政论文翻译材料1 原文和答案
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政论文的特点、翻译要求及注意事项-英语论文-语言学论文——文章均为WORD文档,下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——随着改革开放不断深入和经济社会快速发展,使得中国在国际舞台上的影响力不断扩大,对外宣传和翻译的重要性和必要性也进一步突显.作为对外宣传的官方形式和重要渠道,政论文的英译质量,直接关乎我国的国际形象,决定着我国文化价值和意识形态输出的效果.作为国家意识形态和权力的载体,政论文翻译对译者的水平有着更为严格的要求.政论文中不断涌现出的富有中国特色的新词,为英译工作增添了新的难度和障碍.因此,丰富完善政论文的翻译手段势在必行.[1]研究政论文的翻译,我们首先需要详细了解政论文的相关内容.一、政论文政论文,或性论文,是从角度阐述和评论当前重大和社会问题的议论文,形式多样,范围广阔,具有一定的倾向.为了使别人接受自己的观点和主张,还常常运用各种积极的修辞手段,以增强感染力.凡是对时政问题进行议论说理的文章,都可以属于政论文的范畴,主要涉及: 领袖有关的文章、报告、演说;党政机关、团体的宣言、声明;报刊杂志的性社论、思想评论、国际时事评论以及编辑部文章等.二、政论文的特点政论文的特点包括:具有一定的倾向;讲求确切,严谨,鲜明,富有鼓动性;句式结构变化多样,重整体布局,重修辞.在运用语言材料上要求准确性、严密性同生动性、形象性密切结合起来.科学作品中特有的表达方式,如图表、符号、公式等,在政论文中可以适当地加以运用.文艺作品中常用的比喻、对偶、排比、婉言、反语、设问等修辞方式,政论文中也可以自由运用.中国文献的语言具有鲜明的特色:重复的词语多、句子偏长、句型结构单一、祈使谓语结构和并列短句多、主语缺乏、连接成分使用不多、句与句之间没有明确的逻辑关系等.而英语在句式衔接上多形合,体现在常用各种形式手段连接词、短语、分句或从句将句子衔接起来,注重显性衔接,把句子形式和结构完整放在突出位置,并且尽量避免重复. 文献的性、严肃性、准确性,使译作必须精益求精,确保文化价值的成功有效输出.[2]三、政论文的翻译要求政论文翻译的总体要求:忠实确切地表达原作的思想内容,保持原作的修辞色彩,使译文能起到与原文相同的宣传鼓动作用.具体来讲,有以下四个方面.1.忠实原作思想内容.译者必须忠实地表达出原作者鲜明的观点,对原作的立场,所论述的方针、政策不允许有丝毫歪曲篡改.2.义切词严,爱憎分明.政论文用词的语义深度、句意或轻或重,反映了作者的立场和态度.译者在谴词造句时,必须认真揣摩,仔细推敲.3.概念同一.术语的准确与统一,直接影响到逻辑关系的严密.同一篇文章里或不同的文章里表示同一个概念,论述同一个事物的名词或词组的译名要始终保持同一.4.逻辑严谨.通读原文,抓住中心,分析文章的脉落,理清作者逻辑推论,领会作者的章法,避免断章取义和逻辑错误.四、政论文翻译注意事项1.了解文章的写作意图及写作背景.2.透彻理解原文,准确把握词意,慎重选词择句.3.通读原文全文,抓住中心论点,分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉落,理清作者逻辑推论的层次,领会作者的章法.4.弄清作者的立场、观点.搞清文章的出发点,力避歪曲事实.五、具体翻译策略中文文献翻译要高度忠实,但为了达到对外宣传的目的,中国政论文的英译本总体词汇特征应接近于本族语中同体裁的文本特征,被目的语者接受.[3]1.笼统词汇具体化.政论文有不少词意模糊的宏观性词汇和词组高频出现,用以表明某事物的特征或状态等,但英语词汇比较严谨、具体,因此翻译时,根据不同的上下文和文体风格选择用词,说到实处.如:加快实施走出去战略.We wi11 accelerate the implementation of thego-ing globalstrategy.巩固扩大传统消费,积极培育信息、旅游、文化、、培训、养老、家庭服务等消费热点,促进消费结构优化升级.We will strengthen and expand traditional con-sumption,and promote the upgrading of the consumptionstructure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption,such as information,tourism,culture,fitness,and training,ser-vices for the elderly and household services.2.词义抽象化.词义抽象化是把原文中某些意义比较具体和形象的词在译文中引申为一般的词.译者应把所有意象有机地揉进译文当中,帮助读者更好地了解中国特殊的文化内涵,从而提高译文的可读性.如:保障米袋子、菜篮子安全.To ensure the security of therice bag(grain supply)and vegetable basket(non-staple food sup-ply). 让权力在阳光下运行.To make sure that power is ex-ercised in a transparent manner.3.替换.在用词上,汉语多用动词,喜欢原词重复或同义词、近义词重复,而英语常用名词、代词,偏爱文学简洁,忌讳重复.翻译时,要注意转化词类,运用替代或省略,或直译出其中一组词义.如:倾听群众呼声,反映群众意愿,集中群众智慧.Hear the peoples voices,reflect their will and pooltheir wisdom.全面推进经济建设、建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设.make headway with ourefforts to encourage socialist economic,political,cultural,so-cial,and ecological development.4.删减汉语中迁移性冗余.为了起到激励和鼓动的作用,政论文章往往会重复强调重要内容,这是政论文章的一大特点,无论是汉语还是英语都是如此.这类重复有词汇重复和结构重复,这就是有用冗余.忠实标准高于简洁标准,不能以辞害意.[4]如:抚今追昔,伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感,极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力.The outstanding achievements wemade in that time have greatly boosted the confidence andpride of the people,strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chi-nese nation.5.增译.增加主语、背景信息.如:认真治理政府工作人员以权谋私和读职侵权问题.We will conscientiously clearup problems related to government employees who abusepower for personal gain,neglect their duties,or infringe uponothersrights.十二五时期的主要目标和任务.Main ob-jectives and tasks for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.[5]6.缩略词汇.汉语中许多政策或社会现象新问题,常用几个字概括出来,言简意赅.翻译时需要增补原文中没有的词语,将其隐含成分表达出来,从而使译文确切清楚,做到使读者准确、清楚、顺利地了解原文,达到等效翻译的目的.因此,英译中通过括号注释的方法具体指出.7.变换表达方式.用词重复是政论文体的特点,也是翻译的一大难点.如:要更好地满足人民群众多层次多样化文化需求,发挥文化引导社会、教育人民、推动发展的功能,增强民族凝聚力和创造力.We will better satisfy the diversecultural demands of the people;have culture play its role inguiding society,educating the people,and promoting develop-ment;and enhance national cohesiveness and creativity.只有一流的教育,才能培养一流人才,建设一流国家.First-classeducation is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber person-nel and building a great country. 区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势.A favorable situation e-merged in which regional development was better distributed,structured and coordinated.[6]8.零翻译.零翻译打破了常规的翻译方法,具有特有的自身优势.为适应翻译实务迅速增长的需要,有必要引进零翻译这一概念.在政论文中引进零翻译将会对我国外宣工作产生积极意义.[7]2008年12月18日, 同志在纪念改革开放30周年大会的演讲中首次提出要不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾发布会现场将不折腾以bu zhe teng形式直接引入了英文.政论文译文质量好坏的评价标准在于国外读者是否能正确理解我国的外交言论和政策,需要译者在准确翻译富有中国文化特色词句的同时,又保留汉语的韵味和魅力,如:这些措施对缓解经济运行中的突出矛盾、增强信心、稳定预期、保持经济平稳较快发展,发挥了至关重要的作用.Together,these measures haveplayed a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affectingeconomic performance,enhancing confidence,stabilizing ex-pectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic devel-opment.政论文肩负着传扬中国的国策、国际立场和伟大成就的重任,采用异化的翻译策略帮助宣扬中国和社会文化,将大量中国特色的词汇和表达推向国际,丰富世界的语言,吸引英文读者进一步了解中国、熟悉中国体制和文化.当然,这些词汇和表达必须经常性、固定地出现才能逐渐为英文读者所熟悉和接受.同时,归化译法也出现在政论文翻译中,对中国特色用语进行变通或者借用较地道的英语词汇表达中国特色的词汇的做法就是从目的语读者角度出发采用归化译法的结果.异化和归化策略相结合既传播了中国文化又文化在两种文化的碰撞中得以优化从而促进了文化交流.政论文要求译者有敏锐的意识,还要有扎实的翻译基本功和深厚的文化背景知识,[8]掌握国外有关我国时政词语地道的表达,能创造性地开展工作.参考文献:[1]王基逢,安静.试析政论文中的零翻译[J].大学英语(学术版),2011,(3).[2]胡峰笙,李欣,荆博.衔接理论在政府工作报告英译中的应用探析[J].社科纵横,2011,(1).[3]沈微.浅谈《政府工作报告》中词汇英译的几点注意事项[J].外语研究,2012,(11).[4]王平兴.关于汉英翻译迁移性冗余的一些思考[J].中国翻译,2011,(5).[5]金美玉.从功能翻译理论看政论文英译中的增词现象[J].淮海工学院学报(社会科学版),2011,(7).[6]谢绿叶.功能目的论指导下的政府工作报告翻译[J].牡丹江师范学院学报(哲社版),2011,(2).[7]王基逢,安静.试析政论文中的零翻译[J].大学英语(学术版),2011,(3).[8]王维平.时文汉译英中的词汇杂合现象[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2013,(1).。
China Is Emerging as a New Growth Engine for the WorldIn the context of deep-going economic globalization, China and Asia are emerging as an economic power house for the world. The expansion of the world economy, on the other hand, is generating fresh opportunities of significance for China and Asia as well. The further development of mutually beneficial cooperation and increased interdependence among various economies, on the other hand, will undoubtedly open up broad vistas for the global economic growth.Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program initiated by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation unprecedented in history. Our overall national strength has enhanced markedly and the people's living standard improved steadily. Carrying forward the glory of their ancient civilization, the l.3 billion Chinese people are creating a new history as they press forward in a concerted effort and a pioneering spirit along the high road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.China has set a goal for the first 20 years of this century which is to firmly seize the major strategic opportunities to build China, in an all-round way, into a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard, which is of great benefit to its more than one billion people. By 2020, China's GDP will have quadrupled from the figure of 2000, amounting to approximately 4 trillion US dollars, with a per-capita level of some 3,000 US dollars. This will result in further developed economy, enhanced democracy, advanced science and education, enriched culture, improved social harmony and an upgraded texture of life for the people.To achieve this goal, we will adopt a scientific approach in the process of guiding the economic and social development. We will stick to the principle of putting the people first, always keeping the fundamental interests of the broad masses at heart, and endeavoring to satisfy their growing material and cultural needs so as to achieve the comprehensive development of man. We will focus on economic development, making development our central task or top priority with a view to achieving a well-rounded progress ——economically, politically and culturally ——in the building of a harmonious society. We will persist in the reform to develop a socialist market economy, furthering the innovation of institutional mechanisms, deepening the reforms aimed at galvanizing creative vitality of society and activating from within the dynamics for economic and social development. We will adhere to our basic policy of opening to the outside world so as to establish a more open market system, enabling the country to participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition in greater scopes and wider fields and at higher levels. We will follow a new course of industrialization to transform China's economic structures and to promote changes in the mode of economic growth by improving quality and efficiency. We will do a good job of developing a circular economy to build a resource-efficient and environment-friendly society. By so doing we will embark on a path to renewed development characterized by higher productivity, improved livelihood and a sustainable eco-system.China's development and the development of Asia and the world as a whole are closely interrelated. The development of China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and all over the world. China will keep opening up its market step by step. We will try to explore new ways of attracting foreign capital, improve the legal framework for encouraging and protecting foreign investment, streamline the management of businesses with foreign elements, and step up the protection of intellectual property rights. Great efforts will be made to create a more favorable business climate to facilitate economic and trade cooperation outwardly and to make things smooth for the inflow of foreign investment.中国的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量在经济全球化趋势深入发展的条件下,中国及亚洲的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量,世界经济发展也将给中国及亚洲发展带来新的重要机遇。
范文正公文集序阅读答案附翻译(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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《六国论》苏洵文言文原文注释翻译作品简介:《六国论》是苏洵政论文代表作品。
《六国论》提出并论证了六国灭亡“弊在赂秦”的精辟论点,“借古讽今”,抨击宋王朝对辽和西夏的屈辱政策,告诫北宋统治者要吸取六国灭亡的教训,以免重蹈覆辙。
作品原文:六国论六国破灭,非兵1不利,战不善2,弊在赂秦3。
赂秦而力亏,破灭之道4也。
或曰5:六国互丧,率6赂秦耶?曰:不赂者以赂者丧,盖7失强援,不能独完8。
故曰:弊在赂秦也。
秦以攻6取之外,小10则获邑,大则得城。
较秦之所得,与战胜而得者,其实11百倍;诸侯之所亡,与战败而亡者,其实亦百倍。
则秦之所大欲12,诸侯之所大患,固不在战矣。
思厥先祖父13,暴霜露14,斩荆棘,以有尺寸之地。
子孙视15之不甚惜,举以予人16,如弃草芥。
今日割五城,明日割十城,然后得一夕安寝。
起视四境,而秦兵又至矣。
然则17诸侯之地有限,暴秦之欲无厌18,奉之弥繁19,侵之愈急。
故不战而强弱胜负已判20矣。
至于21颠覆22,理固宜然23。
古人云:“以地事秦,犹抱薪救火,薪不尽,火不灭。
”24此言得之25。
齐人未尝赂秦,终26继27五国迁灭28,何哉?与嬴29而不助五国也。
五国既30丧,齐亦不免31矣。
燕赵之君,始有远略32,能守其土,义33不赂秦。
是故燕虽小国而后亡,斯34用兵之效也。
至丹以荆卿为计,始35速36祸焉。
赵尝五战于秦,二败而三胜。
后秦击赵者再37,李牧连却38之。
洎39牧以40谗41诛,邯郸为郡42,惜其用武而不终也。
且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际43,可谓智力44孤危,战败而亡,诚不得已。
向使45三国各爱其地,齐人勿附于秦,刺客不行,良将犹在,则胜负之数,存亡之理46,当47与秦相较,或未易量48。
呜呼!以49赂秦之地,封天下之谋臣,以事秦之心,礼50天下之奇才,并力西向,则吾恐秦人食之不得下咽51也。
悲夫!有如此之势52,而53为秦人积威54之所劫55,日56削月割,以趋于57亡。
为国者无使为积威之所劫哉58!夫六国与秦皆诸侯,其势弱于秦,而犹有可以59不赂而胜之之势。
政论文翻译探索——以《十九大报告》英译文为例作者:张萃来源:《河南农业·教育版》 2018年第1期摘要:政论文是一种特殊文体,通常被用于正式和严肃的场合。
因此,应高度重视政论文翻译。
政论文翻译要做到译文准确,合理解读中国特色词,符合英文表达习惯,并体现时代变迁。
关键词:政论文;中国特色词;时代变迁作为一种政治文体,政论文从政治角度阐述和评论当前重大事件和社会问题。
同时,也是外国读者了解中国政治、经济、文化状况的权威来源。
随着中国国际影响力与日俱增,政论文的英译水平直接关系到我国的对外宣传工作,甚至于中国的国际形象和国家利益。
因此,准确、清晰地翻译政治文本意义重大。
党的十九大是在全面建成小康社会决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义发展关键时期的一次十分重要的大会。
《十九大报告》作为政治文献,对译文规范性要求极高,稍有差错就可能影响到国家形象、声誉甚至国际关系。
因而,译者在翻译过程中,必须时刻保持头脑清醒,警觉,谨慎,译文必须准确、明了,能够准确清晰地向国内外表明国家的态度、政策。
本文以《十九大报告》为研究对象,探讨政论文翻译的特点。
一、译文要准确在政治文章翻译中,应紧扣原文,仔细衡量用词的政治含义和影响。
对原文的深入理解,既要透彻地了解每个词语,也要充分理解每一个句子和段落,乃至文章全文。
例1:不忘初心,牢记使命,高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,决胜全面建成小康社会,夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗。
英译文:Remaintruetoouroriginalaspirationandkeepourmissionfirmlyinmind,holdhighthebannerofs ocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,secureadecisivevictoryinbuildingamoderatelyprosp eroussocietyinallrespects,striveforthegreatsuccessofsocialismwithChinesecharacteris ticsforanewera,andworktirelesslytorealizetheChineseDreamofnationalrejuvenation.在这里,“不忘初心”翻译为remaintruetoouroriginalaspiration,十分贴切。
foreignization篇一:The Definition of ForeignizationThe Definition of ForeignizationLawrence Venuti,a famous American translator,he was the first persom to introduced domestication and foreignization in his book The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. He said “foreignization is an approach that the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him” while domestication is one that the translator “leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him”(Venuti,2004:19-20)By developing these two terms Venuti meant to argue against the tendency of the transparent translation and invisibility of the translator. In his opinion, domestication is a derogative term. On the basis of Venuti’s theory, Schuttleworth and Cowie in their book” Dictionary of Translation Studies” define the term of domestication in this way: “A term used by Venuti(1995) to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers...it is identified with a policy common in dominant cultures which are ‘aggressivelymonolingual, ueceptive to the foreign’, and which he describes as being’ accustomed to fluent translations that invisibly inscribe foreign text with[target language] values and provide readers with narcissistic experience of recognizing their own culture in a cultural other’.(Schuttleworth&Cowie,2004:43-44) Foreignizing translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.”(Schuttleworth&Cowie,2004:59) Venuti regarded foreignizing translation as a challenge towards domestication and the function is to “register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad.”(Venuti,2004:20) In translation, domestication means removing all strangeness and foreignness of the source text and making the translation read like the original. Domestication is oriented towards the target language. Foreignization is the opposite approach and by applying this method the foreignness of the source language will be kept to the greatest possible extent篇二:劳伦斯·韦努蒂一.劳伦斯·韦努蒂的基本信息及其主张:劳伦斯·韦努蒂 Lawrence Venuti(1953年—)学者,大学英语教授,专职翻译家,美籍意大利人,生于费城南部(此区域居住者多为意大利裔),七十年代早期在天普大学攻读英语文学,1980年获哥伦比亚大学博士学位。
论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
①在古代中国,政治与经济密不可分,“经济”一词本意就是经世济民。
中国古代民本经济观着眼于安邦定国,以“民生”为核心,以富民、养民为基础。
《尚书·五子之歌》中的“民惟邦本,本固邦宁”,就是对民本经济观的经典记载和阐述。
②“富民”是中国古代民本经济观的重要内容。
在中国经济思想史中,几乎各流派的学说对其都有体现。
儒家学派开创者孔子就提出养民、富民、教民之说,富民就是要轻徭薄赋、藏富于民。
因此,他力劝鲁哀公不要与民争利,提出“省力役,薄赋敛,则民富矣”“百姓足,君孰与不足”等重要思想。
孟子继承了孔子的富民思想,提出让老百姓治“恒产”。
从今天的视角来看,治“恒产”就是强调富民要有产权制度保障。
道家学派也高度重视富民,反对扰民争利。
其代表人物老子提出,“以百姓心为心”“我无事而民自富”,强调体恤百姓,与民休养生息。
这些论述,体现了古代民本经济观的基本理念,即要以民为本,让百姓过上富足生活,只有这样,国家才能长治久安。
③“养民”是中国古代民本经济观的又一个重要理念,这一理念在抵御自然灾害、抗灾救荒等方面表现得尤为突出。
在古代中国,水、旱、风雾雹霜、厉(瘟疫)、虫被称为“五害”。
帮助老百姓抵御“五害”,使老百姓过上太平日子,是官府的重要职责。
《管子》提出:“故善为国者,必先除其五害。
”古代中国历来重视抵御各种灾害和备荒赈济,形成了独特的荒政制度。
常平仓就是官府为储粮备荒、平稳粮价而设的粮仓。
这些粮仓在丰年购粮储存,避免谷贱伤农;在灾年则卖出储粮,以稳定粮价、救荒赈灾,这种缓冲储备机制对后世影响深远。
此外,“以工代赈”的救荒策略也是古代民本经济观中“养民”理念的重要体现,即发生灾害时,官府通过实施重大工程来促进就业,实现经济社会稳定发展。
④民本经济观还有具体的理想蓝图。
《礼记》提出“大道之行也,天下为公”的理想,描绘了“使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,矜寡孤独废疾者,皆有所养”的大同蓝图。
一、《德意志意识形态》原文:马克思、恩格斯合作撰写了《德意志意识形态》,第一次比较系统地阐述了历史唯物主义基本原理,标志着唯物史观的创立。
翻译:马克思和恩格斯共同创作了《德意志意识形态》,首次较为系统地阐述了历史唯物主义的基本原理,标志着唯物史观的诞生。
二、《四洲志》原文:是近代中国睁眼看世界的第一人。
他组织翻译了英国人慕瑞的《地理大全》,编成《四洲志》一书。
翻译:他是近代中国首位睁开眼睛看世界的先行者。
他组织翻译了英国人慕瑞所著的《地理大全》,编撰成《四洲志》一书。
三、《海国图志》原文:在1843年1月编成《海国图志》,提出了师夷长技以制夷”的思想,主张学习外国先进的军事和科学技术,以期富国强兵、抵御外国侵略,开创了中国近代向西方学习的新风。
翻译:在1843年1月,他编撰了《海国图志》,提出了“师夷长技以制夷”的思想,主张学习外国的先进军事和科学技术,以期富国强兵、抵御外国侵略,开创了中国近代向西方学习的新风尚。
四、《救亡决论》原文:写了《救亡决论》一文,响亮地喊出了救亡”的口号。
在甲午战争后,翻译了《天演论》。
他用物竞天择”适者生存”的社会进化论思想,为危机意识和民族意识提供了理论根据。
翻译:他撰写了《救亡决论》一文,高声呼喊“救亡”的口号。
在甲午战争之后,翻译了《天演论》。
他以“物竞天择,适者生存”的社会进化论思想,为危机意识和民族意识提供了理论依据。
五、《天朝田亩制度》原文:领导太平天国运动,颁布的《天朝田亩制度》,是最能体现太平天国社会理想和这次农民起义特色的纲领性文件。
翻译:他领导太平天国运动,颁布了《天朝田亩制度》,这是最能体现太平天国社会理想和这次农民起义特色的纲领性文件。
六、《资政新篇》原文:提出了一个统筹全局的改革方案——《资政新篇》,《资政新篇》是中国近代历史上第一个比较系统的发展资本主义的方案。
翻译:他提出了一项统筹全局的改革方案——《资政新篇》,《资政新篇》是中国近代历史上第一个较为系统的发展资本主义的方案。
目的论视角下的政论文体翻译——以2019年《政府工作报告》的翻译为例作者:童玲来源:《校园英语》 2019年第14期文/童玲【摘要】政论文体一般从政治角度阐述或评论当前重大事件和社会问题的议论文,用词规范、严谨、庄重,具有中国政治特色的词汇较多,因而给翻译带来了较多困难。
本文以2019年《政府工作报告》的英译版本为例,根据政论文在词汇、句法、语篇三个方面的特点,探讨了政论文的几种翻译方法,为日后从事政论文翻译提供借鉴。
【关键词】目的论;政论文体;政府工作报告;翻译【作者简介】童玲(1989.10-),女,汉族,湖北宜昌人,成都师范学院外国语学院,硕士,助教,研究方向:外国语言学及应用语言学。
引言《政府工作报告》是典型的政论文,通常包含了中国政府在各项关键问题和各领域上的立场和态度,他的英译版本也为国内外读者了解中国和中国的对内对外政策打开了一扇窗。
中国政府的官方行动指南和工作精神在其中得以体现,内容详尽,包罗万象,行文严谨,力求措辞恰当,全面客观,重点突出,文风朴实。
与传统“等值观”不同,德国功能目的论注重的不是译文与原文是否对等,而是强调译者在翻译过程中以译文的预期功能为出发点,根据各种语境因素,选择最佳处理方法。
也就是说,译者的翻译策略必须由译文的预期目的或功能决定。
一、目的论概述Skopos Theory(目的论)这一术语是由德国翻译目的学派重要创始人汉斯·弗米尔(Vermeer)提出的,通常用来指译文的目的。
这些目的一般划分为三类:1.译者的基本目的,如谋生;2.译文的交际目的,如启迪读者;3.使用某种特殊的翻译手段所要达到的目的,如为了说明某种语言中的语法结构的特殊之处采用按其结构直译的方式。
但是通常情况下,“目的”指的是译文的交际目的,即“译文在译人语社会文化语境中对译入语读者产生的交际功能”。
根据弗米尔的目的论的理论框架,决定翻译目的的最重要因素之一就是译文读者或受众,即译文所意指的接受者,这些译文的接受者都有自己的文化背景知识、交际需求以及对译文的期待。
江苏省南京鼓楼区2024届英语七年级第二学期期末联考模拟试题满分120分,时间90分钟一、单项选择(共10小题,满分10分)1、Jack’s grandfather lives ________ in that big house but he never feels ________.A. alone;aloneB. lonely;lonelyC. alone;lonelyD. lonely;alone2、Tom was very happy because the toy car moved again after he ________ fixed it all the morning.A. quicklyB. suddenlyC. carefullyD. easily3、A:Is this novel ________ book?B:No, it’s Helen’s. I left ________ at home.A. your, mineB. yours, mineC. your, itsD. you, mine4、—How about spending an evening at the ________?—Good idea! I just want to see a movie.A. cinemaB. restaurantC. hotelD. shop5、She usually ________ to music in the evening, but now she ________ TV.A. listen; is watchingB. listens; watchingC. listens; is watchingD. listens; watches6、—It’s already 7 p.m. Why are you so late today?—Sorry, but I worked ________ 6 p.m. and the traffic was busy.A. afterB. fromC. atD. till7、—________! How about going out for a walk?—Good idea!A. What nice weather it isB. How a nice the weather isC. What a nice weather isD. How nice is the weather8、How do you read the number "2547"?A. two thousands five hundreds and forty-sevenB. two thousand, five hundred and forty-sevenC. two thousands, five hundreds, forty-sevenD. two thousand and five hundred and forty-seven9、—Would you like some ________ in your tea?—Oh, yes, ________, please.A. candies; fewB. milk; a fewC. milk; a littleD. ice-cream; little10、I want to buy the red T-shirt because I think it can __________ good luck to me.A. takeB. bringC. buyD. sell二、短文填空(10分)11、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的内容It’s 6:00 on Friday night. The Greens ____1____ (talk) about the holiday. They want to go to different ____2____ (place). They find their best ways to travel.James wants to visit his grandma. It is 5 kilometers away from ____3____ (he) home. So he can get to his grandma’s home by subway.Mrs Green and Kate want to go to the beach in another city. ____4____ they don’t want to catch the plane. They want to enjoy their way ____5____ (slow). So one of the best ways of travelling for them is to take a train.Mr Green wants to visit London. He ____6____ (go) there once last year and knew his way around. He plans to take just one bag ____7____ him. It is not heavy. Driving his own car is ____8____ good idea.Ann likes long journeys(旅行). It is so great ____9____ (make) friends with others. She likes to talk with them. Next week she wants to travel to Paris. ____10____ is the weather like? She is thinking about taking a plane.三、语法填空(10分)12、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Is Emerging as a New Growth Engine for the WorldIn the context of deep-going economic globalization, China and Asia are emerging as an economic power house for the world. The expansion of the world economy, on the other hand, is generating fresh opportunities of significance for China and Asia as well. The further development of mutually beneficial cooperation and increased interdependence among various economies, on the other hand, will undoubtedly open up broad vistas for the global economic growth.Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program initiated by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation unprecedented in history. Our overall national strength has enhanced markedly and the people's living standard improved steadily. Carrying forward the glory of their ancient civilization, the l.3 billion Chinese people are creating a new history as they press forward in a concerted effort and a pioneering spirit along the high road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.China has set a goal for the first 20 years of this century which is to firmly seize the major strategic opportunities to build China, in an all-round way, into a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard, which is of great benefit to its more than one billion people. By 2020, China's GDP will have quadrupled from the figure of 2000, amounting to approximately 4 trillion US dollars, with a per-capita level of some 3,000 US dollars. This will result in further developed economy, enhanced democracy, advanced science and education, enriched culture, improved social harmony and an upgraded texture of life for the people.To achieve this goal, we will adopt a scientific approach in the process of guiding the economic and social development. We will stick to the principle of putting the people first, always keeping the fundamental interests of the broad masses at heart, and endeavoring to satisfy their growing material and cultural needs so as to achieve the comprehensive development of man. We will focus on economic development, making development our central task or top priority with a view to achieving a well-rounded progress ——economically, politically and culturally ——in the building of a harmonious society. We will persist in the reform to develop a socialist market economy, furthering the innovation of institutional mechanisms, deepening the reforms aimed at galvanizing creative vitality of society and activating from within the dynamics for economic and social development. We will adhere to our basic policy of opening to the outside world so as to establish a more open market system, enabling the country to participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition in greater scopes and wider fields and at higher levels. We will follow a new course of industrialization to transform China's economic structures and to promote changes in the mode of economic growth by improving quality and efficiency. We will do a good job of developing a circular economy to build a resource-efficient and environment-friendly society. By so doing we will embark on a path to renewed development characterized by higher productivity, improved livelihood and a sustainable eco-system.China's development and the development of Asia and the world as a whole are closely interrelated. The development of China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and all over the world. China will keep opening up its market step by step. We will try to explore new ways of attracting foreign capital, improve the legal framework for encouraging and protecting foreign investment, streamline the management of businesses with foreign elements, and step up the protection of intellectual property rights. Great efforts will be made to create a more favorable business climate to facilitate economic and trade cooperation outwardly and to make things smooth for the inflow of foreign investment.中国的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量在经济全球化趋势深入发展的条件下,中国及亚洲的发展正在成为世界经济发展新的推动力量,世界经济发展也将给中国及亚洲发展带来新的重要机遇。
世界各国经济互利合作、相互依存的加深,必将给全球经济增长创造更加美好的前景。
1978年实行邓小平先生倡导的改革开放政策以来,中国发生了前所未有的深刻变革。
中国的综合国力显著增强,人民生活不断改善。
中国人民在继承和发扬古老文明的基础上创造了新的历史。
现在,13亿中国人民正万众一心地在中国特色社会主义道路上开拓前进。
中国已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标,这就是紧紧抓住重要战略机遇期,全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会。
到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到40000亿美元左右,人均国内生产总值达到3000美元左右,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。