Attributive Claus1
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attributive clause
先行词
定 语 从 句
关系代词who;whom
Who（主格）先行词指人，在定语从句中做主 语或宾语。Whom（宾格），先行词指人，在 从句中做宾语，关系代词做宾语时通常可以省 略。
The man who is talking to my father is a professor.
He is the man (who/whom) I saw in the reading-room yesterday.
关系代词wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱose 的用法
The boy got the first prize. The boy’s father is an engineer.
The boy whose father is an engineer got the first prize.
窗户朝南的房间是我的。
The room whose windows face south is mine.
5little gift. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
The most beautiful place that I visited has places and the people that 6避免关联词在一个句子中重复时 I have visited left a deep impression on me. is Jiuzhaigou. Who is the man that is am looking speech to He is the very man that I making a for. the students?
Beijing is the place where I was born.
Attributive Clause定语全面从句讲解
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
1.A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2.The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
the machine = that
3.The boy whose/of which parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.
(6)As的用法
在定语从句中，一般的从句关系代词是which、 who、whom、that、 whose, 其代替主句中的人 或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。 一、as引导限制性定语从句 主要固定结构有： the same…as , such…as, as…as , so…as, 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需 选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (5)当先行词既有人又有物。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.
Attributive-clause
不做主语，宾语，表语，则用where
which 引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句
Attributive clauses
Definition
• An attributive clause(定语从句) is a subordinate clause（从句） used as attributive（定语）, which follows an antecedent（先行词）.
• An antecedent is a noun(名词) or pronoun（代词）.
• 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的 工作。
Summary
• 6个抽象地点名词: • point 地步; • case 情况; • activity 活动; • situation 情况; • position 境地,位置; • job 工作; • 另外，语法学案中出现 occasion 场合 • 以上名词作先行词时，如果在定语从句中
• the boy 是先行词, 在定语从句中做主语
• 4. I want to meet the boy whom you talked about just now .
• the boy是先行词, 在定语从句中做about 的宾语
• 5. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
• 5.The man is said to come from a town _(w__h_ic_h__/t_h_a_t)__ nobody knew.
• 6.That is the age _w_h_e_n_/_in__w_h_i_c_h__people live in peace and happiness.
which 引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句
Attributive clauses
Definition
• An attributive clause(定语从句) is a subordinate clause（从句） used as attributive（定语）, which follows an antecedent（先行词）.
• An antecedent is a noun(名词) or pronoun（代词）.
• 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的 工作。
Summary
• 6个抽象地点名词: • point 地步; • case 情况; • activity 活动; • situation 情况; • position 境地,位置; • job 工作; • 另外，语法学案中出现 occasion 场合 • 以上名词作先行词时，如果在定语从句中
• the boy 是先行词, 在定语从句中做主语
• 4. I want to meet the boy whom you talked about just now .
• the boy是先行词, 在定语从句中做about 的宾语
• 5. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
• 5.The man is said to come from a town _(w__h_ic_h__/t_h_a_t)__ nobody knew.
• 6.That is the age _w_h_e_n_/_in__w_h_i_c_h__people live in peace and happiness.
定语从句(attributive clause)
or which
Please tell me the reason why you missed the phone. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
我住在纽约的那个兄弟有6个孩子。（可能还有其他兄弟）
My brother, who lives in New York, has six children.
我弟弟有6个孩子，他住在纽约。（只有这一个兄弟）
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why • when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语，也可用on which 代替
• 当先行词指“物”时，在定语从句中可以作主语， 也可以作宾语，关系代词用which/that • A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
A plane is a machine that can fly. Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
Is this watch which he is looking for? The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.
含有介词的动词短语，介词一般仍放在动词的后面， 不分开
Tom came back, which made us happy. I said nothing, which made him very angry.
• 当先行词指“人”时，在定语从句中作宾语时， 关系代词用whom. • The man whom I telephoned is out.
Please tell me the reason why you missed the phone. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
我住在纽约的那个兄弟有6个孩子。（可能还有其他兄弟）
My brother, who lives in New York, has six children.
我弟弟有6个孩子，他住在纽约。（只有这一个兄弟）
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why • when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语，也可用on which 代替
• 当先行词指“物”时，在定语从句中可以作主语， 也可以作宾语，关系代词用which/that • A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
A plane is a machine that can fly. Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
Is this watch which he is looking for? The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.
含有介词的动词短语，介词一般仍放在动词的后面， 不分开
Tom came back, which made us happy. I said nothing, which made him very angry.
• 当先行词指“人”时，在定语从句中作宾语时， 关系代词用whom. • The man whom I telephoned is out.
attributive clause(定语从句)
as与which在引导非限制定语从句中的区别：
3. 如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，则as与 which 两者皆可。如： He won the game, as / which we had expected. 4.如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语，一般用 which。 E.g. My father came back safely, which delighted us.
as与which在引导非限制定语从句中的区 别
1. ______ he later admitted, it was a stupid thing to do. A. Which B. As 2. It was, ______ he later admitted, a stupid thing to do. A. which B. as 3. It was a stupid thing to do, ______ he later admitted. A. which B. as
5．主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊 疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。 E.g. Who is the lady that is waiting at the school gate? 6. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 如：He is no longer the simpleminded man that he was five years ago.
非限制性定语从句（ Non-defining Attributive Clauses ）
Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose→ “people” which, whose→ “things” as, Relative Adverbs: when, where,
Attributive clause 定语从句总结
关系代词:
who whom
whose
先 行 词 是 人
These are the students who / that won the first place last year.
that
which
先行词是物
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
Have a try
5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( 定语 ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( 介宾 ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( 宾语 ) 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. 状语
以下情况只能用that 1 先行词既有指人又有指物 2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the only, the very 等修饰时 3 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing 等不定代词 4 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时 5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时
•
The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name?
•I have 5 books.
a sleeping boy
• They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack. •It is a swimming pool.
Attributive Clause(2)
Attributive Clause(定语从句) 先行词 : n, pron relative pron.关系代词 关系代词 1) which, that 2) who, that, whom 3) whose 4) as relative adv.关系副词 关系副词 1) when 2) where
whose “……的”，既可以指人，也可以指物， 既可以指人，也可以指物， 的 作定语 Look at the building , whose roof is white . , the roof of which is white. The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident . I saw trees whose leaves were smoked black.
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who/ that is smiling is Tom.
(主语 主语) 主语
The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who/that sits in front of me is Tom.
who/that 14) The number of people __________were killed or injured reached more than 40,000. 15) Workers built shelters for people ________homes had whose been destroyed. that 16) All_______glitters is not gold. 17) This is one of the best films ______I have ever seen. that that 18) Who is the man______is standing by the door.
whose “……的”，既可以指人，也可以指物， 既可以指人，也可以指物， 的 作定语 Look at the building , whose roof is white . , the roof of which is white. The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident . I saw trees whose leaves were smoked black.
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who/ that is smiling is Tom.
(主语 主语) 主语
The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who/that sits in front of me is Tom.
who/that 14) The number of people __________were killed or injured reached more than 40,000. 15) Workers built shelters for people ________homes had whose been destroyed. that 16) All_______glitters is not gold. 17) This is one of the best films ______I have ever seen. that that 18) Who is the man______is standing by the door.
attributive clause
刘亦菲是一个女人。
刘亦菲是一个漂亮的女人。 一个漂亮的
Liu Yifei is a woman. Liu Yifei is a beautiful girl . Liu Yifei is a girl who/that is beautiful. beautiful
定语从句（attributive clause)
物 地点 时间 原因 注意：
1.做宾语时，关系词可省；2.只有that可做表 语；3. who 和 that不能用于介词后面。
Ⅰ.翻译以下句子: (先行词是人时 ) 1)她是唱歌最好的女孩。
She is the girl who/that sings best of all.
2)医生是在医院里工作的人。
I never really understand the reason why he made such a serious mistake.
• 1.I thank the woman who /that helps me a lot. • 2.The man (whom /that)I saw was jone. • 3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. • 4.The class whose window is broken is class 4.
1.Qu Xian is a small city where I was born.
1.渠县是我出生的小城市。 2.达州外国语学校是我学习的地方。 3.德惠超市是我常去购物的地方。 4.德惠超市是东西很贵的地方。
2.Da Zhou Foreign Language School is a place where I live.
初中英语语法之——定语从句
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who， 如： / whohas a sense of duty won’t 1) Any man that __________ do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests___________ that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, 错 is very famous here. (___) 2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (____) 对 2. 介词后不能用。 which get 1) We depend on the land from ______we our food. that/which 2) We depend on the land _____________we get our food from.
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： that they visited in London was The first place ______ the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film______ that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
合并为一个句子
定语从句(attributive clause)
（2）.在there be 结构中，并且先行词 是人;
who asks for There is a young man _____ your help.
7. whom指人，是宾格，作宾语 （介宾短语） (1). The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. =The person who/whom/that you just talked to is Mr Li. (2). Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. =Mrs Read is the person who/whom/that you should write to.
8.whose是who的所有格，用作名 词的限定语，先行词可以是人也可 以是物。 (1). This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (2). Would you please pass me the book whose cover is blue?
定语从句 (The Attributive Clause)
高一
Review： 定义： 在复合句中，修饰名词
或代词的从句叫做定语 从句。(P90)
1.分类
（1）限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）。 译为定语“......的” （2）非限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）或前面 整个句子。 主句和从句中有逗号。
（3）.有人、物同时作先行词时；
eg: The old woman scolded (骂) her that grand-daughter and her dog ____ broke her glasses.
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Attributive Clause第十四单元定语从句14 1 1 定义在句子中起定语做用的从句叫做定语从句（attributive clause）英语的定义从句一般皆放在它所修饰的名（代）词之后，这一点与汉语不同。
如：The $25 billion tax cut that he (Carter) will propose is designed to revive business confidence.卡特将提出的减税二百五十亿美金的计划，目的在于恢复企业界的信心。
Anyone who chooses can apply.有意者均可申请。
I know the man you mean.我知道你说的那个人。
He is man whom everybody respects.他是一个大家都尊敬的人。
14．1 2 功用定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的，但间或可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。
如：he may have acute appendicitis, in which case he will have to go hospital and operated on.他可能得了急性阑尾炎，如果是这样，他就得住院动手术。
（修饰整个句子。
）she was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
（修饰句子的一部分：patient towards the children.）14 2 限制性与非限制性定语从句14．2．1限制性定语从句对于(restrictive attributive clause) 对于说明句子意义来说必要不可少，如果取消它，句子的意思就不完整，甚至会被严重歪曲。
通常不用语调或逗号把它和句子的其余部分分开。
如：A man who doesn’t know how to learn from others can’t hope to achieve much.一个不会向别人学习的人，是不能指望有多少成就的。
The man who spoke last was Dr. Johnson.最后一个发言的人是约翰逊博士。
Have you set the day when you will move?你搬迁的日子定了吗？What was it that he wanted?他到底要什么？14.2.2非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive attributive clause)对于说明句子意义来说未必不可少，与其所修身养性的成分关系不十分密切，只是对它作附加的说明；如果省略掉，剩下的部分意思仍很清楚（非限制性定语从句前面及后面一般皆有逗号以主句隔开）如She is going to spend the summer in Qingdao, where she has some friends and relatives.她打算到青岛去过夏天，在那里她有一些亲戚和朋友。
Western politicians in their messages of condolence acclaimed Zhou En-lai as one of the greatest statesmen of our ear, which undoubtedly he was.西方政治家在他们的唁电中把周恩来称为我们时代最伟大的政治家之一，毫无疑问他是当之无愧的。
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，它有许多用途。
14.3.1 whowho是主格，在定语从句中作主语，只可指人。
如：A professional is a person who teaches or engages in some kind of sport for money.职业运动员从事教练工作或某一项运动是要领取酬金的。
Nobody who understands the subject would say such a thing.懂得这一行的人是不会说这种话的。
14.3.2 whomwhom是宾格，在定与从句中作宾语，只可指人。
它在限制性定语从中常可省略。
如：I have just met an author (whom) I have always admired.我刚遇到一位我一直敬佩的作家。
The gentleman (whom) she met with addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。
14.3.3 thatthat 在定语从句中既可作主语，亦可作宾语。
既可指人，亦可指物，但在当代英语里多指物，如：Is he the man that sells eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？（用作主语，指人。
）Water that is impure often causes serious illness.不洁的水常会引起重病。
（用作主语，指物。
）Have you got everything (that) you need?你所须要的东西都带了吗？（用作宾语，指物。
）The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane.仍在等待的乘客和行礼只得改搭另一架飞机。
（这里必须用that,因为它在此既指物。
）14.3.4 whichwhich在定语从句中指物，可用作主语，亦可用作宾语（在限制性定语从句中有时可省略）。
如“She was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到达的那列火车上。
（用作主语）The dog which was lost has been found.丢失的狗找到了。
（用作主语）This is the book (which) you wanted.这就是你要的那本书。
（用作宾语，可省略。
）This is the most magnificent building (which) I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最宏伟富丽的建筑。
（用作宾语，可省略。
）14.3.5. whosewhose是所有格，在定语从中用作定语，多指人，如：You’re the only one who se advice he might listen to.只有你的话他可能会听。
（用作定语，返指one,修饰名词advice.）The boys whose names were called stood up.叫到名字的男孩们站起来。
（用作定语，返指boys,修饰名词names.）Whose有时也可指物，如：I’d like a room whose windows look out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
（用作定语，返指room,修饰windows.）Whose 指物时可以用of which代替.14.3.6 asas在定语从句中可作主语，亦可用作宾语，既可指人，也可指物，如：Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.你描写的那种人现今已很少见了。
（用作宾语，指人。
）Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的妇女都认为他迷人。
（用作作主语，指人）Let’s discuss only such questions as concer n everyone of us.我们只谈与我们每个都有关的问题吧。
（用作主语，指物。
）You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.你必须像尊敬我一样地尊敬我的夫人。
（用作宾语，指物。
）14.4 定语从句中的关系副词14.4.1 whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，它的先行词是表示时间的名词。
如：He came at a time when I least expected him.他在我最想不到的时候来了。
（when修饰time.）-July and August are the months when the weather is cold in Newzland.七八月份是新西兰天气很冷的月份。
（when修饰months.）14.4.2 wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，它的先行词须是表示地点的名词。
如：I came to London, where I found him.我来到了伦敦，我在那儿见到了他。
（where修饰London.）A stone marks the spot where the treaty was signed.有一块石头标致着那个签订条约的地方。
（where修饰spot.）14.4.3 whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词只有reason一词。
如：Do you know the reason why I left early?你知道我为什么早走吗？（why修饰the reason.）The reason why he failed was his laziness.先行词reason如不强调，常可省去，如：That is why he came here.那就是他来这里的原因。
That’s why she spoke.那就是她为什么发言的原因。