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广州大学2010年研究生入学考试试题（全日制专业学位硕士）（部分）招生领域：教育硕士科目名称：语言学基础科目代码：916Part I Multiple Choice Questions (40marks,2marks each)Directions: Read the following statements carefully and choose the best answer from the four alternatives. Put your choices on the Answer Sheet.( ) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human .A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community( ) 2. which brand of linguistics studies the meanings of language?A. phoneticsB. syntaxC. semanticsD. phonology( ) 3. which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. acoustic phoneticsB. articulatory phoneticsC. auditory phoneticsD. none of the above( ) 4. in English –ise and –tion are called .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. free morphemes( ) 5. is a field of linguistics that studies the sentences structure of language.A. morphologyB. syntaxC. pragmaticsD. applied linguistics( ) 6. cold and hot are a pair of antonyms.A. gradableB. complementaryC. reversalD. converseness( ) 7. speech act theory was proposed by in 1962.A. SaussureB. AustinC. ChomskyD. Grimm( ) 8. is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.A. competenceB. performanceC. learningD. acquisition( ) 9. which description of the meaning components of the word “mother”is correct?A. +human, +adult, —maleB. +human, —adult, +maleC. —human, +adult, —maleD. +human, +adult, +male( ) 10. most of the violations of the maxims of the cooperative principle give rise to .A.breakdown of conversationB. confusion of one’s intentionC.hostility between speakers and listenersD.conversational implicatures( ) 11. according to sequential rules in English, which of the following combinations of sounds is not possible in English?A. bilkB. blikC. kilbD. lbki( ) 12. /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning, therefore they are .A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. a minimal pairD. allophones( ) 13. is regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.A. SearleB. ChomskyC. AustinD. Saussure( ) 14. the fact that children acquire spoken language before they can read or write indicates that language is primarily .A. spokenB. arbitraryC. human-specificD. written( ) 15. of the following items, which one does not belong to the same syntactic category?A. the studentB. likedC. an ideaD. the linguistic lecture( ) 16.the naming theory seems applicable to only.A. verbsB. adjectivesC. adverbsD. nouns( ) 17.which of the following statements is not used by the speaker to perform certain acts?A.“I name this ship Elizabeth.”B.“ I visited my uncle last Sunday.”C.“I give and bequeath my watch to my brother.”D.“I bet you sit pence it will rain tomorrow.”( ) 18.according to its in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.A. meaningB. functionC. positionD. sound( ) 19.which of the following is not included in the advantages of a constituent structure tree?A.it reveals the linear word order of a sentence.B.It shows the hierarchical structure of a sentence.C.It illustrates the syntactic category of each structural constituent.D.It emphasizes the main suprasegmental features of a sentence.( ) 20.which one of the following is not a common English address term?A. first nameB. title aloneC. title, +first nameD. kin termPart II true or false questions (20marks, 2marks each )Directions: decide whether the following statements are true or false. Use T for “true”and F for “false”. Write down your answers on the answer sheet.( ) 1. the British linguist Noam Chomsky is generally seen as the founder of modern linguistics.( ) 2. creativity is a term used to describe the ability of human language users to discuss topics which are remote in space and time.( ) 3. modern linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is prescriptive. ( ) 4. M.A.K Halliday is well-known for the two concepts of competence and performance which he first put forward in his book Aspects of The Theory of Syntax. ( ) 5. of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established and until recently the most highly developed, is articulatory phonetics.( ) 6. the English language is a typical tone language.( ) 7. Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.( ) 8. the lexical change as shown in “the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization UNESCO” is called acronym.( ) 9. morphology studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.( ) 10. phrase structure rules provide explanations on how syntactic categories are formed and sentences generated.Part III define four of the following terms (20 marks, 5 marks each)Write down your answers on the answer sheet.1.duality2.suprasegmental features3.Immediate Constituent ( IC ) analysis4.Fossilization5.CreolePart IV complete 3 of the following tasks with the help of your linguistic knowledge. (30 marks, 10 marks each)Write your answer on the answer sheet.1.state the phonetic feature or features which each group of sounds listed belowshare.⑴[p] [b] [m]⑵[g] [p] [t] [d] [k] [b]⑶[u] [ɒ] [u:]2.describe this short exchange in terms of the actions performed by the speaker.⑴Charlie: Are you coming to the party tonight?⑵Lora: I’ve got an exam tomorrow.e 2 tree diagrams to illustrate the 2 meanings of the following sentence.The boy repairs the bicycle in the house.4.study the following extract and tell what devices are used to achieve itscohesion.“And what about interviewing, because you interview a number of politicians like, well, the Prime Minister or the Chancellor or the Exchequer. Is that an easy thing to do, and how difficult is it when you’re interviewing people that you don’t particularly agree with or who get difficult with you during an interview?”Part V. Essay questions. (40 marks, 20 marks for each)Directions: choose two of the following topics and write a short essay on each of them. Write your answer on the answer sheet.1.the mostly widely accepted definition of language is “a system of arbitraryvocal symbols used for human communication”. Please give a detailed explanation of this definition in your own words.2.in the field of language study, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax,semantics and pragmatics are jointly called micro-linguistics which focuses on the study of language itself. Please tell what specifically each branch ofmicro-linguistics studies.3.linguistics is closely related to foreign language teaching in the sense thatmost foreign language teaching methods get their theoretical support from linguistic theories. Please take one of the foreign language teaching methods( grammar-translation method, audio-lingual method or communicative language teaching or any one else) as an example, to illustrate the influence of linguistics on forei gn language teaching.。
广东外语外贸大学全日制汉语国际教育硕士专业学位研究生2010年入学考试大纲2010年汉语国际教育硕士专业学位研究生入学考试包括政治理论、外国语、汉语基础与汉语国际教育基础四门。
政治理论采用与学术型专业相同的统考政治理论试题，满分为100分。
外国语采用统考英语（日语、俄语），其它小语种可选用统考试题，满分为100分。
汉语基础与汉语国际教育基础，由本招生单位根据教育指导委员会提出的指导性考试大纲自行命制，满分均为150分。
汉语基础考试大纲一、考试性质汉语基础考试是汉语国际教育硕士生入学考试科目之一，是由汉语国际教育硕士专业学位教育指导委员会统一制定考试大纲，教育部授权的各汉语国际教育硕士生招生院校自行命题的选拔性考试。
本考试大纲的制定，力求反映汉语国际教育硕士专业学位的特点，科学、公平、准确、规范地测评考生的相关知识基础、基本素质和综合能力。
汉语基础考试的目的是测试考生的汉语语言学相关基础知识和汉语语言分析及运用能力。
二、评价目标1．要求考生具有较全面的汉语语言学基础知识。
2．要求考生具有较高的汉语应用能力。
3．要求考生具有较强的汉语语言分析能力。
三、考试内容汉语基础考试由“汉语语言学基础知识”、“汉语应用能力”和“汉语语言分析”三部分组成。
（一）汉语语言学基础知识汉语语言学基础知识部分测试以下内容：1.语言学基础2.汉语概况3.现代汉语语音4.现代汉语词汇5.现代汉语语法6.汉字（二）汉语应用能力汉语应用能力考试测试以下内容：1. 辨音和标音能力2. 字形、字义辨别能力及汉字书写规范3. 词汇、语法规范（三）汉语语言分析汉语语言分析考试测试以下内容：1.语音分析2.词义分析3.语法分析四、考试形式和试卷结构（一）考试时间考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成。
答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。
（三）试卷满分及考查内容分数分配试卷满分为150分。
其中汉语语言学基础知识80分，汉语应用能力30分，汉语语言分析40分。
广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题专业：汉语国际教育考试科目：汉语基础考生须知1．本试卷共 7 页。
2．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题册上无效。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。
4．考试时间为 3 小时，成绩满分 150 分。
广东外语外贸大学研究生入学考试汉语国际教育专业《汉语基础》试题壹汉语语言学基础知识（共60分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共25分）1．现代汉语普通话以为语法规范。
2．与印欧语系语言相比，汉语在语法上最大的特点是。
3．现代汉语方言中，赣方言的代表话是。
4．元音与辅音的区别是。
5．普通话声母g、k、h从发音部位上看属于。
6．同一个语音系统中能够区别意义的最小语音类型单位是。
7．现代汉语普通话共有个韵母。
8．现代汉语普通话大约有个音节（包括声调）。
9．汉字是的书写符号系统。
10．《现代汉语常用字表》规定的常用字和次常用字分别是字。
11．汉字在历史上曾经被我们的邻国使用，现在还在使用部分汉字。
12．语言中最小的音义结合体是。
13．单纯词有联绵词、叠音词、、拟声词四种形式。
14．合成词有复合式、附加式、三种形式。
15．词的形态可分为两种：一是构形形态，二是形态。
16．词语的褒义、贬义关注的是词义的。
17．构成词义的最小意义单位是。
18．成语主要来于神话寓言、、口头俗语和历史故事。
19．歇后语“下雨出太阳——假晴”是采用的方式来表达语义。
20．双音节状态形容词的重叠方式是。
21．根据句子结构特点分出来的句子类型叫。
22．基本词汇有三个特点：稳固性、、全民常用性。
23．“省得”在复句中表示的关系。
24．“一A就B”是关系的复句。
25．大多数“被”字句中，“被”引出的是。
二、判断题（每小题1分，共15分）1．音节是交谈时自然感到的最小语音单位。
2．“儿化”指的是一个音节中，元音带上卷舌色彩的一种特殊音变现象。
3．轻声是汉语中的第五种声调。
4．汉字经历了甲骨文、金文、隶书、篆书、楷书、草书、行书等七种正式字体演变的过程。
语言学历年真题试卷汇编12(总分68,考试时间90分钟)1. 判断题请判断下列各题正误。
1. 索绪尔开创的描写语言学标志语言走向独立的道路。
(2009年北京语言大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误2. 汉语中的“哥哥、弟弟”和“姐姐、妹妹”，英语中只用“brother”和“sister”就可以包括，这种语言的不同反映了不同民族的思维能力是不同的。
(2005年山东师范大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误3. 汉语普通话中有zhuang这样的音节，因此汉语中有复辅音。
(2006年中国传媒大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误4. 汉语中有“男生、女生、公牛、母牛”等词，由此可见，汉语中有“性”这种语法范畴。
(2005年山东师范大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误2. 案例分析题1. 指出下面词的构成方式。
(2012年中国海洋大学考题)尖子念头老百姓西红柿进驻用变换分析法分析下面三个句子。
(2012年中国海洋大学考题)2. 讲台上站着老师。
3. 台上唱着戏。
4. 后山上架着炮。
5. 结合汉语例子，论述层次分析法的主要特点及其局限。
(2009年厦门大学考题)3. 单项选择题单项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。
1. 下列因素中，全部属于浊辅音的是( )。
(2006年中山大学考题)A. [b p m]B. [b d z]C. [d t l]D. [f v m]2. 确定“忽然”是副词，“突然”是形容词，主要是依据( )。
(2005年中山大学考题)A. 词的意义B. 词的形态变化C. 词的句法功能D. 词的意义和形态变化3. 下列不属于“转移”这种词义演变方式和途径的是( )(2006年中山大学考题)A. 英语中的“book”本来是一种树木的名称，现在用来表示写成的书。
B. 俄语中的“py”本来是各种武器的总称，现在只指“枪”。
C. 汉语的“豆”古代是一种盛食物的器皿，现在指豆类植物。
D. “锑”是一种金属元素，元素符号是Sb，用在化工、电工和医药上，广州话用来指制造日用器皿的铝合金。
汉语基础2010【试题+答案】广东外语外贸大学————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题专业：汉语国际教育考试科目：汉语基础广东外语外贸大学研究生入学考试汉语国际教育专业《汉语基础》试题壹汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1．现代汉语普通话以语音为标准音。
2．与印欧语系语言相比，汉语在语法上最大的特点是。
3．现代汉语方言中，粤方言的代表话是。
4．中国使用人口最多的方言是。
5．元音与辅音的区别是。
6．普通话声母j、q、x从发音部位上看属于。
7．同一个语音系统中能够区别意义的最小语音类型单位是。
8．现代汉语普通话有个声母（含零声母）。
9．普通话阳平调的调值是。
10．现代汉语普通话大约有个音节（包括声调）。
11．汉字是的书写符号系统。
12．《现代汉语常用字表》规定的常用字和次常用字分别是字。
13．汉字在历史上曾经被我们的邻国使用，现在还在使用部分汉字。
14．现代汉字的标准字体是。
15．语言中最小的音义结合体是。
16．语言中能独立运用的最小单位是。
17．单纯词有联绵词、叠音词、、拟声词四种形式。
18．合成词有复合式、附加式、三种形式。
19．词义的性质包括概括性、和民族性。
20．词语的褒义、贬义关注的是词义的。
21．构成词义的最小意义单位是。
22．词汇由和一般词汇组成。
23．歇后语“外甥点灯——照舅”是采用的方式来表达语义。
24．双音节状态形容词的重叠方式是。
25．根据语气分出来的句子类型叫。
26．根据句子结构特点分出来的句子类型叫。
27．汉语词类划分的主要依据是。
28．“既然”在复句中表示的关系。
29．“不是A而是B”是关系的复句。
30．大多数“把”字句中，“把”引出的是。
二、判断题（每小题1分，共20分）1．语音的四要素是：音高、音强、音质、音色。
2019广州大学333教育综合与921语文课程与教学论考研真题与答案《教育学基础》考试重难点与名校真题详解（十二校联合第二版）由鸿知广大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与广州大学优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。
全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019广州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。
《教育学基础》考试重难点与名校真题详解（十二校联合第二版）全书编排根据广州大学考研参考书目：《教育学基础》（十二校联合第二版）结合提供的广大考研内容，帮助报考广州大学考研的同学通过广大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答，帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。
通过研读演练本书，达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。
同时，透过测试演练，以便查缺补漏，为初试高分奠定坚实基础。
资料选购适用院系：教育学院：教育管理（专业学位）、现代教育技术（专业学位）、心理健康教育（专业学位）、学前教育（专业学位）人文学院：学科教学（语文）（专业学位）生命科学学院：学科教学（生物）（专业学位）外国语学院：学科教学（英语）（专业学位）地理科学学院：学科教学（地理）（专业学位）化学化工学院：学科教学（化学）（专业学位）数学与信息科学学院：学科教学（数学）（专业学位）政治与公民教育学院：学科教学（思政）（专业学位）物理与电子工程学院：学科教学（物理）（专业学位）资料选购适用科目：333-教育综合（自命题）内容详情本书包括以下几个部分内容：Part 1 - 考试重难点：通过总结和梳理《教育学基础》（十二校联合第二版）各章节复习和考试的重难点，建构教材宏观思维及核心知识框架，浓缩精华内容，令考生对各章节内容考察情况一目了然，从而明确复习方向，提高复习效率。
Part 2 - 教材课后习题与解答针对教材《教育学基础》（十二校联合第二版）课后习题配备详细解读，以供考生加深对教材基本知识点的理解掌握，做到对广大考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。
广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题专业：汉语国际教育考试科目：汉语基础广东外语外贸大学研究生入学考试汉语国际教育专业《汉语基础》试题壹汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1．现代汉语普通话以语音为标准音。
2．与印欧语系语言相比，汉语在语法上最大的特点是。
3．现代汉语方言中，粤方言的代表话是。
4．中国使用人口最多的方言是。
5．元音与辅音的区别是。
6．普通话声母j、q、x从发音部位上看属于。
7．同一个语音系统中能够区别意义的最小语音类型单位是。
8．现代汉语普通话有个声母（含零声母）。
9．普通话阳平调的调值是。
10．现代汉语普通话大约有个音节（包括声调）。
11．汉字是的书写符号系统。
12．《现代汉语常用字表》规定的常用字和次常用字分别是字。
13．汉字在历史上曾经被我们的邻国使用，现在还在使用部分汉字。
14．现代汉字的标准字体是。
15．语言中最小的音义结合体是。
16．语言中能独立运用的最小单位是。
17．单纯词有联绵词、叠音词、、拟声词四种形式。
19．词义的性质包括概括性、和民族性。
20．词语的褒义、贬义关注的是词义的。
21．构成词义的最小意义单位是。
22．词汇由和一般词汇组成。
23．歇后语“外甥点灯——照舅”是采用的方式来表达语义。
24．双音节状态形容词的重叠方式是。
25．根据语气分出来的句子类型叫。
26．根据句子结构特点分出来的句子类型叫。
27．汉语词类划分的主要依据是。
28．“既然”在复句中表示的关系。
29．“不是A而是B”是关系的复句。
30．大多数“把”字句中，“把”引出的是。
二、判断题（每小题1分，共20分）1．语音的四要素是：音高、音强、音质、音色。
2．声调是汉语区别意义的重要语音手段。
3．儿化词都是名词。
4．轻声不是一个单独的声调。
5．汉字是由笔画直接组成的。
6．汉字经历了甲骨文、金文、隶书、篆书、楷书五种正式字体演变的过程。
7．一般认为，古代有象形、指事、会意、形声四种造字法。
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。
2019广州大学333教育综合与921语文课程与教学论考研真题与答案第一篇：2019广州大学333教育综合与921语文课程与教学论考研真题与答案2019广州大学333教育综合与921语文课程与教学论考研真题与答案《教育学基础》考试重难点与名校真题详解（十二校联合第二版）由鸿知广大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与广州大学优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。
全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019广州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。
《教育学基础》考试重难点与名校真题详解（十二校联合第二版）全书编排根据广州大学考研参考书目：《教育学基础》（十二校联合第二版）结合提供的广大考研内容，帮助报考广州大学考研的同学通过广大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答，帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。
通过研读演练本书，达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。
同时，透过测试演练，以便查缺补漏，为初试高分奠定坚实基础。
资料选购适用院系：教育学院：教育管理（专业学位）、现代教育技术（专业学位）、心理健康教育（专业学位）、学前教育（专业学位）人文学院：学科教学（语文）（专业学位）生命科学学院：学科教学（生物）（专业学位）外国语学院：学科教学（英语）（专业学位）地理科学学院：学科教学（地理）（专业学位）化学化工学院：学科教学（化学）（专业学位）数学与信息科学学院：学科教学（数学）（专业学位）政治与公民教育学院：学科教学（思政）（专业学位）物理与电子工程学院：学科教学（物理）（专业学位）资料选购适用科目：333-教育综合（自命题）内容详情本书包括以下几个部分内容：Part 1 教材课后习题与解答针对教材《教育学基础》（十二校联合第二版）课后习题配备详细解读，以供考生加深对教材基本知识点的理解掌握，做到对广大考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。
广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题专业：汉语国际教育考试科目：汉语基础广东外语外贸大学研究生入学考试汉语国际教育专业《汉语基础》试题壹汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1．现代汉语普通话以语音为标准音。
2．与印欧语系语言相比，汉语在语法上最大的特点是。
3．现代汉语方言中，粤方言的代表话是。
4．中国使用人口最多的方言是。
5．元音与辅音的区别是。
6．普通话声母j、q、x从发音部位上看属于。
7．同一个语音系统中能够区别意义的最小语音类型单位是。
8．现代汉语普通话有个声母（含零声母）。
9．普通话阳平调的调值是。
10．现代汉语普通话大约有个音节（包括声调）。
11．汉字是的书写符号系统。
12．《现代汉语常用字表》规定的常用字和次常用字分别是字。
13．汉字在历史上曾经被我们的邻国使用，现在还在使用部分汉字。
14．现代汉字的标准字体是。
15．语言中最小的音义结合体是。
16．语言中能独立运用的最小单位是。
17．单纯词有联绵词、叠音词、、拟声词四种形式。
19．词义的性质包括概括性、和民族性。
20．词语的褒义、贬义关注的是词义的。
21．构成词义的最小意义单位是。
22．词汇由和一般词汇组成。
23．歇后语“外甥点灯——照舅”是采用的方式来表达语义。
24．双音节状态形容词的重叠方式是。
25．根据语气分出来的句子类型叫。
26．根据句子结构特点分出来的句子类型叫。
27．汉语词类划分的主要依据是。
28．“既然”在复句中表示的关系。
29．“不是A而是B”是关系的复句。
30．大多数“把”字句中，“把”引出的是。
二、判断题（每小题1分，共20分）1．语音的四要素是：音高、音强、音质、音色。
2．声调是汉语区别意义的重要语音手段。
3．儿化词都是名词。
4．轻声不是一个单独的声调。
5．汉字是由笔画直接组成的。
6．汉字经历了甲骨文、金文、隶书、篆书、楷书五种正式字体演变的过程。
7．一般认为，古代有象形、指事、会意、形声四种造字法。
