2012完全生存手册
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序号类别书名 1 英语沙龙初级版2004年(1—12月)合订本2 世界屋脊上的女人 3 英语沙龙实战版2004年(1—12月)合订本4 薄冰新编英语语法(精装本)5 吃一道美国风情菜6 夫妻笔记7 再看普京8 历史的教训——美国国家安全战略建言书9 20世纪的战争与和平10 狼的诱惑漫画版11 国际关系学名著系列新全球经济与发展中国家让开放起作用12 Brain美国口语脱口秀13 寻求复杂的平衡——国际安全机制与主权国家的参与14 高考英语36计(真题详解)15 创像作文——家长怎样辅导孩子写作文16 911迷雾——美国政府反恐决策内幕17 美国与中东和平进程研究18 100个世界景点背后的故事19 世界外交大辞典(上、下)20 象形英语——六级考研词汇说文解字21 高中英语词典22 战争狂人东条英机23 专制魔王墨索里尼24 热血豪胆巴顿25 战争赌徒山本五十六26 得心应手——西餐礼仪27 大器晚成艾森豪威尔28 胜利象征朱可夫29 坚韧不拔戴高乐30 稳扎稳打蒙哥马利31 桀骜不逊麦克阿瑟32 临危受命丘吉尔33 WHY海洋34 WHY青春期35 乱世枭雄戈林36 WHY动物37 WHY宇宙38 WHY植物39 汉英小词典40 学生英汉小词典41 英汉汉英小词典42 英汉小词典43 狼的诱惑(漫画终结版)44 全球化时代和马克思主义哲学45 中国油画十家——朱乃正46 WHY地球47 WHY昆虫48 WHY环境49 国际关系学名著系列遏制战略:战后美国国家安全政策评析50 剑桥插图德国史51 剑桥插图伊斯兰世界史52 英文诵典53 2005年度军备控制与裁军报告54 WHY人体55 WHY生命科学56 大转折——解读城市化与中国经济发展模式57 国际政治文化学导论58 买不得——日用商品的健康杀手大曝光59 美国对外政策的政治学60 外交部发言人揭秘61 职场东山再起8个步骤62创像作文三步速成法小学六年级63 创像作文三步速成法小学三年级64 创像作文三步速成法小学五年级65 创像作文三步速成法初中二年级66 创像作文三步速成法初中一年级67 创像作文三步速成法小学四年级68 中华人民共和国边界事务条约集:中吉卷69 中华人民共和国边界事务条约集:中塔卷70 何振梁:五环之路71 影响中国孩子的经典故事安徒生童话72 影响中国孩子的经典故事一千零一夜73 镜双城74 保护遗产造福人类75 第三帝国的兴亡(新)76 英语阅读理解技巧与实践77 9015:那小子真帅终结版:征文阁78 揭开土耳其的面纱79 未来列强:明日世界的赢家与输家80 揭开史前世界巨大动物的奥秘:恐龙81 实用英语口语82 中国外交2005年版(精装本)83 中国外交2005年版(平装本)84 中国外交2005年版英文精85 中华人民共和国边界事务条约集中俄卷(上下)86 解读卡斯特罗神话:王大使与菲德尔的不解之缘87 1973——2005美国驻华大使传奇88 国际人权公约与中国89 近代文明史2版90 中国现代外交史91 大国心路:中国走向世界的思考92 军事93 关塔那摩:美国向人权开战94 普遍履约:全新的核安全战略95 兵行天下:国际军情大扫描96 往事千年:历史长河中的精彩瞬间97 步步为零:上半身与上半生的MSN网上对话98 希特勒99 9015:狼的诱惑:征文阁100 颠峰人物:世界百位名流背后的故事101 薄冰新编初中英语语法102 创像作文一典通103 日本帝国的兴亡(新)104 薄冰新编高中英语语法105 共生时代:东北亚区域发展新路线图106 英语沙龙初级版2005年(1—6月)合订本107 爱上背单词108 嗨,兄弟:向海盗学习成功的团队管理109 镜破军110 2006超级女声参赛指引111 健康顾问:医学权威提供的生活指南112 论联合国的新角色113 捏碎,再塑一个你114 外国习俗丛书——韩国115 尼日利亚外交政策:1961——2002116 中华人民共和国条约集第50集(2003)117 血脉国魂118 新时期幼儿园园长手册119 学术前沿与学科发展:外交学院2004年科学周论文集120 儿童英语嘉年华121 美国对华政策文件集第三卷(上下卷)122 日本:2004123 薄冰新编高中英语语法练习册124 影响历史进程的非洲领袖125 美国对华政策文件集第三卷(上下卷)精126 领土边界事务国际条约和法律汇编127 挑战与回应:中东民族主义与伊斯兰教关系评析128 中国近现代外交史129 薄冰新编初中英语语法练习册130 东亚的多元主义与社会:和谐与冲突(英文版)131 东亚区域主义:趋势与回应(英文版)132 东亚区域主义与中国(英文版)133 发展中国家的新兴产业优势134 政党制度与政治稳定:东南亚经验的研究135 李连庆、潘一凤摄影集136 水城137 跟月亮姐姐一起唱138 车臣始末139 游台湾,看什么,吃什么,买什么140 中日相互理解还有多远?关于两国民众相互认识的比较研究141 广告文案写作:第7版142 感觉:卖产品不如卖感觉143 海盗传说144 镜龙战上145 情系玫瑰泉:留学巴黎纪实146 什么样的广告最有效益?:50个广告文案撰写及设计的经典案例:第8版147 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:三只小猪148 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:小木偶奇遇记149 用心:服务用嘴不如用心150 环球调查:中国记者讲述真实的外国151 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:阿拉丁神灯152 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:白雪公主153 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:大灰狼与七只小羊154 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:灰姑娘155 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:杰克与魔豆156 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:孙悟空157 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:寓言故事158 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:丑小鸭159 反恐新论160 革命与世界政治161 美国与中日关系的演变(1949——1972)162 好想踢你的背163 情书164 国际气候制度与中国165 看图速记英语词汇166 高考必备英语语法大全:配套专项练习册167 笨蛋笨法学外语——四步英语168 成长营养素:22岁前必做之事必晓之礼169 广告原理:选择、挑战与变革170 你也能是小小发明家171 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:爱的教育172 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:爱丽丝漫游奇境173 国际关系学名著系列纷争与协作:国际政治论集174 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:格列佛游记175 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:昆虫记176 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:绿野仙踪177 当代西方国家政治制度(修订本)178 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:环游地球八十天179 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:鲁滨孙漂流记180 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:钢铁是怎样炼成的181 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:海底两万里182 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:木偶奇遇记183 男人的27种类型184 畅游美丽宝岛—台湾185 初中英语词典186 1的恋爱机会187 哈佛企业家创业指南188 全球化与民族国家189 上帝的两个赌局190 国际关系学名著系列现代战略的缔造者:从马基雅维利到核时代191 镜龙战下192 公共基础知识193 中华人民共和国外交档案选编第1集1954年日内瓦会议194 心想事成:下一个亿万富翁就是你195 铁腕总统:佩尔韦兹穆沙拉夫传196 骑士麦尔斯197 英语沙龙初级版2005(7—12月)合订本198 心境2005年7—12合订本199 英语沙龙实战版2005年(7—12月)合订本200 英语沙龙阅读版2005年(7—12)月合订本201 意大利散记202 大学生择业与就业指导教程203 英语沙龙初级版2005年(1—12月)合订本204 英语沙龙实战版2005年(1—12月)合订本205 英语沙龙阅读版2005年(1—12月)合订本206 心境2005年1—12月合订本207 英语文摘2005年(1—12月)合订本208 英语文摘2005年7—12月合订本209 世界知识年鉴2005/2006210 星月战记米雅211 李宗吾厚黑处世学大全212 李宗吾厚黑口才学大全213 卓南生日本时论文集(全三卷)214 日本学:第13辑215 成长的哲理:世界童子军创始人贝登堡将军给青年人的信216 罗斯福总统教子书217 日本产业结构研究218 蓝色航迹:追寻库克船长之旅219 拿破仑传220 20世纪间谍传奇221 美国对台军售政策研究:决策的视角222 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:格林童话223 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:红楼梦224 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:雷锋的故事225 少儿10万个为什么动物植物226 少儿10万个为什么科学技术227 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:三国演义228 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:水浒传229 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:三字经百家姓230 少儿10万个为什么天文地理231 少儿10万个为什么文化生活232 为自己出征:NLP如何创造你的巅峰表现233 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:安徒生童话234 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:西游记235 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:一千零一夜236 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:伊索寓言237 天南地北集238 科学中国——优秀科教专家风采239 大家都爱可可周:Super女孩的成长笔记240 世界大势与中国和平发展241 反恐轻骑兵:一位华裔美军阿富汗亲历记242 日本人凭什么243 从平凡走向辉煌:三星和现代创始人的传奇历程244 独具慧眼:20/20预测法则245 罗旋锁儿一族欢欢乐乐罗罗园246 罗旋锁儿一族酷酷狮的乡下表舅247 罗旋锁儿一族罗旋大盗(上下)248 罗旋锁儿一族门牙风波249 尼罗河之子穆巴拉克250 罗旋锁儿一族扑扑虫的森林之旅251 外交官第四辑252 小故事大启示成功篇253 小故事大启示传统美德篇254 小故事大启示名人故事篇255 小故事大启示与人交往篇256 琅环曲257 中国外交2006年英文版平装258 美国天才儿童行为表259 美国与东亚合作260 武林客栈日曜卷261 选择老板262 原则263 美国父母床头必备的7部教子圣经264 美国优秀教师对家长的8条建议265 能说会道:日常口才技巧全书266 稳步向前的上海合作组织:专家学者纵论SCO267 2006年度军备控制与裁军报告268 中国外交2006年版269 汉英外交政治词汇270 球王贝利自传271 心向统一:华侨华人反“独”促统活动纪实(一)272 亲亲宝贝亲亲书幼儿故事大王春273 亲亲宝贝亲亲书幼儿故事大王冬274 亲亲宝贝亲亲书幼儿故事大王夏275 名人的另一面276 上海合作组织文献选编277 恐怖主义:历史与现实278 冷战国际史研究II279 中国外交2006年(精装本)280 中国与太平洋经济合作——PECC 25 年的历程与探索281 谁把事情搞复杂了:换个方式你可以做到最好282 唯有孤独283 20世纪美女间谍284 菲律宾华文报史稿285 中国外交2006年版英文精286 后苏哈托时代的印度尼西亚287 影响孩子一生的感人故事飞向空中的鱼钩288 国际大格局289 影响孩子一生的感人故事金面勇士290 影响孩子一生的感人故事巨人乔万尼的花园291 如果海龟爱上鱼292 WHY粪便293 WHY发明发现294 WHY化石295 WHY恐龙296 WHY南极北极297 WHY水298 好妈妈好孩子儿童系列丛书:小大人美德王国奇幻旅程299 影响孩子一生的感人故事寻找幸福的国王300 健康密码——人与环境之和谐301 拉美研究丛书拉美研究:追寻历史的轨迹302 为了世界更美好:江泽民出访纪实(精装)303 羊皮卷实践304 每个姑娘都单纯305 北漂者心声306 新美帝国主义:布什的反恐战争和以血换石油307 小说北大308 依赖与抗争:冷战后东盟国家对美国战略研究309 遗310 莱茵烽火:2006德国世界杯经典收藏311 为了世界更美好:江泽民出访纪实312 余熙约会世界系列约会爱琴海:希腊,依然神话313 余熙约会世界系列约会极地之缘:冰岛八日314 人口变迁与当代美国社会315 中国新疆的人口与环境316 为了一次拥抱的绝恋317 既非盟友,也非敌人——苏联解体后的俄美关系:1991—2005(上下卷)318 看图速记英语口语1319 看图速记英语口语2320 看图速记英语口语3321 搜索张朝阳:张朝阳与搜狐搜狗的故事322 送给宝宝的最好礼物系列宝宝的第一个动物园323 送给宝宝的最好礼物系列宝宝的第一个科技园324 送给宝宝的最好礼物系列宝宝的第一个名胜园325 送给宝宝的最好礼物系列宝宝的第一个植物园326 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:汤姆叔叔的小屋327 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:唐诗三百首328 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:中外名人故事329 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:成语故事330 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:小王子331 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:中外民间故事332 战争与狗333 开发孩子智商的245个趣味小实验334 培养孩子情商的200个哲理小故事335 与中国汽车同行——赵晟八十自述336 专栏主义嗔337 东方文化论丛中日语言翻译与跨文化交际338 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:会飞的教室339 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:汤姆索亚历险记340 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:英雄人物故事341 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:中外科学家故事342 新课堂创新教法与经典案例评析中学卷(上中下)343 英语沙龙初级版2006年(1—6月)合订本344 英语沙龙实战版2006年(1—6月)合订本345 英语沙龙阅读版2006年(1—6月)合订本346 心境2006年1—6合订本347 ⒂镂恼?2006年1—6合订本348 在故事中教育孩子法比安与玛丽分东西349 在故事中教育孩子莱娜不开心350 在故事中教育孩子莱欧尼和大卫是好朋友351 在故事中教育孩子尼克不再害怕352 在故事中教育孩子苏菲偏要这么做353 在故事中教育孩子西娜不再生气了354 在故事中教育孩子总是阿梅丽受宠爱355 越京四时歌356 美国民族主义——影响国家安全战略的思想根源357 《圣经》的智慧358 丝路新韵:新中国和阿拉伯国家50年外交历程359 通化“二三”事件360 向顶级大师学管理:横扫欧洲的马利克管理361 世界著名岛屿经济体选论362 大学英语四级词汇背诵手册363 新课标初中英语词汇精解364 新课标初中英语语法365 新课标英语词汇背诵手册366 新课标英语语法精解367 刻在树干上的结夏368 旅欧随想录369 学术前沿与学科发展:外交学院2005年科学周论文集370 父辈的旗帜371 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中俄关系372 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中印关系373 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中德关系374 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中法关系375 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中美关系376 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中日关系377 百年中外关系系列丛书百年中英关系378 新课标高中英语词汇精解379 新课标高中英语语法380 中华人民共和国条约集第51集(2004)381 拉丁美洲的科学技术382 镜织梦者383 日本:2005384 政治哲学:理性反思与现实求索385 外交部大楼里的故事(小说)386 大国较量:世界主要国家综合国力国际比较387 阿克伦寄语388 遗忘国度之神秘徽章1389 遗忘国度之神秘徽章2390 21世纪的中国和日本391 当代东盟经济与政治392 卡车轮子上的世界:欧美旅行笔记393 穆旦传394 现代生活好帮手:生活小窍门376例395 北京画坛(油画卷国画卷)396 周易哲理与管理智慧397 多重网络的渗透与扩张:海外华侨华人与闽粤侨乡互动关系研究398 武林客栈月阙卷399 走进韩国—旅居韩国生活漫谈400 小小达芬奇系列丛书不断延伸的世界401 小小达芬奇系列丛书放眼新未来402 小小达芬奇系列丛书海底奇航403 小小达芬奇系列丛书科学巨人404 小小达芬奇系列丛书探索时期大发现405 小小达芬奇系列丛书网络时代406 小小达芬奇系列丛书武器的科学407 小小达芬奇系列丛书星空探奇408 小小达芬奇系列丛书永不停止的新创意409 小小达芬奇系列丛书原始生活的智慧410 小小达芬奇系列丛书医药的奇迹411 小小达芬奇系列丛书最远古的发明412 21世纪初的日本政治与外交413 亚非葡语国家发展研究414 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:金银岛415 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:秘密花园416 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:母亲417 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:神秘岛418 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:彼得潘419 黎虎教授古稀纪念中国古代史论丛420 国际合作研究丛书当代国际安全合作的探索与争鸣421 国际合作研究丛书地区主义视野下的中国——东盟合作研究422 国际合作研究丛书国际合作理论:批判与建构423 国际合作研究丛书国际金融合作:一种权力与利益的分析424 国际合作研究丛书认同与国际合作425 国际合作研究丛书中国的和平崛起:理论、历史与战略426 国际合作研究丛书中国——欧盟合作研究427 德国好人428 最后一个猎鹰人429 英语沙龙阅读版2006年(1—12月)合订本430 英语沙龙阅读版2006年(7—12)月合订本431 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:吹牛大王历险记432 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:哈克贝利芬历险记433 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:列那狐的故事434 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:尼尔斯骑鹅历险记435 新课标小学生课外阅读丛书:水孩子436 日本近世思想概论437 日本政党制度政治生态分析438 同心若金——中非友好关系的辉煌历程439 英语文摘2006年(1—12月)合订本440 英语文摘2006年7—12合订本441 通行欧洲的另类红宝书442 非常商道:品读胡雪岩官商变通智慧443 英语沙龙初级版2006年(1—12月)合订本444 英语沙龙实战版2006年(1—12月)合订本445 英语沙龙初级版2006(7—12月)合订本446 英语沙龙实战版2006年(7—12月)合订本447 心境2006年1—12月合订本448 心境2006年7—12合订本449 欢乐东西漫游世界亚洲450 携手同行:中非人民友情写真451 中国与朝鲜半岛国家关系文件资料汇编452 亲历联合国高层453 中国起名实用大全454 阿拉伯国家概况455 迪拜——沙漠奇迹456 东亚地区合作与中美关系457 国际恐怖主义458 冷战国际史研究Ⅲ459 美国与“大中东”460 沙扬娜拉爱情461 越南、马来西亚、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、文莱五国经济研究462 为了友谊与和平:民间外交亲历记463 印度尼西亚历届政府华人华侨政策的形成与演变464 文化与国际社会:建构主义国际关系理论研究465 欢乐东西漫游世界非洲466 欢乐东西漫游世界欧洲467 中外外交官看世界468 魏晋南北朝隋唐政治与文化论稿469 纸镯470 我的生活——冯玉祥自传1471 我的抗日生活——冯玉祥自传2472 我所认识的蒋介石——冯玉祥自传3473 哈狄王子474 亨亨的奇妙旅程475 母亲札记476 时间陷阱477 林罗山与日本的儒学(日文)478 跟随三色狗亲历记——世界新概念武器大观479 乔治W布什和他的团队480 新编大学翻译教程481 中华人民共和国条约集第52集(2005)482 欢乐东西漫游世界美洲大洋洲483 国际关系史第十二卷484 华裔外长——让平:中国情温州根485 金刚钻儿和糖葫芦:古币迷案486 红眉487 魂:生命的经义488 油:生命的油站489 赢在团队:如何打造高绩效团队490 边吃边聊:饮食漫笔及小吃地图491 笨蛋笨法学外语几十口气英语492 外国语言文学及国别研究之二493 国际关系理论:前沿与热点:2006年博士论坛494 美国的亚太联盟495 欧洲史(上下卷)496 武林客栈星涟卷497 对抗博弈合作——中美安全危机管理案例分析498 东南亚华文传媒研究499 世界知识年鉴2006/2007500 罗素论幸福人生501 罗素论自由502 西方的智慧503 你卖产品我卖话术:心理学销售轻松成交504 新版战后日本外交史:1945——2005505 棒棒科学(棒棒虎卷、嘀嘀卷、拉拉兔卷、西瓜猪卷)506 小学生最感兴趣的课外阅读丛书成语接龙:注音版507 小学生最感兴趣的课外阅读丛书福尔摩斯探案集:注音版508 小学生最感兴趣的课外阅读丛书谜语大全:注音版509 小学生最感兴趣的课外阅读丛书小学生必背古诗词80首:注音版510 小学生最感兴趣的课外阅读丛书.。
2012添加义项 这是一个多义词,请在下列义项中选择浏览 (共10个义项) 1.2009年美国电影2009年美国电影 2.神秘预言神秘预言3.2009年德国纪录片2009年德国纪录片 4.2012救世主2012救世主 5.卫兰演唱歌曲卫兰演唱歌曲 6.数学释义数学释义7.2012网页游戏2012网页游戏 8.师鹏歌曲师鹏歌曲9.五月天演唱歌曲五月天演唱歌曲 10.2012电视剧集2012电视剧集1.2009年美国电影编辑本义项 2012求助编辑百科名片电影《2012》全幅海报《2012》是一部关于全球毁灭的灾难电影,它讲述在2012年世界末日到来时,主人公以及世界各国人民挣扎求生的经历;该片被称为《后天》的升级版,投资超过2亿美元,是灾难片大师罗兰·艾默里奇(Roland Emmerich )的又一力作。
中文名: 2012外文名: Farewell Atlantis其它译名: 2012世界末日 制片地区:美国 导演: 罗兰·艾默里奇 RolandEmmerich编剧: 罗兰·艾默里奇、哈拉德·克卢瑟类型: 动作,冒险,科幻,灾难主演: 约翰·库萨克,桑迪·牛顿片长: 158分钟上映时间:北美、中国首映:2009年11月13日分级: USA:PG-13对白语言: 英语色彩: 彩色imdb 编码: t t1190080主题曲: 奇迹之刻,演唱者:亚当·兰伯特拍摄时间: 2008年7月~2009年1月《2012》主要人物▪ 杰克逊·克鲁斯特 -- 约翰·库萨克 饰 ▪ 查理·弗罗斯特 -- 伍迪·哈里森 饰 ▪ 劳拉·威尔逊 -- 桑迪·牛顿 饰▪ 凯特·克鲁斯特 -- 阿曼达•皮特 饰▪ President Thomas Wilson -- 丹尼·格洛弗 饰 ▪ 卡尔·安胡瑟 -- 奥利弗·普莱特 饰▪托尼·蒂亚戈-- 乔治·席格饰▪艾德里安•赫莱姆斯里-- 切瓦特·埃加福特饰▪韦斯特教授-- 约翰·比灵斯列饰▪莉莉·克鲁斯特-- 摩根·莉莉饰▪赛特男·特思罗塔尼博士-- 吉米·米斯特雷饰▪葛登·塞尔伯曼-- 托马斯·麦卡锡饰▪诺亚·克鲁斯特-- 连姆·詹姆斯饰▪塔玛拉-- 毕崔斯·罗森饰▪天钦-- 黄经汉饰▪索纳姆奶奶-- 卢燕饰▪尼玛-- 欧斯瑞克·周饰▪索纳姆爷爷-- 张铮饰目录电影剧情演职员表演员表职员表角色介绍杰克逊劳拉精彩对白原声资料影片花絮幕后花絮穿帮镜头影片评价影片制作创作背景后期制作制作发行播出信息上映日期票房统计民众反映影片看点影片赏析影片隐喻主创信息主演导演电影剧情演职员表演员表职员表角色介绍杰克逊劳拉精彩对白原声资料影片花絮幕后花絮穿帮镜头影片评价影片制作创作背景后期制作制作发行播出信息上映日期票房统计民众反映影片看点影片赏析影片隐喻主创信息主演导演展开编辑本段电影剧情查理(20张)关于2012世界末日,在中国,珠光宝气网络学院的胡小凡设计了一款名为“末日之恋”的珠宝信物,用2012世界末日来临前夕,那至死不渝、不离不弃的爱情来诠释面临世界末日时的人间真爱。
唐吉诃德外传(2009) 格莫拉(2008) 初冬的日子(2008) 神秘旅行(2008) 观鸟人(2008) 哈罗德和卡玛再遇平静的躁动(2008) 大牌明星(2008) 再见(2008) 爱的男人(2008) 喧闹的根源(2008) 疯狂之血(2008) 乔凡娜的宗教(2008) 无头的女人(2008)干扰70 (2007) 我哥哥是唯一的儿子(2007) 再见巴法纳(2007) 闭室22 (2007) 布依奥在身边(2007) 异旅情丝(2007) 蛋糕与痛苦(2007) 云雀农场(2007) 大海的尽头(2007) 听见天堂(2007) 恐怖洋馆(2007) 夜曲巴士(2007) 奥古斯都一世(2007) 别碰斧子(2007) 疑云(2007) 第三个妈妈(2007) 恶灵之泪(2007) 谎言成真(2007) 美丽的暗杀者(2007) 影子(2007) 诺亚方舟(2007) 2008新毕业生(2007) 婚礼摄影师(2006) 骑士蒂朗:少女阴谋(2006) 金色大门(2006) 灵石会议(2006) 自由启示录(2006) 恋爱魔镜(2006) 迷睡(2006) 玛丽(2006) 隐秘(2006) 我与拿破仑(2006) 土生土长(2006) 心之归属(2006) 被窃听的隐私(2006) 凯门鳄(2006) 与他们的相遇(2006) 家庭朋友(2006) 屋顶上的童年时光(2006) 消逝的星星(2006) 心中的野兽(2005) 情狱(2005)所有被忽视的孩子们(2005) Uomo perfetto, L' (2005) 好女人(2005) 爱情手册(2005)梅丽莎(2005) 现在和永远(2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) 自你出生(2005) 热体(2005) 航向幸福的旅程(2005) 神圣的心(2005) 犯罪小说(2005) 雾都孤儿(2005) 麦肯尼加省(2005) 爱神(2005) 爱你如诗美丽(2005) 你喜欢希区柯克吗?(2005) 超级火山:真正末日(2005) 卡萨诺瓦(2005) 航向真情海(2005) 躲藏(2005) 丈夫出租(2004) 意大利罗曼史(2004) 如像一般(2004) 超越国境(第二部) (2004) 蒙多维诺(2004) 卢旺达饭店(2004) 时空救援(2004) ( 基因狂想曲(2004)意大利电影简介:意大利电影在世界电影史上具有举足轻重的地位。
人间蒸发指南作者:赵宁宁来源:《世界博览》2016年第23期导语:成功的假死本身内含了一个悖论:我们永远不知道有多少人成功了。
估计有不少因为厌倦生活想换个活法的人假死成功。
就在“9·11事件”事件发生后的几天里,有些人突发奇想,“这真是一个人假装自己死亡的完美机会”,然后花了很多时间详细思考如何才能做到不露出马脚。
《死亡:诈死之旅》的作者伊丽莎白·格林伍德,就是这些人之一,不过她并没有利用这个特别的机会。
据我们所知付诸实践的只有香港男子梁展。
“9·11事件”发生前他被控护照欺诈罪名,当时保释在外。
“911事件”发生后,他冒充并不存在的哥哥给律师和纽约市当局打电话,试图为他自己得到一张死亡证明,以撤销对他起诉。
另外,他还伪造了一封电子邮件,以显示“9·11事件”时他在世界贸易中心为一家证券公司工作,而这家公司在这场灾难中失去了658名雇员。
但是,梁展的阴谋最终被揭穿,美国联邦检控官要求对他课以重刑,因为他在纽约处于危机之时给当局造成不必要的大量工作。
法官也谴责梁某非常“自私”,他的犯罪行为“令人不齿”。
法官判处他4年监禁,比美国联邦法例建议的刑期长18个月。
不过话说回来,有诈死成功的吗?无法斩断前缘在20多岁的时候,伊丽莎白·格林伍德在纽约教书写作为生,同时背负着10万美元的学生贷款,这样的重压一度让她想学《广告狂人》中的男主角唐·德雷珀,唐盗用别人的身份,逃离了战场。
为了了解获得新生的办法,伊丽莎白采访了研究诈死的专家比如,私家侦探兼找人专家史蒂夫·拉姆巴姆和隐私顾问弗兰克·艾赫恩。
弗兰克·艾赫恩是享誉国际的资深隐私顾问,专门协助他人建立新生活,他的服务针对个人与公司,满足客户的各项隐私需求。
他同时也是畅销书《如何消失:擦除你的数字足迹,留下虚假的痕迹,然后无影无踪》(台湾译本的名字《史上最强人间蒸发术》)的作者。
《人鱼陷落全五册》阅读笔记目录一、序章 (2)二、第一册 (3)1. 传说中的失落文明 (4)2. 伊甸星球的秘密 (5)3. 人鱼族的起源与历史 (6)4. 失落之城的探险 (7)5. 神秘力量的揭示 (9)三、第二册 (10)1. 深海世界的探险历程 (11)2. 新纪元的人鱼生活 (13)3. 海底城市的建立与发展 (14)4. 人鱼与人类的交流与冲突 (15)5. 深海危机与求生之路 (17)四、第三册 (18)1. 天空世界的传说与神秘生物 (19)2. 守护者的使命与责任 (20)3. 人鱼与天空生物的合作与纷争 (21)4. 天空城堡的秘密探索 (22)5. 保卫天空家园的战斗与成长 (24)五、第四册 (25)1. 魔法世界的引入与奇幻魔法 (26)2. 学习与掌握魔法技能的过程 (27)3. 魔法在人鱼族与人类世界中的应用 (28)4. 魔法试炼的挑战与考验 (29)5. 成长与突破 (30)六、第五册 (32)1. 终极之战的背景与原因 (32)2. 人鱼族与人类的联手抗敌 (34)3. 战胜黑暗势力的过程与胜利的喜悦 (35)4. 战后重建与新的开始 (36)七、结语 (37)1. 对人鱼世界的全面认识与理解 (38)2. 从人鱼故事中汲取的智慧与力量 (39)3. 阅读过程中的心得体会与成长反思 (40)4. 对未来人鱼世界发展的展望与期待 (41)一、序章《人鱼陷落全五册》是一部充满奇幻色彩和冒险精神的科幻小说,它以其独特的世界观和扣人心弦的情节吸引了无数读者。
在这部作品中,作者巧妙地构建了一个既富有想象力又贴近人心的海洋世界,让读者仿佛真的置身于这个神秘而危险的深海之中。
序章部分作为整个故事的起点,为读者揭示了一个人鱼族群的秘密以及他们与人类之间的复杂关系。
通过这一部分的细致描绘,作者成功地营造了一种既紧张又充满悬念的氛围,让读者对接下来的故事发展充满了期待。
在这个序章中,作者不仅介绍了人鱼的基本特征和习性,还通过一系列生动的场景和事件,展现了人鱼与人类之间的冲突与融合。
《2012逃生指南》(仅限内部传阅,主意保密)前些天,花20大元看了热映大片《2012》,场面很震撼,情节很美国,结局更是超级好莱坞风格。
回想以往看过的美国大片,我琢磨出点东西。
美国超级大国也,掌握着全人类最前沿的科技,自然也拥有最前瞻的想法,人家向来思考问题都是超前的,像2012年的事算最近的了。
好莱坞的大片,不管是动画类,如《冰河世纪》系列,还是灾难片,如《彗星撞地球》《后天》《地心浩劫》等,几乎都围绕同一类题材——地球毁灭、人类逃亡、诺亚方舟。
这不禁使我产生联想,若非真的存在某种预言,或者老美是否真的掌握了确凿的、有关地球前途的证据。
如果真是那样,也难怪腐败问题在全球愈演愈烈,尤其是在我们脚下这片热土上。
我有自知之明,即便有诺亚方舟,也不奢望有咱一席之地。
只是想来如果有可能,我是说如果,是否该更加博爱些,多撒点种,没准哪个能上船,继而我孙家后人因我得以生生不息繁衍下来,也算哥们为孙氏家族做点贡献。
虽然我没打算上诺亚方舟,但是不等于大家都不想上,下面我给大家指条明路——《2012逃生指南》。
不过事先声明,修行看个人,学不学得来还得看你的修为了。
第一,要学会开车。
要像《2012》男主角一样能够把加长林肯当法拉利,甚至把中巴当作越野车来开。
当然这也需要天赋,如果未能达标,就赶快和身边会开飞车的人拉拢关系吧。
第二,要学会开各种飞机。
不管是私人小飞机,还是世界上最大的运输机,会开的飞机类型越多越好。
第三,尽快认识一个有强烈责任心的地质学家,你能从他那里获得第一手资料和信息。
第四,尽量多学习几种语言,以便求救时和别人沟通。
第五,通过各种途径提高你的知名度。
像影片中男主角是兼职作家一样,在危急关头或许能被你的粉丝认出,救你一命。
第六,购置一部好手机,就算全世界几乎被毁灭殆尽,你仍能接到大洋彼岸朋友打来的一段催人泪下的生死离别告白。
第七,在关系到生死的时刻,除了家人,谁都不能相信。
第八,没事不要呆在海上,尽早搬离危险地区。
转眼间,2021年还有两个月就结束了,2022年即将来到。
回顾过去的这十年,要说无人不知无人不晓的大事件,可能就是2012年闹得沸沸扬扬的“世界末日”啦!时光不会倒流,电影可以重温,今天为大家带来的就是2009年上映的《2012》。
关于玛雅人的多个版本预言中,有这样五个经常被提起:玛雅人预言未来会出现飞机和汽车,现在看来以及实现了;玛雅人准确预测了大魔王希特勒的出生时间和死亡时间;玛雅人预言了第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战的爆发;玛雅人预言自己这个民族最终会走向灭亡;玛雅人预言2012年12月21日是世界末日,当然目前已经2021年了,这个预言并没有成功。
故事的一开始,一个地质学家小黑艾德里安来到咖喱国的一个深达11000英尺,大概3300米的铜矿洞里,他的好朋友阿三告诉他,人类历史上最大的一次太阳暴引起了史无前例的最大中微子反应,而中微子又首次引起了物理反应,这些中微子变成了一种新的核粒子,它们正在给地核不断加温。
地球正在逐渐变成一个微波炉,地核的温度不断升高,大海咕噜咕噜沸腾着,人类即将被微波炉烤死。
小黑作为老美科技部地质方面的一位研究员,一看事情紧急,火速飞回美国,找到正在搞资金筹集酒会造诺亚方舟的胖子白宫幕僚长安休斯,皮了一下的胖子看了递上的文件后意识到事态的严重性,带着老黑就去见总统了。
接下来的故事大家应该很熟悉了,没错,老美又开始意淫扮演救世主的角色了。
咱们的解说到此结束——开个玩笑,咱们继续,毕竟作为一个类型片,影片还有无与伦比的特效加持呢!得知世界将要走到尽头的老美总统赶紧召开了G8会议,公布了调查结果。
而在西藏的邱明谷,当地老百姓正在被转移走,因为一些国家正在秘密联合研制并建造可以躲避这场灾难的诺亚方舟。
大概中国给世人的印象是制造业大国,又能集中力量干大事,所以诺亚这个大工程就是中国来完成了。
造方舟得要钱,10亿欧元一张的神秘船票开始悄悄售卖,像《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》这样文明的精华也悄悄被赝品所替代。
Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154Contents lists available at ScienceDirectColloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical andEngineeringAspectsj o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /c o l s u r faEvaluation of oil-in-water emulsions with cationic–anionic surfactants mixtures for potential use in the oil industryEduardo N.Schulz a ,∗,Rubén E.Ambrusi a ,Daniela B.Miraglia b ,Erica P.Schulz b ,Silvana G.García a ,JoséL.Rodriguez b ,Pablo C.Schulz ba Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión,CONICET—Departamento de Ingeniería Química,Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca,Argentina bInstituto de Química del Sur,CONICET,Departamento de Química,Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca,Argentinah i g h l i g h t s•Theemulsifier proper-ties of sodium oleate(NaOl)–hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)aqueous mixtures were studied.•The formation of O/W and W/O emulsions was explored and their properties were determined.•It was found that all emulsions were stable on ageing and to temperature rise.•The emulsions were destroyed by contact with quartzite stones.•These mixtures have high potential applicability in the asphalt emulsi-fication for pavement production or sand fixation.g r a p h i c a la b s t r a c tLeft:stones with crude oil emulsion.×100,Crossed polaroids and 1retardation plate intercalated,show-ing interference colours in the quartzite stones and sensitive pink of non-birefringent (water)medium.The black zones correspond to stones covered by hydrocarbon.Right:crude oil emulsion,unpolarised light.The emulsion used in both photos was diluted to improvevisualization.a r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 8September 2015Received in revised form 9November 2015Accepted 13November 2015Available online 18November 2015Keywords:Petroleum emulsions Catanionic emulsifier Sodium oleateHexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide Mixed surfactantsa b s t r a c tThe emulsifier properties of sodium oleate (NaOl)-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)aque-ous mixtures were studied using different proportions of the surfactants.The formation of O/W and W/O emulsions was explored and their properties (viscosity,stability and droplets size distribution)were determined.The mixture with 0.75mole fraction of HTAB without considering the solvent formed very stable and concentrated O/W emulsions,which were destroyed via heterocoagulation by quartzite sand.Thus,these mixtures have high potential applicability in the asphalt emulsification for pavement production or sand fixation.©2015Published by Elsevier B.V.∗Corresponding author.E-mail address:nschulz@.ar (E.N.Schulz)./10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.0230927-7757/©2015Published by Elsevier B.V.146 E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–1541.IntroductionStable emulsions of heavy oils or bitumen in water are widely used to extract,transport and store petroleum.These emulsions are an alternative to the increase of temperature for the mixing of asphalt with light oils,which involve high costs and technical complexity[1,2].O/W bitumen emulsions have been also employed as combustible in electricity power plants[3].Desire features of these emulsions are high stability and low viscosity.Other applications of asphalt emulsions are road construction and roof water-proofing.In particular,these emulsions have many advantages for road reparation compared to melted asphalt:easier implementation,fewer precautions and no need of special equip-ment,as well as their applicability to wet surfaces,a very attractive characteristic.The speed of rupture of the asphalt emulsion on the mineral substrate is of primary importance.On the one hand, enough time must be allowed for proper mixing of the various com-ponents of the system but,on the other hand,the breaking time must be short enough to permit a rapid re-opening of the road to traffic[4].Bitumen is a high viscosity mixture of hydrocarbons(>104 cP).“Synthetic”bitumen is best known as asphalt and is a petroleum-like material obtained as a residue from the distillation of petroleum[5]with a consistency varying from viscous liquid to glassy solid.Asphalt is commonly employed as a binder of aggre-gates for road pavement[6].Asphalt emulsions are commonly either anionic or cationic. Their rupture in contact with stones is caused by the destabiliza-tion of the emulsifier.Polyvalent cations,such as Ca+2and Mg+2(in basic stones such as calcareous ones),react with anionic surfactants producing uncharged insoluble soaps while the negative charge of acid siliceous surfaces reacts with cationic surfactants causing elec-trostatic adsorption.The adsorbed cationic surfactants show their hydrocarbon chains out of the stones’surface,causing its hydropho-bization and thus increasing the tendency of asphalt to adsorb on the stones,promoting the adhesion between the hydrocarbon and the mineral surfaces.Moreover,the surfactant monolayer reduces the affinity of the stones’surface towards water,thus reducing its tendency to destroy the pavement.Water penetration causes strip-ping of the bitumen from the aggregate particles,consequently endangering the subgrade layer as well as the base course[7].A catanionic(anionic–cationic surfactant mixture)emulsifier will have both the advantages of cationic and anionic emulsions. However,in general cationic–anionic surfactant mixtures tend to precipitate in some proportions.We have previously studied a catanionic mixture which does not precipitate in any proportion [8–10].Sodium oleate(NaOl)–hexadecyltrimethylammonium bro-mide(HTAB)mixtures form soluble systems at all NaOl–HTAB proportions.This mixture does not precipitate at any composition because to steric hindrances,which were attributed to the affinity of the NaOl double bond to water via hydrogen bonding.Thus NaOl acts as a surfactant having two hydrophilic groups,the carboxylate and the double bond.This causes a curvature of the aggregate/water surface which favours the O/W emulsification[6–8].NaOl is a nat-ural,biodegradable soap which is innocuous for the environment. HTAB has bactericide capacity but it is not dispersed in the environ-ment because it is strongly adsorbed by the negative stones’surface and remains below the asphalt layer.Thus,the system NaOl–HTAB seems to have interesting features that makes it attractive for prac-tical applications,especially in the petroleum industry.In the present work the emulsifier capability of different mix-tures of NaOl–HTAB with Argentine crude oil(CO)and with model liquid paraffin(LP)has been studied.The behaviour of the emul-sions in contact with a petrous substrate has been also studied in order to evaluate their possible use in pavement production.Our findings are of practical and theoretical interest in the oil emulsions field and set the basis for the future study of the emulsification properties for heavy oil.2.Experimental2.1.MaterialsFor paraffin emulsions,extra dense liquid paraffin(LP)EWE with viscosity Seyboldt340s and75centi-Stokes was used as purchased.Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(HTAB, C16H32N(CH3)3Br>99%)was from Fluka.Sodium oleate(NaOL, C18H33O2Na>99%)was from Aldrich.Both chemicals were of ana-lytical grade and were used as purchased.The crude oil(CO)of35◦API(0.870g cm−3)has kinematic vis-cosity10.7mm2s−1and dynamic viscosity96.7cp(both at20◦C) and does not contain aromatic compounds,asphaltenes or other chemicals[11].It has been kindly supplied by the Petrobras Bahia Blanca refinery and is from the Neuquen oilfield(Argentina).The stones were from the Pigüéquarry(Argentina)and were selected because of their poor performance to produce pavements with commercial asphalt emulsions.Their treatment with a com-mercial asphalt emulsion achieved only an incomplete coverage of the stones’surface,which leaves the pavement vulnerable to water penetration[12].LP and CO were selected because of their easier manipulation than heavy oils and bitumen.Once the possibility of using the mix-ture for emulsifying hydrocarbons is stated,it is possible to study the formation of bitumen emulsions.We used Argentinian crude oil,which is free of asphaltenes,due to a matter of availability.Tri-distillated water was used and the measurements were per-formed twice.2.2.EmulsionsAqueous emulsifier solutions of HTAB and NaOL with0.1M were prepared at the mole fractions of HTAB in the surfactant mixture without considering the solvent(˛HTAB)0.1;0.25;0.3;0.50;0.7;0.75;0.9and1.Each emulsion was stirred for15min with a steel helix stirring electric device at800rpm after the addition of the second phase.Emulsions of Argentine petroleum were prepared according to two procedures:a)The aqueous surfactant solution(50mL)was added in aliquotsof2mL to50mL of CO under stirring.Then,15mL of each sam-ple was put in a graduate tube and stoppered.The volume of the emulsion was determined immediately,after24h and after a week’s time.The emulsions were observed by means of a micro-scope.b)The CO(50mL)was added to50mL of the aqueous surfactantsolution in aliquots of2mL under stirring and the emulsions were observed as in procedure a.An additional observation was made after14months.Since the Argentine petroleum was paraffinic(see below),we used for the main determinations a model emulsion with liquid paraffin which facilitates the observation because it is colourless. The model emulsions were prepared with surfactant mixture(0.1M in water)with˛HTAB=0.1;0.25;0.50and0.75.Then,60mL of liquid paraffin was added to40mL of the aqueous surfactant solutions and stirred during15min.The systems were transferred to graduated tubes and the volumes of emulsion,remnant water and remainder paraffin were recorded.Samples of the freshly prepared emulsions for microscopic observation were kept in separated sealed vials.Samples with˛HTAB=0.25;0.50and0.75were observed in a microscope Nikon Eclipse E-200POL Polarizing,Tokyo,Japan.E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–154147Table1Volumes of W/O emulsion and remnant(non-emulsified)water in10mL samples as a function of the surfactant composition.A week old samples after centrifugation.␣HTAB00.10.30.50.70.91V W/Oemulsion/mL 2.9 1.20.3 3.30.20.50.2V water/mL7.18.89.7* 6.79.8**9.59.8****W/O/W emulsion.**O/W emulsion.***Multiple emulsion.Unless stated otherwise,all observations were made with×100 magnification.Nonetheless,scale bars were added to the photos. As both phases are transparent and colourless,a drop of aqueous solution of methylene blue was added to determine the nature of the emulsion.In all cases the dye diffused amongst the emulsion droplets,thus all emulsions were O/W.The emulsions remained stable during the microscope observations although no stabilizer was added(such as a gelatine solution)[13].The viscosity(Á)of emulsions was measured with a Vibro Viscometer SV-10/SV100calibrated with tri-distilled water (Á=0.89cP at25◦C).The hydrocarbon/water volume ratio in the emulsions was mea-sured using a modified Dean-Stark apparatus[2].To evaluate the effectiveness of stones in destructing the emul-sion and the hydrocarbon deposition on the stones’surface,a powder of the stones was put in contact with the different emul-sions and observed under the microscope.In order to reproduce the procedure in real working conditions,the mineral substrate was used as received,without any pre-treatment.The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the stones employed in the test of stability of emulsion was made in a Phillips PW1710 diffractometer with Cu anode and curved graphite monocromator operated at54kW and30mA.FT-IR measurements were performed with an Infrared Spec-trophotometer(Nicolet FT-IR,Model Nexus470)to test the CO structure.The size distribution of droplets was determined with a com-puter program(Pixcavator IA).As a size reference,the width of the hair in Fig.3a was used(a similar method was used for other magnifications).Averages and variances values were computed by the minimum variance linear unbiased method[14]and the Student t function was employed to compute the error intervals.Confidence level was 0.90.Errors of derived data were computed with the error expan-sion method.3.ResultsThe X-ray diffractogram(Fig.1in Supplementary information, SI)indicates that the stones’nature is clastic sedimentary rock—S0, formed by silica(ortho-quartzite).The petroleum FT-IR spectrum(not shown)showed only paraffinic hydrocarbon peaks(CH3;CH2stretching vibra-tions at3000–2850cm−1and CH3;CH2bending vibrations at 1480–1350cm−1).3.1.Petroleum emulsionsChanging the order of addition of the components while stir-ring produced two different kinds of emulsions.The addition of the surfactant aqueous solution to crude oil produced a W/O emul-sion(see Fig.1).Freshly prepared samples did not show significant phase separation.The emulsion could be separated by centrifuga-tion at2000rpm only after a week from preparation.Due to the petroleum colour,a Cole-Palmer Iluminator41720-series was used. Table1shows the relative volumes of emulsion as a function of the mixture composition.Pure NaOl(˛HTAB=0)had poor emulsifying capacity,but the addition of a small amount of HTAB(˛HTAB=0.1) produced a good W/O emulsion with small polydisperse droplets (Fig.1a).Further addition of HTAB produced a very polydisperse W/O emulsion(Fig.1b and c).With˛HTAB=0.3two kinds of emul-sions appeared:the W/O and a multiple emulsion O/W/O,and with ˛HTAB=0.7there coexist W/O and O/W emulsions.As we desired O/W emulsions we employed procedure b:addi-tion of the crude oil to the surfactant solution under stirring.Fig.2 shows microscopic images of two of the emulsions obtained with ˛HTAB=0.75.The concentrated emulsion was diluted with water to improve the observation.3.2.Paraffin emulsionsOwing to the difficulty caused by the strong colour of the crude oil to the visual examination and microphotographs analysis,we decided to make model emulsions with liquid paraffin,which is colourless and whose composition and viscosity are similar to that of the crude oil.Since the amount of surfactant affects the size of the droplets,we have used the same amount of surfactant in all the emulsions to compare the effect of the mixture composition.On the basis of the preceding results,we used only surfactant solutions having˛HTAB=0.1;0.25;0.5and0.75.Since we were interested in O/W emulsions,these were prepared by dropping the paraffin to the aqueous emulgent solution under stirring.The nature of the emulsion(O/W)was determined by diffusion of a drop of a methylene blue aqueous solution in the continuous phase, viewed through the microscope(Fig.2in the SI).Fig.3shows the emulsions obtained with different surfactant compositions.The size distribution of droplets was graphically determined using a computer program(Pixcavator IA)on the pho-tomicrographs.The freshly prepared emulsions did not show remnant water or paraffin.The viscosity(Á)of the emulsion at25◦C were13.20cP for ˛HTAB=0.25;47.00cP for˛HTAB=0.5and382.00cP for˛HTAB=0.75. The droplets size distribution is shown in Fig.4.The particle size of an emulsion is one of the most important characteristics[13].Droplets size and droplets size distribution can be used as indexes of state of an emulsion and are intimately related to their stability,resistance to creaming,rheology,and chemical reactivity[15].Two emulsions may have the same average droplet diameter and yet exhibit quite dissimilar behaviours because of differences in their distribution of diameters.The droplet size distribution for˛HTAB=0.25is unimodal and broad while that for˛HTAB=0.50is multimodal with lower maxima. When˛HTAB is0.75the distribution is a narrow,unimodal and cen-tred in the smaller size.Emulsions with a droplet-size distribution with a maximum of low diameter droplets and with this maximum sharply defined represent a situation of maximum stability[16].To study the stability of the emulsions,these were aged in sealed graduated tubes.The separation of emulsion and water when the systems were aged can be seen in Fig.5.The emulsions still remained stable after14months.(Fig.3in SI).The aged emulsion with˛HTAB=0.75had a LP content73%V/V. Natural bitumen emulsions contain between70and80%V/V of bitumen separated by tiny layer of water,while asphaltic emulsions usually contain about60%V/V[9].The size distribution is shifted towards smaller droplets when aged,as shown in Fig.6for˛HTAB=0.25(the other surfactant com-positions showed similar behaviour).To determine the efficiency of the surfactant mixtures to emul-sify LP,20mL of emulsion having˛HTAB=0.25was completed to 100mL with liquid paraffin and stirred.After a day,there was1mL of supernatant paraffin,i.e.1.412g of surfactant mixture was capa-ble of emulsifying91mL of paraffin.The size distribution of droplets148E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154Fig.1.W/O emulsions produced by dropping aqueous surfactant solution to crude oil under stirring.×100.(a)˛HTAB =0.1,(b)˛HTAB =0.7,(c)˛HTAB =1.The bar corresponds to 0.2mm.Fig.2.O/W emulsion obtained by dropping crude oil to the aqueous surfactant solution under stirring.˛HTAB =0.75,×100.(a)emulsion diluted with 25%water,(b)emulsion diluted with 50%water.The bar corresponds to 0.2mm.was almost unimodal and is shown in Fig.7.After one year only 20mL of paraffin was separated while the remaining emulsion was stable (see Fig.3in SI)with the separation of the remnant water (below)and paraffin (above).Similar results were obtained with the other compositions.No agglomeration or coalescence was observed during the microscope observations,even after one hour of preparing the sam-ples.To test the temperature stability of emulsions,samples of the three emulsions (with ˛HTAB =0.25,0.5,and 0.75)were placed between slides and heated with a temperature-controlled stage at the microscope.Photos were taken at different temperatures up to the ebullition of water (Fig.8).Vapour bubbles and LP droplets differentiate by the aspect of their borders as a consequence of the different refractive index:the borders are black and thick in the vapour bubbles and light grey in the LP droplets.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.25became more fluid at 83◦C and the larger droplets disappeared but the smaller ones were retained.At 111.5◦C the emulsion flowed and the water started to boil.Fig.8band c shows the vapour bubbles that grew with increasing temper-ature.The oil droplets are smaller.At a temperature of 118◦C the emulsion started to break,to be almost completely broken at 119◦C.Fig.9shows the evolution of the droplets size with the raising tem-perature:the multimodal distribution of larger droplets trends to form a bimodal distribution of smaller droplets.Emulsions with ˛HTAB =0.5remained stable up to 103◦C,when vapour bubbles appeared.At 115◦C the system flowed and at 124.5◦C it collapsed.Fig.10shows the evolution of the size distribu-tion of droplets with raising temperature:it remained multimodal but shifted towards smaller droplets.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75became fluid at 83.6◦C and the excess of water was separated forming small domains that started to disappear at 104◦C.Some bubbles of vapour appeared and grew with the increasing temperature.Some emulsion was remained up to 122◦C.The size of oil droplets was reduced when the temper-ature was increased from 37.5◦C to 67.5◦C,and the distribution became narrower.Further increase of temperature did not affectE.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–154149Fig.3.microscope photos of fresh emulsions having˛HTAB=0.25(a)×100,0.5(b)×100,0.75(c)×100and0.75(d)×400.The line in photo(a)is a hair,having0.090mm in width,and used to calibrate the size of droplets.Bars in photos a–c correspond to0.2mm,in photo d,to0.1mm.Fig.4.size distribution of freshly prepared emulsion having˛HTAB=0.25,˛HTAB=0.50and˛HTAB=0.75.Distribution parameters: :number average, standard deviation, Max:maximum.the size distribution.Fig.11shows the size distribution of droplets as a function of temperature.The stability of the emulsions was not affected by two freeze–thaw cycles between−5and25◦C,with8h in each tem-perature.In conclusion,the three compositions gave emulsions stable up to the temperature of water boiling.The size distribution in all cases is shifted to smaller droplets when temperature is increased.The size behaviour on ageing and heating of emulsions is rather unusual.A possible explanation may be creaming of large oil droplets and therefore shifting the size distribution of the remain-ing emulsion down.Since samples were taken from different parts of the emulsion,the large droplets probably collapse giving rise to the narrow non-emulsified oil layer.Another possible explanation may be a rearrangement of the surfactant molecules in the droplets interface.Oleate molecules can fold to expose the double bond at the interface,since they tend to form hydrogen bonds with water with theirelectrons[17].This may lead to an average packing parameter of the mixture of surfactants that favours the formation of a hydrocarbon droplet with a given curvature generating a nar-150E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154Fig.5.Dependence on time of the volume percent of remnant emulsion (full symbols)and water (open symbols),ᮀ:˛HTAB =0.75; :˛HTAB =0.50;᭹ :˛HTAB =0.25.010********60708000.050.10.150.20.250.3D / mmf / %Fig.6.Evolution with time of emulsion prepared with ˛HTAB =0.25.rower size distribution.This mechanism needs some time,and willbe accelerated with temperature.As suggested by Anton et al.[18]mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants may be considered as 1:1complexes and the remain-der molecules of the surfactant in excess.The Ol.HTA complex has a large hydrophilic part formed by one N(CH 3)3+group from HTA +ion,and the COO −and CH CH groups of Ol −ion.As previously mentioned it has been found that the double bond has affinity to water,forming H-bonds with the electrons [19–21].The tail of the oleate ion is thus folded to put the CH CH group in contact with water in aggregates such as micelles or air/water monolayers [6–8].This produces a structure of the complex like a cone with the hydrophilic part at the basis,i.e.favouring a curved surface convex to the water.The behaviour of another cationic–anionic surfactant mixture which does not precipitate at any proportion (although it forms a coacervate in some proportions),sodium 10-undecenoate-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide [19,22,23],was explained by the same phenomenon.This explains why the O/W emulsion isfavoured and why the system does not precipitate even at the 1:1proportion.Similar reasons have been proposed in literature for other cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures which do not precipitate [24].The mixture with ˛HTAB =0.75is the best to produce O/W emulsions,i.e.once the 1:1complex was formed,two thirds of the hydrophilic HTAB molecules remain free.Then,the system is formed by an excess of hydrophilic surfactant which promotes O/W emulsion formation,and the complex which has a structure that accommodates to the same oil/water interface geometry.The droplets size decreases with time and with increasing tem-perature probably due to that part of the surfactant that remained in the aqueous phase and migrate by diffusion to the droplets sur-face.This takes time but is accelerated by the temperature rise.The molecules and 1:1complexes arriving to the oil/water inter-face must accommodate increasing the surface area,what may only occur with a diminution of the droplets’size when the total oil volume is constant.E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–1541511020304050607080900.0000.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 0.1800.200D / mmf / %Max 0.035 mm = 0.039 mm = 0.025 mmFig.7.size distribution of droplets for ˛HTAB =0.25saturated withparaffin.Fig.8.Evolution of emulsions with temperature,microscope photos ×100of emulsion width ˛HTAB =0.25(a)at 48◦C,(b)102◦C,(c)at 111.5◦C.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.5(d)at 38◦C,(e)at 100◦C,(f)at 103◦C.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75(g)at 37.7◦C,(h)at 83.5◦C,(i)at 109◦C.The bars correspond to 0.2mm.3.3.Destruction of emulsion by stonesThe emulsions were put in contact with powdered stones and observed under microscope to determine their applicability in the production of pavements.The emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75showed the best performance in the previous experiments so it was theonly one evaluated for this purpose.The droplets were clustered on the stones’surface and were subsequently destroyed.The destruc-tion of the emulsion was very rapid and finished in 15min.Fig.12shows the evolution of the CO emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75in contact with the powdered stones which were almost completely covered.152E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154010203040506000.0050.010.0150.020.025D / mmf / %Fig.9.Evolution of the size distribution of droplets with temperature for ˛HTAB =0.2505101520250.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.0350.040.045D / mmf / %Fig.10.Evolution of the size distribution of droplets with temperature for ˛HTAB =0.50.Fig.11.Size distribution of droplets having ˛HTAB =0.75as a function of temperature.E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–154153Fig.12.Photomicrographs of the emulsion destruction in contact with stones.×100,˛HTAB=0.75.(a)Diluted CO emulsion just added to the stones,(b)after5min,droplets were aggregated close to the stones,(c)after10min,(d)after30min,(e)after24h,(f)commercial cationic emulsion after30min.Photos a,b and f with polarized light and 1retardation plate intercalated.The other photos are with unpolarised light.Bars indicate0.2mm.The crude oil emulsion was previously diluted with20%water to improve visualization.The clear regions are water between stones.The destruction of the emulsion by stones seems to follow the mechanism called heteroflocculation[25],i.e.the oil droplets clus-ter together around the stones followed by their coalescence on the solid surface.In this sense,some HTAB molecules dissolved in the aqueous phase may hydrophobize the rock surface improving the adherence of the oil.The breaking time of emulsions is known to be affected by the nature of the aggregate and its specific area,humidity,surfactant concentration,pH,and temperature[4],therefore the speed of breaking in roads industry may be different to that found in our lab-oratory conditions.Due to the short time of breaking,this emulsion may be useful as an imprinting irrigation,i.e.irrigation of surfaces to produce a transition surface with the new asphaltic layer ensuring the anchoring of this layer,or to stabilize sands[26].154 E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–1544.ConclusionsNaOl–HTAB mixtures revealed to be good O/W emulsifiers.The system having˛HTAB=0.75gave the largest volume of emulsion having a narrow unimodal size distribution with smaller droplets. This emulsion has a relatively high viscosity.All emulsions were stable on ageing and to temperature rise.The emulsions were destroyed by contact with quartzite stones.These properties may be useful for different applications in petroleum industry such as their use as fuels,transport and pavement production.AknowledgementsENS is an assistant researcher of the Argentine National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches(CONICET),EPS is an adjunct researcher of CONICET.REA has a post-doctoral fellowship of CON-ICET.This research was supported by a grant of the Universidad Nacional del Sur.Appendix A.Supplementary dataSupplementary data associated with this article can be found,in the online version,at /10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11. 023.References[1]N.Delgado,F.Ysambertt,C.Montiel,G.Chávez,A.Cáceres,B.Bravo,N.Márquez,Evaluation of oil-in-water emulsions with non-ionic and anionicsurfactants mixtures for potential use in the oil industry,Rev.Téc.Ing.Univ.Zulia30(2)(2007)118–127(in Spanish).[2]L.Schramm,Surfactants:Fundamentals and Applications in the PetroleumIndustry,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,2000.[3]H.Rivas,X.Gutiérrez,Surfactants:behavior and some of their applications inthe petroleum industry,Acta Cient.Venez.50(Suppl.No.1)(1999)54–65. [4]M.Bourrel,C.Chambu,Cationic asphalt emulsions:breaking on mineralsubstrates,in:Proceedings2nd World Surfactant Congress1988,IV,Paris,1988,pp.145–161.[5]G.Urbina-Villalba,M.García-Sucre,Effect of non-homogeneous spatialdistributions of surfactants on the stability of high-content bitumen-in-water emulsions,Interciencia25(9)(2000)415–422.[6]M.Chappat,Some applications of emulsions,Colloids Surf.A Phys.Eng.Aspects91(1994)57–77.[7]W.S.Abdulla,M.T.Obaidat,N.M.Abu-Sa’da,Influence of aggregate type andgradation on voids of asphalt concrete pavements,J.Mater.Civil Eng.1988 (1988)76–85.[8]N.El-Kadi,F.Martins,D.Clausse,P.C.Schulz,Critical micelle concentration ofaqueous hexadecyltrimetylammonium bromide–sodium oleate mixtures,Colloid Polym.Sci.281(2003)353–362.[9]D.B.Miraglia,E.N.Schulz,J.L.M.Rodriguez,P.C.Schulz,D.Salinas,Sodiumoleate–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mixtures,J.Colloid Interface Sci.351(2010)197–202.[10]D.B.Miraglia,J.L.M.Rodríguez,R.M.Minardi,P.C.Schulz,Critical micelleconcentration and hlb of the sodium oleate–hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide mixed system,J.Surfactants Deterg.14(2011)401–408.[11]P.V.Messina,O.Pieroni,V.Verdinelli,P.C.Schulz,Regarding the effect thatdifferent twin tailed surfactants have on a solid stabilized petroleumemulsion,Colloid Polym.Sci.286(2008)191–199.[12]V.Verdinelli,M.A.Morini,P.V.Messina,P.C.Schulz,S.Alvarez,Study ofcompatibility of quartzite stones–Pigüéquarry–with asphalt emulsions,in: Proceedings of the XXXIV Reunión del Asfalto Dr.Alfredo Pinilla,Mar delPlata,Argentina,2006(in Spanish).[13]B.H.Bishop,J.L.Wulfinghoff,Practical Emulsions,vol.1,3rd ed.,ChemicalPublishing Co.,Inc.,New York,1968.[14]J.Mandel,Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data,Interscience,New York,1964,pp.134–137.[15]P.Becher,Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology,vol.1,Dekker,New York andBasel,1983,pp.369.[16]P.Becher,Emulsions Theory and Practice,American Chemical SocietyMonograph Series No.162,2nd ed.,R.E.Krieger Pub.Co.,New York,1977. [17]P.Messina,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,Aqueous sodium oleate-sodiumdehydrocholate mixtures at low concentration,Colloid Polym.Sci.281(11) (2003)1082–1091.[18]R.E.Anton,D.Gomez,A.Graciaa,chaise,J.L.Salaguer,Surfactant–oil–water systems near the affinity inversion part ix:optimumformulation and phase behavior of mixed anionic–cationic systems,J.Dispersion Sci.Technol.14(4)(1993)401–416.[19]M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,The catanionic system sodiumundecenoate-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide at low concentration,Colloid Polym.Sci.282(6)(2004)633–641,and references therein.[20]M.L.Ferreira,M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,A computational study ofthe structure and behaviour of the aqueous mixed system sodiumunsaturated carboxylate–dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,J.Phys.Chem.110(2006)17600–17606.[21]M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,E.Junquera,E.Aicart,Effect of doublebonds in the formation of sodium dodecanoate and sodium10-undecenoate mixed micelles in water,J.Phys.Chem.B111(2007)11692–11699.[22]M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,M.L.Ferreira,Unusual volumetric andhydration behavior of the catanionic system sodium undecenoate—dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,Colloid Polym.Sci.283(2005)1016–1024.[23]M.B.Sierra,P.V.Messina,M.A.Morini,J.M.Ruso,G.Prieto,P.C.Schulz,F.Sarmiento,The nature of the coacervate formed in the aqueousdodecyltrimethylammonium bromide–sodium10-undecenoate mixtures,Colloids Surf.A:Phys.Eng.Aspects277(2006)75–82.[24]G.Kume,M.Gallotti,G.Nunes,Review on anionic/cationic surfactantmixtures,J.Surfactants Deterg.11(2008)1–11.[25]R.A.Mercado,V.Sadtler,P.Marchal,L.Chopin,J.L.Salager,Heteroflocculationof a cationic oil-in-water emulsion resulting from Fontainebleau’sandstone powder addition as a model for asphalt emulsion breakup,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.51(2012)11688–11694.[26]K.P.George,Stabilization of sands by asphalt emulsion,Transp.Res.Rec.1976(1976)51–56.。
☆藤林杏/冬胜平/春原兄妹☆【序章】【4月14日】1录点什么上去【4月15日】1道歉2认认真真上课2不去管她1出去避难2不去管她【幻想世界】【4月16日】1和老婆婆打个招呼1试着追问下去2还是算了【4月17日】2去校外闲逛2目送她离去【幻想世界】【4月18日】2扑克占卜2还是回教室去吧【4月19日】2直接回家【幻想世界】【4月20日】1跟他去2再看一会儿1帮忙【4月21日】2迟点再去吧1向右跳2摇一摇他1查清住址后送给他【幻想世界】【4月22日】1问候说:你好★SAVE01☆藤林杏★2拿回去好了【4月23日】2跟着去1嘴里先含上一口水再说2不代他接听【幻想世界】【4月24日】1真的?真的可以吗?【4月25日】2老老实实地去校门口2恋人【4月26日】1如果这样也没关系的话…【4月28日】2还是抱到学校去吧1喜欢长头发(进入藤林椋结局选[2喜欢短头发])【4月29日】【4月30日】【5月1日】1很好吃啊…【5月2日】【5月3日】1练习试试看【5月4日】2紫水晶(藤林椋结局选[1坦桑蓝])【5月5日】2恋人1接吻【5月6日】【5月7日】1飞奔出去【5月8日】【5月9日】【5月10日】【5月11日】【5月12日】【5月13日】【5月14日】【5月15日】【杏】【ending】【椋】【杏·尾声】●从藤林杏处获得egrrr●☆LOAD01★冬胜平/春原兄妹☆1把牡丹丢还给杏2不帮忙【4月23日】3学一石堂那样说话★SAVE02☆冬胜平★2不代他接听【幻想世界】【4月24日】2不参加【4月25日】【4月26日】【胜平】2给他介绍住处【ending】【胜平·尾声】●从藤林椋处获得egrrr●☆LOAD02★春原兄妹☆1代春原接听【幻想世界】【4月24日】2受理1藤林姐妹1姐姐【芽衣】2从远处看看他怎么样?【春原兄妹】【芽衣·尾声】【春原】【春原·尾声】【ending】●从春原芽衣处获得egrrr●☆相乐美佐枝/坂上智代☆【序章】【4月14日】1录点什么上去2随便说几句【4月15日】2无视2认认真真上课1到庭院去2再继续谈话2继续看下去1我对此也颇感兴趣1在意1向她搭话【幻想世界】【4月16日】1去2还是算了1跑去买2让她一个人做【4月17日】1跟去看看1跟着他去1跟着他去2去校外闲逛1向她搭话【幻想世界】【4月18日】1接受1踢回去2让春原去占卜2还是回教室去吧1帮忙1向她搭话【4月19日】1劝他放弃2直接回家【幻想世界】【4月20日】2不理他1问她还可以再来吗【4月21日】1认认真真地起床上学1打招呼1的确不错1忍耐★SAVE03☆相乐美佐枝★2还是去美佐枝的房间1严厉1为我操心1被窝中的味道很香【美佐枝】【美佐枝·尾声】【ending】☆LOAD03★坂上智代☆1不去了【幻想世界】【4月22日】1现在正准备回去2不,不是这个意思…1该阻止他了【4月23日】2先摆出一副找到了我的样子2那家伙以话剧社为目标【幻想世界】【4月24日】1说不定只是想和智代在一起【4月25日】1坚持要求接吻2在食堂里吃【4月28日】【4月30日】【5月1日】【5月2日】1那么,不如现在…1做色色的事情【5月3日】1幻想一下1幻想一下1嗯…差不多吧【5月4日】1开始过份的妄想【5月5日】2这样下去是不行的【5月6日】2插嘴说话2不行【5月7日】【5月8日】【5月9日】【5月11日】1踢回去1帮忙●从相乐美佐枝处获得egrrr●(其实应该是从那只小猫那得到的)【5月13日】【5月14日】【智代】【智代·尾声】【ending】●从坂上智代处获得egrrr●☆宫泽有纪宁/一ノ瀨ことみ☆(因为一ノ瀨ことみ的剧情还未翻译,请不要逃课^0^)【序章】【4月14日】1录点什么上去2随便说几句【4月15日】2无视1逃课1食べる1到庭院去2再继续谈话1出去避难1在意【幻想世界】【4月16日】1跑去买2让她一个人做【4月17日】1逃课1ついていく1ペ—ジを切ってないか調べる2去校外闲逛2目送她离去【幻想世界】【4月18日】2让春原去占卜★SAVE04☆宫泽有纪宁★2回教室去1到那里去睡2再聊一会儿1睡觉【4月19日】1去旧校舍3去资料室【幻想世界】【4月20日】【4月21日】1认认真真地起床上学【幻想世界】【4月22日】3先作自我介绍1去1杏【4月23日】1就像在站台分别的恋人那样1做2不代他接听【幻想世界】【4月24日】1好的1试试看1古河…【4月25日】【4月26日】【4月28日】【有纪宁】2就这样下去1好2让她继续睡下去●从宫泽有纪宁处获得egrrr●【ending】【有纪宁·尾声】☆LOAD04★一ノ瀨ことみ☆1图书室1脅かしてやる1进入图书室2名前を呼ぶ1放っておけない【4月19日】2直接回家1後を追って書店に入る2家まで送ると申し出る【幻想世界】【4月20日】2ここにいていいか訊ねる1讀む【4月21日】1认认真真地起床上学1『違う』と答える【幻想世界】【4月22日】【4月23日】1職員室に行ってみる【幻想世界】【4月24日】【4月25日】2もちろん逃げる【4月26日】【4月27日】【4月28日】【4月29日】2外出する【4月30日】2ことみを助ける【5月1日】【5月2日】【5月3日】2今はまだ違いますが…【5月4日】2このままでもいいか…【5月5日】1告白する【5月6日】【5月7日】【5月8日】1なぜそんなことを訊くんですか?【ことみ】2續ける2『あきらめるな』と言う2續ける【movie】【ことみ·尾声】【ending】●从一ノ瀨ことみ处获得egrrr●☆伊吹风子/幸村俊夫/古河渚☆【序章】【4月14日】1录点什么上去2随便说几句【4月15日】2无视2认认真真上课1到庭院去2再继续谈话1出去避难1在意2不去管她【幻想世界】【4月16日】2还是算了1跑去买1帮忙1想那样做【4月17日】2插图1出去找找她1去隔壁的教室看一下2向她搭话【幻想世界】【4月18日】2让春原去占卜2放走她1空教室2再看一会2还是回教室去吧3你喜欢哪种类型的男生?2拉着古河的手,快步跑掉【4月19日】1去看看情况【幻想世界】【4月20日】1古河的身体状况怎么样?1跟他去2再看一会儿1帮忙【4月21日】2看看窗外1太无聊了,让她用鼻子喝果汁玩玩1代替她去谈判【幻想世界】【4月22日】1斩杀1和风子商量一下1和藤林姐妹商量1恶作剧1让风子用鼻子喝果汁Lv22带回家去1帮忙【4月23日】2不是1昨晚又哭了一夜吧?2不是的2转换心情1叫住她1恶作剧3找别人来装扮自己Lv11代春原接听(选[2不代他接听]后面剧情和选项会有所不同)【幻想世界】【4月24日】1叫住她1恶作剧4偷换掉风子怀抱的雕刻Lv1 ★SAVE05☆伊吹风子★1就这样注视着她【4月25日】1叫住她3找别人来装扮自己Lv2【幻想世界】【4月26日】1问问看他们1把她硬拉去1决定帮助她2把风子带到别处去Lv1【4月27日】1老老实实地告诉她1慢慢掐住她的鼻子1是啊…【4月28日】2长寿筷1让她也来参加讨论1恶作剧4偷换掉风子怀抱着的雕刻Lv2 【4月29日】1跟着渚一起去1恶作剧2把风子带到别处去Lv2【4月30日】2新校舍三楼走廊2揉鼻子【5月1日】【5月2日】2继续说服【5月3日】【5月4日】【5月5日】【5月6日】【5月7日】【5月8日】【5月11日】2接替他【5月12日】【5月13日】【5月14日】【5月15日】【风子】★SAVE06★1可以接吻吗?【风子·尾声】【ending】☆LOAD06☆(此步骤是为了获得全CG)2可以继续这么待着吗?【风子·尾声】【ending】☆LOAD05★幸村俊夫/古河渚☆2紧紧抱住她【幻想世界】【4月26日】1赶路要紧1去找找看1让幸村加入队伍1好的【4月27日】1可以【幻想世界】【4月28日】1在新校舍寻找2去三楼寻找1说明2阻止她【4月29日】●风子egrrr消失事件●【4月30日】★SAVE07☆幸村俊夫★1最后一球给杏【5月1日】【5月6日】【5月】【幸村】【ending】●从幸村俊夫处获得egrrr●☆LOAD07★古河渚☆2最后一球给我【5月1日】1送礼物【5月2日】1喜欢【opening】【幻想世界】【5月4日】【5月5日】【幻想世界】【5月6日】【5月7日】【5月8日】【5月10日】1夺走剧本【5月11日】1你是个很棒的父亲1呼喊【幻想世界】【5月11日】【5月12日】【5月13日】【5月14日】【渚】【ending】●after story出现●☆after story☆【幻想世界】【渚·后日】【4月5日】【4月6日】【4月7日】【4月10日】【4月12日】【4月14日】【渚·后日】【同居篇】【5月5日】1自分を落ち著かせる【5月6日】1いい【5月7日】【5月8日】【5月9日】1誤解を解く1默ってじっとしている【5月10日】【5月11日】【5月12日】1テレビを見る【5月13日】1創立者祭1模試【5月14日】【5月15日】1別にいいけど【5月17日】【5月18日】【5月19日】【5月20日】【5月21日】【5月22日】【5月23日】【5月24日】【同居篇】★SAVE08☆古河早苗★1ダメじゃなくて無理【早苗】1好き●从古河早苗处获得egrrr●【同居篇】1正直に答える2歌う【芳野】2さらにきを訊く1明後日まで待って﹑一緒にいく【同居篇】2………。
作者: Sanjoy Das, Assistant Professor,Kansas State UniversityPh.D. 1994, Louisiana State University.Evolutionary algorithms, neural networks,artificial intelligence, discrete optimization.International applicants seeking assistantship/admission: please do not send me emails blindly without reading thisEvery day I receive emails from international candidates for information, for advice, and especially requesting financial assistance. Unfortunately, I delete most of them without even reading them carefully. I get so many irrelevant emails that cannot reply to each. Extremely rarely has one caught my attention. Please do not send me emails without reading this first. I am only interested in corresponding to candidates who are exceptional, and have a strong interest and experience in my immediate area of specialization, and I highly prefer ones with a Master's degree.Here are two sample letters:A sample letter that will never get the candidate an assistantship with me:Unwanted emailRespected sir,I am very interested in going to the US for higher studies. I am seeking admission and financial assistance in your esteemed University. I amvery interested in artificial intelligence and computer architecture. I have programming experience in C++, C and java. I am also familiar with several software packages in the Windows environment (MS Word, Excel Spreadsheet etc.). I also have networking certification from NOVELL. My GRE score is 2050, and I got 99 percentile in the TOEFL exam.I request you to spare a few moments from your precious time to go through my attached resume.Sir - if you are kind enough to offer me assistantship, I promise to work very hard for you. I have a very good academic record since primary school. Alternately, can you tell me what are my chances of getting assistantship from your department?Can you kindly inform me about the last dates for Summer term 2002before which I can apply?Thank you for your valuable time,Yours obedientlyABCMy comments: I simply delete these emails, which I consider garbage . The person seems to be too obsequious and flattering. In the emails that I do read (occasionally), I do a first scan for keywords like "precious", "respected" etc. deleting the email if I find one. Obviously the person is not professional enough. The person is interested in artificial intelligence and computer architecture - these are quite unrelated areas, making me think that he is trying to cover as many professors as possible to get aid from any possible source. Besides, he does not have anything in support of his claim (about his interest in artificial intelligence). He emphasizes on his software skills, making me think that his goal is to get a programming job in the US and higher studies is only to allow him access to the US job market. His GRE scores are OK, but not exceptional. He asks me to tell him what his chances of getting an assistantship are, elsewhere in the department. I have absolutely no way of finding that out, and even if I knew, I would not bother to reply back. He also asks me to give him information about summer deadlines. How am I supposed to know that? (I would typically expect that this information should be available fromthe University web site, or from the grad school, but my guess is as good as yours.) Finally, this letter is too generic . He probably uses exactly the same format for hundreds of email letters to various professors throughout the country, leaving no stone uncovered. I receive hundredsof email like this. Regretfully, I cannot answer everyone, and these applications do not interest me at all.Now, here is a letter that would DEFINITELY attract my attention: Excellent emailDear Prof. Das,I am applying to KSU (amongst other places) for a Ph.D., and I am very interested in your research areas. I would like to explore the possibility of doing my research with you, with financial support.2012生存手册【声明】作者撰此文目的并非在于散播末日论,也无暇分析其到来的可能性有多大,或者是真是假。
本文只是把我所能想到的生存知识收集整理,以及某种可能性如果不幸到来,倒时我们应该怎样求生。
如果不感兴趣,尽可将此文当作娱乐,此文涉及各种灾难来临前先兆的判断,应该做的准备与避险知识,当成科普材料,以作不时之需也不错。
所以请不要误以为这是一篇宣传末世论谣言的文章,本人也谢绝一切跨省,跨国,跨星球追捕。
【写在前面】当灾难降临时,如果只是一味浪费时间顾影自怜直到身心崩溃,那很容易。
所以只有积极行动起来才能拯救自己。
一位健康者、一个营养良好的人,只要有信心,从生理上讲就一定能承受相当大的灾难。
甚至在伤病状况下,性情坚毅者也一定能胜利渡过难关、奇迹般地恢复。
良好的训练和丰富的知识会给你带来自信。
信心能帮你战胜恐惧、厌倦、绝望和孤独。
一、需要准备的东西1.衣物(耐磨材质头巾面巾上衣至少皮衣保暖用一件长袖衫热带用长袖防止受划伤和蚊虫叮咬一件军装优先,要带若干条好东西不多说。
棉裤保暖用裤子牛仔裤N条军裤优先,靴子丛林靴雪地靴各一双防滑靴一双军靴优先)2.其他穿戴物品(凯夫拉防弹头盔防毒面具多功能挂带水袋氧气瓶N个雨衣披风防化服一套潜水衣一套)3.药品(抗生素为主,相信我你没时间养病,大灾后必有大疫。