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Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
In some societies, McDonaldization has met resistance to the invasion of too much culture from other countries.
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Analyzing the text by explaining key terms
1 Culture
the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior
e.g. athletic sports, cooking, funeral ceremonies, medicine, and sexual restrictions (Anthropologist George Murdock) (Para.2)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
1. 人们对衣食住的需求 → people’s need for food, shelter, and clothing
2. 推出新概念 → introducing a new idea
3. 解除现有的工作关系 → sweep away existing working relationships
4. 改变社会传统和习俗
It is more resistant to change than material culture.
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
10 Cultural lag
→ transform the traditions and customs of the society
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Task 1
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Collocation
1 Translate the following expressions related to sociology into English (P96)
In Austria: the McDonald’s organization has drawn on Austrians’ love of coffee, cake, and conversation to create the McCafe fast-food chain. (Para.ogy Matters
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Collocation
Examples:
In Canada: 35% of a station’s daytime radio programming is required be devoted to Canadian songs or artists. (Para.10)
In Brazil: Barbie’s popularity has been eclipsed by Susi, a doll that looks more like Brazilian girls. (Para.10)
e.g. Starbucks in China (Para.6)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
5 Diffusion
the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society.
the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions
e.g. the ethics of using the Internet, such as issues concerning privacy and censorship (Para.12)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
2 Cultural universals
adaptations to meet essential human needs, such as people’s need for food, shelter, and clothing
identification of a new moon of Saturn(Para.5)
2) invention: an invention results when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before. e.g. the bow and arrow, automobile, the Internet (Para.5)
5. 削弱社会文化中的特殊方面 → dilute the distinctive aspects of a society’s culture 6. 来自于其他国家的文化侵略 → the cultural invasion from other countries 7. 满足人类的需求和欲望 → satisfy human needs and desires 8. 关于隐私和审查的问题 → issues concerning privacy and censorship
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
McDonaldization is associated with the melting of cultures.
Examples:
In Japan: African entrepreneurs have found a thriving market for hip-pop fashions popularized by teens in the United States. (Para.9)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
9 Nonmaterial culture
ways of using material objects and customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication
5
Sociology Matters
Cultures all share certain basic characteristics despite differences. In this unit we will see how those characteristics change as cultures develop, and how cultures influence one another through their technological, commercial, and artistic achievements.
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
4 Globalization
the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas
e.g. Diffusion can occur through a variety of means: exploration, military conquest, missionary work, the influence or the mass media, tourism, and the Internet. (Para.7)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
7 Technology
cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
