机构HMB介绍

252kV H-GIS六氟化硫复合电器西安西电开关电气有限公司252kV H-GIS六氟化硫复合电器产品介绍1、概述目前我国252kV高压开关站主要有两大类：气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备（GIS）、常规敞式开关设备（AIS），近几年又出现了一种新型H-GIS 开关站，其介于全封闭开关设备（GIS）和敞开式开关设备（AIS）之间，是将全封闭开关设备（GIS）八大元件中电压互感器、避雷器及母线采用敞开式设备的一种新型开关站。

这种新型开关站继承了GIS的运行可靠性高、环境适应能力强，耐地震能力强，技术经济指标高的特点。

又可达到标准化、模块化设计和生产，产品可整体运输,、现场安装工作量小，周期短，安装费用低。

另一突出优点是优异的经济性：新型H-GIS开关设备的价格约为GIS产品的80%左右，而其占地面积仅为常规敞开式开关站的45%左右。

西开电气生产的252kV H-GIS是252kV GIS产品技术而派生出的一种新型SF6超高压、大容量SF6气体开关设备，西开电气公司生产的ZF9—252型GIS 是消化吸收日本三菱电机株式会社252kV GIS产品技术而生产的一种新型高压、大容量气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备,，并于1997年通过了两部鉴定。

2002年ZF9-252 用三相机械联动六氟化硫断路器（配气动机构和液压机构）通过了两部鉴定且填补了国内空白。

2004年在荷兰KEMA试验站和国家高压电器质量监督检验中心西安高压电器研究所顺利完成63kA,4000A全套型式试验，63kA,4000A 的252kV GIS（配气动机构和液压机构）填补了国内空白。

ZF9—252型GIS 产品已广泛应用于全国各地，63kA,4000A 的252kV GIS已有31个间隔销往新加坡国家电力公司。

2、使用环境条件安装条件：户内或户外环境温度: -35℃～40℃最大日温差: 25℃相对湿度: 日平均不大于95%；月平均不大于90%。

日照强度(户外) : 0.1W/cm2(晴天中午)最大风压: 34m/s覆冰厚度: 20mm抗震烈度: 水平加速度0.3g;垂直加速度0.15g污秽等级: Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级海拔: 1000m; 2000m; 3000m;3、主要技术参数额定电压: 252kV；额定电流：3150A、4000A；额定频率：50Hz；额定短时耐受电流：50，63kA;额定峰值耐受电流：125，160kA;额定短路持续时间: 3s;额定雷电冲击耐受电压：断路器（对地/断口）：1050/1050+206kV，隔离开关（对地/断口）：1050/1050+206kV;;额定一分钟工频耐受电压：断路器（对地/断口）：460/540kV，隔离开关（对地/断口）：460/540kV4、主要技术指标六氟化硫气体零表压下：5min工频耐受(20℃):189kV;在1.1倍最高电压下：晴天夜晚无可见电晕;无线电干扰水平: 在1.1倍最高电压下≤500μV 六氟化硫气体年漏气率: ≤0.5%;六氟化硫气体水分含量: 断路器气室≤150ppmv;其它气室≤250ppmv 机械寿命: 不维修试验5000次;可靠性试验：10000次局部放电: ≤10pc (间隔)5、总体结构252kV H-GIS六氟化硫复合电器由五大元件（断路器、隔离开关、接地开关、电流互感器及终端元件）组成。

浅析HMB-4型液压弹簧操作机构的工作原理及日常运维摘要：电网中断路器液压操作机构可靠性关系到断路器的运行可靠性，乃至电网运行的安全性；HMB-4型液压弹簧操作机构属于维护工作量少，无渗漏，性能优越的操作机构，本文主要对其组成、工作原理、日常运维、常见故障进行简要讲述。

关键词：机构组成；工作原理；运行及维护；故障与处理六氟化硫气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备（GIS）因为其良好的绝缘性能，以及较小的占地空间、较少的维护工作量目前被广泛使用到电厂升压站、变电站，本厂采用西安高压电气研究所电器制造厂生产的ZF1-252型产品，其中断路器液压操作机构采用ABB公司生产的HMB-4型操作机构，运行稳定，可靠性高。

一、HMB-4型操作机构组成（一）机构主要由充压模块、储能模块、工作模块、控制模块、监测模块等组成，如图1所示：图 1 HMB-4液压操作机构机芯外形图1-HMB-4碟簧柱 2-手动泄压阀 3-充油接头 4-活塞杆 5-低压油缸 6-油标7-碟簧柱（非本型号） 8-充压模块 9-油泵电机 10-碳刷 11-储能模块 12-监测模块13-前级换向阀（分闸2） 14-前级换向阀（分闸1） 15-前级换向阀（合闸）16-控制模块（二）液压弹簧操作机构的主要优点：结构紧凑、高可靠性、免维修、磨损极低、内部液压缓冲、工作特性不受温度影响、集成液压回路，不含任何油管、被广泛应用。

二、工作原理（一）操作原理：液压储能缸压缩弹簧进行储能，操作缸进行分合闸操作。

断路器触头的操动力在液压机构里靠差动活塞产生，操动活塞集成在操动机构内。

如图2所示，A1为换向阀轴左端面积，A2为换向阀轴右端面积，A3为换向阀轴右端的面积，其中A3>A2，即分闸；A1+A2>A3，即合闸；图 4合闸操作原理图（二）储能：当机构失压时，行程开关的接点导通，储能电机通电，将油从低压油区泵向高压油区，随着高压油量的增加，高压油推动三个储能活塞运动压缩弹簧，到达预定位置时，行程开关的接点断开，电机停转。

Publication no. 1HDH 418003en Rev.AHydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Type HMB-1Instructions for Operation and MaintenanceOverviewOverviewInstructions for Operation and Maintenance1General2Product Description3Transportation, Storage, Mounting and Commissioning4Operation and Maintenance5Parts Lists6AppendixHydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Type HMB-1Contents of the Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1General1-0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1Please Read This First1-11.1.1Warranty1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1.2Copyright1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2Safety Regulations1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2.1General Notes1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3Validity1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4Explanation of the Type Designation1-21.5Nameplate1-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Product Description2-0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1Design of the HMB-1 Operating Mechanism2-1. . .2.1.1Modules of the Operating Mechanism Components2-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1.2Power Pack2-2. . . . .2.1.3Advantages of the Operating Mechanism HMB-12-2. . . . . . . .3Transportation, Storage, Mounting and Commissioning3-0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.1Transportation3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2Storage3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2.1Packaging3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2.2Requirements for Storage Areas3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.3Mounting3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4Commissioning3-3. . . . . . .3.4.1Manually Operating the Operating Mechanism3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.2Slow Switching Operations3-4. . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.3Deactivating the Close-Position Interlock3-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.4Charging Module3-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5Optional Adjusting Procedures3-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5.1Adjusting the Operating Speeds3-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Operation and Maintenance4-0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1Instructions for the Operation4-1. . . . . .4.1.1Pump Starts and Checks for Internal Tightness4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.2Putting Out of Service4-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.3Oil Level4-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2Troubleshooting4-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.3Checks4-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.4Disposal4-75Parts Lists5-0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.1Spare Parts, General5-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Appendix6-0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.1Technical Data6-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2Tightening Torques for Screws6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3Utilities6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3.1Cleaning Agents6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.4Dimension Diagrams6-3Figure Source List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 1.5-1:Name plate HMB-11-3 Figure 2.1-1:Hydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Power Pack HMB-1,horizontal2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 2.1-2:Hydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Power Pack HMB-1,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vertical2-4 Figure 3.1-1:Transport Unit Power Pack HMB-1, vertical3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 3.4-1:Change-over valve (single-stage)3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 3.4-2:Deactivating the close-position interlock3-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 3.4-3:Pump motor3-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 3.5-1:Working module3-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 4.1-1:Measuring the internal tightness (vertical)4-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 4.1-2:Measuring the internal tightness (horizontal)4-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 4.1-3:Releasing the disc spring assembly (vertical)4-3. . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 4.1-4:Releasing the disc spring assembly (horizontal)4-4 Figure 4.1-5:Oil Level in the Oil Gauge Glass in Mounting Position,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operating Mechanism Tensioned4-5 Figure 6.4-1:Dimension Drawing 1HDH4150056-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 6.4-2:Dimension Drawing 1HDH4150066-5Product Documentation Hydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Type HMB-1General1GeneralContents1.1Please Read This First1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1.1Warranty1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1.2Copyright1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2Safety Regulations1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2.1General Notes1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3Validity1-21.4Explanation of the Type Designation1-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5Nameplate1-31.1Please Read This FirstThe present Operating Instructions have been prepared with great care. They shallenable you to operate our products safely. Should you nevertheless be dissatisfied with these Operating Instructions, please let us know about it.1.1.1WarrantyAccording to our experience, a correct observance of these Operating Instructions will guarantee you a safe operation of our products.Please contact us or our nearest representative if it is no longer possible to operate our products safely because of incorrect or omitted documentation. Our address and telefax number are given on the margin.We will not accept any liability whatsoever for damage arising either directly or in-directly from incorrect operation of our products.Please make sure to use only original spare parts.Subject to technical modifications without notice.1.1.2Copyright We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein.Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority are strictly forbidden.1.2Safety Regulations The following notes serves at your personal safety and avoid damaging the installa-tion and connected components. The superior has to make sure that all employees understood the notes.−Safety regulations are marked in this document by “Signal words”.−Signal words means in this document (acc. to ANSI Z535.4-1991).A text highlighted “Note” always contains information of particular importance.A Text highlighted “caution” always contains information on potential risks to installations and equipment.A TEXT HIGHLIGHTED “WARNING” ALWAYS CONTAINS INFORMATION ON POTENTIAL RISKS AND HAZARDS TO PERSONNEL.We expressly emphasize that the instructions contained in the texts highlighted in the above manner have to be observed without fail. A failure to comply with such instruc-tions will lead to an immediate invalidation of any associated warranties.To our Customers ABB AGPower TechnologiesKallstadter Str. 168309 MannheimGermanyTel: +49(0)6213813000Fax: +49(0)6213812645E-Mail: powertech@Internet: Note CAUTION WARNING!1.2.1General NotesImproper handling and nonobservance of the indicated reference documentations andregulations may bring about potential risks and hazards to personnel. All valid techni-cal rules for service and maintenance as well as the correspondent accident preven-tion regulations shall be applied as the case may be.The following shall be, among others, considered as especial sources of danger:−Mechanically moving parts−Parts tensioned by springs−Live parts−Hydraulic high pressure in the systemWARNING!DISK SPRING COLUMN MECHANICALLY PRECHARGED WITH HIGH TENSIONFORCES.DISASSEMBLY OF DISK SPRINGS SHOULD BE HANDLED BY AUTHORIZED PER-SONNEL ONLY ACCORDING TO ABB PROCEDURE AND SAFETY REGULATION.1.3ValidityThe present Operating Instructions are valid for the hydraulic spring operating mech-anism of the serie HMB-1. The documentation for the complete substation is in anycase the authoritative reference and valid for these instructions.The instructions in this manual correspond to the state-of-the-art technology and ex-tensive tests and experiences. Due to the numerous possibilities of the installationthis instructions can only supply notes for a good application and are not applicable inevery individual case. Therefore no bindings can be derived from this instructions. Wealways recommand tests before the general operation.1.4Explanation of the Type DesignationThe full Type designations are HMB-4.1 with the rated switching sequence O-CO.1.5NameplateExample:Figure 1.5-1: Name plate HMB-1Product Description2Product DescriptionContents2.1Design of the HMB-1 Operating Mechanism2-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .2.1.1Modules of the Operating Mechanism Components2-12.1.2Power Pack2-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .2.1.3Advantages of the Operating Mechanisms HMB-12-2Product Documentation Hydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Type HMB-1Product Description2.1Design of the HMB-1 Operating Mechanism2.1.1Modules of the Operating Mechanism ComponentsThe modular design and the main components of the Operating Mechanism HMB-1are shown in Figure 2.1-1.The modules are:S Charging moduleS Storage moduleS Working moduleS Control moduleS Monitoring moduleThe technical concept of the hydraulic spring operating mechanism achieves a com-pact design by combining the mechanical energy storage in disc springs and the hy-draulic operating and control principles.The force of the disc spring assembly acts on three storage pistons. On the storagepistons, the mechanical energy values spring force and spring travel are converted tothe hydraulic energy values pressure and volume. The hydraulic power transmission(oil column) between the high-pressure store and the operating cylinder serves as aquickly switching changeover variator for the CLOSE- and OPEN-operation and en-ables besides it a simple setting of the switching speeds by means of the throttlescrews.The operating mechanism control and the energy transmission are based on thefield-proven structural elements of the hydraulic operating technology such as thehigh-pressure hydraulic pump, storage piston, pilot and changeover valves as well asone operating piston with an integrated hydraulic end position damping.For the HMB circuit-breaker operating mechanism, an easy-to-install and service-friendly, modular design has been chosen, integrating the hydraulic control and oper-ating functions in aluminium modules. The hydraulic spring operating mechanism donot have any hydraulic pipework. All modules are interconnected by means of flangesin a modular design.The operating mechanism of the serie HMB-1 are manufactured in two types:1.Power Pack2.Extended Power PackThe hydraulic operating unit “Power Pack” comprises the units charging, working,control, monitoring and storage modules. In the second type variant, the Power Packis completed by the extension module of the auxiliary switch.2.1.2Power PackThe design of the operating mechanism HMB-1 is characterized by reliable, modularexpandability. The lateral arranged disc spring assembly provides a wide spectrum ofapplications.2.1.3Advantages of the Operating Mechanism HMB-1The main advantages of the hydraulic spring operating mechanism are:S Compact designS High dependabilityS Maintenance-freeS Extremely low rate of wearS Internal hydraulic dampingS No temperature influence on stored energyS Very small oil quantityS Enhanced modular design without pipework1−Disc spring assembly 2−High pressure connector (pressure gauge port)3−Low pressure connector 4−Oil gauge glass 5−Pressure release lever 6−Spring tension indicator7−Oil release lever 8−OFF-solenoid 9−Pump motor 10−Change over valve 11−ON-solenoid 12−Storage module 13−Working module 14−Low pressure tank15−Pump module16−Throttle screw OFF 17−Throttle screw ON 18−Spring travel switch 13678911104125Figure 2.1-1: Hydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Power Pack HMB-1, horizontal12367894171651−Disc spring assembly 2−High pressure connector (pressure gauge port)3−Low pressure connector 4−Oil gauge glass 5−Pressure release lever 6−Spring tension indicator7−Oil release lever 8−OFF-solenoid 9−Pump motor 10−Change over valve 11−ON-solenoid 12−Storage module 13−Working module 14−Low pressure tank15−Pump module16−Throttle screw OFF 17−Throttle screw ON 18−Spring travel switch 18Figure 2.1-2: Hydraulic Spring Operating Mechanism Power Pack HMB-1, vertical3Transportation, Storage, Mounting andCommissioningContents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.1Transportation3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2Storage3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2.1Packaging3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2.2Requirements for Storage Areas3-23.3Mounting3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4Commissioning3-33.4.1Manually Operating the Operating Mechanism3-3. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.2Slow Switching Operations3-4. . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.3Deactivating the Close-Position Interlock3-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.4Charging Module3-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5Optional Adjusting Procedures3-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5.1Adjusting the Operating Speeds3-63.1TransportationA faultless functioning of the hydraulic spring operating mechanism can only be se-cured in case of a proper transportation of the operating mechanism. The permissible mode of transportation for the hydraulic spring operating mechanism HMB-1 is shown in Figure 3.1-1.12354 (2x)1−Fork-lift truck 2−Lifting truck 3−Crane 4−Eye-bolt (M16) 5−ShackleFigure 3.1-1: Transport Unit Power Pack HMB-1, vertical3.2StorageThe operating mechanism are shipped as shipping units.3.2.1PackagingIf no other instructions are given, the delivered components have to stay in their orig-inal packaging. Shipping units which are deliverd in closed and undamaged wrapping are to handle with care and have to be unwrapped only when required.Shipping units with damaged wrapping have to be unwrapped immediately. Damages due to transport have to be taken down and to be reported to the responsible ABB-repre-sentative.3.2.2Requirements for Storage Areas The shipping units shall be stored in well ventilated rooms and protected against dirt,damage, rain and intensive solar radiation.The room air of the storage place must not be condensing or contaminated by dust,smoke, corrosive or combustible gases, vapours or salts.The maximum permissible ambient temperatures of the storage place −30 through +40 degrees Celsius.As to the sealing materials (i.E. O-rings), their limited shelf life shall be observed (max.5 years after the beginning of storage).The maximum permissible ambient temperatures of the storage place +5 through +20 degrees Celsius.3.3Mounting The mounting on the circuit-breaker shall be done according to the instructions of the circuit-breaker manufacturer.Transversal forces acting on the piston rod shall be avoided by aligned mounting and/or the corresponding design of the operating mechanism support. Normally, the piston rod acts on a slide bushing or by means of a connecting rod on a rotating bushing. A linear guide is provided for the latter in order to avoid impermissible transversal forces.Note Note Note3.4CommissioningThe commissioning protocols of the circuit-breaker concerning the operating mechan-ism shall be observed.Prior to the commissioning, visual checks as per Chapter 4.3 shall be performed.All adjustments are already factory-made and -fixed. Readjustments can be therefore left out during the commissioning. At the commissioning, the disc spring assembly of the operating mechanism shall be tensioned and the operating mechanism coupled with the circuit-breaker shall be manually switched on and off several times. The monitoring functions of the spring travel switch and the auxiliary switch shall be checked.Functional tests shall be performed after the completion of the commissioning work and immediately before the start of the regular operation and after maintenance work as well (Chapter 4.3). Functional tests may only be performed when the circuit-breaker is disconnected from the high voltage system, there is at least blocking pres-sure in the SF 6-room and the disc springs are tensioned.3.4.1Manually Operating the Operating Mechanism It is possible to trigger the circuit-breaker by hand via the hand plungers of the pilot valves (Figure 3.4-1). A manual triggering serves only to check the reliability perform-ance in case of servicing or maintenance work and does not represent any normal operational case. The circuit-breaker may only be triggered if the disc spring assem-bly is tensioned and if there is at least SF 6-blocking pressure in the SF 6-gas compart-ment of the circuit-breaker.In this case the electrical interlocks are cancelled. The warning and danger instructions given in chapter 1 shall be imperatively observed.1−ON-solenoid 2−OFF-solenoid 21Figure 3.4-1: Change-over valve (single-stage)CAUTION3.4.2Slow Switching OperationsSlow switching operations do not represent any in-service operations. If nevertheless slow switching operations must be performed, they shall only be performed by per-sonnel authorized for this.Acc. to chapter 3.4.3 the close-position interlock shall be deactivated.3.4.3Deactivating the Close-Position InterlockIf the operating mechanism is operated under reduced pressure or the piston rod is operated in unpressurized condition linearly due to maintenance work, the close-posi-tion interlock (optional) shall be deactivated.1.Remove the screw cap (16).2.Screw cylinder bolt (17) DIN 912 M8 x 25 with sealing ring (USIT-ring) (18)8.7/13 x 1 into interlocking bolt (19) and screw cylinder bolt (17) until the in-terlocking bolt (19) is securely withdrawn.3.The operative piston can be moved without interlock.In case the screw cap (16) is unscrewed, a very small quantity of oil may trickle out of the housing. This oil loss may be neglected when restarting the mechanism.When the work on the operating mechanism is completed, the close-position interlock (20) shall be in any case reactivated. The activation shall be done reversely to the procedure described above.Prior to switching on the pump motor, the changeover valve shall be switched to the OPEN position. For this press the rubber caps of the OPEN-solenoids with your thumb. Thereby it is prevented that the changeover valves stand in an intermediate position while the operating mechanism is unpressurized and the disc spring assem-bly cannot be tensioned (pressure cannot be built up). Pressurize the operating mechanism and switch it on and off several times.2016191817Figure 3.4-2: Deactivating the close-position interlock Note Note3.4.4Charging ModuleThe pump motor of the operating mechanism has been designed for a short-time operation and is not suitable for continuous operation.Even at installation and maintenance is to make sure that in a duration of 1800 seconds the maximum permissible running time of the pump motor of 180 seconds is not excee-ded.In case of exceeding the maximum permissible running time a sufficient cooling for the motor shall be provided.The collector and the carbon brushes shall be checked after approx. 5 years. The carbon brushes are wear parts to replace when their length has diminished below 11 mm (Figure 3.4-3).1−Carbon brushes 2−Pump motor 12w 1111Figure 3.4-3: Pump motor NoteTransportation, Storage, Mounting and Commissioning3.5Optional Adjusting Procedures3.5.1Adjusting the Operating SpeedsThe operating speeds of the operating mechanism are preset already in the factory.A resetting or readjustment is only necessary in exceptional cases.The operating speeds for the CLOSE- and OPEN-operation can be adjusted,independently of each other with the throttle screws available on the control module.The operating speeds may only be adjusted when the disc spring assembly is untensioned. For this operate the pressure release lever and untension the disc spring assembly slowly by lowering the system pressure.Loosen the locknut of the throttle screw (1 resp. 2) and adjust the operating speed byturning the throttle screw (Figure 3.5-1). The operating speed diminishes when the throttle screw (1 resp. 2) is turned right and increases when it is turned left.After the adjustment retighten the locknut (3).2311−Throttle screw CLOSE 2−Throttle screw OPEN 3−Locknut Figure 3.5-1: Working module CAUTION4Operation and MaintenanceContents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1Instructions for the Operation4-1. . . . . .4.1.1Pump Starts and Checks for Internal Tightness4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.2Putting Out of Service4-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.3Oil Level4-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2Troubleshooting4-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.3Checks4-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.4Disposal4-74.1Instructions for the OperationThe chapter below contains instructions for triggering and operation of the hydraulic spring operating mechanism HMB-1.4.1.1Pump Starts and Checks for Internal TightnessThe gaskets and valves used in the hydraulic system provide maximum technical tightness. Minimum leakages on metallic sealing seats may cause minimum losses of spring tension, which are compensated by automatic pump starts.Different operating mechanism − also from one delivery − may show statistically cau-sed different amounts of pump starts per day. This affects in no way the life cycle of the operating mechanism and represents no defect.Up to 10 pump starts per day are permissible, even when the breaker is not operated.With more than 10 pump starts the operating mechanism shall be monitored. Upon more than 20 pump starts per day the manufacturer shall be contacted.When deter-mining the pump start numbers, the pump starts caused by switching operations (CLOSE or OPEN) shall be deducted from the total number of the pump starts. All specifications refer to the monthly avarage.The leak test shall be done during a period of at least eight hours in the operating positions CLOSE and OPEN. The test procedure is to bring the circuit-breaker into the corresponding position and to tension the disc spring assembly. An automatic pump start is to prevent by disconnecting the motor supply conductors or by switching off the miniature circuit-breakers in the motor circuit.The following data shall be recorded in the test protocol:−Time −Difference of the spring travel A (Measure changes as per Figure 4.1-1)The spring tension may diminish by 30 mm per 24 hours (with switched-off pump motor).ABB AGPower TechnologiesKallstadter Str. 168309 MannheimGermanyTel: +49(0)6213813000Fax: +49(0)6213812645E-Mail: powertech@Internet: Figure 4.1-1: Measuring the internal tightness (vertical)Figure 4.1-2: Measuring the internal tightness (horizontal)AUTOMATIC STARTING OF THE PUMP AND THE PERFORMANCE OF SWITCHING OPERATIONS ARE TO PREVENT BY REMOVING THE ELECTRICAL CONNEC-TIONS OR SWITCHING OFF THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE.MANUAL DISCHARGING OF THE SYSTEM PRESSURE IS TO PREVENT BY PUT-TING THE SPRING COTTER IN (PRESSURE DRAIN LEVER BLOCKS).In the case of open enclosure there is squeezing danger in the range of the disc spring column and the movable parts!WARNING!CAUTION4.1.2Putting Out of ServiceWhen doing maintenance work on the operating mechanism, the circuit-breaker shall be put out of service.AN AUTOMATIC START OF THE PUMP MOTOR SHALL BE PREVENTED BY DIS-CONNECTING THE ELECTRICAL MOTOR CONNECTORS OR SWITCHING OFF THE MINIATURE CIRCUIT-BREAKER.Pull the spring cotter (1) and release the disc spring assembly (3) by pushing thepressure release lever (1), (operating mechanism unpressurised, Figure 4.1-3 and Figure 4.1-4).With opened housing in the area of the disk spring assembly and movable partsthe risk of squashing is given.1−Spring cotter2−Pressure release lever3−Disc spring assemblyFigure 4.1-3: Releasing the disc spring assembly (vertical)WARNING!CAUTION。

ABB ELK-14/252型GISABB推出的第五代ELK-14/252型GIS，断路器水平布置，单断口设计，大量运用最先进的三相共筒技术，将可靠性与紧凑型完美结合，只有断路器和电缆终端筒采用单相技术。

考虑到220 kV变电站需要单相重合闸，故断路器仍采用单相分筒式断路器（ELK-SP14），其开断短路能力最高可达63 kA（3 s）。

ELK-14/252型GIS采用成熟的压气式灭弧室。

经过多年的研究和生产经验，发现自能式灭弧技术在吹弧时需要电弧产生足够的能量，燃弧时间较长，触头烧蚀和磨损较多，而且短路电流越大，灭弧室内的压力越大，对部件的要求也越高，所以目前自能灭弧技术主要应用于开断短路能力不大于40 kA的断路器。

但ELK-14/252型GIS采用的CPUI灭弧室在压气基础上增加了一个空载操作压力限制阀，这样开断小电流时可以避免由于操动机构操作功很大而导致灭弧速度过快（可能产生过电压），从而确保可靠开断小电流。

开断大电流时，燃弧区压力推动并关闭压力限制阀，确保操动机构的巨大能量可以带动灭弧室并产生足够的灭弧压力。

该型GIS采用ABB专利的HMB系列碟簧储能液压机构，它与液压机构相比，其液压系统主要起传动作用，无需长期承载储能压力，漏油几率较小，而且无任何外露油管，基本不会外漏油；与弹簧机构相比，碟簧比拉簧或卷簧具有更高的机械应力和能量储存密度，机械特性更稳定，寿命更长。

HMB系列弹簧储能液压机构广泛用于ABB全系列GIS、罐式断路器、发电机出口断路器，至今已有超过万台产品在世界各地运行。

隔离开关和维护接地开关采用三工位设计，隔离、接地共用一个动触头，完全避免了隔离、接地同时合上的误操作，使结构更加紧凑，其操动机构采用三相同步直接马达电动驱动。

电流互感器线圈安装在断路器两侧的分相模块中，单侧可以适用5个线圈。

电压互感器和避雷器采用三相共筒式设计。

盆式隔离绝缘子外圈配置有金属环，可以形成等电位的金属外壳，使间隔接地更加方便和可靠。

德国ABB HMB-8型断路器操作机构常见故障分析作者：史磊来源：《西部论丛》2019年第30期摘要：HMB-8.2型断路器为目前较常见的高压断路器操作机构，断路器操作机构故障少，维护工作量小，本文阐述了某发电公司500kV GIS断路器从投产以来发生过的故障及故障原因查找处理方法。

关键词：断路器;液压油泵;频繁打压;开关拒分拒合一、设备概况某电厂500kV GIS断路器液压操作机构是德国ABB公司生产的HMB-8型操作机构，此液压操作机构的主要优点是：1.结构紧凑 2.高可靠性 3.免维修 4.磨损极低 5.内部液压缓冲 6.工作特性不受温度影响 7.油量少，即使在全部漏油情况下（概率极低），外壳也可容纳所有油量8.集成液压回路，不含任何油管 9.广泛适用于自能式断路器。

该厂自2005年12月投产至今，500kV GIS断路器曾发生过断路器拒分拒合故障及液压油泵频繁打压故障，本文主要针对这两种故障进行分析及分享处理方法。

二、断路器液压操作机构结构示意图三、液压机构频繁打压故障1、液压油泵频繁打压的危害1.1储能模块、工作缸内活塞频繁压缩，使密封圈等密封件磨损显著增大，甚至或扫磨损，易造成机构内漏或使内漏不断加剧，故障扩大（机构压力低闭锁）。

1.2由于油中杂质引起的频繁打压，使运动部件之间的磨损加剧，划伤模块、工作缸内壁及活塞的机会增加。

1.3二次回路接触器接点烧损严重。

1.4电机启动频繁易烧损整流元件。

一般来说，对于HMB-8型液压操作机构，由于存在密封圈等薄弱密封环节，机构24h内启动1-3次可视为正常。

在断路器无操作或操作较少的情况下，油泵如果平均每天启动10次或每月启动超过300次，可以视为频繁打压故障（现场以报警或计数器为判据）。

HMB-8型液压操作机构频繁打压判据为24h内电机启动20次以上，此时需要对机构进行检查、处理。

2、引起液压油泵频繁打压原因2.1液压油外漏造成油压下降。

如模块连接处或密封面有滲油处、放油阀密封不严。

HMB系列液压弹簧机构频繁打压故障分析【摘要】本文针对某220kV变电站HMB系列液压弹簧机构在运行一段时间后，A相操作机构油泵出现频繁打压的故障现象，再对其操作机构进行解体检查，根据结构原理分析出有可能导致频繁打压的种种原因。

通过详细观察判断及现场机构的开盖检查验证，终于寻找出故障的原因，并提出相应的解决方法，可为其他变电站同类型一次设备的运行维护和故障处理提供借鉴和参考。

【关键词】液压弹簧操作机构；频繁打压；故障处理前言HMB系列液压弹簧操作机构适用于高压罐式断路器及瓷柱式断路器。

液压弹簧操作机构的主要特点是由碟簧作为储能元件，能量高度可靠的存储在碟簧内，利用液压油作为载体来传递动力，能量的传输由液压活塞完成，断路器的缓冲集中在液压系统中，由于可动零部件较少，操作原理简单，液压弹簧操作机构逐渐受到广泛应用。

1、液压弹簧机构工作原理1.1机构储能当碟簧释能后，行程开关的节点导通使得电机启动后带动油泵转动，液压油从低压油腔向高压油腔流动，由于高压油量的增多，油泵输出的高压油推动3个储能模块的活塞向下运动压缩碟簧进行储能。

储能到位时，行程开关切断电动机回路，电机停转，储能过程结束。

由于密封系统的作用，弹簧被保持在压缩状态。

当操作后或泄压到一定值时，行程开关接通电机启动再次补压到碟簧储能完毕。

1.2合闸操作当碟簧处于储能状态时，机构工作缸活塞上部始终为高压油，合闸线圈收到合闸信号后励磁动作，控制阀切换至合闸位置，活塞杆底部与高压油相通，此时传动杆上下都是高压油，利用压差的原理，即传动杆下面的面积大于上面的面积，使活塞杆向上运动，断路器完成合闸。

1.3分闸操作当分闸线圈收到分闸信号后励磁动作，控制阀切换到分闸位置，活塞杆下方的高压油与低压油箱连通而转换成低压油，活塞杆上部的高压油推动传动杆向下运动，带动断路器完成分闸操作，并带动辅助开关切换 , 切断分闸回路 , 为下次合闸作好准备。

由于活塞杆上部是高压油，活塞杆下部是低压油，这样活塞杆被牢牢控制在分闸位置。

浅谈液压弹簧操动机构对断路器分合闸的有效性作者：***来源：《机电信息》2020年第29期摘要：上海华电奉贤热电有限公司在对并网间隔三相机械联动断路器进行优化改造时，选用了HMB-8.3型液压弹簧操动机构。

现对这种液压弹簧操动机构在三相机械联动断路器分合闸时的有效性进行了分析，实践证明，三相机械联动断路器配备HMB-8.3型液压弹簧操动机构具有显著优势。

关键词：GIS;HMB-8.3型液压弹簧操动机构;三相机械联动断路器0 引言上海华电奉贤热电有限公司220 kV母线采用1套IFT-252型GIS设备，双母线双分段共设19个间隔。

其中#52主变间隔和#62主变间隔作为汽机发电机的并网间隔，采用的是三相电气联动结构的断路器。

GIS设备自投产以来已安全运行两年多，但机组并网用断路器采用的是三相电气联动操作机构，在结构上没有三相机械联动可靠，存在发电机非全相运行的可能。

同时，根据国家电网及国家能源局的防止电力生产事故的十八项及二十五项措施要求：“220 kV 及以下电压等级机组的并网间隔断路器应采用三相机械联动式结构。

”因此，公司将两台机组并网用断路器由三相电气联动结构改为三相机械联动结构。

1 IFT-252 GIS三相机械联动断路器介绍2014年，特变电工中发上海高压开关有限公司为了满足市场需求，在220 kV GIS原单相操作的基础上，开发了IFT-252型GIS三相机械联动断路器，它由三相断路器本体、液压弹簧机构、传动系统、机构箱等部分组成，其外形结构如图1所示。

该三相机械联动断路器为水平式布置，采用多连杆的传动机构将断路器的三相与灭弧室有效连接起来。

IFT-252型GIS断路器三相机械联动操作机构配用技术成熟、质量可靠的德国ABB公司生产的HMB-8.3型液压弹簧操动机构。

HMB系列液压弹簧操动机构在瑞士ABB公司及中国高压开关行业500 kV及以下的机组上得到了普遍应用，并且在电力系统中的运行时间最长，已接近40年。

防慢分装置工作原理HMB
基于对断路器及液压操动机构传动系统的分析，设计了一套防慢分装置。

断路器处于合闸位置时，防慢分装置可以对传动系统中连板施加力，当液压系统失压时，该力可以平衡断路器本体对连板的反力，从而使断路器触头保持在合闸位置，实现了液压系统失压，断路器防慢分功能。

防慢分装置主要包含上、下两部分，采用对称布置的方式。

在连板上、下两侧各布置了一个杠杆式防慢分结构，将碟簧组件的输出力通过杠杆传递到杠杆前端的顶杆，顶杆顶在连板的外侧圆弧面上，其水平分力用于平衡断路器本体对连板作用的水平分力。

防慢分装置的动作原理：防慢分装置中杠杆可以绕轴销转动。

防慢分装置中上、下两个碟簧组件重的芯杆在碟簧组预压缩力的作用下顶紧在杠杆上，将力传到前端的调节螺栓上。

液压弹簧操作机构运行和维护指导HMB-4/-8型1HDH 118 041 de Rev. D文件号HMB-4/-8型液压弹簧操作机构总目录1 概述2 产品说明3 运输，存储，安装和投入运行4 运行和维护5 零件表6 附录HMB-4/-8型液压弹簧操作机构图目录图 1.5-1: 铭牌 (7)图 2.1-1: HMB-4/-8机芯 (10)图 2.1-2: HMB-4 扩展型机芯 (11)图 2.1-3: HMB-4/-8整机 (12)图 3.1-1: HMB-4/-8整机的运输 (13)图 3.1-2: HMB-4/-8（扩展型）机芯的运输 (14)图 3.1-3: HMB-4/-8（扩展型）机芯的运输 (15)图 3.4-1: 储能活塞的检查 / 对中心调整 (17)图 3.4-2: 控制模块 (18)图 3.4-3: 使失压防慢分装置失去作用 (20)图 3.4-4: 油泵电机 (21)图 3.5-1: 控制模块 (22)图 4.1-1: 内部密封的测量 (24)图 4.1-2: 碟簧柱释压 (25)图 4.1-3: 安装位置（垂直或水平）的充油油位，机构已储能 (26)图 4.3-1: 携动块和防扭块的润滑 (28)图 6.4-1: 外形尺寸图 1HDH 115 001, HMB-4 机芯 (35)图 6.4-2: 外形尺寸图1HDH 115 002, HMB-4 扩展型机芯 (36)图 6.4-3: 外形尺寸图 1HDH 115 000, HMB-4/-8 整机 (37)图 6.4-4: 外形尺寸图 1HDH 115 003, HMB-8 机芯 (38)图 6.4-5: 外形尺寸图 1HDH 115 004, HMB-8 扩展型机芯 (39)图 6.4-6: 外形尺寸图 1HDH 115 013, HMB-4 整机 (40)图 6.4-7: 外形尺寸图 1HDH 115 035, HMB-4 扩展型机芯 (41)HMB-4/-8型液压弹簧操作机构目录总目录 (1)图目录 (2)目录 (3)1概述 (5)1.1请先阅读 (5)1.1.1使用保证 (5)1.1.2版权 (5)1.2安全提示 (5)1.2.1一般性提示 (6)1.3有效性 (6)1.4型号说明 (6)1.5铭牌 (7)2产品说明 (8)HMB-4/-8 型操作机构的结构 (8)2.1.1机构的部件-模块 (8)2.1.2机芯 (9)2.1.3扩展型机芯 (9)2.1.4整机 (9)2.1.5HMB-4 /-8 型操作机构的优点 (9)3运输，存储，安装和投入运行 (13)3.1运输 (13)3.1.1整机的运输 (13)3.1.2（扩展型）机芯的运输，垂直式 (14)3.1.3（扩展型）机芯的运输，水平式 (15)3.2存储 (16)3.2.1包装 (16)3.2.2对存储区域的要求 (16)3.3安装 (16)3.4投入运行 (17)3.4.1机构的手动操作 (18)3.4.2慢操作 (19)3.4.3使失压防慢分装置失去作用 (20)3.4.4充压模块 (21)3.5可选性调整 (22)3.5.1开关速度的调整 (22)4运行和维护 (23)4.1运行提示 (23)4.1.1油泵起动和内部泄漏的检查 (23)4.1.2退出运行 (25)4.1.3油位 (26)4.2常见故障的排除 (27)4.3检查 (28)4.4回收 (29)5零件表 (30)5.1备品备件，一般性信息 (30)6附录 (31)6.1技术数据 (31)6.1.1HMB-4.x (31)6.1.2HMB-8.x (32)6.2螺栓的拧紧转距 (33)6.3运行材料 (33)6.3.1清洁剂 (33)6.4外形尺寸图 (34)1 概述1.1请先阅读 我们认真撰写了这本产品说明书，以便让我们的客户能安全地使用我们的产品。

HMB-4型液压弹簧操作机构频繁打压故障的现场检修韩筱慧，闻飞翔，费宇，卞寅飞，王彪，姚继星【摘要】HMB-4型液压弹簧操作机构因其结构紧凑、可靠性高、传动效率高等优点，逐渐得到广泛应用，但与其他型号的液压操作机构相比，现场检修经验缺乏。

以国网浙江省电力公司嘉兴供电公司一起HMB-4型液压弹簧操作机构频繁打压故障的现场消缺为例，通过对频繁打压故障原因的分析，以现场实际检修经验为依据，总结该型号操作机构频繁打压故障的现场检修策略，为今后现场检修提供依据。

【期刊名称】浙江电力【年(卷),期】2015(000)004【总页数】4【关键词】HMB-4；操作机构；频繁打压；现场检修0 引言统计数据表明，65%的高压断路器故障是由操作机构异常引起的[1]，其中，液压操作机构频繁打压是常见故障之一。

HMB-4型液压弹簧操作机构是ABB公司在其AHMA型液压弹簧机构的基础上发展起来的产品，自1997年推向市场以来逐渐得到广泛应用，但因其结构较为特殊，相比其他型号的液压操作机构[2-5]，该型产品故障原因分析及检修策略方面的研究较少。

2013年7月23日，国网嘉兴供电公司某220 kV变电站2号主变压器220 kV断路器C相液压弹簧机构出现油泵频繁打压故障，经现场检修处理，最终消除故障。

该起故障的检修策略和经验有一定参考价值。

1 基本结构和工作原理1.1 操作机构组成及功能HMB-4型操作机构采用模块式结构，所有液压控制和操作功能都集成在金属模块中，用法兰径向安装在工作缸周围，模块与工作缸间用密封联结件作为液压油通道，具有结构紧凑、可靠性高、传动效率高等优点，其主要部件按功能分为五大模块，操作机构结构如图1所示。

五大模块的功能如下：（1）充压模块主要包括电动机、液压柱塞泵和齿轮传动装置等，电动机将电能转变成机械能，再转换成液压能。

（2）储能模块主要包括储压器及储压活塞等，储能活塞作用于碟簧上，通过压缩碟簧储能。

（3）工作模块主要包括工作缸、活塞杆和阻尼系统，采用常充压差动式结构，高压油恒作用于有杆侧。