定语从句
定义
1. 定语从句：在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子充当），修饰某一名词或代词的从句；在句中起定语的作用。
两个首先必须明确的概念：先行词和关系词
Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行词) that/which (关系词) I have watched this
关系代词的用法
(1) that, which, who 的用法
(2) whose 的用法
关系代词whose 为关系代词who
先行词既可为人，也可为物。
如：The girl whose English is very good wrote the novel.
Whose=of which 指人的时候
Whose=of whom 指物的时候
例句
1: To those who have been injured, happiness can simply mean a day without pain. 2: The person whom/who my teacher is talking to is my father .
3: I like reading books which were written by O. Henry.
4: I enjoyed the movie which you recommend to me.
5: Their snowy mountaintops form a beautiful picture that surprises him a lot.
6: There are many things that everyone can do to help stop pollution.
7: Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is being repaired.
8: Sam got an e-mail from the woman whose house we visited last week.
由关系副词引导
when在从句中作时间状语、where 在从句中作地点状、why在从句中作原因状语。
1) This was a time when the two countries were at war.
2) Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
3) This is the reason why he came late to school.
◎如何判断关系代词和关系副词
This is the city I was born.
This is the city I visited last year.
◎关系副词与“介词+ which”结构关系：
why = for which
where = in/ at/ on which
when = during/ on/ in which
e.g.: O ctober 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
Experience is a school from which you will never graduate.
Each of us has a purpose for which we were created.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用，缺失也不会影响全句的理解，在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔。
Ann received an album from Justin, which surprised her a lot.
It is necessary to suggest the existence of an biological clock, which in some way measures
and controls the aging process.
◎限制性定语和非限制性定语从句的区别
1: 非限制性定语从句中先行词跟定语从句用逗号隔开，限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，一般不加逗号。
2：He has a brother who is a singer.
He has a brother, who is a singer.
3：Ann bought an album, which costed her 100Yuan.
Ann bought a lot of albums, which made her mother very furious.
Fathers spend less time in housework and childcare, which is regarded by some scientists as a major cause for the stress of employed mothers.
4：引导词的区别
5: 相关考点
I have a lot of friends, some of whom we have not seen each other for a log time.
There is a hole, through which I can see everything in that room.
◎由As 作为关系代词引导的定语从句
1）用于限制性定语从句：
It’s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.
There is such a warm house as we want to live in
Such...as the same ....as 像...一样的和...同样的
2) 引导非限制性定语从句
As we all know, Chinese government is terrible.
Chinese government is terrible, which we all know.
◎关系代词用that和which特殊情况
1. Have you written down everything I have said?
There seems to be nothing seems possible for him in the world.
All can be done has be done.
There is little I can do for you.
2.It is the house in which we live.
3. The first place they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film I have seen.
4: Ann passed the exam, which made their parents extremely happy.
5. This is the very dictionary I want to buy.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only he owned.
6. Who is the man is standing there?
Which is the shirt fits me most?
7:Can you remember the scientist and his theory we have learned?
8.There is a room in the building is still free.
9. She is no longer she used to be.
◎关系代词只能用who/whom的情况
1：This is Ann who is a big fan of Justin
2: The man to whom my teacher is talking is my father
◎关系代词只能用who/that的情况
当关系代词指人时,关系代词既可用who,也可以用that.但在以下情况用who.
1.当先行词是persons,people,those时.例如：
Those who are for my plan ,please put up your hands.
2.当先行词是he,one,all,any,they等时,例如：
He who has not reached the Great Wall isn't a true man.
3.在非限定性定语从句中用who.例如：
I want him,who knows some English and French.
在以下情况多用that.例如：
5.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that.例如：
She is not the woman that she used to be.
6.避免重复.例如：
Who was it the man that you danced with last night?
7.当先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词或only等词修饰时.例如：
I knew her father for the simplest,hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life. ◎练习
现在的生活充满着各种压力源，其中的大部分是不可能避免的。
那些持反对意见的人认为我们必须放慢发展速度。
不少人认为如今被人们广泛使用的电脑未来总有一天将会彻底取代电视机。
环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。
有的孩子从来不做家务，这使得他们越来越依赖他们的父母。
3、计算机是一个能使我们获得大量信息的重要工具。
4、持后一观点的人们确实认为没有广告不行。
5、今天孩子们接受的教育与父母辈接受的不同。
6、过多使用电脑的人总是过于依赖电脑。
选择题
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that
B. run; who
C. running; who
D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.
A. that the little girl asks him
B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him
D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, th at’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which
B. in which
C. of which
D. whose
6. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as
B. when
C. until
D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, T aiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which
B. that, which
C. which, that
D. when, that
13. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
14. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who
B. when
C. on which
D. which
15. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
16. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
A. when
B. that
C. who
D. where
17. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. and
18 S. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken
English.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. same
用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai, ______ live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, ____ is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. This is the very novel about ____we've talked so much.
15. This is the way ____ he did it.
16. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
17. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
18. What else was there in my brother ____ you didn't like?
19. He lives in the room ____ window faces to the south.
20. He lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the south.
21. This is Mr. John for ____ son I brought a book yesterday.
22. This is Mr. John for _____ I bought a book yesterday.
23. This is the hour _____ the place is always full of women and children.
24. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
25. Winter is the time of year ______ the days are short and nights are long.