定语从句 The Attributive Clause

Time: Class:Subject: the Attributive Clause Lecturer:Type: Grammar lessonTeaching Aims:Revise and master the Attributive Clause introduced by relative pronouns or adverbs and improve the students’ ability to use it.Important points:1. Master the usages and function of the relative pronouns—that /which2. “the way” is used as the antecedent3. prep.+ the relative pronounsDifficult points:1. Master the usages of “as”in the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-attributive Clause.2. Master the special usage of “where”3. The combination or comparison of the Restrictive Attributive Clause with the other clauses.Methods:1. InductionparisonTeaching Aids: multimedia systemTeaching Procedures:Step 1. Leading inTeach the students an English song which is also a gift to them. At the end, ask them to connect the two sentences I give with the Attributive ClauseStep 2. The Revision of the relative pronouns and adverbsSum up the different functions of the relative pronouns and adverbs. Step 3.Summarise the important and difficult points of the Attributive Clause1. Master the usages and function of the relative pronouns—that /whichSum up the situations where “that”or “which”must be used in the Attributive Clause2. Master the usages of the relative pronouns and adverbs when “the way”is used as the antecedentSum up the skills of solving this problem.3. Special attention to the usage of “ prep. + Which/ wh om/ whose+ n."Sum up the skills of solving this problem4. Master the usages of “as” in the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-attributive Clause.Sum up the skills of solving this problem5. Master the special usage of “where”When “p oint, situation, part, condition or case”are modified by the Attributive Clause , “where” should be used to introduce the clause.6. Review the combination or comparison of the Restrictive Attributive Clause with the other clauses.(1)Compare the Attributive Clause with the Ascentive Clause。

The Attributive Clause 定语从句教案课题：定语从句The Attributive Clause一．教学目标本节课之前，学生已经对定语从句有所了解。

本节课列出定语从句的9个基础知识点，要求学生在45分钟之内全部理解并掌握。

(1)语言目标:能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。

在活动中训练学生的听力，口头表达能力，培养学生的观察，想象和创造力。

(2)情感目标:促进同学间积极合作交流，发展同学间的友谊。

二．教学内容定语从句基础知识及练习:定语从句是中考考察的语法重点之一，是学生理解长难句及各类文章的基础，因此本节课的内容十分重要。

本人将以讲练结合的方式，是学生掌握定语从句的基础知识。

三．教学设计：相对于阅读、口语、听力等课堂，语法课堂经常是课堂气氛沉闷，学生理解相对困难，效率不佳。

针对这些问题，我创新教学方法，以视听课的形式讲解语法。

即影视语法课。

四．教学方法教学有法，教无定法; 一法为主，多法配合。

1.多媒体教学法贯穿整个授课过程，交际法，情景教学法灵活配合。

2.讲练结合，使学生通过即时练习掌握所学要点。

3.充分利用多媒体教学设备，使用自制PPT课件授课，特点：大容量，高效率等。

4. 双语授课（以学生为本，根据学生实际水平，改变英语授课的方式，使各层次的学生都能理解)。

五．教学重难点：重点：定语从句语法知识点难点：理解与应用。

六．教学过程：1.Who，whom指人, who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom只作宾语, 作宾语时可省略。

例如：The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America. 练习：略2. which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。

例如： I’m not interested in the book which has just been published. 练习：略3. that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。

语法知识---定语从句(The Attributive Clause)1 .But the one million people of the city, who thought of little these events, were asleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing , which is more than two hundred kilometers away.3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Can you figure out the similar laws/rules of these sentences structure?Can you find the similar sentences in para4?1. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.2. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.The team who were wearing green won the game finally. （划分句子成分）一.定语从句及相关概念1、定语从句（The Attributive Clause)：在句中作定语，修饰某一名词或代词(甚至整个主句)的从句。

2、先行词（Antecedent)：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。

The Attributive Clause定语从句导学案一.教学目标:1. 知识目标:复习总结定语从句句子结构及关系词that与which的用法。

2.能力目标：能理解掌握定语从句并正确运用关系词that与which及关系副when, where与why。

并能灵活运用定语从句3.情感目标：一分耕耘，一分收获。

努力了，就会有收获。

一切皆有可能。

二.复习策略：精讲精练，合作学习，总结归纳。

三.复习重难点：1.怎样正确使用关系词做定语从句。

2.定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况。

3.定语从句中只能用which不用that的情况。

四.教学过程：Step1:Lead in:Free talkStep2:一、定语Group work:小组讨论下列斜体字是什么词,哪些是短语或从句。

（小组长帮助解决）His desk ________ Tom’s father________a beautiful city _______ three teachers________women teachers ________ in the room above________a developing country_________a developed country _________There is nothing to do today._________an article about how to learn English _________a city which is beautiful __________定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

二定语从句1. 含义定语从句：______________________________定语从句位置：________________________________Mary is a girl who has long hair.(修饰girl)This is the classroom where we study.(修饰classroom)2. 如何改写成定语从句？I love the girl. The girl has long hair.I love the girl who has long hair.写法：①找出__________的共有成分；②将_____中的共有成分去掉；③用_____引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后。

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如：You said you couldn’t understand people who talked fast.I like music that I can dance to.上面两句中的people和music是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when。

关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

OVER●关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句that 在从句中作主语或宾语A plane is a machine that can fly. (that 在从句中作主语)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作宾语)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (作主语)Tell your partner about things that are the same and different between you and a member of your family or a friend.The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. (作宾语)*She lives in a house that she built herself out of trash. (作宾语)The lessons that he taught were not easily forgotten. (他所教的课不易被忘记。

)Everywhere that Mary goes, the lamb is sure to go. (儿歌歌词)which在从句中作主语或宾语They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语) The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)who, whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主语)The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主语)（应该可以改为The person whom (whom这里应该可以省略) you you just talked to is Mr. Li.）Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. (作宾语)(=Mrs Read is the person whom(whom这里应该可以省略) you should write to.)whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语用作名词的限定语；whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的，也可为非限制性的。

The attributive clauseTeaching aims:1. Let the Ss preview the attributive clause2. Enable the Ss to understand what is the attributive clause and to use it freely. The difficult and important points：1. The special use of “where”.2. Enable the Ss to distinguish the attributive clause , the none clause , and the emphatic sentenceTeaching procedures:I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

Exercises1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as3. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this4. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.A. whomB. whoC. /D. he5. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.A. who live next doorB. which lives next doorC. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door6. Don‟t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.A. /, toB. that, /C. where, toD. which, there7. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there8. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：Exercises1. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. thatC. /D. it2. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all3. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. ThatB. WhoC. The one whoD. The students who4. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /5. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are6. Those _____ made no mistakes in today‟s exercises please raise your hands.A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who7. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.A. whatB. whichC. asD. ./III. as与which的区别：as\that\which1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.模拟训练：1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.A. as; himB. that; /C. as; /D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.A. the same; asB. the same; whereC. the same ; thatD. as the same; asIV. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可用介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导定语从句1. Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?2. Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?3. Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?4. Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?5. He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn‟t been cleaned for at least a year.11. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.12. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.用法小结：V. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：牛刀小试：1. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there2. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?A. whereB. in thatC. thatD. which3. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which4. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?A. thatB. whenC. whatD. on that5. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A. at whatB. whenC. thatD. where6. October 1,1949 i s the day _____ we‟ll never forget.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. in which7. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People‟s Republic of China was founded.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which8. Is this the shop _____ sells children‟s cloth ing?A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. what9. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?A. thatB. whichC. whereD. the one10. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where11.The rapid development of communication technology is transforming the manner ____people communicate across time and spaceA, in which B. when C. where D. whose12.China is the birthplace of kites,____ kite--flying spread to Japan, Korea and India.A. from thatB. from hereC. from thereD. from whichⅵ. the way用做先行词填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1. The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2. The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.高考题链接：3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way whichⅶ一些特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。

the attributive clause 定语从句一．定义：在复合句中修饰，限定某一n. pron或相当于n的词组或句子的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句也叫形容词性从句。

二．模式：先行词+引导词+从句1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象叫先行词，先行词通常是名词词组，但也可以是整个句子或句中述及的某一事件。

2.引导词即关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

3.关系词：关系代词：who whom whose that which as关系副词：when where why4.关系词通常有下列三个作用：1）引导定语从句2）代替先行词3）在定语从句中担当一个成分，关系代词在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。

关系副词在从句中作状语。

三．定语从句的分类1.限定性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰，限制，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉这个从句，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

在形式上，关系词与先行词之间无逗号。

2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词不是进行修饰，限制而是对先行词进行补充和进一步说明，若去掉，主句仍能表达完整意思。

在形式上，先行词与关系词之间有一逗号。

常译成主句的并列句。

Eg: 1) The students who went to see the film were very disappointed.2) The students, who went to see the film, were very disappointed.四．定语从句的用法1）who引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作主语或宾语。

Eg. Is there any other reader who wants to renew his book?His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818.2) whom引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中常可省略，在口语或非正式语中也可用who代替。