. With the film crew we went to see a farmer to capture the image of a sad man: his children didn't want to receive the inheritance he'd spent his whole life preparing for them—the finest farm in the area. While the technicians were getting cameras and microphones ready the farmer put his arm around my shoulders, saying:"I knew your father well.""Ah! I know. Everybody in the village knows each other... No one feels like an outsider.""You know what's under your feet?""Hell?" I asked, laughing."Under your feet there's a well. Before I dug I called in specialists from the Department of Agriculture; they did research, they analyzed shovelfuls of dirt; and they made a report where they said there wasn't any water on my land. With the family, the animals, the crops, I need water. When I saw that those specialists hadn't found any. I thought of your father and I asked him to come over. He didn't want to; I think he was pretty fed up with me because I'd asked those specialists instead of him. But finally came; he went and cut off a little branch, then he walked around for a while with his eyes shut; he stopped, he listened to something we couldn't hear and then he said to me: "Dig right here, there's enough water to get your whole flock drunk and drown your specialist besides." We dug and found water. Fine water that's never heard of pollution.The film people were ready; they called to me to take my place."I'm gonna show you something," said the farmer, keeping me back." You wait right here."He disappeared into a shack which he must have used to store things, then came back with a branch which he held out to me."I never throw nothing away; I kept the alder branch your father cut to find my water. I don't understand, it hasn't dried out."Moved as I touched the branch, kept out of I don't know what sense of piety—and which really wasn't dry—I had the feeling that my father was watching me over my shoulder; I closed my eyes and, standing above the spring my father had discovered, I waited for the branch to writhe, I hoped the sound of gushing water would rise to my ears.The alder stayed motionless in my hands and the water beneath the earth refused to sing.Somewhere along the roads I'd taken since the village of my childhood I had forgotten my father's knowledge."Don't feel sorry," said the man, thinking no doubt of his farm and his childhood; "nowadays fathers can't pass on anything to the next generation."And he took the alder branch from my hands.桤木树枝在我紧握的手指下扭动，如受惊的蛇一般。

WritingUnit 1 (1)1. Narration (Personal Narratives) (P1-2) (1)2. Coordination & Subordination (P12) (1)Coordination (1)Subordination (2)Unit 2 (2)1. Decription (Places)(P21-22) (2)2. Parallelism (P31-32) (3)Unit 3 (3)1. Narration (Objective Reports) (P42) (3)2. Action verbs &Active verbs (P52) (3)Circumstances of using passive voice (4)Unit 4 (4)1. Description: objects (P64) (4)2. Variety(多样性)（P76） (5)Unit 5 (5)1. Narration: chain of action (P82) (5)Showing &telling in narration (5)2.Task 未教（P93） (6)Unit 6 (6)1. Description: People (P102) (6)2. Effective Sentences: Conciseness 简明，简洁 (打印) (6)Unit 7 (7)1. Narration: Historical Narratives (P126) (7)Unit 8 (8)1. Personal Letters (P150) (8)Unit 11. Narration (Personal Narratives) (P1-2)1)Types :personal experience/imaginative fiction/historical narrative2)How to write:◆①A topic sentence◆②First person point of view◆③In chronological order◆④Using transitions◆⑤Vivid details2. Coordination & Subordination (P12)Coordination1)Definition :combine ideas/create equal emphasis2)How to coordinate◆Words &phases :①A coordinating conjunction②A pair of correlative conjunction③In the same kind of grammatical construction◆Clauses ①“,”+”fan boys”②“;”+”conjunctive adverbs”(however)3)CoordinationSubordination1)Definition :combine ideas/create unequal emphasis2)How to subordinate◆subordinate clauses :①Subordinating conjunction②Relative pronouns◆Phrase or single wordsUnit 21. Decription (Places)(P21-22)1)Definition: a word picture2)Types :◆objective: no any personal comment◆Subjective: free to interpret details3)Methods of organization:◆①Using the sense (look ,smells ,sounds)◆②Using the spatial order(空间顺序)◆③Using chronological order4)Tips :◆On a dominant impression (主要印象)◆Don’t use too many adjectives and adverbs◆Precise nouns and vivid verbs◆Don’t qualify every noun with adjective2. Parallelism (P31-32)1)Definition :Express equally important ideas in the same grammatical form2)types :◆①parallel words (gerund 动名词，nouns ,verbs)◆②parallel phrases (prepositional phrases, verb phrases)◆③parallel clausesUnit 31. Narration (Objective Reports) (P42)1)Types ：First person :“I”Third person: “he””she””they”2. Action verbs &Active verbs (P52)1)Tips:◆①replace the verb” be”◆②Don’t overuse the pattern ”there be”◆③Use the active voice instead of the passive voice(被动)Circumstances of using passive voice◆①The performer of an action is unknown or too well-known◆②Emphasize the recipient (接受者)◆③You don’t want to mention the performerUnit 41. Description: objects (P64)1)Methods of organization:◆①Using the sense (look ,smells ,sounds)◆②Using the spatial order(空间顺序)◆③Listing functions◆④Using chronological order2)Tips on how to describe an objects◆how you got the object◆Basic factual information(size, shape, texture<质地>)◆Useful features◆Focus on the most important of the object◆Why it is important◆Your feeling (how you like it)2. Variety(多样性)（P76）1)How to use sentence variety◆Vary sentence opening◆Vary sentence structure◆Invert sentence(倒装句) occasionally2)Tips◆Put a adverb before the subject◆Put the verb or direct object before the subject◆Begin with a prepositional phrase, or an infinitive phrase Unit 51. Narration: chain of action (P82)Showing &telling in narrationTell a story1)Showing:◆dramatizing a scene and creating a dialogue◆Make it more vivid◆Used in a short narrative relating a single event2)Telling :◆summarizing what happened◆Include a greater number of events and details◆In longer narratives ,used along with “showing”2.Task 未教（P93）Unit 61. Description: People (P102)1)How to describe a person◆Dominant impression approach (P22)◆Select details but don’t give too much◆Concrete vivid details◆Don’t overload adj. adv.◆More showing than telling◆Use anecdotes（趣事)2)Ways of organizing a descriptive essay about a person◆Focus on one feature or quality/use anecdotes◆Describes from appearance and personality◆List a few characteristic features/explain briefly2. Effective Sentences: Conciseness 简明，简洁 (打印)◆Reduce long clauses to shorter phrases◆Reduce phrases to single words◆Avoid there be◆Don’t overuse “very, really, totally and other modifiers”Eg. Very tired exhausted/ really hungry famished◆Replace redundant(多余的) expressionsEg.in the event that if/oval in shape oval◆Remove nominalizations◆Verb a/an noun verbEg. Give an analysis of analyzeUnit 71. Narration: Historical Narratives (P126)1)Summary paragraphs◆A typical paragraph:➢develop an idea;➢The topic sentence + supporting sentences◆The summary paragraph:➢Consist of simple facts or conclusions withoutexplanation or evidence2)Basic structure of a historical narrative◆Open with a brief introduction of the person ororganization◆Provide a brief account of major phases/events,particularly turning points◆Conclude with a remark to summarize or to emphasize aspecific pointUnit 81. Personal Letters (P150)1)Layout/Format◆Date / salutation /body/closing/signature2)Language◆Simple, clear and straightforward sentence◆Informal/colloquial words◆Contractions◆Linking words or phrases3)Organization◆Begin by asking how he/she is getting on/refer to currentcorrespondence◆Talked your shared interests◆State the purpose◆End your letter with a friendly phrase of some kind。