2017年四川理工学院813管理经济学考研真题硕士研究生入学考试试题

2017考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析2017考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析一、问题求解（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共45分）下列每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取一个数，记为a ；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，记为b ，规定当a b >或者1a b +<时甲获胜，则甲取胜的概率为（ ）（A ）16（B ）14（C ）13（D ）512 （E ）12【答案】E 【解析】穷举法：满足a b >的有（2,1）（3,1）（3,2）；满足1a b +<的有（1,3）（1,4）（2,4）； 共六组，因此概率为61342=⨯ 2、已知ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆满足''''::2:3AB A B AC AC ==,',A A π∠+∠=则ABC∆和'''A B C ∆的面积比为（ ）（A 23 （B 35 （C ）2:3 （D ）2:5 （E ）4:9 【答案】E 【解析】特值法：假设2,''''3,'2AB AC A B A C A A π====∠=∠=，则11:'22:334:922S S =⨯⨯⨯⨯=3、将6人分成3组，每组2人，则不同的分组方式共有（ ） （A ）12 （B ）15 （C ）30 （D ）45 （E ）90【答案】B【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序2226423315C C C A ⨯⨯= 4、甲、乙、丙三人每轮各投篮10次，投了三轮，投中数如下表：第一轮 第二轮 第三轮 甲 2 5 8 乙 5 2 5 丙849记123,,σσσ分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，则（ ）（A ）123σσσ>> （B ）132σσσ>> （C ）213σσσ>> （D ）231σσσ>> （E ）321σσσ>> 【答案】B【解析】计算方差、比较大小()()()()()()()()()222122222223255585=563542454=42387479714=733x x x σσσ-+-+-==-+-+-==-+-+-==甲乙丙，，，因此，132σσσ>>5、将长、宽、高分别为12、9、6的长方体切割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为（ ）（A ）3 （B ）6 （C ）24 （D ）96 （E ）648 【答案】C【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，则找最大公约数即3，因此得到的正方体个数为129624333⨯⨯=6、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的（ ）（A ）80% （B ）81% （C ）82% （D ）83% （E ）85% 【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是1，则降价后为()()1110%110%81%⨯--=7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车的载重量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车载重量为150吨，则甲、乙、丙分别各一辆车一次最多运送货物为（） （A ）125. （B ）120. （C ）115. （D ）110. （E ）105.【答案】E【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为,,a b c ，由题得2295337245353150b a c a b a c b b b a c =+⎧⎪+=⇒++==⇒=⎨⎪+=⎩，因此 所求3105a b c b ++==8、张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接到了45名同学的咨询，其中的9位同学下午又咨询了张老师，占张老师下午咨询学生的10%，一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为（） （A ）81. （B ）90.（C ）115.（D ）126.（E ）135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的老师为45名，下午咨询的老师共90名，其中9名学生上午和下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为45+90-9=1269、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走10米，则其搜索出的区域的面积（单位：平方米）为（） （A ）102π+. （B ）10π+. （C ）202π+. （D ）20π+ . （E ）10π.【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为：因此面积是长方形加一个圆：2210120ππ⨯+⨯=+ 10、不等式12x x -+≤的解集为（ ）（A ）(,1]-∞. （B ）3(,]2-∞. （C ）3[1,]2.（D ）[1,)+∞. （E ）3[,)2+∞.【答案】B 【解析】121221232x x x x x x x x -+≤⇒-≤-⇒-≤-≤-⇒≤11、在1到100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是（ ） （A ）27 （B ）36 （C ）45 （D ）54（E ）63【答案】D 【详解】考查整除，19100111k k ≤≤→≤≤，9的倍数有9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为()9991154211+⨯=⨯12、某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，其中只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有6道题是能确定正确选项，有5道能排除2个错误选项，有4道能排除1个错误选项，若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（ ）（A ）451123⋅（B ）541123⋅（C ）541123+ （D ）541324⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭（E ）541324⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】B【详解】5道题可排除2个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5道题目全部做对的概率为512；4道题目可排除1个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为13，4道题目全部做对的概率为413，因此概率为512⋅41313.某公司用1万元购买了价格分别为1750和950的甲、乙两种办公设备，则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（ ） （A ）3,5（B ）5,3（C ）4,4（D ）2,6（E ）6,2 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定方程，设甲种办公设备为x ，乙种办公设备为y ，列方程为1750950100003519200x y x y +=→+=，系数中有5直接看个位，35x 的个位必为0或者5，由于19y 的个位不为0，因此19y 的个位为5，那么35x 的个位必为5，因此y=5，x=3 14.如图，在扇形AOB 中，,14AOB OA π∠==,AC 垂直于OB ,则阴影部分的面积为（ ）11111（A ）- （B ）- （C ）- （D ）- （E ）-8488424448πππππ【答案】A 【详解】2OCA 1111=11=82284S S S ππ∆=-⋅⋅-⋅⋅-阴影扇形15.老师问班上50名同学周末复习情况，结果有20人复习过数学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文的有10人，同时复习过语文和英语的有2人，同时复习过英语和数学的有3人.若同时复习过这三门课的人为0，则没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为（ ） （A ）7 （B ）8 （C ）9 （D ）10 （E ）11 【答案】C 【详解】复习数学的看做A ，复习语文的看做B ，复习英语的看做C ，复习数学和语文的看做AB ，复习数学和英语的看做AC ，复习语文和英语的看做BC ，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做D ，因此列式为：502030610239A B C AB AC BC D D D Ω=++---+→=++---+→= 二．条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。

(A) 12(B) 15 (C) 30(D ) 45(E) 902017考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析一、问题求解（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共45分）下列每题给出5个选项中，只有 一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

【答案】 【解析】穷举法：满足 a b 的有（2,1） （3, 1） （3,2）；满足 a共六组，因此概率为J 6°2、已知ABC 和满足ABC 和A1C 的而积比为（AB : A' B' AC : AC' ' 2 : 3,【答案】E 【解析】特值法:假设 AB AC 2, A' B ' A'C ' 3, AA' 2,则 S : S'八2 2 2「2 33 4:9【答案】B1、甲从 记为b,1、2、3中抽取一个数,规定当a b 或者a 记为且；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，b 时甲 获胜，则甲取胜的概率为（）(B)(C)(D)兰12(A) 罷 (BWS 拆(02:3 (D)（日b 的有(1,3) (1,4)（2,4）;3、将6人分成3组，每组2人，则不同的分组方式共有（(A) 3 (B) 6 3(C) 24 (D) 96(E ) 648.则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为(214因此,宽、高分别为12、9、6的长方体切割成正方体,且切割后无剩余,【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序C 126 •! 2-A 3----------- 15 4、甲、乙、丙三人每轮各投篮10次，投了三轮，投中数如下表:第一轮第二轮 第三轮甲2 5 8 乙 5 2 5 丙849记1, 2, 3分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，贝1；()(A)(B 1 3 2 (C 2 1 (E)3【答案】【解析】计算方差、比较大小(D)【答案】c【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，则找最大(A) 10 一 .(B) 10(C) 20 一 . (D) 20(E) 10 ・99公约数即3,因此得到的正方体个数为些9 6 243 3 36某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的(【答案】B【答案】【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为a, b, c,由题得2b 2且95 3a 3c b 7b 245 b 35 ,因此所求 b c 3b 1058、 张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接到了 45名同学的咨询，其中的9位同学下午又咨询了张老师，占张老师下午咨询学生的老师咨询的10%,—天中向张学 生人数为() (A) 81.(B) 90. (C 115. (D) 126. (E) 135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的老师为45名，下午咨询的老师共90生上午和 名，其中9名学 下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为45+90-9二1269、 某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为101米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走 平米，则其搜索出的区域的面积(单位：方米)为()(A) 80%(B) 81% (C) 82% (D) 83% (E) 85%【详解】假设降价前是1,则降价后为110% 1 10% 81%7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列， 量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车载重量为150吨，各一辆车一 次最多运送货物为()2辆甲种车和 1辆乙种车的载重则甲、乙、丙分别(A) 125.( B) 120. (C) 115.(D 110.(E) 105.【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为:因此面积是长方形加一个圆：2 10 I2 20 10、不等式x 1 x 2的解集为（11、在1（A）27【答案】至U 100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是（D(B)36(C)45(D) 54 (E) 63【详解】考查整除, 19k100 1 k11,9的倍数有9, 1& 27,…，99,这些数值的3平均数为99911542 1112、某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，其中只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有6道题是能确定正确选项，有5道能排除2个错误选项，有4道能排除1个错误选项，若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（）1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 ° 1 :(A)——(B)——（0 一一(D) —4 _(E) - _9 29 29 ?9 49 4【答案】B【详解】5道题可排除个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为\ , 5道题目全部做对的概1道题目可排除1个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为3,4道题目全部做对的概率为丄因止匕概率为」313•某公司用1万元购买了价格分别为购1750禾口950的甲、乙两种办公设备，则买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（、5, 3 (C) 4,4( D) 2,6 (巳6,2【答案】A【详解】系数中有5直接看个位，35X的个位必为0或者5,由于19y的个位不为0,因此19y的个位为5，那么35X的个位必为5，因此y二5, x=314.如图，积为（在扇形A0B中，AOB -,0A 1 , AC垂直于0B，则阴影部分的面4(A)-811 (0-O（E）4(A) 3, 5(B)考查不定方程, 设甲种办公设备为X,乙种办公设备为y,列方程为1750X 950y 10000 35X 19 y 200 ,4 4【答案】A 【详解】1S 阴影 S 扇形 S OCA"8 —仔 l2 1 ^2 = 81415•老师问班上50名同学周末复习情况，结果有20人复习过数 学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文 的有 过语文和英语的有2人，同时复习过英语和数学的有3门课 的人为0，则没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为（【答案】C•条件充分性判断:第16-25小题，每小题3分,共30分。

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题2017年管理类联考综合能力答案详解一、问题求解1.【标准答案】E设取的数为点集(a ,b),满足a>b或a +l<b的情况有(2'1)、(3'1)、(3,2)和(1,3)、(1,4)、(2,4)共6种，而全部的点集总数为3X4=12种，所以甲获胜的概率P =—=—.6 1 12 2故选E.2.【标准答案】E乙A十乙A'=穴，所以乙A'=穴—乙A .于是sin乙A'=sin(rc —乙A)=sin乙A .—IAB I I AC I sin乙A 2 2 4 S �ABC 2 再由三角形的面积计算公式可知，＝ S 公A'B 'C '1=-X -=— 3 3 9.勹A'B'II A'C'I sin乙A'故选E.3.【标准答案】B（牙C 仅习15 X 6 X 1 此题为分组问题，不同的分组方式共有＝ =15, 故选B .因4.【标准答案】B由已知可得，甲、乙、丙的平均值分别为了－＝2+5+8-5+2+5=5,x 2 = =4, —8+4+9 =7.1所以甲、乙、丙的方差分别为：rJ 1 =—X[(5-2)2+(5—5)2+(5—8)勹=6;3 1 1 rJ 2 =—X [(4—5)2 +(4-2)2 + (4—5)勹=2;rJ 3 =—X [(7—8)2 + (7-4)2 +C7-9)勹＝—14 3 3 3· 显然rJ1>cr3 >妇故选B.5.【标准答案】C12、9、6的最大公约数为3,因此能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为12X9X6 =24. 3X3X3故选C.6.【标准答案】B设该电冰箱降价前是1,根据题意可推出(1—10%)2=0.81=81%'故选B.7.【标准答案】E设甲、丙的载重量分别为x 、y ,则乙的载重量为x +y 2x+Y根据题意列式为{'"+ 2 �95, 解得x �30,y �1o ,x ;y �35x +3y =l50,所以，甲、乙、丙分别各1辆车一次最多运送货物为30+40+35=105.故选E .8.【标准答案】D下午咨询的人数为90人，上午咨询的人数为45人，再减去重复咨询的人数为9人，所以一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为90+45—9-126,故选D .9.【标准答案】D画图如图3所示，行走10米时的搜索区域是由一个矩形和两个半圆组成，有S =S 矩形+2s 半圆=2Xl O+l 五=20+兀三BD2 3 4 5 6 7 8已图310. 【标准答案】A设购买甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为兀、y,于是有l750x +950y = 10000, 代入选项验证，A 项符合题意11. 【标准答案】D1到100之间的整数中，能被9整除的数为9,18,……, 99.于是这些数的平均值为一9+......+99 9XC1+2+ (11)x = 11 = =54, 故选D .12. 【标准答案】B6道题能确定正确选项的，选对答案的概率为1;5道题能排除2个错误的选项，选对答案的概率为一；4道题能排除1个错误选项，选对答案的概率为—.因为解答各题之间相互独立，则甲得满分的概率为P=l 6X —X-z s 34·故选B.13. 【标准答案】B对该不等式进行分类求解：当x 彦1时，不等式方程化是2x —1冬2'解得x冬—;当x<l时，不等式方程化是l-x +x�2,则1冬2'恒成立，即x<l;综上所述，可得不等式的解集为(-=,一．2 ]故选B.14. 【标准答案】A2阴影部分的面积S 阴影=S S 1 1迈六l 扇形AO B 一丛AO C =—X 立12——x(—)=——— 8 2 2 8 4·故选A.15. 【标准答案】C 设没复习过这三门课程的学生人数为x .20+30+6—10—2—3+o+x =50, 解得x =9,故选C.二、条件充分性判断16. 【标准答案】D设总共处理文件x 份．条件(U:根据题意列方程为1 了x+忙－卢）=10今=25,条件(1)充分．条件(2):根据题意列方程为1 了( 1 x —— 5 叶=5=>x =25,条件(2)充分．故选D.17. 【标准答案】C 条件(1)和条件(2)显然单独不成立，联合条件(1)和条件(2)可得，乘动车的时间为3小时，乘汽车的时间也为3小时，那么AB 两地的距离为S =220X 3+100X 3=960, 故选C .18, 【标准答案】B 本题题意要求x 2-ax-b =O 有两个不同的实根，即要求a 2+4h>o .条件(U:明显是干扰的，条件(1)不充分．条件(2):当b>O时，明显矿+4b>O 成立，条件(2)充分．故选B.19. 【标准答案】E两条件单独是不充分的，联立条件(1)和条件(2).设一月份的产值是a 1'二月份产值是az '…，十二月份的产值是a 12·全年总产值是s,设月平均增长率是p .即有S =a 1+az+…+a lZ=a 1+a凶l+p)+…+a 10+p)11a 1[1—o+p )IZ J1-0+p)a 1 O+P )12—a 1p a 1和S已知的情况下，p并非唯一确定．举反例说明：第CD组：a 1 =l ,az =2 ,a 3 =3 ,a 4 =4 ,a 5 =5 ,a 6 =6 ,a 7 =7 ,a 8 =8,a 9 =9 ,a 10 =lO,a11 = 11,a 12 = 14. 第＠组：a 1 =l ,az =2 ,a 3 =3 ,a 4 =4 ,a 5 =5 ,as =6 ,a 7 =7 ,as =8 ,a 9 =9 ,a 10 =10 ,a 11 = 12 ,a 12 = 13. 可得，只知道全年的总产值和一月份的产值，不能确定某企业产值的月平均增长率，即条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分，故选E .20. 【标准答案】A 由已经圆的方程可以转化为（ a b 2矿b 2 a b x -了）+(y —了）＝厂丁—C'可知圆心为（了飞-)'已知圆与x轴相切即圆心到x轴距离等于半径，即2 I勹=r =]_三气＝已2 2 4.只要知道a 的值就能知道c 的值。

2017考研管理类联考综合能⼒真题与答案解析2017 考研管理类联考综合能⼒真题及答案解析⼀、问题求解（本⼤题共 5 ⼩题，每⼩题 3 分，共 45 分）下列每题给出 5 个选项中，只有⼀个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂⿊。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取⼀个数，记为 a ；⼄从1、2、3、4中抽取⼀个数，记为 b ，规定当 a > b 或者 a +1< b 时甲获胜，则甲取胜的概率为（）（A）1 （B）1 （C）1 （D） 5 （E）16 4 3 12 2【答案】E【解析】穷举法：满⾜ a > b 的有（2,1）（3,1）（3,2）；满⾜ a +1< b 的有（1,3）（1,4）（2,4）；共六组，因此概率为3?64=122、已知?ABC 和?A'B'C'满⾜AB:A'B'=AC:AC' '=2 : 3,∠A + ∠A'=, 则ABC 和?A'B'C'的⾯积⽐为（）:2 3 （B）: （C） 2 : 3 （D） 2 : 5（A） 3 5 （E）4 : 9【答案】E【解析】特值法：假设 AB = AC =2, A' B '= A'C '=3,∠A = ∠A'=2，则S : S '=12?2?2 :12?3?3=4 : 93、将 6 ⼈分成 3 组，每组 2 ⼈，则不同的分组⽅式共有（（A）12（B）15（C）30（D）45【答案】B ）（E） 90【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序C 2 ?C 2 ?C 2642= 15A 334、甲、⼄、丙三⼈每轮各投篮 10 次，投了三轮，投中数如下表：记1, 2 , 3分别为甲、⼄、丙投中数的⽅差，则（）（A ） 1>2>3（B ） 1>3>2 （C ） 2>1>3（D ）2 >3>1（E ）3>2>1【答案】B【解析】计算⽅差、⽐较⼤⼩=5， =(2 - 5)2+(5 - 5)2+(8 - 5)2 = 6x 甲13=4， =(5 - 4)2+(2 - 4)2+(5 - 4)2 = 2x⼄23x =7，=() () = 14) (3 8 - 72+ 4 - 7 2+ 9 - 7 2丙33因此， 1>3 >25、将长、宽、⾼分别为 12、9、6 的长⽅体切割成正⽅体，且切割后⽆剩余，则能切割成相同正⽅体的最少个数为（）（A ） 3（B ） 6（C ） 24（D ） 96（E ） 648【答案】C【详解】正⽅体的棱长应是长⽅体棱长的公约数，想要正⽅体最少，则找最⼤公约数即 3，因此得到的正⽅体个数为12 ? 9 ? 6 = 2433 36、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10% 后的售价是降价前的（）（A） 80% （B） 81% （C） 82% （D） 83% （E） 85% 【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是1，则降价后为1?(1-10%)(1-10%)= 81%7、甲、⼄、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2 辆甲种车和 1 辆⼄种车的载重量为 95 吨，1 辆甲种车和 3 辆丙种车载重量为150 吨，则甲、⼄、丙分别各⼀辆车⼀次最多运送货物为（）（A）125. （B）120.（C）115.（D）110.（E）105.【答案】E【解析】设甲⼄丙分别载重量为 a,b, c ，由题得2b=a+c2a+b= 95 3a+ 3c+b= 7b= 245 b= 35 ，因此所求 a + b + c =3b =1058、张⽼师到⼀所中学进⾏招⽣咨询，上午接到了 45 名同学的咨询，其中的9 位同学下午⼜咨询了张⽼师，占张⽼师下午咨询学⽣的 10%，⼀天中向张⽼师咨询的学⽣⼈数为（）（A）81.（B）90.（C）115.（D）126.（E）135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的⽼师为 45 名，下午咨询的⽼师共 90 名，其中 9 名学⽣上午和下午都咨询了，因此学⽣总数为 45+90-9=1269、某种机器⼈可搜索到的区域是半径为 1 ⽶的圆，若该机器⼈沿直线⾏⾛10 ⽶，则其搜索出的区域的⾯积（单位：平⽅⽶）为（）（A）10 + . （B）10 +. （C） 20 + . （D） 20 + .（E）10 .2 2【答案】D【解析】如图，机器⼈⾛过的区域为：因此⾯积是长⽅形加⼀个圆： 2?10 + ?12= 20 +10、不等式x -1 + x ≤2的解集为（）（A） (-∞,1] .（B） (-∞, 3 ] .（C）[1, 3 ] .（D）[1,+∞). （E）[ 3 , +∞) .22 2【答案】B【解析】x -1+ x ≤2x -1≤2- xx -2≤ x -1≤2- xx ≤3 211、在 1 到 100 之间，能被 9 整除的整数的平均值是（）（A）27（B）36（C）45（D）54（E）63【答案】D【详解】考查整除，1 ≤ 9k≤ 100 →1 ≤k≤ 11，9的倍数有9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为(9+99)?11=542?1112、某试卷由 15 道选择题组成，每道题有 4 个选项，其中只有⼀项是符合试题要求的，甲有 6 道题是能确定正确选项，有 5道能排除 2 个错误选项，有4 道能排除 1 个错误选项，若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选⼀个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（）1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 3 ?5 1 ? 3 ?5 （A）? （B）? （C）+ （D） ? （E）+ ?2 4 5 2 5 4 2 5 4 2 4 4 2 4 43 3 3 ? ? ? ? 【答案】B【详解】5 道题可排除 2 个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5 道题⽬全部做对的概率为1 1 ；4 道题⽬可排除 1 个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为，25 34 道题⽬全部做对的概率为 1 ，因此概率为 1 ? 142 5 43 313.某公司⽤ 1 万元购买了价格分别为 1750 和 950 的甲、⼄两种办公设备，则购买的甲、⼄办公设备的件数分别为（）（A）3,5（B）5,3（C）4,4（D）2,6（E）6,2【答案】A【详解】考查不定⽅程，设甲种办公设备为 x，⼄种办公设备为 y，列⽅程为1750x+ 950 y= 10000 → 35x+19 y= 200 ，系数中有 5 直接看个位，35x 的个位必为 0 或者 5，由于 19y 的个位不为0，因此 19y 的个位为 5，那么 35x 的个位必为 5，因此 y=5，x=314.如图，在扇形 AOB 中，∠AOB = ,OA= 1 ,AC垂直于OB,则阴影部分的⾯4积为（）1 1 1 1 1（A）- （B）- （C）- （D）- （E）-8 4 4 88 4 8 4 2 4【答案】A 【详解】S阴影= S扇形- S?OCA=18??12 - 12 ?1? 12 = 8 - 1415.⽼师问班上 50 名同学周末复习情况，结果有 20 ⼈复习过数学，30 ⼈复习过语⽂，6 ⼈复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语⽂的有 10 ⼈，同时复习过语⽂和英语的有 2 ⼈，同时复习过英语和数学的有 3 ⼈.若同时复习过这三门课的⼈为 0，则没有复习过这三门课程的学⽣⼈数为（）（A）7（B）8（C）9（D）10（E）11【答案】C【详解】复习数学的看做 A，复习语⽂的看做 B，复习英语的看做 C，复习数学和语⽂的看做 AB，复习数学和英语的看做 AC，复习语⽂和英语的看做 BC，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做 D，因此列式为：Ω = A + B + C - AB - AC - BC + D →50=20+30+6-10-2-3+ D → D =9⼆．条件充分性判断：第 16-25 ⼩题，每⼩题 3 分，共 30 分。

2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解〔本大题共5小题，每题3分，共45分〕以下每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取一个数，记为a ；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，记为b ，规定当a b >或者1a b +<时甲获胜，那么甲取胜的概率为〔〕〔A 〕16〔B 〕14〔C 〕13〔D 〕512〔E 〕12【答案】E【解析】穷举法：满足a b >的有〔2,1〕〔3,1〕〔3,2〕；满足1a b +<的有〔1,3〕〔1,4〕〔2,4〕； 共六组，因此概率为61342=⨯ 2、ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆满足''''::2:3AB A B AC AC==,',A A π∠+∠=那么ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆的面积比为〔〕〔A B C 〕2:3〔D 〕2:5〔E 〕4:9【答案】E【解析】特值法： 假设2,''''3,'2AB AC A B A C A A π====∠=∠=， 那么11:'22:334:922S S =⨯⨯⨯⨯= 3、将6人分成3组，每组2人，那么不同的分组方式共有〔〕〔A 〕12〔B 〕15〔C 〕30〔D 〕45〔E 〕90【答案】B【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序2226423315C C C A ⨯⨯= 4记123,,σσσ分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，那么〔〕（A ）123σσσ>>〔B 〕132σσσ>>〔C 〕213σσσ>>〔D 〕231σσσ>>〔E 〕321σσσ>> 【答案】B【解析】计算方差、比拟大小()()()()()()()()()222122222223255585=563542454=42387479714=733x x x σσσ-+-+-==-+-+-==-+-+-==甲乙丙，，，因此，132σσσ>>5、将长、宽、高分别为12、9、6的长方体切割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，那么能切割成一样正方体的最少个数为〔〕（A ）3〔B 〕6〔C 〕24〔D 〕96〔E 〕648【答案】C【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，那么找最大公约数即3，因此得到的正方体个数为129624333⨯⨯= 6、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的〔〕〔A 〕80%〔B 〕81%〔C 〕82%〔D 〕83%〔E 〕85%【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是1，那么降价后为()()1110%110%81%⨯--=7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车的载重量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车载重量为150吨，那么甲、乙、丙分别各一辆车一次最多运送货物为〔〕〔A 〕125.〔B 〕120.〔C 〕115.〔D 〕110.〔E 〕105.【答案】E【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为,,a b c ，由题得2295337245353150b a c a b a c b b b a c =+⎧⎪+=⇒++==⇒=⎨⎪+=⎩，因此所求3105a b c b ++==8、教师到一所中学进展招生咨询，上午接到了45名同学的咨询，其中的9位同学下午又咨询了教师，占教师下午咨询学生的10%，一天中向教师咨询的学生人数为〔〕〔A 〕81.〔B 〕90.〔C 〕115.〔D 〕126.〔E 〕135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的教师为45名，下午咨询的教师共90名，其中9名学生上午和下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为45+90-9=1269、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，假设该机器人沿直线行走10米，那么其搜索出的区域的面积〔单位：平方米〕为〔〕〔A 〕102π+.〔B 〕10π+.〔C 〕202π+.〔D 〕20π+.〔E 〕10π. 【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为：因此面积是长方形加一个圆：2210120ππ⨯+⨯=+10、不等式12x x -+≤的解集为〔〕〔A 〕(,1]-∞.〔B 〕3(,]2-∞.〔C 〕3[1,]2.〔D 〕[1,)+∞.〔E 〕3[,)2+∞. 【答案】B【解析】121221232x x x xx x x x -+≤⇒-≤-⇒-≤-≤-⇒≤11、在1到100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是〔〕〔A 〕27〔B 〕36〔C 〕45〔D 〕54〔E 〕63【答案】D【详解】考查整除，19100111k k ≤≤→≤≤，9的倍数有9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为()9991154211+⨯=⨯12、某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，其中只有一项为哪一项符合试题要求的，甲有6道题是能确定正确选项，有5道能排除2个错误选项，有4道能排除1个错误选项，假设从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，那么甲得总分值的概率为〔〕〔A 〕451123⋅〔B 〕541123⋅〔C 〕541123+〔D 〕541324⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭〔E 〕541324⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭ 【答案】B【详解】5道题可排除2个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5道题目全部做对的概率为512；4道题目可排除1个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为13，4道题目全部做对的概率为413，因此概率为512⋅413 13.某公司用1万元购置了价格分别为1750和950的甲、乙两种办公设备，那么购置的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为〔〕〔A 〕3,5〔B 〕5,3〔C 〕4,4〔D 〕2,6〔E 〕6,2【答案】A【详解】考查不定方程，设甲种办公设备为x ，乙种办公设备为y ，列方程为1750950100003519200x y x y +=→+=，系数中有5直接看个位，35x 的个位必为0或者5，由于19y 的个位不为0，因此19y 的个位为5，那么35x 的个位必为5，因此y=5，x=314.如图，在扇形AOB 中，,14AOB OA π∠==,AC 垂直于OB ,那么阴影局部的面积为〔〕 11111（A ）- （B ）- （C ）- （D ）- （E ）- 8488424448πππππ【答案】A【详解】2OCA 1111=11=82284S S S ππ∆=-⋅⋅-⋅⋅-阴影扇形 15.教师问班上50名同学周末复习情况，结果有20人复习过数学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文的有10人，同时复习过语文和英语的有2人，同时复习过英语和数学的有3人.假设同时复习过这三门课的人为0，那么没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为〔〕〔A 〕7 〔B 〕8 〔C 〕9 〔D 〕10 〔E 〕11【答案】C【详解】复习数学的看做A ，复习语文的看做B ，复习英语的看做C ，复习数学和语文的看做AB ，复习数学和英语的看做AC ，复习语文和英语的看做BC ，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做D ，因此列式为：502030610239A B C AB AC BC D D D Ω=++---+→=++---+→=二．条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每题3分，共30分。

2013年四川理工学院管理学（代码820）考研真题四川理工学院2013年研究生入学考试业务课试卷（满分：150分，所有答案一律写在答题纸上）招生专业：120100管理科学与工程考试科目：812管理学原理—A考试时间：3小时一、单项选择题：（每小题2分，共计20分；每小题有且只有一个正确答案，请将你认为正确的答案序号填在答题纸的相应位置。

）1．管理的本质是（）。

A．计划B．协调C．组织D．创新2．根据亨利·明茨伯格的研究，以下不属于管理者扮演的信息角色的是（）。

A．监督者B．传播者C．发言人D．企业家3．罗伯特·卡茨认为，在管理者应具备的技能中，（）对于所有层次管理的重要性大体相同。

A．技术技能B．人际技能C．概念技能D．学习技能4．弗雷德里克·泰罗是（）的创始人。

A．科学管理理论B．组织管理理论C．行为科学学派D．决策理论学派5．系统最基本的特征是（）。

A．集合性B．层次性C．相关性D．动态性6．管理的法律方法不具有（）。

A．严肃性B．具体性C．规范性D．强制性7．（）是日常工作中为提高生产效率、工作效率而作出的决策，牵涉范围较窄，只对组织产生局部影响。

A．战略决策B．战术决策C．管理决策D．业务决策8．在组织规模一定的情况下，管理幅度越大，则管理层次()。

A．不变B．越多C．越少D．不确定9．一般认为，组织文化的核心和主体是（）。

A．精神层B．制度层C．物质层D．行为层10．马斯洛的需要层次论将需要划分为五级，其中，（）属于最高层次的需要。

A．生理的需要B．自我实现的需要C．安全的需要D．尊重的需要二、问答题：（每小题15分，共计60分）1．什么是管理？管理的基本特征有哪些？2．人群关系论的主要内容是什么？行为科学学派的主要理论有哪些？3．如何理解责任原理？管理者可以从中得到哪些启示？4．计划编制包括哪几个阶段的工作？三、论述题：（每小题20分，共计40分）1．论述管理二重性的内容及相互关系。

2017年全国硕士研究生管理类联考综合试题一、问题求解：第1—15小题,每小题3分,共45分. 下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中, 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1.某品牌的电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的（ ）。

（A ）80%（B ）81%（C ）82%（D ）83%（E ）85%2.张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接受了45名同学的咨询，其中的9人下午又咨询了张老师，占他下午咨询学生的10%，一天张老师咨询的学生人数为（ ）。

（A ）81（B ）90（C ）115（D ）126（E ）1353.甲、乙、丙三种货车的载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车满载量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车满载量为150吨，则甲、乙、丙各1辆载满货物为多少？（A ）125吨 （B ）120吨（C ）115吨（D ）110吨（E ）105吨 4. 12x x -+≤成立，则x 的取值范围（ ）。

（A ）(]-1∞，（B ）3-2⎛⎤∞ ⎥⎝⎦，（C ）312⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，（D ）(]1+∞，（E ）3+2⎡⎫∞⎪⎢⎣⎭， 5.某机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走10米，则其搜索区域的面积（平方米）为（ ）。

（A ）102π+ （B ）10+π （C ）202π+（D ）20+π（E ）10π 6.某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有6道能确定正确选项，有5道题能排除2个错误选项，有4道题能排除1个错误选项，若从每道题排除后剩余的选项中选1个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（ ）。

（A ）112⋅４５３（B ）112⋅５４３（C ）112５４＋３（D ）12⎛⎫⋅ ⎪⎝⎭５４３４（E ）12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭５４３＋４ 7.某公司用1万元购买了价格分别是1750元和950元的甲乙两种办公设备，则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（ ）。

2017考研管理类联考综合能力真题与答案解析2017年考研管理类联考是众多考生竞争的焦点，其中综合能力是重点考察的科目之一。

以下是2017年考研管理类联考综合能力真题与答案解析，供广大考生参考。

第一部分：选择题1.某公司第一季度销售额明显下降，管理层认为原因有：市场竞争激烈，产品没有优势，经营策略不当，销售人员不合格。

以下哪个选项不能被放到原因的列 A. 市场竞争激烈 B. 产品没有优势 C. 经营策略不当 D. 销售人员能力强正确答案是D。

D选项直接否定了题干中的某公司销售额明显下降，因此不能被放到原因的列。

2.某企业申请的贷款额度为2000万，根据银行评估计算，企业的贷款产出率为1.5。

以下哪个选项正确描述了该企业的应收账款和存货金额 A. 应收账款为1000万，存货为800万 B. 应收账款为1500万，存货为500万 C. 应收账款为800万，存货为1200万 D. 应收账款为500万，存货为1500万正确答案是B。

根据贷款产出率公式：贷款产出率=贷款取得后年利润/贷款金额，可得出该企业的贷款产出1300万元，因此，该企业的应收账款和存货之和应为1500万元。

3.某公司想了解客户对其产品的满意度，选择一部分已购买产品的客户填写问卷调查，问卷中的每个问题都给出了1~5个等级，其中1表示“非常不满意”，5表示“非常满意”。

以下哪个选项可以正确描述该调查的测量性质 A.题目互相独立 B. 平行形式稳定 C. 间隔测量性质 D. 名义测量性质正确答案是C。

题目中的等级提供了一种可以排序的评价方式，这种评价方式可以按照等级大小进行测量。

4.某企业于2016年年底购买了一批存货，2017年3月初对一部分废品进行了销售，减少了存货。

需要对该企业进行分析。

以下哪个选项应该在进行一般企业财务分析时特别予以关注 A. 增加额与减少额之和 B. 借贷双方的变化 C. 资产和负债的比例 D. 借贷双方的账户余额正确答案是B。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed.6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction9 poorly-educated, middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, -the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting[B] denying[C] warning[D] ensuring2.[A] inequality[B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline[C] resolution[D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided[C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory[D] freedom6.[A] Instead[B] Indeed [C] Thus[D]Nevertheless7.[A]rich[B]urban [C]working[D] educated8.[A] explanation[B] requirement [C] compensation[D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond[C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind[B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside11.[A] statistically[B] occasionally [C] necessarily[D] economically12.[A] chances[B] downsides[C] benefits[D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face[D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore[C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model[B] practice[C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards[C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved19.[A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into20.[A] technological[B] professional [C] educational[D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots" concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city's image[D] increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize "grassroots" sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, and “digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children. “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to .[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices .[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that .[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to .[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may .[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus course32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation”（Line 7, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ ‘Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?’ ”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to .[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions：Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university Itold everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favorite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream——I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course "Fashion Media & Promotion."Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)试题答案Section I Use of English1. C2. A3. D4. A5. B6. B7. C8. A9. D 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. BSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21. A22. B23. C24. D25. B 26. B 27. D28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D33. A 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D38. C 39. D 40. BPart B41. E 42. A 43. G44. B45. FSection Ⅲ Translation略Section IV WritingPart A略Part B略。