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sap--R3系统功能详解

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R/3系统功能详解 集成制造系统

SAP北京公司 第 1 页 共 98 页 4/17/2020 1 总体特征及制造主文件数据 ·················································································· 5

1.1 主要特征： ······························································································ 5

1.2 集成的应用程序模块 ·················································································· 5

h1.2.1 企业资源管理模型 ··········································································· 5

1.3 公司结构·································································································· 6

1.3.1 跨工厂计划 ····················································································· 7

1.3.2 组织层 ··························································································· 7

1.4 跨公司业务流程 ························································································ 8

1.5 用应用程序连接授权（ALE）分布式处理 ························································· 8

1.5.1 分布式主文件数据 ············································································ 9

1.6 支持多种语言 ··························································································· 9

1.7 制造主文件数据 ························································································ 9

1.8 主要特征： ······························································································ 9

1.9 R/3的主文件数据 ····················································································· 10

1.9.1 单一数据来源 ················································································ 10

1.9.2 处理主文件记录 ············································································· 10

1.9.3 主文件记录匹配码（matchcode） ······················································· 10

1.9.4 更改记录 ······················································································ 11

1.9.5 物料及产品主文件记录 ···································································· 11

1.9.6 主文件记录画面 ············································································· 11

1.9.7 物料主文件数据的组织结构 ······························································ 11

1.9.8 维护工具 ······················································································ 12

1.9.9 系统客户化 ··················································································· 12

1.10 供应商主文件及采购信息数据 ··································································· 12

1.11 R/3分类系统 ························································································· 12

1.11.1 分类特性 ····················································································· 13

1.11.2 多层次分类等级 ············································································ 13

1.11.3 分配分类及查找对象 ······································································ 14

1.11.4 BOM（物料清单） ·········································································· 14

1.11.5 BOM的有效期 ················································································ 14

1.11.6 BOM报告功能 ················································································ 15

1.11.7 BOM维护功能 ················································································ 15

1.11.8 BOM项目 ······················································································ 15

1.11.9 合成BOM ······················································································ 16

1.12 工艺路线及工作中心 ··············································································· 17

1.12.1 工艺路线 ····················································································· 17

1.12.2 工序 ··························································································· 17

1.12.3 分配资源到工艺路线 ······································································ 18

1.12.4 参考工序集 ·················································································· 19

1.12.5 单位时间产量工艺路线 ··································································· 19

1.12.6 工艺路线应用范围 ········································································· 19 R/3系统功能详解 集成制造系统

SAP北京公司 第 2 页 共 98 页 4/17/2020 1.12.7 工作中心 ····················································································· 19

1.12.8 工序/阶段 ··················································································· 21

1.12.9 配方主文件的功能 ········································································· 21

1.13 生产资源及工具（PRTs） ········································································· 21

1.14 计算机辅助工艺设计（CAPP） ··································································· 21

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R3功能详解-财务管理I

R3功能详解-财务管理I

R3功能详解-财务管理I

引言

R3是一款集成化的企业资源方案〔ERP〕软件，广泛应用于各个行业的企业中。其中，财务管理是R3的重要功能之一，为企业的财务决策和日常运营提供了强大的支持。本文将详细介绍R3财务管理模块的功能和特点。

1. 会计核算

R3的财务管理模块提供了完善的会计核算功能。用户可以通过R3进行会计凭证的录入、审核和查询，实时掌握企业的财务状况。R3支持多级科目体系和多种会计准那么，方便企业根据自身需求进行配置。 2. 资产管理

R3的资产管理功能可以帮助企业对固定资产进行全面管理和控制。用户可以在R3中建立资产台账，记录资产的取得、使用和处置情况，进行资产折旧计算，并生成相应的报表和统计分析。

3. 本钱管理

R3的本钱管理模块包括本钱预算、本钱核算和本钱控制等功能。用户可以通过R3进行本钱预算的制定和执行，实时监控本钱的发生和变化。R3还提供了本钱核算的功能，帮助企业分摊和计算各项本钱，并提供相应的报表和分析。

4. 预算管理

R3的预算管理功能可以帮助企业制定和执行预算方案，实现预算的编制、审核和控制。用户可以在R3中对各个预算工程进行管理，设置预算指标和限额，并对实际执行情况进行监控和分析。 5. 税务管理

R3的税务管理功能可以帮助企业进行税务申报和税务风险管理。用户可以在R3中规划和配置税务筹划方案，并通过R3实时监控企业的税务状况，提高税务合规性和降低税务风险。

6. 财务报表

R3的财务管理模块支持企业财务报表的编制和输出。用户可以通过R3生成资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表等标准财务报表，还可以根据需要自定义报表，并进行多维度的数据分析和比照。

7. 网上银行

R3的财务管理模块集成了网上银行功能，可以帮助企业实现电子银行业务和财务管理的无缝对接。用户可以通过R3进行银行对账和资金管理，实时了解企业的资金流动状况，并与银行进行电子支付和资金划拨。 8. 其他功能

R3生产管理系统功能详解

R3生产管理系统功能详解

目 录

1 总体特征及制造主文件数据 ............................................... 7

1.1 主要特征： ................................................................. 7

1.2 集成的应用程序模块 .................................................. 7

1.2.1 企业资源管理模型 .............................................. 7

1.3 公司结构 .................................................................... 9

1.3.1 跨工厂计划 ....................................................... 11

1.3.2 组织层 .............................................................. 11

1.4 跨公司业务流程........................................................ 13

1.5 用应用程序连接授权（ALE）分布式处理 ................. 13

1.5.1 分布式主文件数据 ............................................ 15

1.6 支持多种语言 ........................................................... 15

1.7 制造主文件数据........................................................ 16

sap r3

sap r3

SAP R/3是德国思爱普公司（System Application Products，SAP）

推出的企业资源计划（Enterprise Resources Planning， ERP）大型系统集成管理软件。企业经营管理的全球化和多元化推动了世界范围内企业结构的变化，并且使业务流程日益复杂。这种趋势推动了产品和业务流程的革新和信息高速公路的应用。所有这些都要求以更短的反应时间来进行更多的协调与控制工作。时效性的决策必须基于不断地提供实时的信息。SAP R/3系统提供包括所有业务领域的业务处理流程的集成的解决方案，它是基于三层（可扩至多层）的客户机/服务器系统结构，支持多币种（可同时使用多达三种货币作为记帐和结算的本位币）多语言（15种国家语言）的完整的企业管理解决方案。

SAP R/3主要由财务会计（FI）、财务控制（CO）、资产管理（AM）、销售与分销（SD）、物料管理（MM）、生产计划（PP）、质量管理（QM）、工厂维护（PM）、人力资源管理（HR）、项目管理（PS）、工作流程管理（WF）、行业解决方案（IS）等功能模块组成。而财务会计、金库、管理会计、投资管理和资产管理等构成了整个SAP R3集成系统的核心部分——财会子系统（FI CO）。SAP产品以其强大功能、高度集成性、实时性、灵活性、开放性、可靠性以及国际普遍适用性得到了业界的广泛赞誉并占有了包括中国在内的广阔的ERP软件市场。包括长虹、康佳、海尔空调、李宁公司、小天鹅、联想集团、中化、中航油在内的数十家企业先后采纳了SAP公司的R/3产品作为企业的应用解决方案。1999年，SAP公司其ERP/MRPⅡ的软件销售收入达到了24.35亿美元，荣获当年ERP软件销售市场第一名。

1. SAP R/3系统的集成性SAP R/3系统具有高度的集成性，它不仅在财务会计与管理会计内部集成，同时也在系统内的所有模块之间集成。在物料（MM）、销售（SD）等模块进行业务操作的同时，系统自动同步生成财务凭证。这样省去了传统的大量的收集、整理、制单的基础工作，减少了不必要的重复工作与由此而产生的差错，并且提高了工作效率，使财务人员可腾出更多的时间来处理与分析数据。

R3功能详解-生产管理(五)

R3功能详解-生产管理(五)

目执行的过程中你必须要反复地重新计算总成本。

项目层 电 梯

上滚成本组成 上滚成本组成

WBS层 工程设计 WBS层 生 产

上滚成本组成

箱室子件

采购原材料 预装配 完成

直接输入

预计的成本组成 机械子件

从网络计算每个成本组成的成本

图6-6：编制项目的成本计划

系统采集所有发生的成本，并自动将它们分配到有责任关系的WBS要素。因此，任何时候你都可以对比实际成本和计划的或预算的成本。

最简单的控制方法是按照预算的结构，在WBS要素层对比计划的或预算的成本和实际的或期望的成本。你也可以在每个成本组成的明细层对比计划成本和实际成本。

大多数标准报告都能帮助你一直看到各个成本分摊项目，这使你能检查产生差异的原因。

例如，你可能发现在一个设计作业活动上，有另一个工程师多花费了计划外的10天工作量，或有2天的计划外的准备时间分配给了某个加工工序。

1.1.1.1项目和收益值分析

合理可靠的信息是成功控制项目的先决条件。在大的空间技术和军事项目，收益值是检验业绩行之有效的工具。它将告诉你到目前为止，实际发生的成本是否与项目进度成比例。根据这一信息你可以采取各种纠正措施。

收益值说明到目前为止，根据计划成本分摊得出的工作量完成的百分比（BCWS：计划工作的预