高考英语一轮复习 专题训练 第二部分 专题五 名词
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语法专题五、名词(必考)名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词,如:Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)与不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词有单数与复数两种形式,名词复数构成形式部分规则如下:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母;单复数形式相同;其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数(1)中国人a Chinese-Chinese; (2)日本人a Japanese- Japanese (2)英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;(3)法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen (4)美国人American- Americans (5)德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3.以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。
专题五形容词和副词基础巩固Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018河北五个一联盟二次联考)The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site (suit)for them as well.答案suitable 句意:这些文章是为更年轻的读者写的,但是成年人会发现这个网站也适合他们。
设空处作宾语补足语,说明this site的特征,意为“适合的”,故填形容词suitable。
2.(2018湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考)Almost all the fables he wrote are (humor)and entertaining, appealing to people of all ages.答案humorous 句意:几乎他写的所有的寓言故事都很滑稽、有趣,吸引着各个年龄段的人们。
设空处作表语,表示主语the fables的特征,故填提示词humor的形容词形式humorous,意为“幽默的”。
3.(2018陕西榆林二中三模)Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the (late)medical development.答案latest 考查形容词。
根据语境可知,医生用它来了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展,设空处作定语,修饰medical development,意为“最新的”,故填形容词latest。
4.(2018湖北襄阳调研)The WHO announced, in 2014, a plan to fight obesity and invited governments to encourage their citizens to adopt a (sense)diet and to take some exercise.答案sensible 句意:2014年世界卫生组织宣布了一项对付肥胖的计划并请各国政府鼓励其公民要合理饮食和进行一些锻炼。
►第06讲助人类(讲义)_____________________________________________________________________读后续写中常常会遇到自己帮助别人或者自己受到他人帮助的故事情节,我们就把这类文章归为“脱险型”。
在近年高考真题中,如2022年新高考I卷鼓励David越野跑;2020年新高考I卷帮助他人渡过难关等。
【写作步骤】一困难处境来铺垫1.The water was deep and running fast from a big rainstorm the night before.暴雨,水又深又急。
2.A thick burning smell filled the air.空气里弥漫着浓厚灼热的味道。
3.I tried to climb out of the hole, but when I got a knee on the ice, it broke like window glass.我试图从洞里爬出来,但当我的膝盖跪在冰上时,它就像窗户玻璃一样断裂了。
4.As flames shot at his feet, he broke the window’s glass with his bare hand. Blood flowed from between hisfingers and he ignored the pain.当火焰射向他的脚边时,他徒手打破了窗户的玻璃。
血从他的手指间流出,他没有理会疼痛。
5.The doorway was sealed by fire.The glass of the window was broken,some smoke ran out of the window,and there was less smoke in the house.门口被火封住了。
窗户的玻璃被打碎了,窗外有一些烟,房子里的烟也少了。
专题五名词
1.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),61]It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and (from) work.
2.[2017浙江,56]Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
3.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),69]The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed...
4.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ),62]Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel
a real sense of (achieve).
5.[2014安徽,29]—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?
—That’s a good (suggest).
6.[2013湖北,21]Poetry written from the (perspective) of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
7.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
8.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
9.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
10.[2014新课标全国Ⅰ改错]Since then —for all these year —we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
答案
1.crowds 考查名词的单复数。
因为crowd为可数名词,并且其前没有限定词,所以此处用其复数形式。
2.carrots 考查名词的单复数。
根据上文的"a handful of"可知,此处表示一把小胡萝卜,所以应用carrot的复数形式。
3.days 考查名词的单复数。
由few修饰可数名词复数可知,此空填days。
every few days 是"每隔几天"的意思。
4.achievement 考查词性转换。
首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。
介词后接名词,a real sense of achievement意为"一种真实的成就感"。
5.suggestion 句意:—如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车,为何不先买辆二手车?—这是个好建议。
根据句意可知此处用提示词suggest 的名词单数形式suggestion表"建议"。
6.perspective 句意:从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出他们因为缺少归属感而产生的焦虑。
提示词perspective本身就是名词,"视角,观点",故填perspective。
rmations→information。
考查名词。
information为不可数名词,无复数形式。
8.honest→honesty考查名词。
此题难度较大,is honest本身无语法错误。
根据语境"我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实"可知,此处该用名词形式作表语。
9.knowledges→knowledge考查名词的数。
knowledge为不可数名词,只能用单数形式。
10.year→years考查名词的单复数。
for all these years"这么多年来",因此应用year 的复数形式years。
w。