高三英语(自主招生复习之经典试题解析--词汇与语法)
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高三自主招生知识点汇总高三学生在备战自主招生考试时,需要掌握一些关键的知识点,以便在考试中取得更好的成绩。
下面是针对高三自主招生考试的知识点进行的详细汇总。
1. 数学知识点在数学科目中,以下是一些重要的知识点需要掌握:(1) 高等代数:矩阵、行列式、向量和线性方程组等内容;(2) 函数与导数:函数的性质、导数的计算和应用;(3) 三角函数:三角函数的性质、三角恒等式和反三角函数;(4) 立体几何:空间中的几何体和相关计算;(5) 数列与数学归纳法:等差数列、等比数列等的性质和计算。
2. 物理知识点在物理科目中,以下是一些重要的知识点需要掌握:(1) 运动学:位移、速度、加速度等的计算和相关概念;(2) 力学:牛顿三定律、摩擦力、弹力等的应用;(3) 电学:电流、电压、电阻的计算和基本电路的分析;(4) 光学:光的反射、折射、色散等的原理和相关计算;(5) 热学:温度、热量、热传导等的基本概念和计算。
3. 化学知识点在化学科目中,以下是一些重要的知识点需要掌握:(1) 元素周期表:元素的周期性和元素的性质;(2) 化学键:共价键、离子键和金属键的形成和性质;(3) 反应方程式:化学反应的平衡和化学方程式的写法;(4) 酸碱中和反应:酸碱反应的原理和相关计算;(5) 化学反应速率:反应速率的影响因素和计算方法。
4. 生物知识点在生物科目中,以下是一些重要的知识点需要掌握:(1) 细胞生物学:细胞的结构、功能和相关实验;(2) 遗传学:基因的结构、遗传规律和基因工程的原理;(3) 植物与动物的生殖:植物和动物的生殖方式和生殖器官;(4) 生态学:生态系统的结构、能量流动和物种适应性;(5) 免疫学:免疫系统的功能、疫苗和抗生素的原理。
5. 英语知识点在英语科目中,以下是一些重要的知识点需要掌握:(1) 词汇与拼写:常见单词的拼写和词义;(2) 语法:动词时态、句型转换和从句的使用;(3) 阅读理解:阅读文章后的问题回答和推理判断;(4) 写作技巧:写作的结构、表达方式和常见写作题材;(5) 听力技巧:听取录音材料后的问题回答和填空。
教师辅导讲义What do I look like, drifting on so free?A wild gull seeking shelter on the sea.[解析] 杜甫的这首《旅夜书怀》,寓情于景、寓景于情、情景相生、互藏其宅。
其意思是“拂岸的微风,摇曳的细草,高高的桅杆,孤独的夜和飘泊的客舟;低垂的星辰衬托出原野的广阔,跳动的月影伴随着江上的波涛向东奔流;难道是真的文章给我带来了名声,还是年老多病才使我的官职终归罢休?一生奔波到底是个什么形象呢?你看,那宽广的天地间有一只飘摇的沙鸥。
”许渊冲先生的翻译忠实地表达了诗人的情怀,并且在形式上也实现了诗句的压韵等特点。
例4 (清华大学2009,改编)余生乾隆癸未冬十一月二十有二日,正值太平盛世,且在衣冠之家,居苏州沧浪亭畔,天之厚我,可谓至矣。
东坡云:“事如春梦了无痕”,苟不记之笔墨,未免有辜彼苍之厚。
[译文]I was born in 1763, under the reign of Ch'ienlung, on the twenty-second day of the eleventh moon. The country was then in the heyday of peace and, moreover, I was born in a scholar's family, living by the side of the Ts'anglang Pavilion on Soochow. So altogether I may say the gods have been unusually kind to me. Su Tungp's said,“Life is like a spring dream which vanishes without a trace.”I should be ungrateful to the gods if I did not try to put my life down on record.[解析] 这段是清朝沈复所著的《浮生六记》卷一的第一段,译者为林语堂。
高三年级英语词汇与语法终极冲刺练习题50题(答案解析)1.The students are discussing the importance of various learning _____.A.waysB.methodsC.meansD.approaches答案解析:D。
“ways”通常指方式、方法,比较普通常见;“methods”强调系统的方法;“means”侧重于手段、工具;“approaches”强调解决问题的途径、方法,在学习方面更常用,结合题干中讨论学习的重要性,“approaches”更合适。
2.In preparing for the college entrance examination, we need to choose the right _____ to review.A.toolsB.instrumentsC.implementsD.devices答案解析:A。
“tools”工具,可用于学习等方面;“instruments”通常指乐器或精密仪器;“implements”多指工具、器具,比较宽泛;“devices”多指装置、设备。
这里准备高考选择复习的“工具”用“tools”更恰当。
3.The teacher gave us different _____ to solve this difficult mathproblem.A.solutionsB.answersC.repliesD.responses答案解析:A。
“solutions”强调解决问题的办法;“answers”主要是问题的答案;“replies”和“responses”都侧重于回应。
题干是解决数学难题,用“solutions”。
4.The school provides a variety of extracurricular _____ for students to develop their interests.A.activitiesB.eventsC.occasionsD.affairs答案解析:A。
第二讲:上海自主招生语法与词汇(英语)第一部分复旦试题1.The score that a student obtains before any adjustment and transformation is called the score.A.bare B.raw C.primitive D.crude此题考的是搭配,raw score“原始分”。
C和D也都是“原始的”,但搭配不同,C用于primitive society,D用于crude oil。
2.The play is so intriguing that the audience quickly identified the actors and actresses.A.by B.for C.with D.on此题考的也是搭配,短语be identified with“与…有同感”。
3.When the chief executive officer was invited to play the piano at the end of the concert, she performed a piece without .A.inspection B.investigation C.manipulation D.rehearsal此题考的是生词。
4.The multi-millionaire has reached the point money no longer makes much difference to him.A.that B.which C.when D.where本题考点是定语从句,只要分析从句中的句子成分,便可以很快找出答案。
这里从句有主语,有完整的谓语,先行词一定是做状语。
point, situation等表示事态、情况、程度等的一些词在用于定语从句时后面的连词要用where或in which。
再比如,we're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.5.Helen her former classmate when she was on the train bound for Germany.A.ran into B.hit on C.bumped against D.rushed at此题考的是短语。
高考自主招生英语真题试卷Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage:Education is a fundamental human right, essential for the 1 of individuals and communities. It also lies at the heart of solving many global challenges, from ending poverty and fostering economic growth to achieving sustainable development 2 . However, according to recent studies, more than 263 million children and young people worldwide are out of school, and there are still many 3 in the quality of education provided.One of the biggest problems is the lack of trained teachers in many parts of the world. In some countries, children 4 long distances to attend the nearest school, where overcrowded classrooms and limited resources make learning difficult. Moreover, the curriculum is often outdated and irrelevant to the needs of 21st-century learners.Technology has the potential to 5 some of these challenges. Online courses and digital resources can help bridge the gap between students and teachers, providing access to educational materials that would otherwise be 6 . However, technology is not a panacea. In many developing countries, thelack of basic infrastructure such as electricity and internet connectivity prevents students from 7 the benefits of online learning.To address these issues, governments, NGOs, and international organizations need to work together to ensure that every child has access to a quality education. This requires 8 investment in teacher training, innovative teaching methods, and the development of relevant curricula. It also involves improving infrastructure and expanding access to digital technologies in remote areas.Education is the key to unlocking human potential and building a more just and prosperous world. By investing in education, we invest in the future of our planet and all its inhabitants. Let us join hands to ensure that every child can fulfill their dreams through the power of learning.Word Bank:A. enhanceB. potentialC. challengesD. overcomeE. deprivedF. addressG. faceH. universalI. accessJ. developmentAnswers:1. H - universal2. C - challenges3. G - face4. G - face5. D - overcome6. E - deprived7. I - access8. A - enhance9. F - address10. J - development(Note: The word bank and answers are provided for reference purposes.)。
高三年级英语词汇与语法终极冲刺练习题50题含答案解析1. In "Pride and Prejudice", Mr. Darcy said, "I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in ______." Here the most appropriate word to fill in the blank is ______.A. principleB. theoryC. conceptD. idea答案解析:A。
“principle”有原则的意思,“in principle”表示在原则上;“theory”侧重于理论学说;“concept”更强调概念;“idea”主要指想法主意。
在这个句子里,表达的是虽然在实际上是自私的,但在原则上不是,所以根据句子含义和词汇用法,选择A。
2. As is described in "Jane Eyre", "I am no bird; and no net ensnares me; I am a free human being with an independent ______." Which word should be used here?A. soulB. spiritC. mindD. heart答案解析:C。
“mind”在这里表示心智、思维,强调有独立的思考能力;“soul”更多指灵魂;“spirit”侧重于精神;“heart”主要指内心、心脏。
根据句子语境,这里强调独立的思维,所以选C。
3. In "The Great Gatsby", "He stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward - and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock." Here "minute" means ______.A. 分钟B. 会议记录C. 微小的D. 重要的Which option should be chosen to explain the word "minute" in this context?A. smallB. importantC. recordD. time答案解析:A。
高三年级英语词汇与语法终极冲刺练习题50题含答案解析1.The teacher gave us a lot of ____ on how to learn English well.A.adviceB.suggestionC.advicesD.suggestions答案解析:A。
“advice”是不可数名词,表示“建议”;“suggestion”是可数名词,表示“建议”。
a lot of 既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,但此句中谓语动词是gave,且根据语义“老师给了我们很多如何学好英语的建议”,advice 更符合语境,所以选A。
2.We need to buy some ____ for the party.A.foodsB.foodC.fruitD.vegetables答案解析:B。
“food”是不可数名词,表示“食物”;“fruit”和“vegetables”都是可数名词。
根据语义“我们需要为聚会买一些食物”,food 更符合语境,所以选B。
3.My sister has a lot of ____ about history.A.knowledgeB.knowledgesrmation答案解析:A。
“knowledge”是不可数名词,表示“知识”;“information”和“news”也是不可数名词,但此句中表示“我姐姐有很多关于历史的知识”,knowledge 更符合语境,所以选A。
4.There are many different kinds of ____ in the zoo.A.animalsB.birdsC.fishesD.insects答案解析:A。
“animal”表示“动物”,是一个比较宽泛的概念;“bird”表示“鸟”;“fish”表示“鱼”,单复数同形;“insect”表示“昆虫”。
根据语义“动物园里有很多不同种类的动物”,animal 更符合语境,所以选A。
单元提升卷15 Unit 4 Space Exploration单元基础知识巩固重点单词变形1.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→intelligence n.智慧2.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determine vt.查明;确定;决定→determination n.决心;果断3.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望;沮丧4.desire n.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望→desired adj.渴望的,想要的5.independent adj.独立的;自立的→independently adv.独立地;自立地→independence n.独立;自立→depend vi.依靠6.lack vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的;不足的7.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→argument n.争论;争吵;论点8.analysis n.(对事物的)分析;分析结果→analyz(s)e v.分析9.regular adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→regularly adv.有规律地;经常;定期地10.limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n.限制重点词组1.carry on继续做,坚持干2.on board在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上3.in the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望4.so as to (do sth.)为了;以便5.figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白6.result in导致;造成7.as a result所以;结果(是)8.provide for sb.提供生活所需9.in closing最后10.run out用完;耗尽一、用单词的适当形式完成句子二、根据汉语意思填写单词三、完成句子参考答案:1.lacking【详解】考查省略句。
高三英语词汇与语法综合单选题50题1. The question ____ we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.A. whichB. whenC. whetherD. where答案:C。
解析:本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
“we should call in a specialist”是对“the question”内容的解释说明。
A选项“which”在名词性从句中表示“哪一个”,不符合题意;B选项“when”表示时间,代入句子语义不通;C选项“whether”表示“是否”,在此处表达“我们是否应该请专家这个问题”,符合语境;D选项“where”表示地点,也不符合句子意思。
2. ____ is known to all, Hemingway is a famous American writer.A. AsB. ItC. WhichD. What答案:A。
解析:本题考查定语从句。
“As is known to all”是一个固定用法,意为“众所周知”,这里的“as”引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面整个句子。
B选项“it”不能引导定语从句;C选项“which”引导非限制性定语从句时,不能放在句首;D选项“what”不能引导定语从句。
3. The news ____ he won the first prize in the competition surprised his family.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. how答案:C。
解析:本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
“he won the first prize in the competition”是对“the news”内容的解释说明,同位语从句中不缺成分,所以用“that”引导。
A选项“which”在名词性从句中充当成分,这里不需要;B选项“what”在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语等成分,这里不适用;D选项“how”表示方式,不符合句子语义。
教师辅导讲义哪里释放出来”。
shut表示“关闭”,penetrate表示“穿透”,elect表示“选举”,均不符合题意。
例4 (上海交通大学2009) She blood when the Red Cross had a blood drive.A. allocatedB. dedicatedC. extractedD. donated【解析】答案为D。
此句的意思是“当红十字会有献血活动时她献了血”。
donate blood 属于搭配,表示“献血”。
allocate表示“配给、分配”,dedicate表示“将时间等奉献给……”,extract表示“取出”。
例5 (复旦大学2010)Since the two countries couldn’t their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.A. dissolveB. reconcileC. obligeD. render【解析】答案为B。
此句的意思是“由于两个国家不能够调节彼此的分歧,因此他们决定停止协谈”。
reconcile the differences属于搭配,表示“调节差异和分歧”。
dissolve表示“分解、驱散”,oblige表示“迫使或使感到必须做某事”,render表示“投降或者放弃”。
例6 (上海交通大学2008) We Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.A. subjectB. attributeC. contributeD. refer【解析】答案为B。
此句的意思是“我们把爱迪生的成功归因于他的智力和勤奋工作”。
attribute one's success to 属于搭配,表示“把某人的成功归因于什么”。
subject sb./sth.to sth. 表示“征服、使某人遭到批评”,contribute (money, help, advice, etc) to sth.表示“捐助”,refer sb. /sth. to sth.表示‘‘将某物送交某人以谋求帮助”。
例7 (复旦大学2010) Since no further information concerning the case was disclosed, people could not help on its outcome.A. speculatingB. apprehendingC. reflectingD. fumbling【解析】答案为A。
此句的意思是“由于缺少所批露案件的进一步的消息,人们禁不住对于案件的结果加以猜测”。
speculate on为固定搭配,表示“对什么进行猜测”;apprehend为及物动词,表示“领会、理解”;reflect做及物动词时,表示“反射、反映”,做不及物动词时,表示“仔细考虑”;fumble做及物动词时表示“笨拙地做”,做不及物动词时表示“搜索”,均不符合题意。
例8 (上海交通大学2009)When the result of the vote was announced the Prime Minister defeat.A. acquaintedB. assuredC. notifiedD. acknowledged【解析】答案为D。
此句的意思是“当选举结果公布时,首相承认失败了”。
acknowledge defeat属于固定搭配,表示“承认失败”;acquaint sb. with sth. 表示“使某人熟悉或了解某事物”;assure sb. /oneself of sth. 表示“使某人对某事物确信不疑”;notify sb. of sth. 表示“通知某人某事”。
2. 短语这里的短语其实也是搭配的一种,在历年的考试中多数为动词+介词或者动词+副词的短语。
这些短语中的动词多数为上义词,即一般动词(general verbs),短语意义并不明晰,并且与不同的介词或者副词搭配会产生不同的意义,容易产生混淆。
例9 (中山大学2010,改编)I feel sure that qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.A. on account ofB. in spite ofC. in terms ofD. by means of【解析】答案为C。
此句的意思是“我确定从资格、能力和经验各方面来看,你足以适合我们设想的职务”。
in terms of表示“在什么方面、从什么方面来看”,符合句意。
on account of表示“由于”,in spite of表示“除了”,by means of表示“用、依靠”,均不符合题意。
例10 (复旦大学2010)The problem should be taken into serious consideration instead of being .A. put backB. shrugged offC. dealt withD. disposed of【解析】答案为B。
此句的意思是“对该问题不能轻视,应当严肃对待”。
shrug off意为“轻视、不屑一顾”,符合句意。
put back意为“放回原处”,deal with意为“处理”,dispose of意为“处理、丢掉”,均不符合句意。
例11 (复旦大学2009) Is it really news that a couple separation should be arguing about the custody of their children?A. on the grounds ofB. on the strength ofC. on the threshold ofD. on the brisk of【解析】答案为C。
此句的意思是“刚分开的夫妇应该争夺他们孩子的监护权还称得上是新闻吗?”on the threshold of表示“在……的开始、初期”,符合题意。
on the grounds of表示“以什么为借口”,on the strength of表示“受……的鼓励、依赖、由于”,不符合题意。
另外,考试有时会考查学生对短语记忆的准确度,特别是短语中的介词或者副词,如下例所示:例12 (复旦大学2009)Many governments thus financing expenditure through domestic bank borrowing and printing money, both of which are inflationary.A. fall toB. call onC. bring upD. resort to【解析】答案为B。
此句的意思是“许多政府因此呼吁通过国内银行借贷和印刷钞票带来金融支出,而这两种方式都可能导致通货膨胀”。
call on表示“亏召、呼吁”,符合句意。
fall to表示“着手、开始攻击”,bring up表示“培养、提出(供讨论或促使注意)”,resort to表示“求助、采取”,均不符合题意。
例13 (华东师范大学2008,改编)He is burning the midnight oil to his lost time.A. keep up withB. make use ofC. make up forD. catch up with【解析】答案为C。
此句的意思是“他开夜车以弥补他失去的时光”。
make up for表示“弥补”,为正确答案。
keep up with表示“跟上”,make use of表示“利用”,catch up with表示“赶上”,均不合题意。
3. 形近词辨析对形近词辨析的考查主要有两种,一种是拼写比较相近的词,如下例所示:例14 (上海交通大学2008)You should always concentrate on what you are doing and not be by sounds.A. detachedB. distractedC. extractedD. impaired【解析】答案为B。
此句的意思是“你应该总是集中于所做的事情而不应该被声音干扰”。
四个选项从拼写上较为接近,但意思完全不同。
detached作定语,表示“公正的、客观的”;distracted可作表语,表示“因……而不能集中注意力”;extracted表示“被取出、摘录”;impaired表示“被削弱、损害”。
例15 (复旦大学2006) A series of lectures have the students' interest in science and technology.A. arisen C. risenB. enforced D. aroused【解析】答案为D。
此句的意思是“一系列讲座激起了学生对科技的兴趣”。
四个选项意思完全不一样,arisen(arise 的过去分词)表示“呈现、发生”,是不及物动词,如A new difficulty has arisen; enforced(enforce的过去分词),表示“执行”,如The police are there to enforce the law; risen(rise的过去分词),表示“上升、起立”,如The river has risen by several meters; aroused(arouse的过去分词),表示“唤醒、激起”。
例16 (复旦大学2009)Though our results need replication, this suggests that our results may be applicable to women attempting to naturally.A. contriveB. conserveC. convertD. conceive【解析】答案为D。
此句的意思是“虽然我们的研究结果需要通过反复的实验来验证,但这本身表明该研究结果有可能应用于那些尝试自然受孕的妇女”。
conceive表示“怀孕”,符合题意。
contrive表示“发明、设计”,conserve表示“保存、保藏”,convert表示“转变、变换”,均不符合题意。
另外一种是辨析同一个词根加不同词缀构成的词,如下例所示:例17 (上海交通大学2008)After the meeting the teachers went back to their offices.A. respectableB. respectiveC. respectfulD. respected【解析】答案为B。