2013年上海海事大学日语语法与翻译考研真题试卷.pdf

目　录
2015年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2013年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2012年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2010年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2009年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2008年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2007年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2006年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2005年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2004年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题（部分试题）2003年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题（部分试题）
2015年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法
语考研真题。

上海海事大学2013年翻译硕士(MTI)真题I．Set Phrase Translation（20 scores in total）穿越剧: time-travel TV drama; time-travel TV series春晚: Spring Festival gala计划生育: family planning; birth control; PlannedParenthood; One-Child Policy外来务工人员: Migrant Worker年夜饭: Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner, family reunion dinner on Chinese New Year’s Eve发展体育运动，增强人民体质: Promote physical culture and build up the people’s health;the development of sport to enhance people’s health消除皱纹: eliminate/get rid of/remove wrinkles回家养病：go home to recuperate；return home to recover from an illness培养道德意识: cultivate/foster/train moral consciousness发展是硬道理: Development is of overriding importance.; Development is the absolute principle.非居民用水: Non-Residential Water Usage; the water demand of non-residential users潜规则：casting couch ；hidden rules；unspoken rules；Unwritten rulesBetter Cities, Better Life. 城市, 让生活更美好吃团圆饭：have a family reunion dinner; have a…meal; family gatherings中国能源的困局：The dilemma of China’s energy特大地震：the great earthquake倡导学术诚信：advocate academic integrity三公经费：the three public expenses；the three public consumption 择校：School Choice; choosing school社会事业：social undertaking；social programs; social enterprise; Social BusinessII．Blank Filling（fill in each blank with English, 1 score for each blank, 20 scores in total）1. It is believed that the earliest translated Bible in translation history of the West is called ________.2. ______ is believed to be the first theorist in the West to discuss theoretical issues in translation.3. Prior to the Tang Dynasty, ______ was widely translated majorly from _____ into Chinese.4. The Latin Vulgate was translated by _______.5. The first English version of whole Bible was translated by a group of people led by _____.6. The most important and influential of English Bible is the______ version.7. The Reformation in the West is largely initiated by _____ who translated Bible from its original languages into ______.8. Nida believes that there are fundamentally two different types of equivalence, one which may be called ____, and another which is primarily _____.9. In his theoretical construction, Peter Newmark puts forward two diametrically different translation methods, one of which is______ translation and another ______ translation.10. Yan Fu, a famous modern Chinese thinker and reformer, was at the same time well-known for his proposal of tri-principles of translation, i.e. _____, ______ and _______.11. The seminal paper ____________ written by ______ was called the Independence Declaration of Translation Studies as a discipline.12. Literary translation in late-Qing China was started by ______, who translated a romance story originally written in _____ into Chinese in cooperation with his interpreter Wei Yi.III．Simple Sentence Translation （2 scores for each，20 scores in total）1. 像这种情况，医院就是没考虑到一些特殊病人的需要，没能为患者提供一种人性化的服务。

2013年考研结束第四天，从考试结束那天晚上辗转反侧夜不能寐，第二三天和可爱的研友们探讨考题默默估分，到今天看着窗台的冬日暖阳依旧和煦淡然如春，尽管道路并不平坦，此刻最想说的是，我由衷感谢这样的经历，感谢最亲爱的大熊猫，感谢一路鼓励我、爱我的人们，没有你们的支持我很难坚强的走到现在，我爱你们。

开此贴，主要是写给迷茫中不知道该不该坚持跨考的非英语专业的孩纸们。

为什么这么说呢？因为就考与不考这个问题，露珠作为典型的O型CN座，着实作茧自缚了好些年。

为了尽可能避免无辜的孩纸步后尘，露珠必须负责任的告诉大家，有梦想就去坚持，千里之行始于足下，风雨兼程的路上必有意外的收获，不要让自己给自己添堵。

毕业有那么些年份了，对于学习成绩一般、学习能力一般的露珠来说，重新拾起书本并不是件容易的事儿。

毕业至今，随大流参加过数次公务员事业单位考试，进过面，始终未上岸，终究是因为不够刻苦，或是造化弄人吧。

在某熊猫的积极鼓励下，露珠终于在12年九月下旬辞去国企的工作，全职备考。

离开那群有爱的同事，颇为不舍。

我们和蔼可亲时不时给我们带西湖煎包、自制糟肉哈鲁的主任，儿子已上小学身材仍然凹凸有致的御姐领导，还有和露珠麻麻年纪相仿活得各种精彩的大姐们……不得不承认，露珠是恋旧的银，此处略去一百字，只希望大家一切都好。

回归正题，由于露珠是跨考，本科学的是中文专业，英语纯粹是兴趣使然，不敢盲目自信，国庆前后谨慎地选择了上海地区招生人数较多的上海海事大学。

随后，紧锣密鼓在网上陆续订购了该校指定参考书目及11、12年真题。

附参考书目如下：1.八级考试试题2.章振邦《新编英语语法教程》上海外语教育出版社，2008翻译考试参考书：1.黄源深、王大伟等《英语笔译实务3级辅导教程》外文出版社，2009百科知识参考书：1.赵春荣《英美概况》北京语言大学出版社，20092. 中国各报刊汉语参考书：汉语成语手册与散文选（作文评分标准注重词语的运用）其中，《新编英语语法教程》相对基础，编书的老师也十分细心，时间充裕、对语法畏惧的同学可以把其中的练习过一遍，总归有利无弊，没准儿运气好还能碰到原题。

2014I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered groups in the ANSWER SHEET (see the following model). There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)MODEL: 01-05: AAABC, 06-10: AAABC11-15: AAABC, 16-20: AAABC1. Traditionally, Samoan parents left speaking to children ______ their older siblings.A. forB. toC. ofD. at2. My beliefs about the varieties of language from which I may choose, based on my perceptions of their use and users, ______ account for my management decisions:A. helpB. helpsC. helpedD. helping3. The foes were ambushed on the way of withdrawal, namely, they ______.A. got beatB. got beatenC. get beatenD. get beathere are ______ chairs in the room.A. bothB. a large amount ofC. plenty ofD. a great deal of(2006) found that some children appear to be more susceptible to internal influence and others to external: the one family in which she found strong Russian maintenance hadunderlined.A. KopeliovichB. maintenanceC. RussianD. family6. In the garden near the river, tourists are attracted by the hives surrounded by a ______ of bees.A. swarmB. shoalC. herdD. flock7. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.A. sinkingB. sunkenC. sunkD. sink8. Literacy of course permitted scattered Jewish traders to keep contact with their partners and families. Which of the following is the predicate of the sentence?A. permitted scatteredB. scatteredC. permittedD. keep9. The exploration of the religious domain has shown the existence of pressure for language policy and ______ specific management policies applied by major religions.A. inB. for1。

2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：法语I．根据需要在空格中填入适当的冠词。

（每空格0.5分，共9分）Nous visitons ______（1）musée ______（2）Louvre. Voici _____（3）entrée ______（4）visiteurs. Elle est sous _______（5）pyramide. Il y a ______（6）escalier, _______（7）grand hall avec ______（8）comptoirs. Nous allons vers ______（9）salles _______（10）musée.Il y a ______（11）monde, _______（12）bruit et aussi beaucoup de______（13）touristes et peu de _______（14）bancs. Après la visite, nous allons à _______（15）café pour boire _______（16）tasse de ______（17）thé. Nous sommes contents. C’est _______（18）visite intéressante.II．将括弧内动词不定式改为合适形式。

（每空格1,5分，共15分）(1) On cherche le chemin (conduire) ________________ à la colline parfumé.(2) (avoir peur) __________________ d’ être en retard, il se met à courir.(3) J’ai regardé par la fenêtre et je (voir)______________ qu’il (aller neiger)_______________.(4) Julie vit encore avec Patrick ? Je croyais qu’ils (se séparer)_________________.(5) Etes-vous certain de me (laisser) __________________la clé ?(6) Je vais lire les journaux en attendant que ton père (revenir)_________________.(7) Passe-moi la revue, dès que tu la (lire)___________________.(8) Je ne connais rien aux mathématiques, sinon je vous (aider)____________________.(9) La mère de mon amie (apprendre)__________________le français dans sa jeunesse et ellele parlait encore très bien.III．单项选择题。

2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：英语语法与翻译I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letter in the bracket at the beginning of each sentence. There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)1. On Thursday, President Bush and a bevy of government officials — including the secretaries of state, education and defense —announced a wide ranging plan to enhance the foreign language skills of American students. Here the word “bevy” means _____A. flockB. herdC. swarmD. group2. Since many styles of luggage are quite similar, we recommend that you _____ your luggage closely to make sure you claim your own items.A. to inspectB. inspectedC. inspectD. would inspect3. We’d better give ______ to what he wishes to say.A. a earB. earC. your earsD. ears4. The flowers withered, we ______ them yesterday.A. should have wateredB. must have wateredC. must waterD. should water5. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it ______.A. will explodeB. should explodeC. would explodeD. exploded6. Our failure to speak the same language on human rights endangers our national security by potentially weakening our ability to fight together against a common threat. We hope that the planned restoration of our human rights dialogue this spring will provide an opportunity to narrow our differences on this score. The underlined phrase means ______.A. in this caseB. in the wayC. in that respectD. in the sun7. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, ___ he?A. can'tB. hasn'tC. mustn'tD. didn't8. She certainly knows better than ______ it herself.A. to doB. doingC. to have doneD. to doing9. The primary purpose of Australia’s language policy is to make the nation’s choices about language issues _____ as rational, comprehensive, just and balanced a way as possible.A. inB. ofC. forD. at10. Mothers flying without children now are allowed to bring breast milk through the checkpoint, _____ it is declared prior to screening.A. providedB. supposedC. provedD. suggested11. We came to Sichuang Province with a eye to visiting the _______ area.A. poverty-strickenB. poverty-strikingC. poor-strikingD. poor-stricken12. Brute facts are opposed to institutional facts, in that they do not require the context of an institution to occur. The term was coined by G. E. M. Anscombe and then popularized by John Searle. “In that” can best be replaced by ______.A. thoughB. soC. whereasD. because13. As long as there is a ______ of hope for the success, we will make 100% efforts to prepare.A. fitB. flightC. flowD. flash14. We ______recommend the book as a reference book for the freshmen.A. prettyB. prettilyC. highD. highly15. It is increasingly ______ that America be better versed in the languages and cultures of other world regions, particularly the Middle East, so we can present our nation more clearly to the world.A. immortalB. implausibleC. impossibleD. important16. Sooner than ______ by airbus, I’d prefer a week on a big liner.A. travellingB. travelC. to travelD. travelled17. Mini fridges and microwaves are available in some rooms, and cots or extra beds can be provided _____ request.A. withinB. onC. overD. off18. Being lost in the woods, Thomson was at his ______.A. wits’ endsB. wits’ endC. wit’s endD. wit’s ends19. In vain ____ to get in touch with the VIP who would give a final assessment of their performance.A. they triedB. did they tryC. tried theyD. they have tried20. The criminal even threatened ______ the president.A. murderingB. to murderC. to murderingD. murder21. He was unsuccessful, ______?A. wasn’t heB. was heC. was he notD. he was not22. A snack food (commonly called a snack) is seen in Western culture as a type of food not _____ to be eaten as a main meal of the day，to assuage a person's hunger between these meals, providing a brief supply of energy for the body.A. meansB. meantC. meanD. meaning23. The pitcher hit the man ______ on the nose.A. fairB. firmC. fairlyD. firmly24. John isn’t so foolish _____ the importance of the test.A. enough to realizeB. to realizeC. as not realizingD. as not to realize25. Children love to watch the whirling motion of the windmills, so much so ____ they have recreated a small version in the Pinwheel that you see in this photograph.A. goodB. farC. whichD. that26. Many a worker says the lady is a little of ______.A. a coquetteB. the coquetteC. coquetteD. coquettes27. This is especially true in the social sciences, ______ major developments have often been motivated in large measure by the desire to change the social system, to validate existing social policies and practices, or to counteract hegemonic beliefs about human nature.A. in whichB. whichC. by whichD. to which28. Sue Wright has also made a significant contribution to the field, especially with regard ______ Europe.A. aboutB. toC. forD. of29. Dog ______ are large, fenced-in areas for dogs to exercise unleashed. Created with the expertise of a Parks Department landscape architect and volunteers, the runs encourage play while supplying good drainage, safe lighting, and healthy plantings.A. runningB. runC. runsD. to run30. There is no man ______ errs.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. but31. The United States has no official policy. Responsibility for schooling rests _____ states and not the national government.A. withB. offC. beyondD. up32. The book aims to be accessible to non-specialists from a variety of fields in the social sciences, and to ______ language policy as an area of research within sociolinguistics and, more broadly, within the social sciences and humanities.A. be positionB. positionC. positioningD. to position33. I would ______ Vicky wait for us at the university gate at 3 pm tomorrow.A. askB. haveC. getD. inform34. After my speech, I heard a ______ of cough from the corner of the auditorium.A. displayB. pealC. fitD. slice35. The U.N. Security Council authorized the operation to protect Libyan civilians after Gadhafi launched attacks against anti-government protesters who demanded that he ______ down after42 years in power.A. has steppedB. stepsC. steppedD. step36. In recent years research in language policy has been motivated, at least ______ part, by concerns about the accelerating loss of languages worldwide.A. beyondB. inC. toD. on37. He is about to take the floor ______ linguistics.A. esteemingB. evadingC. retardingD. respecting38. The children are making ______ that they are princes and princesses.A. believingB. believeC. to believeD. believed39. Whom would you rather ______ with you, George or me?A. to goB. have goneC. goingD. have go40. Protesters hold a banner and posters behind a canister(圆筒) _______ the radiation symbol during a rally demanding the immediate closure of the Garona Nuclear Power Plant, outside the plant in the province of Burgos March 27, 2011.A. bearB. to bearC. has borneD. bearing41. The thing for Elvis to do now is ______ a suitable case to investigate.A. seekB. soughtC. seekedD. seeking42. Both the U.S. and Israel have not ruled out military option against Iran's controversial nuclear program, which the West suspects is aimed at making atomic weapons. Iran denies the charge, saying its nuclear activities are geared toward peaceful purposes like power generation. The verbal phrase “rule out” means _____.A. call offB. call onC. call forD. call back43. The sooner ______, the more likely ______ him at the crisscrosses.A. do you start…will you meetB. will you start…will you meetC. you start… you will meetD. you will start…you will meet44. There are ______ armchairs in the living room.A. dark three very comfortable blueB. three very dark comfortable blueC. three very comfortable dark blueD. dark blue three very comfortable45. A second grouping is the Romance one, a list on which Spain would also appear alongside France, Portugal and Romania ______ it not for its post-Franco recognition of selected minority languages in autonomous regions.A. would beB. isC. wereD. was46. The enemy had no way out but _______.A. to surrenderB. surrenderingC. surrenderD. having to surrender47. Professor Flower from the University of Maryland is about to take the floor ______ linguistics.A. esteemingB. evadingC. retardingD. respecting48. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.A. sunkenB. sinkingC. sunkD. sink49. Forces may be ______ word, with its implication of causality.A. a strong suchB. too a strongC. a such strongD. too strong a50. While language management was generally left to the states, whose policies reflected national beliefs, starting in 1962, the widespread implementation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, providing access to federally provided and funded services for persons with limited English proficiency, bolstered for a while by the Bilingual Education Act and theoretically continued in the English Language Learner programs of recent educational law, ______ to defend the language rights of those in the United States who do not speak English.A. had been workingB. have been workingC. are workingD. has been working51. I’d rather you ______ to the library for the collection of the data now.A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone52. I wouldn’t trust _______ judgment.A. anyone’s elseB. anyone else’sC. an yone’s else’sD. anyone else53. I really cannot understand ______ refusing to call her mom even in private.A. heB. himC. hisD. himself54. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.A. had meantB. have meantC. meanD. meant55. The factory normally makes clocks and watches, but during the war it produced precision instruments for aeroplanes. The underlined word can be replaced by ______ without changing the meaning.A. turned outB. turned upC. turned downD. turned on56. ______ care would have prevented the road accident.A. MuchB. A littleC. LittleD. Less57. He operates the new machine as if he _____ special training in it.A. has receivedB. had receivedC. would receiveD. received58. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, _____ to find it locked.A. justB. onlyC. henceD. thus59. ______ rain, the football match will be postponed.A. In the consequence ofB. In defiance ofC. In danger ofD. In the event of60. Concerns about the falling standard of English (and the resultant lack of competitiveness), the unemployment rate of the ethnic Malays who are largely monolingual and the continued segregation of the races prompted the then Minister of Education, Musa Mohamed, ______ that beginning from January 2003 a Malay-English mixed-medium education would be implemented in national schools.A. declaringB. having declaredC. declareD. to declare61. Sophie tricked her boyfriend ______ she had forgotten his birthday.A. believeB. to believeC. believingD. into believing62. People hate ______ queues everywhere.A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there is63. This year's GCSE results reflected a fall in the number of teenagers choosing to study a modern language. The number of candidates studying French fell _____ 13.2% compared with last year.A. ofB. byC. atD. in64. On the way back to the campus, we came across a ______ coupleA. newly-weddingB. newly-weddedC. new-weddingD. new-wedded65. The teacher is always dealing ______ and square with all the students irrespective of sex and test scores.A. fairlyB. fairB. firm D. firmly66. Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, _____ for Europe this afternoon.A. are to leaveB. are leavingC. is leavingD. leave67. The teaching of English often became the major priority, and there was no serious attention to maintaining the other language once this had been achieved. The underlined pronoun “this” refers to _____.A. the teaching of EnglishB. attentionC. the major priorityD. the other language68. He operates the new machine as if he _____ special training in it.A. has receivedB. had receivedC. would receiveD. received69. The report claims that Congo's war--which lasted from 1998 to 2003--and its aftermath ______ caused more deaths than any other global conflict since WWII.A. haveB. hadC. hasD. having70. There’s now some hope of ______ a settlement of the dispute.A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there areII.Point out the sentence types of the following, and then Enlarge and complicate these sentences without changing their sentence types, and finally underline the original sentence elements. (20 points)Eg. The governments shall take measures. →SVO: For the sake of popularizing Putonghua and the standardized Chinese characters, the governments at various levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures.1. The turbulent “cultural revolution” occurred.2. The deed tarnished his reputation.3. The authorities offered the company a chance to raise the threshold.4. The world sees US credit rating teetering on edge.5. There are vogue wordsIII. Translate from Chinese to English. (30 points)陈士成看过县考的榜，回到家里的时候，已经是下午。

2013 年考研日语（203）真题全文本翻译I 基础知识在地球上，有炎热干燥的沙漠地带，反之，也有冬天可以到负的十几度，冰封雪飘的地方。

这样的地方，也有着各种各样的动物，为适应各自的环境生存着。

动物身体的形状和气候之间有着有趣的关系。

一般来说住在寒冷地方的动物与住在温暖地方的相比，体型小而微胖，耳朵和手脚等鼓出身体的部分一般较少。

在寒冷地方为了保持体温，就必须保证体内散发的热量尽量不流失。

同样体积的动物，身体鼓出的部分越少，体型就越接近球体，身体的表面积也就越少。

身体的表面积越少，也就意味着与外界空气接触的面积越少，这样被剥夺的热量也就越少。

所以体型微胖而圆的动物，是很适合在寒冷地方生存的。

实际上，住在寒冷地带的北极狐，有着圆而小的耳朵。

耳朵和手脚等部位的血管离身体的表面很近，热量就很容易被剥夺。

所以，正是因为耳朵小，才可以防止热量被剥夺后体温下降。

相反，住在炎热沙漠的猫科动物（狐狸犬？）就有着大大的耳朵，为的是体温上升时将热量散发出去。

从事动物园行业的人们都说，大象即使是在很寒冷的地方也能饲养，但长颈鹿就很难饲养。

这个虽然是经验之谈，但和前面的叙述也不是没有联系的。

大象的体型，总的来说是都近似于球体，但长颈鹿的脚和脖子却都很长，不管怎么看都不是适合生活在寒冷地带的动物。

还有，在寒冷地带居住的同样种类的动物，与在温暖地方居住的动物相比据说体型也要大些。

以日本鹿为例，北海道的蝦夷鹿、本州、四国、九州的本州鹿、屋久岛的屋久鹿、冲绳的庆良间鹿，都是从北到南，体型逐渐变小。

为了维持一定的温度而产热的过程，是由肌肉的活动来完成的。

体型越大，肌肉越发达，产热量也就越多。

所以体型较大的动物，就是很适合生活在寒冷地带。

居住在寒冷地带的动物，身披着可以防寒的优质皮毛。

日本羚羊的冬毛，就十分的华丽。

它的毛就像垂直的耸立在它身上一样。

因为这皮毛的保护，外部空气和皮肤直接就形成了空气层，使得它可以不直接受到外部低温的影响。

2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：综合英语plete each of the following statements with the best appropriate word(s) or phrase(s) chosenfrom the 4 alternatives attached: (40/150)1.Professor Brown is becoming increasingly ____________; last week he locked himself out of hislaboratory three times.A. obliviousB. mindlessC. forgetfulD. absent2.____________ care would have prevent the road accident.A. MuchB. A littleC. LittleD. Less3.From the distance ______________.A. came sporadic shotsB. sporadic shots cameC. did sporadic shots comeD. sporadic shots did come4.In dealing with the problem, Sophia felt at her _____________________.A.wits endB. wit’s endC. wits endsD. wit’s ends5.The news might be unexpected; ____________, it is true.A.neverthelessB. furthermoreC. inasmuchD. albeit6.There is no man __________ errs.A.whoB. thatC. yetD. but7.Everyone in the team was successful, _________________?A.wasn’t heB. wasn’t everyoneC. was heD. was everyone8.This was the first time Tracy ____________ to travel by driving her own SRV.A.triesB. has triedC. had triedD. tried9.American continent was ________________ an empty land by the time of Columbus’“discoveA.anythingB. something butC. anything butD. something10.Betty, an intriguing actress in the troupe, was _________ to tell the truth.A.too much of a coward C. too a cowardB.too much coward D. to coward11.At the end of the semester, you are required to write a ___________________.A.six-hundred-words C. six-hundred-wordB.six-hundreds-words D. six-hundreds-word12.Follow the instruction step by step, _______ you’ll fail.A.andB. orC. otherwiseD. therefore13.Much _______ I respect him, I cannot agree to his suggestion.A.thatB. asC. sinceD. but14.Your article on fish and wildlife is needed by next week, so make sure you keep to the ___________ .A. dead spotB. dead lockC. deadlineD. dead end15.Well all understood the _______ of Neil Postman’s argument after studying the essay.A. matterB. gistC. tenorD. pitch16.The twin brother showed great ________ to their elder sister, who had acted as sole parent to themsince their parents died during the American Civil War.A. allegianceB. devotionC. complianceD. subjection17.With time, the memory of childhood quarrels and frictions among family members will fade into___________.A. obliterationB. oblivionC. realizationD. thin air18.Around Caracas, the __________ farmland of the valley floor, originally used for growing sugar caneand coffee, was soon absorbed by the expansion of the city.A. fertileB. futileC. luxuriantD. luxuriousis the oldest ___________ of show business; every true performer lives by 19.“The show must go on”that creed.A. euphemismB. allegoryC. precursorD. tenet20. A diligent scholar, she devoted herself __________ to the completion of the book.A. assiduouslyB. ingenuouslyC. voluminouslyD. sporadicallyno means _______, her fame was unusually widespread and 21.If Amelia Earhart’s acceptance was byher popularity long-lived.A. universalB. ambiguousC. expedientD. genuine22.The omniscient narrator stands above the story he is telling, __________ his knowledge of what willoccur.A. disheartened byB. unlimited inC. ostracized forD. vindicated by23.Only after I finished reading this essay did it dawn on me that the whole story about grebenot a __________ of her imagination.A. figmentB. fantasyC. fabricationD. figure24. A detective story ___________ in the African jungle or Australian bush appeals to our interest inremote places.A. set downB. setC. set outD. set to25.The good news that his book was at last published left him with a ____________ of satisfaction in hisheart.A. blazeB. scorchC. flameD. glow26.The writer was not used to speaking in public, but when the opportunity presented itself, he rose tothe ______________.A. chanceB. circumstanceC. eventD. occasion27.The proposal was carried by a very narrow _____.A. edgeB. vergeC. borderD. margin28.The cathedral, one of the loveliest and richest in ______ interest in England, was erected in 1382.A. scientificB. architecturalC. ancientD. decorative29.His test results for the whole term were not very _____. He did well one week and badly the next.A. consequentB. continuousC. consistentD. invariable30.Sand is to glass as clay is to _____.A. stoneB. hayC. bricksD. dirt31.Ocean-going vessels have often used flags to indicate their national _____.A. homageB. allegianceC. obligationD. obedience32.The princess wished that she could cry over her lost lover but she was too _____ by herimperiousness.A. preventedB. affectedC. inhibitedD. embarrassed33.Being chairman of our English department, you will _____ at the reception; in other words, you haveto make sure that the guests enjoy themselves.A. in honor ofB. do the honorsC. on your honorD. give the honorsing34.John was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment because he tried to _________ taxes by falsifyhis returns.A. escapeB. avoidC. preventD. evade35.The novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which effectively __________ the unfairness toward black people，was a major influence in ___________ the anti-slavery movement.strengthening B. attacked … pacifyingA. portrayed …C. glamorized … launchingD. exposed … condemningcollectors who collect36.It is relief to see people who can be interested in the arts without being “arty”—for their own ________ rather than for _______.A. delight … showB. interest … pleasureC. reputation … amusementD. enjoyment … satisfaction37.He was habitually so docile and ________ that his friends could not understand his sudden_________ his employers.A. incorrigible … suspicion ofB. accommodating … outburst againstC. erratic … envy ofD. hasty … cordiality toward38.At several points in his discussion, Graves, in effect, ___________ evidence when it does not supporthis argument, tailoring it to his needs.A. addressesB. altersC. suppressesD. substitutes39.Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of ___________,is the first step in learning to be creative.A. eleganceB. goodnessC. originalityD. resolution40.Animals that have tasted unpalatable plants tend to ___________ them afterward on the basis of theirmost conspicuous features, such as their flowers.A. approachB. hoardC. recognizeD. retrieveII.Read the following passages a nd choose the best from the four choices to complete the work attached at the end of each passage: (40/150)Passage AAs school starts this fall in Tununak, a tiny Eskimo community on the windswept coast of Alaska, Teacher Ben Orr is planning to invite elderly storyteller into the classroom so his young students can learnand then write down traditional legends and lore of their vanishing culture. For Donna Maxim’sthird-graders in Boothbay, Me., writing will become a tool in science and social studies as students recordobservations, questions and reactions about what they discover each day. In Eagle Butte, S. D., GeriGutwein has designed a writing project in which her ninth-grade students exchanged letters withthird-graders about stories they have read together. This year a few of her students will sit with Cheyennewomen who tell tales as they knit together, their heritage becoming grist for today’s young Although these teachers are separated by thousands of miles, their methods of trying to encourage children to write spring from a common source: the Bread Loaf School of English. There, near VermontMiddlebury College, grade school and high school teachers give up part of their vacations each summerto spend six weeks brainstorming, studying and trading experiences as they try to devise new methods ofgetting their pupils to write. Says Dixie Goswami, a Clemson University English professor who heads-and-drill’ writing curricula, except they Bread Loaf’s program in writing: “We have nothing against ‘skilldon’t work.”　most inventiveInstead, Bread Loaf graduates have quietly created one of the nation’sprograms to encourage student writers.The Bread Loaf literature and writing program began in 1920 as a summer retreat where Englishteachers studied for advanced degrees. Until the late 1970s most were teachers from elite Eastern prepanitiesschools. Bread Loaf “was failing in its social responsibility,” says Paul Cubeta, a Middlebury hu professor who has directed the program since 1965. “So we went looking in rural America for potential educational leaders.” Foundation funds were raised to help defray the $2, 500 costs for tuition and board.Over the past ten years nearly 500 rural instructors have studied in the shadow of the distinctly flattenedmountain that gives the school its name. This summer 73 came to Bread Loaf from small towns in 32states.Bread Loafers are convinced that children are inspired to write well when they have information tocommunicate. In Gilbert, S. C., for instance, students interviewed old-timers to discover what life in theirsmall towns was like many decades ago. The students’ narrative accounts, vividly describing everything from butter making to courtship and marriage, were published in a magazine they named Sparkleberry.This summer at Gilbert’s Fourth of July Peach Festival, the homemade magazines sold like hot cobblers.Many of the new ideas that teachers took away from Bread Loaf seemed in danger of withering backhome, remembers Cubeta. “We needed to devise a way for them to go back with support for their projectsand for each other.” One result was an idea called BreadNet: by setting up a network of word processors,Bread Loaf-trained teachers could instantaneously connect their classrooms. Last year the project liftedoff when a charitable trust donated $1.5 million for that and other programs.The new national hookup provided evidence for another Bread Loaf belief: children will writefreshly when given a new audience. Students in the tiny ranching community of Wilsall, Mont., beganwriting to children in Pittsburgh about life in winter. “Cows aren’t smart enough to paw througA Sioux student on a reservation in Southlike horses, so you have to feed them,” one child explained.Dakota wrote candidly about what is happening to one branch of the tribe: “Life for the Lakota p going in a downward direction… To control it would take great human power or magic.”This fall 68 teachers i n 33 states will be able to send their students’ writing electronically into dista classrooms. Later in the year, the fourth edition of Voices Across the Wires, a student-edited collection ofBreadNet writing, will be published. “Having r eal situations t o write about has really changed theirattitude,” says Joanne Tulonen, whose Wilsall students were among the first to use BreadNet.their writing was artificial. Now they see themselves as people with information worth sharing.1.The reason why the school was named Bread Loaf is ________________________.A.the school is made up of a group of idle peopleB.the school’s head name is Bread LoafC.the school lies in a flattened mountainD.the school was named by national hookup2.Bread Loafers are convinced that ________________________________.A.children will be inspired when they have information to communicateB.children will write freshly when given a new audienceC.both A and BD.children will be more creative3.What kind of way is devised for teachers to go back with support for each other?A.Interview old-timers.B.Set up BreadNet.C.Exchange letters about stories.D.Adopt the skill-and-drill project.4.Teachers trained in Bread Loaf will not ________________ .A.invite elder storytellers to classroomB.have summer vacation in Brea Loaf SchoolC.devise innovative writing programD.work against skill and drill5.The writing project devised by the teachers in Bread Loaf is ________________ to the students’　writing.A.effectiveB.insipidC.worthlessD.none of the abovePassage BCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the peoplefind their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feeton every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrentsfoam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-bakedclay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defense.Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribesall have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purpose of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaboratecode of honor has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest, and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labor the modest material requirementsof a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing, the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon whichwould kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family orclan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire at one’s neighbor nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home.Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all Indian to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread itsgenial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all wasno more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines forany damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come,had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called theto which the Government of India long adhere. But towards the end of the “butcher and bolt policy”　nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys and in particular thegreat road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies.There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-makingwas regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travelers along the road. It was too much toask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.6.The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph means ___________.A. loansB. accountsC. killingsD. bargains7.Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting snow.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys8.According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed _________________________.A. the introduction of the rifleB. the spread of British ruleC. the extension of luxuriesD. the spread of trade9.Building roads by the British ___________________________________.A.put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans from carrying on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD.gave the Pathans a much quieter life10. A suitable title for the passage would be __________________.A.Campaigning on the Indian FrontierB.Why the Pathans Resented the British RuleC.The Popularity of Rifles among the PathansD.The Pathans at WarPassage CThe fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard, and then again as soon as evening began to mellow,they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpentto see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of thewhite tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But hemade no account of this.The trees on the wood-edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full light—for it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were roundabout—the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did notsee it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back.She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down—she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he wasnot daunted.She struggled; confusedly she came herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather; she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft asthe wind.She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. Sheexpected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither…As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why.She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him; she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and grayish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, halfcontemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees.11.At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to be all EXCEPT _____________.A. cunningB. fierceC. defiantD. annoying12.As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of _________________.A. the lightB. the treesC. the nightD. the fox13.Gradually March seems to be in a state of ____________________.A. blanknessB. imaginationC. sadnessD. excitement14.At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of __________ between March and the fox.A. detachmentB. angerC. intimacyD. conflict15.The passage creates an overall impression of _____________________.A. mysteryB. horrorC. livelinessD. contemptPassage Dver talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes newould sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say,You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.“Denmark is a great country.”It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out inequalities,and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job life’sseminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Fewhave too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame havea nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ sgarbage gets made into something new— and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers — a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime,So, of course,or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.”　one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigner s Out of Denmark!”), bro ken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stonewall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nationof jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as awaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, people——that’more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very muchlike Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. Yousend your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messyor lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderlysociety cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours byfeel bad for taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as virtue of citizenshi p, and you shouldn’tanyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose yourjob, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.f Business and Industry is ___.18. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry oA. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentPassage EThere were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain rather than inFrance, the other great power of the day. In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance thelarger enterprises. England’s supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through their commerce and industry. The newly rich classes in that country were not thearistocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry andscientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility,and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britainhad undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which therewould be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hand,France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because theydemanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, and if shecould find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methodsthat would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the third place, for a long time Englandhad large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and themanors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns. There they engaged inweaving, making shoes, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When theindustrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover theywere free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This and not been thecase in France, which was still chiefly and agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters inmany ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in GreatBritain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for running the factories. There was coal innorthern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone dependeddirectly or indirectly on farming for his living.21. Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because ______________.A.Britain was much wealthier than France at that time.B.the British government encouraged the development of industryC.the merchants and businessmen were willing to finance the industryD.the aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry22. According to the passage, French people attached importance to ___________.A.the quantities of the articlesB.the individuality of the articlesC.the practicality of the articlesD.the price of the articles23.Which of the following statements is true?A. The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.B.French people were bound to the new machines.C.France was more likely to produce goods in quantities.D.France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.24.When the industrial revolution began, Englishmen _____________.A.were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industryB.had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in quantitiesC.depended on farming for their livingD.could move from place to place as the need for workers arose。

2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：日语一、用平假名写出下列汉字的读音。

（0.5×20=10分）1．法律2．運転3．模型4．青色5．意識6．油物7．教育8．借家9．金魚10．盆栽11．鉛筆12．講義13．醤油14．丁寧15．読解16．財布17．大幅18．応援19．本場20．紡績二、把下列平假名改写成日语汉字。

（0.5×20=10分）21．うすぎ22．おんりょう23．かいかく24．けいい25．げんかん26．しょうとつ27．しんじゅ28．せんたん29．わりびき30．じょうけん31．らいほう32．ほけん33．やきゅう34．ふとん35．うらがわ36．やくしょ37．めんせつ38．ろうにん39．らんぼう40．えいぎょう三、用平假名填空，每空一个假名。

（1×10=10分）41．言葉の中（）（）、もとの意味（）（）ではなくて、べつの意味に使われるものがあります。

42．一日に40本（）たばこを吸う人（）たばこをやめさせることはむずかしいでしょう。

43．初めに、なぜこのこと（）興味を持つようになったか（）話したいと思います。

44．日本には、多くの火山がある。

その中（）、九州の阿蘇山は、今も活動している火山の一つ（）（）（）、特に有名です。

45．わたしは映画（）（）芝居（）（）いうものはあまり好きではありません。

46．この料理（）油の多い肉（）使いました。

47．冷たい風の中（）長く歩いたので、手も顔も水の（）（）（）冷たくなってしまいました。

48．きのうはいやなこと（）（）（）でしたよ。

雨に降られた（）、交通違反で罰金を取られてしまいました。

49．山田さんは道（）分からなかったので、鈴木さん（）地図をかいてもらいました。

50．日本に来て（）（）まだ五ヵ月（）（）たっていないのに、もうずいぶん日がたったような気がします。

2013全国研究生统一考试日语真题（203）基礎知識（20点）次の文章を読んで、1～20の問いに答えなさい。

答えは選択肢[A] [B] [C] [D]からもっとも適切なものを1つ選びなさい。

地球の上には、暑くて乾いた砂漠地帯もあれば、逆に、冬にはマイナス数十度（ 1 ）下がり、雪と氷に閉ざされてしまうところもある。

そのようなところにも、いろいろな動物たちが、それぞれな環境に適応しながら生きている。

動物の体の形と気候の間に、おもしろい関係がある。

一般に寒いところに住んでいるものの（ 2 ）が、暖かい地方に住んでいるものに比べて、体が丸っこく、小太りしていて、耳とか手足とか体の出っ張り部分が少ないという傾向が認められることである。

寒いところで体温を一定に保つ（ 3 ）ためには、体内で生産した熱をできるだけ失わないようにしなければなりません。

同じ体積の体（ 4 ）、体の出っ張り部分が少なく、体形が球に近いほど体の表面積が小さくなる。

体の表面積は小さいということは、外気と接する面積が小さいということであり、それだけ（ 5 ）うばわれる熱が少なくなる。

体が小太りしていて、丸っこい（ 6 ）寒いところで生きていくのにたいへん都合のいいことなのである。

実際に、北極に住む北キツネは、丸くて小さい耳（ 7 ）をしている。

耳とか手足などの部分は、血管が体の表面近くにあるので、そこから、熱がうばわれやすい。

だから、耳が小さいことは、熱がうばわれて、体温が下がる（ 8 ）防ぐのに役立っている。

逆に、暑い砂漠に住むイヌ科動物のフェネックは大きな耳を持っており、そこから、体熱を放散（ 9 ）体温が上がりすぎないようにしている。

動物関係者の間で、象はかなり寒いところで飼えるが、キリンはむずかしいということがいわれている。

それは経験（ 10 ）出た言葉であるが、先に述べたことと無関係ではない。

象の体つきは、どちらかといえば球形に近いし、キリンは足や首が長く、（ 11 ）寒地向きの体形ではない。

2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）答题要求：例如1---5：AAAAA 6---10：BBBBB考试科目：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points; 0.5 point for each item)Directions: There are 60 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. You and I could hardly understand each other, _______ ?A. could IB. couldn’t youC. could weD. couldn’t we2. We often advise him not to drink more wine _______ is good for his health.A. asB. thanC. thatD. but3. I didn’t call the hotel to make a room reservation, but I _______ .A. may haveB. must haveC. should haveD. shall have4. It was not until midnight _______ the camping site.A. that they have reachedB. that they did not reachC. did they reachD. did they not reach5. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions _______ a politician.A. suchB. moreC. asD. than6. _______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development ofproduction.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As7. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as_____the harvest of mineral resources.A. leads toB. to lead toC. leading toD. lead to8. Someday, solar power collected by satellite s ______ the earth may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.A. circledB. to circleC. circlingD. circles9. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they _______.A. had just been dreamingB. are just dreamingC. have just been dreamingD. had just dreamt10. Her terror was so great ______somewhere to escape; she would have run for her life.A. only ifB. that there had only beenC. that had there only beenD. if there were only11. Some women ________a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided notto work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made12. A light with no more power than _______by an ordinary electric light bulb becomesintensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A. as is producedB. that producedC. that is producedD. produced13. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelersor others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone _______what lay beneath the surface.A. askingB. askC. to askD. be asked14. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,_____ at the other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones15. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _____its soil and the water of its lakes,rivers and oceans.A. areB. isC. doD. has16. From now on, when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies, ______soldieror cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in his honor.A. no matter he isB. whether he has beenC. be heD. whether be he17. In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and was honored in Germany until the rise ofNazism_______he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.A. thenB. andC. whenD. before18. Physics is the present-day equivalent of _____used to be called natural philosophy fromwhich most of present-day science arose.A. thatB. allC. whichD. what19. _____ the population of working age increased by 1 million between 1981 and 1986, today itis barely growing.A. WhereasB. Even ifC. AfterD. Now that20. By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial traffic _____vastly beyondtoday’s levels.A. will be expected to extendB. will have been expected to extendC. is expected to be extendedD. is expected to have extended21. His features were agreeable; his body, _____slight of build, had something of athleticoutline.A. somehowB. asC. thoughD. somewhat22. We advocate ______the economic, cultural and religious traditions of all national minorities.A. to respectB. to be respectedC. respectingD. having respected23. There are two horses at the ends of a rope ____with all their might in opposite directions.A. pullingB. pullC. pulledD. to pull24. Today the Tennessee Valley is one of the richest areas in the world. But if things _____asthey were it would now be a desert.A. had leftB. were leftC. had been leftD. had been leaving25. After twenty years abroad, William came back only ____ how his hometown was damagedin an earthquake.A. to find outB. finding outC. to have found outD. to be finding out26. Relaxation, ______ fresh air, pure water and clean food, is essential to a sound mind andhealthy body.A. much less thanB. no less thanC. no more thanD. any less than27. It is far better to do well a bit of work which is well ___a large fortune.A. worthy to be done than haveB. worth doing than to haveC. worthwhile to do than haveD. worthy of doing than have28. Understanding the cultural habit of another nation, especially _____containing as manydifferent subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such29. Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results ____to be seen.A. remainB. remainsC. is remainedD. have remained30. If ever again ___happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame.A. itB. soC. thereD. that31. The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________ familiaritywith technology.A. in quest ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. by virtue of32. Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were ________.A. in no wayB. on the contraryC. at a lossD. of no avail33. By signing the lease we made a ________ to pay a rent of $150 a week.A. conceptionB. commissionC. commitmentD. confinement34. To prevent flooding in winter, the water flowing from the dam is constantly ________ by acomputer.A. gradedB. managedC. conductedD. monitored35. Many people think of deserts as ________ regions, but numerous species of plants andanimals have adapted to live there.A. virginB. barrenC. voidD. wretched36. The original elections were declared ________ by the former military ruler.A. voidB. vulgarC. surplusD. extravagant37. They stood gazing at the happy ________ of children playing in the park.A. perspectiveB. viewC. landscapeD. scene38. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ________through the current law system in Japan.A. permeateB. probeC. violateD. grope39. When he realized he had been ________ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A. elicitedB. excitedC. deducedD. induced40. These areas rely on agriculture almost ________, having few mineral resources and aminimum of industrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively41. When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was ________ pale.A. enormouslyB. startlinglyC. uniquelyD. dramatically42. Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at thistime, but we shall keep your application on ________ for two months.A. pileB. segmentC. sequenceD. file43. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts ofcash; virtually all financial ________ will be conducted by computer.A. transactionsB. transmissionsC. transitionsD. transformations44. The ________ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physicalaspects in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. manifestationC. demonstrationD. expedition45. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased ________,a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.A. manipulationB. reproductionC. circulationD. penetration46. The directions were so ________ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A. ingeniousB. ambitiousC. notoriousD. ambiguous47. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of themost ________ areas in Japanese life.A. sophisticatedB. competitiveC. considerateD. superficial48. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of________.A. persuasionB. remedyC. encouragementD. compromise49. Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.A. constrainedB. dominatedC. restrictedD. occupied50. If we ________ our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.A. diffuseB. diminishC. terminateD. preclude51. Movie directors use music to ________ the action on the screen.A. contaminateB. complimentC. contemplateD. complement52. His career was not noticeably ________ by the fact that he had never been to college.A. preventedB. restrainedC. hinderedD. refrained53. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ________ in deeper.A. absorbedB. pushedC. heavedD. sucked54. To ________ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.A. commenceB. compromiseC. compensateD. compliment55. All visitors are requested to ________ with the regulations.A. complyB. agreeC. assistD. consent56. The captain ________ the horizon for approaching ships.A. scannedB. scrutinizedC. exploredD. swept57. The vast majority of people in any given culture will ________ to the established standardsof that culture.A. confineB. conformC. confrontD. confirm58. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A. towedB. tossedC. propelledD. pressed59. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ________themselves.A. stretchingB. extendingC. prolongingD. expanding60. The doctors don’t ________ that he will live much longer.A. manifestB. articulateC. anticipateD. monitorPart II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points；1 point for each question in the first four passages, and 2 points for each question in the last twopassages)Directions: There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage1Your first culture shock came after you left your home country and needed to adjust to the United States. It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the professional norms and become fully accepted.Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoid typical traps that could cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and colleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.61. What is the purpose to learn cultural information?A. To know the U.S. A. better.B. To work better in the new environment.C. To make more money.D. To improve one’s English.62. According to the passage, _______ is not the policy’s function.A. describing procedures, rules and standardsB. governing a countryC. helping to guide decision making and conductD. writing down the company’s information63. _______ is the best way to learn the organizational traditions.A. To read the policiesB. To study the philosophyC. To study a country’s customsD. To observe and communicate with the colleagues and boss.64. How to make a more healthy cultural adjustment?A. Read this passage often.B. Discuss the organizational culture with your colleagues.C. Gather and review the formal and informal information in the corporation.D. Ask your boss for help.65. The passage is written to _______.A. help readers to understand the organization’s cultureB. explain the culture shockC. analyze the policies and traditionsD. help readers to work better with their supervisor and co-workersPassage 2Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins, the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project, a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny of gene in human DNA. Anderson, who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations, is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets, genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug, a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done, however, science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human— or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace, and many diseases will take decades to conquer, if they can be conquered at all.In the short run, the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease, for example, could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective, they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances, almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations.66. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _______.A. know that human DNA acts like a biological computer programB. have found the basic building blocks of lifeC. have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-centuryD. are making a breakthrough in DNA67. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that________.A. time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of gene in human DNAB. human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patientsC. gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of humandiseasesD. information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases68. The word "pirate" (Line 2, Para. 3) means _______.A. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the seaB. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorizationC. to plunderD. to make use of or reproduce ( another's work) without authorization69. We can draw a conclusion from the text that _______.A. engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time beingB. it's impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomatoC. many diseases will never be conquered by human beingsD. doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run70. The best title for the text may be _______.A. The Basic Stuff of HeredityB. The Genetic RevolutionC. A Biomedical RevolutionD. How to Apply Genetic Technology Passage 3It was going to have roughly the effect of a neutron bomb attack on high streets and shopping malls. The buildings would be left standing but the people would vanish. Such was the superior efficiency of selling things via the Internet that brick-and-mortar stores would be unable to compete on price, choice or even service. Book and music sellers had already been “Amazoned”. Soon web-based “category-killers”, in everything from toys to pet supplies, would overwhelm their physical-world competitors. Shoppers would never be more than a mouse-click from the best deals. Traditional retailers, terrified of cannibalizing sales and destroying the value of their expensive properties, were already too late to meet the challenge. “In some categories,” said Mary Meeker, a seer of the Internet at Morgan Stanly, “it’s already game over.”These are convenient beliefs for anyone justifying some e-commerce share prices, but they are already mostly wrong. The reasons should surprise no one. The Internet is not a dominant technology but rather a network of people. It is a rich and highly flexible means of communicating that is rapidly achieving pervasiveness because more and more people find it eas y and convenient to use. But it is those people’s preferences that will count; and for most people, shopping is more than just a means to an end. Even if the Internet provided a perfectly efficient way to shop it would not provide a satisfactory alternative to the physical enjoyment of sniffing a ripe melon, say, or trying on a cashmere sweater.Of course, some products, such as music and banking, can be distributed electronically with success and cost saving. But most purchases cannot be reduced to digital code. And distributing physical goods is cumbersome and expensive. Behind even the most exciting user interface thereare old-fashioned warehouses and lorries, customers who decline to sit at home waiting for purchases to arrive, and goods that must be re-wrapped and expensively returned. No wonder that the cost of getting goods to customers’ homes so often soaks up the notional price advantages of e-commerce.What Internet shoppers have quickly realized is that the web is an addition to, and not a substitute for, their shopping habits. It is wonderful for gathering up-to-date information about products and prices. Cyber Dialogue, a research firm, estimates that in 1998 23m Americans sought information online, but then made their purchases offline, compared with only 17.7m who did the whole thing online.71. The author compares ________ of the online sale to the effect of neutron bomb attack.A. the efficiencyB. the choiceC. the priceD. the service72. According to Mary Meeker, ________.A. tradi tional retailers can’t compete with online ones on price, choice or serviceB. the battle between traditional retailers and online retailers is overC. online retailers have prevailed over traditional ones in the market of certain productsD. online ret ailers have destroyed the value of traditional retailers’ properties73. According to the passage, shopping for most people ________.A. is a flexible means of communicatingB. is not just a means to gaining an endC. does not provide an alternative to physical enjoymentD. provides a perfectly easy and efficient way of living74. The cost of goods delivery brings about the result that ________.A. distributing goods becomes troublesome and expensiveB. the notional price advantages of e-commerce are eliminatedC. old-fashioned warehouses and lorries have to be still in useD. goods must be wrapped again and expensively returned75. According to Cyber Dialogue, ________.A. online shopping will not replace the traditional shopping habitsB. customers seek information via the Internet more often than via any other meansC. Internet users prefer to seek information online without making real purchasesD. fewer and fewer people purchase what they want via the InternetPassage 4A friend who had lived in New York in the 1970s was recently here for a brief visit. I asked him what, in this ever-changing city, he found to be most startlingly changed. He thought for a minute before answering. “Probably the visible increase in prostitution,” he replies. M y astonishment at this comment was so palpable that he felt obliged to explain. “Haven’t you noticed,” he asked with surprise, “all these young women standing furtively in doorways? You never used to see that when I was here.”I couldn’t resist my laughter. “They’re not prostitutes, they’re smokers.” For indeed they are. More American office buildings no longer allow smoking on the premises, driving those who can’t resist the urge onto the streets. The sight of them, lounging on “coffee breaks” near the entrances to their workplace, puffing away has become ubiquitous. Since most new smokers apparently are women, my friend’s confusion was understandable. And there are more than eversince September II.Stress is probably better measured anecdotally than stati stically. I’m not aware of surveys on this matter, but anyone living in New York these days has stories of friends who, amid the scares of 9-11 and its aftermath, have sought solace in cigarettes. I used to go to a gym near Grand Central Terminal. Some days so many people stood outside, tensely smoking, that I assumed an evacuation had just been ordered. At least three friends who’d given up tobacco have lapsed back into the habit, claiming they couldn’t calm their nerves. Others have increased their previously reduced intakes. Some, in their quest for a crutch, have begun smoking for the first time. In Manhattan the frantic puff has become the preferred alternative to the silent scream.New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well. A friend swears he knows someone who has stashed a canoe in his closet in case he needs to escape Manhattans by river. Another says he has moved a heavy object dart into his office so that he can smash the window if a firebomb makes the elevator or the stairs impassable. A woman working on one of the lower floors of her office building has acquired a rope long enough to lower herself to the ground; one who works at the top of a skyscraper tells me she’s looking into the purchase of a parachute. Still others have stocked up on such items of antiterrorist chic as flame-retardant ponchos, anthrax-antidote antibiotics and heavy-duty gas masks.Crackpot friends of friends, but surely not your own? Hardly. One close acquaintance, concerned about my welfare as an international civil servant, tells me I should not be going to work at the United Nations without ensuring that I have, in my desk drawer, a flashlight, spare batteries, a clean cloth and water to dampen it with, all to facilitate an efficient exit through smoke and darkness. Though touched by her solicitude, I have not yet taken her advice. But I believe her when she tells me that many others have, especially her female friends.Recent polls indicate that American women are, in fact, more stressed out than men. Over 50 percent in one national survey of 1,000 adults admitted to being “very” or “somewhat” worried in the wake of the terrorist assaults, according to the Pew Research Center. The anthrax scare may have receded. But recent incidents, from the airplane crash in the New York borough of Queens to the arrest of the London “shoe-bomber” to rumors of suitcase nukes, seem to have had permanently unsettling effects. Take food. A surprising number of people are apparently unable to touch their plates. (Some happily, discovering that fear is the best diet.) Others are eating too much, seeking reassurance in “comfort food.” Give the alternatives, smoking seems a reasonable refuge; after all, the long-term threat of cancer seems far more remote these days than the prospect of explosive incineration.And let us not forget other obsessive coping behaviors. A surge in compulsive shopping, drink and self medicating has been reported, along with exercising, buying music and movie-going. I haven’t checked the stock prices for Philip Morris recently, but I’m told it’s told it’s doing better than expected. As people deal with their fears, the newspapers tell us the economy is bouncing back. Could ordinary people’s coping mechanisms be helping spur a national recovery that, in the first weeks after September 11, had seemed a distant prospect? Few things could be more American than giving in to your weaknesses—and finding that makes the country stronger.76. The word “ubiquitous” in the sentence “The sight of them, lounging on coffee breaks’ nearthe entrances to their workplace puffing away, has become ubiquitous” (para.2) can best be replaced by _______.A. Noticeable all the timeB. present everywhereC. unique in natureD. unpleasant to all visitors77. In the sent ence “New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well.”, theauthor mainly means _______.A. New Yorkers are full of imagination before terroristsB. New Yorkers are steadily confronting disastersC. New Yorkers are ready to combat all kinds of threatsD. New Yorkers are ingeniously prepared for possible threats78. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. American men are as stressed out as women before terrorist attacks.B. The stock prices for Philip Morris must be on the rise.C. The Coping behaviors under stress are widely varied and different.D. Smoking is considered a useful means to reduce stress.79. In writing the last sentence “Few things could be more American than giving in to yourweaknesses—and find ing that makes the country stronger.”, the author _______.A. reaches the conclusion of the passageB. tells her sincere and real thoughtC. adopts a satirical and paradoxical toneD. criticizes American weaknesses80. Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?A. Changing smoking habits over the past decadesB. Fight-flight mechanism in front of terrorismC. Compulsive response to long-term diseasesD. Distracted behaviors under stress from terrorismPassage 5More than just a revolutionary tool for indexing, analyzing, or transmitting content, digital technology is actually reshaping the creation of art and literature. “just as film emerged as the dominant artistic medium of the 20th century, the digital domain — whether it is used for visual art, music, literature or some other expressive genre —will be the primary medium of the 21st,”wrote New York Times columnist Matthew Mirapaul in early 1999. More and more writers, artists, and musicians are using computers and the Internet to enhance, animate, or completely remake their art, with unconventional and remarkable results.Publishing, a print-based business that to some people is beginning to represent the past, is attempting to adapt to the new digital world. Marc Aronson, a senior children’s book editor at the publishing house Henry Holt and a longtime student of the impact of changing technology on publishing, describes this impact as a kind of blurring or hybridization. “The keynote of the digital age is overlap, multiplic ity, synergy. The digital does not replace print, it subsumes it,”Aronson said. “Print becomes a form of the digital, just as the digital has a special place when it happens in print.” Especially in books for young people, he notes, more authors and artis ts are trying books with multiple story lines or told from various points of view.One strain of this new type of nonlinear writing is popularly known as hypertext fiction. At its simplest, hypertext fiction mimics the Choose Your Own Adventure books that became popular in the early 1980s. In these books, readers directed the story by choosing which page to。

2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码830 考试科目名称日语语法与翻译一、次の問題から正しい答えを一つ選んでください。

(1*30=30)１．台風の影響を＿＿＿＿＿受けて、収穫が激減した。

①いやに②かりに③もろに④やけに２．レポートのために、学校から借りていた本を＿＿＿＿した。

①へんきゃく②へんかん③へんさい④へんぴん３．子供の将来のため＿＿＿＿＿、この際、多少の出費はやむをえない。

①とあれば②とあって③とすれば④として４．新分野テレビにひな祭りのＣＭの出る季節となった。

だが、わが家で娘が生まれた頃は戦争で＿＿＿＿＿ではなかった。

①そればかり②それぐらい③それどころ④それどおり５．受験勉強で行き＿＿＿＿いたときに助けてくれたのが彼だった。

①惑って②滞って③詰まって④窮して６．電気＿＿＿＿おろか、水道さえない山奥で生活している。

①を②は③から④まで７．セールスの人の＿＿＿＿＿に乗せられて買った株で何百万も損をした。

①口車②肩車③糸車④歯車８．彼があの時見せたやる気は＿＿＿＿のだろう。

今になって、「やっぱりできません」とはどういうことか。

①できなかった②これだった③なんだった④ほんとうだった９．一連の事件で＿＿＿＿してしまった両者の関係を修復したい。

①めちゃくちゃ②こりごり③ぎくしゃく④ちんぷんかんぷん10.国際交流を進めるには、相手を理解しようとする姿勢＿＿＿＿＿。

①はいなめない②をかえりみない③が欠かせない④を異にする11.最近の祭りは以前ほど活気がなくなってきた。

しごとを＿＿＿行くひつようはないでしょう。

①休むことなく②休まないで③休まないまでも④休んでまで12.政治家は国民全体の利益を考えるべきだ。

自分の利益のために法律をかえる＿＿＿＿＿。

①ことにしくはない②ことがあってはならない③ことともいえる④ことにならない13.航空、レジャー関連企業が若者に人気があるという。