二轮复习--时态与语态

考点四动词的时态和语态考向研究高考对时态和语态的考查往往把两者结合起来进行，主要考查的时态有一般时、进行时、完成时等；借助时间状语确定所用时态；固定句式中的时态。

对语态的考查主要表现在各种时态的语态形式，主、被动的混用等方面。

技法点击关注几种时态的标志词1．表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时。

every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等表示频率的时间状语是标志词。

Light travels at 300,000 kilometers a second.光以每秒30万千米的速度传播。

2．表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时。

yesterday，last week，two days ago，the other day，in 1998，时间段＋later等时间状语是标志词。

When I was at school，I often went to the cinema on Sundays.上学时，我星期天经常去看电影。

3．表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时。

tomorrow，next year，in a week等时间状语是标志词。

When shall we know the examination result?我们什么时候知道考试结果？4．表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时。

all the time，now，at this moment，at present等时间状语是标志词。

I don’t actually work here.I am helping out until the new secretary comes.事实上我不在这儿工作。

新秘书到来前我在这儿帮忙。

5．表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果产生的影响现在还存在，或持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时。

专题一单项填空考点的现象。

[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解。

每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”。

然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的。

攻略1句式结构分析法分析句式结构，明确句子成分，特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的。

在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号、连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句。

这类题型的选项大致分为两类：1.连词和代词的混合选项；2.纯连词。

如果是复合句，要严格按照以下两个思路答题：(1)分析何种从句；(2)分析引导词作何种成分。

[典例1](2016·浙江高考，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.A．whom B．whichC．what D．thatB[如果学生把先行词误认为scientists，容易错选A项。

分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。

先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。

][典例2]He wrote five novels，two of________translated into English.A．it B．themC．which D．thatB[此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C项，学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句。

事实上translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，不能用连词，所以正确答案是B项them。

若在translated前加上were，were translated就成了谓语动词，这时才可以选连词which。

高考英语语法专训(二轮复习)Part7动词的时态和语态Ⅰ.单句语法填空根据句意和结构，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。

1. At a young age，he________(move) to Spain and now plays professionally for the FC Barcelona.2.It ________(rain) at that time and the streets were full of holes which were full of water.3.I just graduated from West Coast University.I________(receive) jobs kill training just before that，but I had never worked.4. The full railway，which includes 72-kilometer section through Beijing________ (complete) in four and a half years.5. We ________(reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years，but cars are still major source of them.6.It's fun for amateurs to try，but to become good at it，not only years of practice but also natural talent________ (need) .7. The beauty of the views couldn't (imagine) and they left me with many great memories.8.It was the fourth time she (shop) online for hours.I had already reminded her to think twice before buying anything,but my wife ignored what I had said.9.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also________(give) us a sense of fair play and team spirit.10.The reason for this is that Britain's supermarkets________ (experience) huge changes in the past decades.11. The museum________ (become) a hit since it opened at the end of October.12.This was the first time I (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.13.It has been along time since we (meet) in China last time.14.Mr White (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.15.Besides high-speed rail，China ________(improve) people's lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.16.Since Zhangjiajie ________(improve) its transportation and service for long，the city now can receive 36,200 tourists per day.17.I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you________(feel) better.”18.The orchid(兰花) is well-known for its delicate smell. Beautiful articles and poems________(call) “lanzhang” by Chinese people in ancient times.19. “It will also improve cultural exchanges”, Zhang added “Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad to promote the development of cooking and we sincerely hope more cultural exchanges of this kind________(hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.”20.Hotpot restaurants can________(find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the qualityand taste can vary hugely.21.The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the original Song painting and one of its famous copies一the Qing version ________(hold) in the National Palace Muse-um in Taipei.22.The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times. Lots of relics on the road can still________ (see) now.23.Hans' idea________ (praise) and many reporters wrote a-bout it.Therefore, Hans' products quickly became famous.24.One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he________ (bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.25.Now, I'd like to share what I ________(learn) through Travel-ling Guide a few weeks ago.26.According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also________(express) their great concern about it.27.In the spring of the following year they make the long and t iring journey back to Britain.They get ________(settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they left the previous autumn.28.Doctors and scientists________ (learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years，29.There are many different taboos(禁忌) around the world.A taboo is a social action that is not ________(allow) .30.The market, which ________(call) Train Night Market Rat chad a in English，was opened in January 2015 and has become a popular spot for locals and tourists.31.By that time, she ________(accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in the U.S.32. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan________(carry) out in the past two years.II.单句改错1.The Spring Festival is approaching and many students want to go travelling .But I had made up my mind not to go anywhere. The reasons are as follows.2.There are many different types of Chinese.For example, one type known as Mandarin,had almost a billion speakers.3. I am remember the first time my parents and I talked about my dream of becoming a writer.4.At last, Xiao Ming was saved but the young man left without saying anything.We were all deeply moved by what he have done.st month, our class climbed Mount Tai，which was more than 1,500meters above sea level.6.Third, we should take more exercise to keep healthy.what's more, we'd better review what we had learned at school.7.I finally realized that something necessary had to done.It was time for a change.8.This will give me a head start on the day.I have also been decided to keep a record of what I do and when I do it.9.In the reply, the school promise to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged h im to have astrong belief in life.10.They laughed out happily when they read the short story I write about robots.11.Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada.12.Finally,I work harder than ever and made great progress in my math.13.Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday.When we were walki ng past the stalls, a loud noise was caught my attention.14.What's more, thousands of tourists from the word came here every year, which is really splendid.15.Today I’ve got wonderful news to tell you. I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.16.To collect to opinions from the public, an online survey has made these days.17.By June the students usually have been found their jobs and then they begin prep aring to enter the world of work.18.When summer came，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!19.Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.20.Today.at the local convenience store where I work, an elderly man with a guide dog come in.21.This morning, I got am email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Ⅰ.语篇语法填空(动词的时态、语态)AMy best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.________(remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.________(be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hair style, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed. However, Someone told me something that I will always remember，It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________(point) at me and laughed at me，I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise，someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “you 4.________(be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________(accept) you for who you 6.________(be).But if you can not accept yourself, then how will other people accept you.” I 7._______(inspire) by her words.Over the past few months, I 8.________(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________(love) me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________(tell) me.BIt was getting dark when I 1________(get) home.It was cold and I 2.________(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I 3.________(can) not find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4.________(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I knew my wife 5.________(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6.________(knock) at th e door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy 7.______(tell) me at noon. He said that my wife 8._______(phone) sa ying that she 9.______(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.There 10.______(be) only one thing for me to do：I had to climb in through a window.Part 7非谓语动词Ⅰ.单句语法填空根据句意和结构，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。

语法复习专题八动词的时态、语态I、时态重点难点解析高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。

题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。

英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。

一、动词的基本形式一览表1. 一般过去时和现在完成时1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。

I wrotea letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。

不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。

I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。

)2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。

It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。

(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。

It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。

(强调没停，一直持续)3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。

I have read that book. (已读完)2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。

I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)注：It is/was +时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词如果是持续性动词：表示自从某人不做某事已多久了：It is/was +时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词：表示自从某人做某事以来已多久了：Eg: It is ten years since he came here. 他来这儿已10年了。

2021年高考二轮（版）英语复习对点练：专题四动词的时态和语态 Word版含答案第一部分专题四Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we have(have) time for a game tomorrow. 2．—Hi, Tracy, you look tired.—I’m tired. I have_been_painting(paint) the living room all day. 3．I wondered why John kept it a secret. It was not until hehad_been_asked(ask) three times that he told me the truth.4．His wife, to whom he had_been_married(marry) for 20 years, was childless.5．Peter went to the library after breakfast and has_been_writing(write) his essay there ever since.6．We’ll visit our sister school in Denmark this summer.—How nice! You will_be_e_periencing(e_perience) a different culture then. 7．—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a new car.—I know. By ne_t month, he will_have_saved(save) enough for a new one. 8．—What is the procedure of the application?—All the applicants are_interviewed(interview) before a final decision is made by the authority. 9．—Haven’t I told you that you should be home earlier? —Yes, but I came(come) home earlier than I usually do.10．Mr.White had_worked(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.11．Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help have_been_offered(offer) since the organization was built.12．—What do you want for breakfast, Joe? —I think I will_have(have) some bread and milk.13．The project will_contribute(contribute) to developing the economy and reducing poverty when it is completed.14．—I thought you were(be) leaving for vacation tomorrow.—I had planned to, but I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow. 15．—That must have been a terrible e_perience.—Yeah. I was_stuck(stick) in the damaged car, unable to move. 16．This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it cuts(cut) well. 17．—What’s up? The house is in a mess.—Oh, I forgot to tell you. It is_being_repainted(repaint)．18．The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing- 1 -had_happened(happen) to her while we were together.19．E_periments on animals had_been_conducted(conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.20．In order to get good marks in the coming e_am, my sonhas_been_studying(study) late every night in the past three weeks. Ⅱ.单句改错1．I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I had been e_pecting him to call for the past two hours.【答案】had→have2．I have told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit for it. How about joining us?【答案】 have后加been3．—Why were you not at the concert last night?—I am watching a close game between Seattle and Miami. 【答案】am→was4．Slowly the old woman took out her pocket book, and an old photograph had dropped out of it.【答案】去掉had5．Hello! I’m calling to cancel the appointment I made with Dr.Smith. 【答案】 made前加have6．About China, the most frequently used word by pe ople is “e_citing”，since the country is changed every day.【答案】changed→changing7．Nowadays, cellphones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions are added.【答案】 are之后加being8．It is the third time Philip had been hospitalized in the past eight months. 【答案】had→have9．—I’d like to borrow this book, but I couldn’t find it on the shelf. —The book has been checked out. I’ll let you know as soon as it returned. 【答案】第二个it后加is10．Mr.Black is working in a big company in Shanghai and he works in New York for five years.【答案】works→worked11．Time flies like an arrow. I’m already in Senior Grade 3 before I realized it.- 2 -【答案】realized→realize12．He shares his office with a 23－year－old programmer who was still a teen when they meet.【答案】meet→met13．—What’s all that noise about outside?—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The road to the railway station is widened. 【答案】 is后加being14．—What are you doing, sir? What are you looking for?—Could you please keep quiet? I was looking for a piece of chocolate. 【答案】was→am15．—Can you tell me how many people will go to the e_hibition? —Of course. About 3,000 students from 15 schools have invited, and I think two－thirds will come.【答案】 have后加been16．—Miss Jones, do you know where the sales report is? —Isn’t it on your desk? I have put it back in the file after I read it. 【答案】去掉have17．The hostess of the party, who works as a tor for five years, is the president of a famous private school.【答案】works→worked18．Mary will had visited ten countries in twelve days by the time she gets back. 【答案】had→have19．Hardly has she arrived home when it began to rain. 【答案】has→had 20．By the time I graduated from high school, I have learned five thousand English words. 【答案】have→had Ⅲ.语法填空 Passage 1Since the one－baby policy 1.was_carried(carry) out in China, Chinese families have been shrinking from one with over 10 members to the other with only three including parents and one baby. Things 2.are(be) usually out of our e_pectation. Apart from the benefits that3.have_been_mentioned(mention) enough, now small families4.are_beginning(begin) to have their own problems. Because parents are having fewer children, they increasingly feel the need to control the lives of those children. As a result, many children5.are_becoming(become) lessindependent, determined and ambitious than in the past. - 3 -。

动词的时态和语态是高考常考的语法重点，考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境当中恰当并且准确地使用某一特定的时态，要熟练掌握常见的8种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态的句式以及各种时态的主动和被动形式。

动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。

考题创设的语境比较明确，通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。

在高考题语法填空中，通常以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。

侧重考查一般时、进行时及完成时。

考点1 一般时态1.（2020·全国II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.【答案】carries【解析】why引导表语从句，从句中主语为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。

【点拨】(1)一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often，always，from time to time等时间状语。

(2)表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。

(3)在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when，until，after，before，as soon as，once，the moment/the minute，the day 等；条件：if，unless，provided，so/as long as等。

(4)用于here，there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

2. （2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。