广州大学阅读与写作2012-2019年考研初试真题

广州大学2012--2013 学年第一学期考试卷课程中国近现代史纲要考试形式（闭卷，考试）学院系专业班级学号姓名_一、简答题（每题6分，共24分）1、近代以来中华民族面临的两大历史任务及其关系是什么？1、两大历史任务：一是求得民族独立和人民解放，（2分）二是实现国家繁荣富强和人民共同富裕，（2分）其关系是相互区别又紧密联系，求得民族独立和人民解放为实现国家富强和人民富裕扫清障碍和创造前提（2分）。

2、戊戌维新运动有怎样的历史意义？2、第一，戊戌维新运动是一次爱国救亡运动。

（2分）第二，戊戌维新运动是一场资产阶级性质的政治改革运动。

（2分）第三，戊戌维新运动更是一场思想启蒙运动。

（2分）3、中国革命为什么要走“农村包围城市，武装夺取政权”的道路？3、第一，从中国的社会性质看，内无民主，外不独立，只有通过武装斗争取得政权。

（2分）第二，从革命形势来看，农村是敌人统治力量薄弱的环节，中国革命的胜利首先要在农村突破。

（2分）第三，从中国革命的动力来看，农民是革命的主力军，农村是革命的主要战场。

（2分）4、新民主主义革命胜利的基本经验有哪些？4、第一，建立广泛的统一战线。

（2分）第二，坚持革命的武装斗争。

（2分）第三，加强共产党自身的建设。

（2分）二、观点分析题（勿需判断直接回答，每题8分，共24分）1、鸦片战争一声炮响，给中国带来了近代文明。

1资本—帝国主义对中国的侵略，使中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，给中华民族和中国人民带来了深重的灾难，是此后中国贫穷落后的总根源，（4分）尽管资本—帝国主义在侵略的同时，客观上也带来和传播了近代西方文化，但这只是充当了“历史的不自觉的工具”。

（4分）2、辛亥革命既成功了又失败了。

2、辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治，结束了封建帝制，建立了资产阶级共和国，在政治、经济、文化、社会等方面带来了历史性巨变。

（4分）但从根本上说，近代反帝反封建的任务还没有完成，辛亥革命后，民国有名无实，中国并没有走上资本主义道路，因此它又失败了（4分）。

2019广州大学课程与教学论考研633教育理论综合（自命题）考试真题试卷与真题答案《2019广州大学考研633教育理论综合（自命题）复习全析（含历年真题答案，共五册）》由鸿知广大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与广州大学优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。

全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019广州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。

《2019广州大学考研633教育理论综合（自命题）复习全析（含历年真题答案）》全书编排根据全国统考大纲及：《教育学基础》（十二校联合第二版）裴娣娜《教育研究方法导论》《中国教育史》（孙培青第三版）《外国教育史》（张斌贤）*****************参考书目提示*********************广州大学2017官方参考书目为：1.全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写.教育学基础（第2版）[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2008。

2.扈中平主编.教育学原理[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2008.3.王晓华，叶富贵主编.中外教育史[M].北京：首都师范大学出版社，2007.4.裴娣娜.教育研究方法导论[M].合肥：安徽教育出版社，1995.广州大学2018官方参考书目变更为：1.全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写.教育学基础（第3版）[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2015.2.胡德海著.教育学原理（第3版）[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2013.3.王晓华，叶富贵主编.中外教育史[M].北京：首都师范大学出版社，2007.4.陈向明主编.教育研究方法[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2013.本资料用书有部分与学校官方参考书目不大一样，请考生与客服老师联系并阅读清楚后购买！本资料应配合学校官方规定的参考书目复习结合提供的往年广大考研真题内容，帮助报考广州大学考研的同学通过广大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答，帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。

2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。

2019年广州大学硕士研究生入学考试初试真题科目代码：347科目名称：应用心理满分：300分注意：全部答案一律写在答题纸上，答在试题纸上的不计分！答题要写清题号，不必抄题。

一、单项选择题（每题有四个选项，请选出最合适的一个选项。

本部分共30小题，每小题2分，共计60分）1.在夜空中，由于浮云的移动，使人们联想为浮云后面的月亮在动，这种现象称为（）A.运动后效B.自主运动C.诱导运动D.动景运动2.进行三段论推理时，有时出现错误的结论，例如“有些哲学家是诗人，有些诗人是画家，所以有些哲学家是画家。

”“武德·沃斯”对这种错误推理的解释是（）A.在推理过程中没有集中注意力B.没有根据前提建立更多的心理模型C.前提逻辑词产生气氛影响人的结论D.个体错误地解释了前提3.“马赫带”反映的感觉现象是（）A.感觉适应B.感觉对比C.感觉融合D.感觉补偿4.学习一个较长的学习材料，往往是开头部分与末尾部分遗忘较少，而中间部分则遗忘较多，这是因为受到了（）的影响。

A.前摄抑制和倒摄抑制B.前摄抑制C.前摄抑制和干扰抑制D.倒摄抑制5.构造主义认为，心理学的研究对象是（）A.外显行为B.潜意识C.意识流D.意识6.德国心理学家艾宾浩斯研究发现，遗忘的进程是不均衡的，它表现为（）A.先慢后快B.先快后慢C.中间稍快D.中间稍慢7.感受性提高的感觉适应现象是（）A.触觉适应B.嗅觉适应C.暗适应D.明适应8.根据人对问题思考的速度差异，卡根等将认知风格类型划分为（）A.场独立与场依存性B.整体加工与部分加工C.同时性与整体性D.冲动型与沉思型9.根据皮亚杰的认知发展理论处于前运算阶段儿童的典型游戏类型（）A.结构游戏B.练习游戏C.象征性游戏D.观察性游戏10.诵读“月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠”，脑中浮现出来形象的过程是（）A.创造想象B.无意想象C.再造想象D.幻想11.将潜意识理论从个体意识发展为集体意识的学者是（）A.阿德勒B.罗杰斯C.荣格D.弗洛伊德12.华生在以小艾尔伯特为被试的恐惧实验中，采用的研究方法是（）A.刺激-反应法B.单词诱导法C.图片诱导法D.音乐诱导法13.奥苏贝尔针对讲解式教学提出了“先行组使者”教学策略，使用该策略的目的是为学生提供（）A.比较组织者B.符号中介物C.关系类属者D.观念固着点14.在研究交通灯亮度对驾驶员反应速度的影响时，交通灯亮度是（）A.因变量B.无关变量C.控制变量D.自变量15.“狂喜时手舞足蹈，悲痛时嚓响大哭”所体现的情绪状态是（）A.心境B.激情C.应激D.热情16.教师向学生随机呈现一个词表，并要求记住表中的单词，学生学会了按蔬菜，肉类，水果等单词归类组织，并运用该方法记忆其他单词，根据加涅的观点属于（）A.言语信息学习B.智力技能学习C.认知策略学习D.语义信息学习17.根据奥尔波特的特质理论，个体身上所具有的最典型，最概括的人格特质是（）A.共同特质B.首要特质C.中心特质D.次要特质18.儿童认为规则不是绝对的，可以怀疑，可以改变，在某些情况下甚至可以违反。

英语语言文学真题回忆(综合英语，翻译与写作，二外法语)题目回忆是考后就写下，今天才来编辑发帖。

综合英语：1.单项选择题，关于语法，词组搭配之类的，没有考人文知识。

30道题30分。

难度中等或中下2.阅读理解四篇，每篇5道题，共40分。

文章和问题都不太难理解。

难度中等或中下其中一篇如下。

相比之下，其他3篇文章没那么长，但问题和选项就较长一点。

He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Longbefore the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove ajaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Laterhe married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm whenher father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people sheseemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married thedoctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large.When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden ballsas large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods.He smoked a cob pipe andafter his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window thatwas covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day inAugust he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy therewere the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the HeffnerBlock above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly,building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth heerected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have thetruths to erect other pyramids.Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothes forten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at theknees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pocketsinto which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scrapsof paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled hedumped themout upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another oldman named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood,old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threwthem at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering oldsentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girlwho became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It isdelicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards ofWinesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard withfrostunder foot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. Theyhave been put inbarrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten inapartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On thetrees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers haverejected. They looklike the knuckles of Doctor Reefy’ s hands. One nibbles at them and they aredelicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gatheredall of its sweetness.One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground pickingthe gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the fewknow the sweetness of the twisted apples.The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summerafternoon. He was forty-fivethen and already he had begun the practice offilling his pockets with the scraps of paper thatbecame hard balls and werethrown away. The habit had been formed as he sat in his buggy behind the jadedgrey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were writtenthoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out ofmany of them heformed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truthclouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the littlethoughts began again.The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in thefamily way and hadbecome frightened. She was in that condition because of aseries of circumstances also curious.The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land thathad come down to her had seta train of suitors on her heels. For two years shesaw suitors almost every evening. Except twothey were all alike. They talked toher of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voicesand in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were muchunlikeeach other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son ofa jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with herhe was never off the subject. Theother, a black-haired boy with large ears,said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where hebegan to kiss her.For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry thejeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her andthen she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity shebegan to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times itseemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. Sheimagined him turning it slowly about inthe white hands and staring at it. Atnight she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws weredripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way totheone who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actuallydid bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed.After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed toher that she never wanted to leavehim again. She went into his office onemorning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened toher.In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the manwho kept the bookstore in Winesburg. Like all old-fashioned countrypractitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held ahandkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when thetooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's whitedress.The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the womanand the manhad gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country withme," he said.For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were togetheralmost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in anillness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twistedapples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon theround perfect fruit thatis eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of heracquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following springshe died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughtshe had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed andstuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.1.According to the story Doctor Reefy’s life seems very __________.A. eccentricB. normalC. enjoyableD. optimistic2.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the familyway. The phrase “in the family way”means____________.A. troubledB. PregnantC. twistedD. cheated3.Doctor Reef lives a ___________ life.A. happyB. miserableC. easy-goingD. reckless4. The tall dark girl’s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to be a _____ one.A. transientB. understandableC. perfectD. funny5. Doctor Ree f’s paper balls probably symbolize his ______.A. eagerness to shut himself away from societyB. suppressed desire to communicate with peopleC. optimism about lifeD. cynical attitude towards life3.完型填空就一篇，有20道选项吧共20分难度中等吧4.翻译40分i. 英译汉 20分O mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply andmerely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like thesunand the sea, the stars and the flowers; like frost and snow, rain and dew,hail-storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of ourown faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too muchor too little, nothing useless or inert- but that, the farther we press in ourdiscoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self-supportingarrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!ii. 汉译英 20分那篇文章什么题目我忘了，但是却清晰地记得它的内容讲的是怎样面的人生的困难。

历年广州大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-广大考研真题哪里找？鸿知广大考研网汇集了广州大学各专业历年考研真题试卷（原版），同时与广州大学专业课成绩前三名的各专业硕士研究生合作编写了配套的真题答案解析，答案部分包括了（解题思路、答案详解）两方面内容。

真题解析先对每一道真题的解答思路进行引导，分析真题的结构、考察方向、考察目的，向考生传授解答过程中宏观的思维方式；其次对真题的答案进行详细解答，方便考生检查自身的掌握情况及不足之处，并借此巩固记忆加深理解，培养应试技巧与解题能力，真题详情请点击进入历年广州大学考研真题答案汇总。

同时，登入鸿知广大考研网还能与广大研一研二的学长学姐们一起交流，点击广州大学考研在线咨询，与学长学姐们一起探讨考研经验。

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育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2012年广州大学汉教考研真题及其答案解析招生学院（所，中心）：人文学院招生类别（请打勾选择）：□学术型/√专业型试卷类型：□A/√B招生专业：汉语国际教育硕士考试科目代码：354考试科目名称：汉语基础考生须知:1.答题必须全部写在考场所发答题纸上，写在本试卷上一律无效。

2.不准在答题纸上作任何暗示性的标记，否则以作弊处理。

3.答题时必须使用蓝色，黑色或蓝黑色钢笔，圆珠笔，中性笔答题。

4.考试完毕，本试卷和答题纸一起封装信封交回。

壹汉语语言学基础知识一、填空题（每小题2分，共30分）1.“现代汉语”是以北京语音为标准音，以，_________为基础方言，以典范的___________著作为语法规范的普通话。

2.方言包括__________和_____________等两种。

3.普通话声母中有____个浊辅音，其中_______即可以作声母又可以作韵尾。

4.“药”的声母是______，韵母属于___________呼。

5.用汉语拼音正词法规则给“广州大学”注音：_____________。

6.Pa音节中的a，从音素性质来看是___________，从所处汉语音节中的位置来看是_____________。

7.汉字传统的“六书”造字法是指，形象，________，会意，____________,转注，假借。

8.合成词由词根加词缀或词根加词跟构成，“分化”中的“化”是__________。

9.“小孩儿也会唱‘吐鲁番的葡萄熟了’”中包含了_____________个词。

10.“马前卒”旧指在车前头供奔走役使的人，现在用来比喻为别人效力的人（多含泛义），其意思发展变化属于____________型。

2019广州大学考研619汉语综合考试与827阅读与写作复习全析（含真题）《2019广州大学考研619汉语综合考试复习全析（含历年真题，共三册）》由鸿知广大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与广州大学优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。

全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019广州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。

《2019广州大学考研619汉语综合考试复习全析（含历年真题）》全书编排根据广州大学考研参考书目：1．《语言学纲要》，叶蜚声、徐通锵，北京大学。

2、《现代汉语》（增订版），黄伯荣、廖序东主编，高等教育出版社。

3、《古代汉语》，王力主编，中华书局。

结合提供的往年广大考研真题内容，帮助报考广州大学考研的同学通过广大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后/经典习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答，帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。

通过研读演练本书，达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。

同时，透过测试演练，以便查缺补漏，为初试高分奠定坚实基础。

适用院系：人文学院：语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学资料选购适用科目：619汉语综合考试（自命题）本书包括以下几个部分内容：Part 1 - 考试重难点与笔记：通过总结和梳理《现代汉语》（黄伯荣增订五版）、《古代汉语》（王力校订重排本）、《语言学纲要》（叶蜚声、徐通锵北大修订版）各章节复习和考试的重难点，建构教材宏观思维及核心知识框架，浓缩精华内容，令考生对各章节内容考察情况一目了然，从而明确复习方向，提高复习效率。

该部分通过归纳各章节要点及复习注意事项，令考生提前预知章节内容，并指导考生把握各章节复习的侧重点。

Part 2 - 教材配套课后/经典习题与解答针对教材《现代汉语》（黄伯荣增订五版）经典课后习题配备详细解读，以供考生加深对教材基本知识点的理解掌握，做到对广大考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。

2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。

2012-2019广一模论述类文本专项整理【2012年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）】阅读下面的文字，完成12～15题。

文艺上的宽容周作人主张自己的判断的权利而不承认他人中的自我，为一切不宽容的原因，文学家过于尊信自己的流别，以为是唯一的“道”，至于蔑视别派为异端，虽然也无足怪，然而与文艺的本性实在很相违背了。

文艺以自己表现为主体，以感染他人为作用，是个人的而亦为人类的，所以文艺的条件是自己表现，其余思想与技术上的派别都在其次。

各人的个性既然是各各不同(虽然在终极仍有相同之一点，即是人性)，那么表现出来的文艺，当然是不相同。

现在倘若拿了批评上的大道理要去强迫统一，即使这不可能的事情居然实现了，这样文艺作品已经失了他唯一的条件，其实不能成为文艺了。

因为文艺的生命是自由不是平等，是分离不是合并，所以宽容是文艺发达的必要的条件。

然而宽容决不是忍受。

不滥用权威去阻遏他人的自由发展是宽容，任凭权威来阻遏自己的自由发展而不反抗是忍受。

正当的规则是，当自己求自由发展时对于迫压的势力，不应取忍受的态度；当自己成了已成势力之后，对于他人的自由发展，不可不取宽容的态度。

聪明的批评家自己不妨属于已成势力的一分子，但同时应有对于新兴潮流的理解与承认。

他的批评是印象的鉴赏，不是法理的判决，是诗人的而非学者的批评。

文学固然可以成为科学的研究，但只是对已往事实的综合与分析，不能作为未来的无限发展的轨范。

文艺上的激变不是破坏文艺的法律，乃是增加条文，譬如无韵诗的提倡，似乎是破坏了“诗必须有韵”的法令，其实他只是改定了旧时狭隘的范围，将他放大，以为“诗可以无韵”罢了。

表示生命之颤动的文学，当然没有不变的科律；历代的文艺在他自己的时代都是一代的成就，在全体上只是一个过程。

要问文艺到什么程度是大成了，那犹如问文化怎样是极顶一样，都是不能回答的事，因为进化是没有止境的。

许多人错把全体的一个过程认做永久的完成，所以才有那些无聊的争执，其实只是自扰，何不将这白费的力气去做正当的事，走自己的路程呢？近来有一群守旧的新学者，常拿了新文学家的“发挥个性，注重创造”的话做挡牌，以为他们不应该“对于为文言者仇雠视之”；这意思似乎和我所说的宽容有点相像，但其实是全不相干的。