2016考研英语二翻译模拟题及答案(1)_毙考题

2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C]or[D] on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D ( research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seemsplausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection II Reading ComprehensionText 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or creat artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transformtheir thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to __________.[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their______.[A]experience[B]academic backgrounds[C]career prospects[D]interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to______.[A]compete with a future any of programmers[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word “coax”(Line. 4, Para. 6)is closest in meaning to______.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closercollaborations with western stata governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chiekens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67, 000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.”The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is _[A] the insistence of private landowners[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] its drastically decreased population27. The “threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it _[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer regulatory powers[C] granted less federal regulatory powers[D] went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they _[A] agree to pay a sun for compensation.[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat.[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job.[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations.29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30. Jay Lininger would most likely support _[A] the plan under challenge[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] industry groupsText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complain is made especially moumfully:There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thomier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s fullof articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or “Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact “becoming more efficient”is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally. judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast depandson being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as to-do list item. and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow”into “soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books ,or on single-purpose e-readers,”carry a book with you at all time “can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read ”, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because[A]what they can offer does not case the modern mind[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The “empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Fberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]promote ritualistic reading[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set[C]develop online reading habits[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Set Reading Goals[C]How to Find Time to Read[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession.those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to polities.Young and old converge on one key point：Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job：starting a family.managing debt，and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily, he said, ”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments onmy own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.“Looking back he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees，“Schneider said.”I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is[A]having a family with children[B]trying out different lifestyles[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to[A] favor a slower life pace.[B] hold an occupation longer.[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance.[D] give priority to children outside the home.38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will[A] depend largely on political preferences[B] reach almost all aspects of American life[C] focus on materialistic issues[D] become increasingly clear39 both young and old agree that[A]good paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40 Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.[B]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[C]His parents’believe working steadily is a must for success.[D] He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don’t overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______C_______What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.42.______E_______A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at thetime ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._________A_____________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.________B___________The problem with being a grown up is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)—it doesn’t matter,so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45.________D___________Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section ШTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. Afterabout 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally –which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)think him,and2)give your advice.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)【解析】2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of English1. how2. In particular3. necessary4. optimism5. change6. measured7. sure8. headquartered9. explain10. factors11. desirable12. emerged13. Attribute14.experienced15. thus16. Equally17. while18. hints19. Shape20. lean towardsII Reading comprehensionText 121. B Remodel the way of thinking22. D Interest23. A Help students learn other computer languages24. C Become better prepared for the digitalized world25. B PersuadeText 226. Its dramatically decreased population27. Granted less federal regulatory powder28. Agree to pay sum for compensation29. The states30. Industry groupText 331. what deep reading required cannot be guaranteed32. Make passing time fulfilling33. Achieve immersive reading34. Reading become your primary business of the day35. Find time to readText 436. Having a family with a child37. Attach importance to pre-marital finance38. Reach almost all aspects of American life39. Getting established is harder for the young40. His parents’good life has little to do with a college degreePart B41. Express your emotions42. Be easily pleased43. Be silly44. Have fun45. Don’t over think itPart C【原文】The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppersinto a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally –which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。

CATTI英语笔译实务(2级)2016年11月考试真题英译中第一篇Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’slife together. Money that to be honest could be spent on much much cooler stuff.旧时的盛装庆典依然为今人所沿袭，而最为精致且最为昴费的仪式则莫过于婚礼。

婚礼上的开支大得令人咋舌，这是人尽皆知的事情。

但事实表明：如今的美国人则要花费比以往更多的钱来操办婚礼。

因为这一天，于一双新人夫妻而言，妙不可言。

不过，话又说回来了，这些钱本可以花在其它更酷的事情上。

The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously even 50 Cent doesn’t spend asmuch in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.本周，婚庆公司闹特发布了婚礼的年度调查，18，000对来自全国各地的夫妇参与了，调查的结果显示每对夫妇在婚礼庆祝上平均所花费的费用为32641美元，这个数字着实令人惊悚。

2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for bo th those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what t hey’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-yourfamily-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills [B] energy [C] earnings [D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher e ducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities [B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase alle giance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, wh ose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional [B] more objective [C] less energetic [D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents [B] gender difference [C] sports culture [D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women [B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies [D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it [B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C] Companies find it to be fundamental [D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time workis evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, whe n we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。

2016考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）分析（转自凯程教育）2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about thefuture. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send actSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhel mingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions.[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41_____ [D] Express your emotions(2) What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42______[F] Be easily pleasedA couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43_______[A] Be sillyHave you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greaterchance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44______ [B] Have funThe problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45______ [E] Don't overthink itHaving said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。

Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Su s tainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。

Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency。

It did n’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predi ctably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

2016考研英语二真题阅读翻译在每年考研英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。

下面就是店铺给大家整理的2016考研英语二真题阅读翻译，希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species' historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—widemanagement plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn't go far enough."The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction," says biologist Jay Lininger.考研英语阅读翻译生物学家估计美国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达200万只的小草原松鸡，这些红色的小草原松鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌增添了几分红艳。

2016年考研英语二真题及答案解析(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishHappy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not ha rd to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.第1题A.whyB.whereC.howD.when第2题A.In returnB.In particularC.In contrastD.In conclusion第3题A.sufficientB.famousD.necessary第4题A.individualismB.modernismC.optimismD.realism第5题A.echoB.missC.spoilD.change第6题A.imaginedB.measuredC.inventedD.assumed第7题A.SureB.OddC.UnfortunateD.Often第8题A.advertisedB.dividedC.overtaxedD.headquartered 第9题A.explainB.overstateC.summarizeD.emphasize第10题A.stagesB.factorsC.levelsD.methods第11题A.desirableB.sociableC.reputableD.reliable第12题A.resumedC.emergedD.broke第13题A.attributeB.assignC.transferpare第14题A.seriousB.civilizedC.ambitiousD.experienced 第15题A.thusB.insteadC.alsoD.never第16题A.rapidlyB.regularlyC.directlyD.equally第17题A.AfterB.UntilC.WhileD.Since第18题A.arrivesB.jumpsC.hintsD.strikes第19题A.shapeB.rediscoverC.simplifyD.share第20题A.pray forB.lean towardsC.give awayD.send out下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turn over, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem and organize the results —apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want —the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.第21题Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.plete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production第22题In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A.experienceB.academic backgroundsC.career prospectsD.interest第23题Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money第24题According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.pete with a future army of programmersB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldD.bring forth innovative computer technologies第25题The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.A.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguide上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an es timated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to t he same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.第26题The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____A.its drastically decreased populationB.the underestimate of the grassland acreageC.a desperate appeal from some biologistsD.the insistence of private landowners第27题The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____A.was a give-in to governmental pressureB.would involve fewer agencies in actionC.granted less federal regulatory powerD.went against conservation policies第28题It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____A.agree to pay a sum for compensationB.volunteer to set up an equally big habitatC.offer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobD.promise to raise funds for USFWS operations第29题According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______A.the federal governmentB.the wildlife agenciesC.the landownersD.the states第30题Jay Lininger would most likely support_______A.industry groupsB.the win-win rhetoricC.environmental groupsD.the plan under challenge上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully：There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmi ngly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us l ike empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes）as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.第31题The usual time-management techniques don’t work becauseA.what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB.what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC.what people often forget is carrying a book with themD.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed第32题The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure toA.update their to-do listsB.make passing time fulfillingC.carry their plans throughD.pursue carefree reading第33题Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helpsA.encourage the efficiency mind-setB.develop online reading habitsC.promote ritualistic readingD.achieve immersive reading第34题“Carry a book with you at all times” can work ifA.reading becomes your primary business of the dayB.all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC.you are able to drop back to business after readingD.time can be evenly split for reading and business第35题The best title for this text could beA.How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB.How to Find Time to ReadC.How to Set Reading GoalsD.How to Read Extensively上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completedcollege when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”第36题One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.A.trying out different lifestylesB.having a family with childrenC.working beyond retirement ageD.setting up a profitable business第37题It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____.A.favor a slower life paceB.hold an occupation longerC.attach importance to pre-marital financeD.give priority to childcare outside the home第38题The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____.A.become increasingly clearB.focus on materialistic issuesC.depend largely on political preferencesD.reach almost all aspects of American life第39题Both young and old agree that ____.A.good-paying jobs are less availableB.the old made more life achievementsC.housing loans today are easy to obtainD.getting established is harder for the young第40题Which of the following is true about Schneider？A.He found a dream job after graduating from college.B.His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.C.His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.D.He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don´t need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it´s time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______________What does a child do when he´s sad? He cries.When he´s angry?He shouts.Scared?Probablya bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don´t dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that´s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.42.____________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn´t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.______________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there´s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with---work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it´s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn´t matter,so long as they´re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you´re on a tight budget.45.___________________Having said all of the above, it´s important to add that we shouldn´t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don´t overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for help第41题_____第42题_____第43题_____第44题_____第45题_____上一题下一题(1/1)Section II Reading Comprehension Part C第46题Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you´ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you´ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.____________________上一题下一题(1/1)Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.(10 points)第47题Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. D o not write the address .(10 point)_______________上一题下一题(1/1)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following information. (20 points)第48题Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. you should1）interpret the chart and2）give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).某高校学生旅游目的调查_________________答案及解析(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishHappy people work differently. They’re more productiv e, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy pl aces spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated w ith the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or couldsomething else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.第1题A.whyB.whereC.howD.when参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：连词辨析[选项分析]根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2016考研英语二测试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to Learn that system. They arethereby shut 1 from the world of books and newspapers, having to2 on friends to read aloud to them.A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major 3 in providing aid to the 4 . His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that 5 any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like 6 through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons 7 Cyclops’s keyboard, a blind person can “read” any 8 document in the English language.This remarkable invention represents a tremendous 9 forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs ＄50,000. 10 , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller 11 improved version that will sell 12 less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil 13 the price range will be low enough for every school and library to 14 one. Michael Hingson, Director of the NationalFederation for the Blind,hopes that 15 will be able to buy home 16 of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.Mr. Hingson’s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been 17 in those tests, makinglots of 18 suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops.“This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies 19 a product was put on th e market,” Hingson said. “Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that 20 , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.”1. A) up B) down C) in D) off2. A) dwell B) rely C) press D) urge3. A) execution B) distinction C) breakthrough D) process4. A) paralyzed B) uneducated C) invisible D) sightless5. A) scans B) enlarges C) sketches D) projects6. A) behavior B) expression C) movement D) voice7. A) on B) at C) in D) from8. A) visual B) printed C) virtual D) spoken9. A) stride B) trail C) haul D) footprint10. A) Likewise B) Moreover C) However D) Though11. A) but B) than C) or D) then12. A) on B) for C) through D) to13. A) estimates B) considers C) counts D) determines14. A) settle B) own C) invest D) retain15. A) schools B) children C) families D) companies16. A) models B) modes C) cases D) collections17. A) producing B) researching C) ascertaining D) assisting18. A) true B) valuable C) authentic D) pleasant19. A) after B) when C) before D) as20. A) occasion B) moment C) sense D) eventSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ATEXT 1It was a little weird at first, Erin Tobin said, seeing Harry Potter right there on the stage without his pants, or indeed any of his clothes.Not actually Harry Potter, of course, since his is fictional, but the next best thing: Daniel Radcliffe, who plays him in the movies. Now 17, Mr. Radcliffe has cast off his wand, his broomstick and everything else to appear in the West End revival of Peter Shaffer's "Equus." He stars as Alan Strang, a disturbed young man who, in a distinctly un-Harry-Potterish moment of frenzied psychosexual madness, blinds six horses with a hoof pick.To make it clear what audiences are in for, at least in part, photographs of Mr. Radcliffe's buff torso, stripped almost to the groin, have been used to advertise the production. It is as jarring as if, say, Anne Hathaway suddenly announced that instead of playing sweet-natured princesses and fashion-world ingénues, she wanted to appear onstage as a nude, murderous prostitute.To explain how is surprising the change of Radcliffe to the audience, the author mentions Anne "Equus" opened last week, and the consensus so far is that Mr. Radcliffe has successfully extricated himself from his cinematic alter ego. Considering that playing Harry Potter is practically all he has done in his career, this is no small achievement."I think he's a really good actor, and I sort of forgot about Harry Potter," said Ophelia Oates, 14, who saw the play over the weekend." Anyway, you can't be Harry Potter forever."In The Daily Telegraph, Charles Spencer said that "Daniel Radcliffe brilliantly succeeds in throwing off the mantle of Harry Potter, announcing himself as a thrilling stage actor of unexpected depth and range."Mr. Radcliffe told The Daily Telegraph that "I thought it would be a bad idea to wait till the Potter films were all finished to do something else." There are still a few to go. The fifth, "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix," is scheduled for release on July 13, and Mr. Radcliffe has signed on for the final two installments as well. (Meanwhile, the seventh and last book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," will hit stores on July 21.)Harry and Alan could not be more dissimilar as characters, even if both "come from quite weird backgrounds," as 13-year-old Ella Pitt, another recent theatergoer, put it. (And no, she declared, she was not too young for all the nakedness, swearing and sexuality.) Both characters have unresolved issues relating to their parents: Harry, because his are dead, and Alan, because his have driven him insane.But when it comes to romance, for instance, the celluloid Harry has yet to kiss a girl: the big moment comes in the forthcoming film. Meanwhile, Alan in "Equus" not only engages in some serious equi-erotic nuzzling with an actor playing a horse, but is also onstage, fully nude, for 10 minutes, during which he nearly has sex with an equally naked young woman.21.The author's mentioning of Hathaway is a ________.A. simileB. comparisonC. hyperboleD. analogy222. T he word "extricated" (Line 2, Para. 4) implies ________.A. rescuedB. freedC. clearedD. extracted23. T he audience's response to the new image of "Harry Potter" is ________.A. negativeB. positiveC. indifferentD. none of the above24. T he two dissimilar characters, i.e. Harry and Alan are common in that ________.A. they are both weirdB. their parents are weirdC. they have unresolved issuesD. they have weird families25. T he best title for this passage is ________.A. "Harry Porter" Is DisappearingB. The Naked "Harry Porter"C. The Successful Change of "Harry Porter"D. "Harry Porter" in "Enquus"TEXT 2Uruguay has been a proud exception to the privatizing wave that swept through South America in the 1990s. Its state-owned firms are more efficient that many of their counterparts in Argentina and Brazil ever were. In 1992, Uruguayans voted in a referendum against privatizing telecoms. They rightly observe that some of Argentina's sales were smashed, creating inefficient private monopolies. And with unemployment at 15%, nobody is enthusiastic about the job cuts privatization would involve.That leaves President Jorge Batlle with a problem. Uruguay has been in recession for the past two years, mainly because of low prices for its agricultural exports, and because of Argentina's woes. But public debt is at 45% of GDP, and rising. Some economists argue that privatization would give a boost to the economy, by attracting foreign investment, and by lowering costs. CERES, a think-tank, having compared tariffs for public services in Uruguay and its neighbors, believes liberalization could save businesses and households the equivalent of 4% GDP annually, raise growth and produce a net 45,000 jobs.The polls that show continuing support for public ownership also show growing opposition to monopolies. So Mr. Batlle plans to keep the state firms, but let private ones either compete with them or bid to operate their services under contract.The opposition Broad Front and the trade unions are resisting. They have gathered enough signatures to demand a "public consultation" next month on a new law to allow private operators in the ports and railway—a referendum on whether to hold a referendum on the issue. Alberto Bension, the finance minister, admits the vote will be a crucial indicator of how far the government can push. But he notes that, since 1992, attempts to overturn laws by calling referendums have flopped.The liberalization of telecoms has already begun. Bell South, an American firm, is the first private cell-phone operator. There are plans to license others, and talk of allowing competition for fixed-line telephones.A new law allows private companies to import gas from Argentina to generate electricity in competition with the state utility. Another play would strip Another plan would strip Ancap, the state oil firm, of its monopoly of imports. It has already been allowed to seek a private partner to modernize its refinery.Harder tasks lie ahead. The state-owned banks are burdened with problem loans to farmers and home owners. And Mr. Batlle shows no appetite for cutting the bureaucracy.After a year in office, the president is popular. He has created a cross-party commission to investigate "disappearances" during Uruguay's military dictatorship of 1976-85. The unions are weakened by unemployment.3At CERES, Ernesto Talvi argues that Mr. Batlle should note his own strength, and push ahead more boldly. But that is not the Uruguayan way.26.Uruguay in the 1990s ________..A. moved in the privatizing wave C. sticked to its old economic modeB. adopted the same measure as that of Argentina D. developed very slowly27.What can we infer from the first four paragraphs?A.Uruguay has been always trying to join in the privatizing wave.B.Economists argue that privatization is an efficient way to boost Uruguay's GDP.C.Mr. Battle plans to privatize the country's economy completely.D.The opposition Broad Front is in favor of privatization.28.The fifth paragraph suggests that ________.A.Bell South is built up in 1982B.There has been no law to regulate the electricityC.Ancap may modernize its refinery with the help of a private partnerD.Liberalization makes the economy slack29.What does the author mean by "flopped" (last line, Para. 4)?A. succeededB. failedC. followedD. provoked30.Which one is TRUE according to the passage?A.Privatization is thriving in Uruguay.B.Now, referenda have less strength to change some laws.C.Uruguayan people are satisfied with the government's actions with regard to theeconomy. D. The President is managing to keep the state companies efficient.TEXT 3Even at the Vatican, not all sacred beliefs are absolute: Thou shalt not kill, but war can be just. Now, behind the quiet walls, a clash is shaping up involving two poles of near certainty: the church's long-held ban on condoms and its advocacy of human life.The issue is AIDS. Church officials recently confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI had requested a report on whether it might be acceptable for Catholics to use condoms in one narrow circumstance: to protect life inside a marriage when one partner is infected with H.I.V. or is sick with AIDS.Whatever the pope decides, church officials and other experts broadly agree that it is remarkable that so delicate an issue is being taken up. But they also agree that such an inquiry is logical, and particularly significant from this pope, who was Pope John Paul II's strict enforcer of church doctrine."In some ways, maybe he has got the greatest capacity to do it because there is no doubt about his orthodoxy," said the Rev. Jon Fuller, a Jesuit physician who runs an AIDS clinic at the Boston Medical Center.The issue has surfaced repeatedly as one of the most complicated and delicate facing the church. For years, some influential cardinals and theologians have argued for a change for couples affected by AIDS in the name of protecting life, while others have fiercely attacked the possibility as demoting the church's long advocacy of4abstinence and marital fidelity to fight the disease.The news broke just after Benedict celebrated his first anniversary as pope, a relatively quiet papal year. But he devoted his first encyclical to love, specifically between a man and a woman in marriage.Indeed, with regard to condoms, the only change apparently being considered is in the specific case of married couples. But any change would be unpopular with conservative Catholics, some of faith than he did when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the papal adviser."It's just hard to imagine that any pope —and this pope —would change the teaching," said Austin Ruse, president of the Culture of Life Foundation, a Catholic-oriented advocacy group in Washington that opposes abortion and contraception.It is too soon to know where the pope is heading. Far less contentious issues can take years to inch through the Vatican's nexus of belief and bureaucracy, prayer and politics, and Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragán, the pope's top aide on health care issues, and other officials declined requests for interviews.31.By the first sentence in the first paragraph, the author actually means ________.A.the war can be supported by the churchB.the Vatican is always telling a lieC.some doctrines of the church are not so unchangeableD.people may do as they like32.The request from Pope Benedict XVI is particularly significant because ________.A.this pope strictly executed the Catholic doctrineB.this pope is powerfulC.this pope has been against the use of condoms all the timeD.This pope has been assisted the advocacy of human life33.The word "demoting" (Line 3, Para. 5) ________.A. degradingB. opposingC. supportingD. changing34. This issue is so complicated because ________.A. the pope has no capacity to deal with itB. it involve two poles of near certaintyC. it may affect the pope's orthodoxyD. there are two parties on this issue in the church35. According to the passage, the pope probably will ________.A. change the doctrine about the use of condomsB. give up his new ideasC. still carrying out the church beliefsD. None of the aboveTEXT 4Healthy soda? That may strike some as an oxymoron. But for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, it's a marketing opportunity.In coming months, both companies will introduce new carbonated drinks that are fortified with vitamins and minerals: Diet Coke Plus and Tava, which is PepsiCo's new offering. They will be promoted as "sparkling beverages." The companies are not calling them soft drinks because people are turning away from traditional soda, which has been hurt in part by publicity about its link to obesity.5While the soda business remains a $68 billion industry in the United States, consumers are increasingly reaching for bottled water, sparkling juices and green tea drinks. In 2005, the amount of soda sold in this country dropped for the first in recent history. Even the diet soda business has slowed.Coca-Cola's chief executive, E. Neville Isdell, clearly frustrated that his industry has been singled out in the obesity debate, insisted at a recent conference that his diet products should be included in the health and wellness category because, with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines."Diet and light brands are actually health and wellness brands," Mr. Isdell said. He asserted that Diet Coke Plus was a way to broaden the category to attract new consumers.Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a food and beverage consulting firm, said it was "a joke" to market artificially sweetened soft drinks as healthy, even if they were fortified with vitamins and minerals. Research by his firm and others shows that consumers think of diet soft drinks as "the antithesis of healthy," he said. These consumers "Comment on putting something synthetic and not natural into their bodies when they consume diet colas," Mr. Pirko said. "And in the midst of a health and welfare boom, that ain't good."The idea of healthy soda is not entirely new. In 2004, Cadbury Schweppes caused a stir when it unveiled 7Up Plus, a low-calorie soda fortified with vitamins and minerals. Last year, Cadbury tried to extend the healthy halo over its regular 7Up brand by labeling it "100 percent natural." But the company changed the label to "100 percent natural flavor" after complaints from a nutrition group that a product containing high-fructose corn syrup should not be considered natural, and 7Up Plus has floundered.The new fortified soft drinks earned grudging approval from Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, A nutrition advocacy group and frequent critic of regular soft drinks, which it has labeled "liquid candy."A survey by Morgan Stanley found that only 10 percent of consumers interviewed in 2006 considered diet colas a healthy choice, compared with 14 percent in 2003. Furthermore, 30 percent of the consumers who were interviewed last year said that they were reluctant to drink beverages with artificial sweeteners, up from 21 percent in 2004.36.Coca-Cola and PepsiCo call their new drinks "sparkling beverages" instead of " soft drinks" because _______.A.the new name sounds more brilliant and attracts more peopleB.the old name reminds people that they may cause people adding weightC.the new drinks are fortified with vitamins and mineralsD.people are turning away from traditional soda37.The sentence "with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines" (Para. 4) means________.A.they can give a reasonable answer to waistlinesB.they are the logical reason of make people expand waistlinesC.they will not cause obesity since they have few or no caloriesD.it is logical that they may expand people's waistlines38.Tom Pirko's attitude on promoting the soft drinks as healthy is ________.A. jokingB. positiveC. negativeD. indifferent39. The word "floundered" (Line 6, Para.7) implies ________.A. stumbledB. struggledC. flusteredD. troubled640.The data in the last paragraph implies ________.A.the soft drinks will be singled out in the near futureB.the marketing opportunities for these companies are not successfulC.people are paying more and more attention to theirhealth D. people think the soft drink is not healthyPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about a park naturalist. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)[A]Becoming a naturalist[B]Seeing wonder in theordinary[C]A changing role[D]Disgusting and embarrassing moments[E]What does a park naturalist do?[F]What does it take to be a park naturalist?I have the best job in the Wisconsin State Park System. As a park naturalist at Peninsula State Park, I am busy writing reports, creating brochures about trees or flowers, and sometimes visiting schools．And, of course, I make sure Peninsula’s feathered friends are well fed.41. _____________As a park naturalist I am a writer, a teacher, a historian and, if not a social worker, at least a mentor to young people interested in the environment. I love the diversity of my job. Every day is different. Most tasks require creativity. Now that I am an experienced naturalist, I have the freedom to plan my own day and make decisions about the types of programs that we offer at Peninsula.42. _____________In my first naturalist job, I spent four out of five days leading school field trips and visiting classrooms. As a state park naturalist I still work with students, but more often lead programs like bird walks, nature crafts, outdoor skills, and trail hikes. I also find myself increasingly involved in management decisions. For example, sometimes the park naturalist is the person who knows where rare orchids grow or where ravens nest. When decisions are made about cutting trees, building trails, or creating more campsites. naturalists are asked to give the “ecological perspective.”43. _____________Perhaps the grossest thing I’ve done as a naturalist is to boil animal skulls. Visitors like seeing bones and skins—at least after they have been cleaned up! Once, our nature center needed more skulls. A trapper gave me muskrat, raccoon and fox skulls but I had to clean them. First, I boiled the skin and meat off. Boy, did that stink! Then I used dissecting tools and old toothbrushes to clean out the eyeballs. Finally, I soaked the skulls in a bleach solution. I’ve had some embarrassing experiences, too. On my first hike as Peninsula’s new naturalist, I was so excited that I identified a white pine tree as a red pine tree! That’s quite a mistake since the trees are so e asy to tell apart. White pine needles are in bundles of five and red pine needles are in bundles of two.44. _____________Not all state parks are as busy or as big as Peninsula. Not all park naturalists spend the seasons as I do. Nevertheless, park naturalists share certain common interests and responsibilities: A park naturalist might notice7that branches of a red maple growing in a field reach out to the side while those of a red maple in a thick forest reach up, and wonder why the trees look different. A naturalist makes things happen. It might be working with workers to clean up part of a river. Park naturalists share knowledge in different ways, but all of them communicate with people. A love of learning--from other people, from plants and animals, from books, and more—is an essential quality. Most naturalists don’t work in places of rare beauty. Many work in city parks or in places that show “wear and tear.” If you can wonder about an inchworm, a juniper bush, or a robin and cause others to wonder, too, then you are ready to become a park naturalist.45. _____________If you think you want to become a park naturalist, do the following:Explore your home landscape. Knowing how people have shaped the land where you live-and how the land has shaped them-will lend a comparison that will serve you well.Start a field sketch book ．Sketch what you see, where and when. The reason is not to practice art skills (though you may discover you have a talent) but, rather, to practice observation skills.Go to college. You will need a 4-year degree. There are several academic routes that lead to the naturalist’s road. I have found ornithology, plant taxonomy and human growth and development to be among my most helpful courses.Listen and learn. A college degree is like a ticket. It lets you board the plane but is only the beginning of the journey. Look and listen to those who have already traveled the road for ideas, knowledge and inspiration.Part C46. Direction：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living —not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace —always have come from "better recipes, not just more cooking." One might argue that's not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.Section III WritingPart A47. Directions:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:1)detailed information about the books you want,2)methods of payment,3)time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name, using "Li Ming"instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. In your essay, you should1)describe the table and,2)state your opinions drawn from it.You should write at least 150 words.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）The changes of peoples’ diet1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Grain 15% 14% 14% 13% 12% 11% Meat 11% 13% 14% 15% 15% 13%Fruit and vegetable 20% 22% 25% 27% 28% 30%milk 22% 20% 20% 23% 24% 25%全国统一服务热线：400-668-2155 9。

2016研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析(英语二) Section1Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Happy people work differently.They’re more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.__2__,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities’average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough,firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest–like size, industry,and sales–and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in,like growth in wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility.It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]In return[B]In particular[C]In contrast[D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results—apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.plete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their____.A.experienceB.academic backgroundsC.career prospectsD.interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to____.pete with a future army of programmersB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldD.bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word“coax”(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguideText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoringprairie chicken populations to an annual average of67,000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly,doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully：There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or “Carry a book with you at all times”But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn’t work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.Themodern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”.Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”.No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow”into“soul time”.You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re“making time to read,”but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time-management techniques don’t work because[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]encourage the efficiency mind-set[B]develop online reading habits[C]promote ritualistic reading[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Find Time to Read[C]How to Set Reading Goals[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,including getting married,having children,owning a home,and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher a good-paying job,starting a family,managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily,he said.”I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back,he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.[A]trying out different lifestyles[B]having a family with children[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to____.[A]favor a slower life pace[B]hold an occupation longer[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance[D]give priority to childcare outside the home38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will____.[A]become increasingly clear[B]focus on materialistic issues[C]depend largely on political preferences[D]reach almost all aspects of American life39.Both young and old agree that____.[A]good-paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[D]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______________What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again like children-move.42.____________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is amuch better way to improve wellbeing.43.______________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with---work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see,the more you'll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Marketing Institute,carries some44,00different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you,and ask advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10point)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points).2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解Section I Use of English1、[答案]C how[解析]根据空格所在句子可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词，做influence的宾语。

2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析及结构这是一篇议论文，选自 2016 年《哈佛商业评论》，全文共 358 词。

文章围绕快乐与公司投资之间的关系展开。

首先提出研究表明快乐不仅影响人们的行为方式，也有可能会影响公司的运营方式；接着介绍了研究者们是如何证 明这一观点的；最后指出，作者也认为快乐对公司投资有所影响。

二、语篇精读词汇详解：长难句分析：And new research suggests that happiness might influence how firm’s work, too.本句的主干是new research suggests that...，that 后引导宾语从句，其中 happiness 是宾语从句的主语，另外，这个宾语从句中还包含 how 引导的宾语从句。

词汇详解： 长难句分析：That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking necessary for making investments for the future. 本句的主干是 That’s because...，because 后引导表语从句，其中 necessary for...是后置定语，修饰 the kind of longer-term thinking 。

词汇详解：长难句分析：The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change the way companies invested.本句的句子主干是The researchers wanted to know...，if 后引导从句，作know 的宾语，其中the optimism and inclination 是宾语从句的主语，would change 是宾语从句的谓语；另外，这个宾语从句中还包含that 引导的定语从句，修饰宾语从句的主语，以及省略that 的定语从句companies invested，修饰先行词the way。

2016研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析(英语二)Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [ D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers —but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results —apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers —in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes —for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want —the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that —the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax”(Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoringprairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (W AFW A), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The “threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFW A monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully：There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV”or “Carry a book with you at all times”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. Themodern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient”is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow”into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,”but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.”I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____.[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that ____.[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C] His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.42.____________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is amuch better way to improve wellbeing.43.______________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with---work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________________Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ”instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for bo th those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what t hey’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-yourfamily-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills [B] energy [C] earnings [D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher e ducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities [B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase alle giance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, wh ose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional [B] more objective [C] less energetic [D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents [B] gender difference [C] sports culture [D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women [B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies [D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it [B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C] Companies find it to be fundamental [D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time workis evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, whe n we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。

2016考研英语二测试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to Learn that system. They arethereby shut 1 from the world of books and newspapers, having to2 on friends to read aloud to them.A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major 3 in providing aid to the 4 . His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that 5 any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like 6 through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons 7 Cyclops’s keyboard, a blind person can “read” any 8 document in the English language.This remarkable invention represents a tremendous 9 forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs ＄50,000. 10 , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller 11 improved version that will sell 12 less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil 13 the price range will be low enough for every school and library to 14 one. Michael Hingson, Director of the NationalFederation for the Blind,hopes that 15 will be able to buy home 16 of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.Mr. Hingson’s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been 17 in those tests, makinglots of 18 suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops.“This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies 19 a product was put on th e market,” Hingson said. “Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that 20 , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.”1. A) up B) down C) in D) off2. A) dwell B) rely C) press D) urge3. A) execution B) distinction C) breakthrough D) process4. A) paralyzed B) uneducated C) invisible D) sightless5. A) scans B) enlarges C) sketches D) projects6. A) behavior B) expression C) movement D) voice7. A) on B) at C) in D) from8. A) visual B) printed C) virtual D) spoken9. A) stride B) trail C) haul D) footprint10. A) Likewise B) Moreover C) However D) Though11. A) but B) than C) or D) then12. A) on B) for C) through D) to13. A) estimates B) considers C) counts D) determines14. A) settle B) own C) invest D) retain15. A) schools B) children C) families D) companies16. A) models B) modes C) cases D) collections17. A) producing B) researching C) ascertaining D) assisting18. A) true B) valuable C) authentic D) pleasant19. A) after B) when C) before D) as20. A) occasion B) moment C) sense D) eventSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ATEXT 1It was a little weird at first, Erin Tobin said, seeing Harry Potter right there on the stage without his pants, or indeed any of his clothes.Not actually Harry Potter, of course, since his is fictional, but the next best thing: Daniel Radcliffe, who plays him in the movies. Now 17, Mr. Radcliffe has cast off his wand, his broomstick and everything else to appear in the West End revival of Peter Shaffer's "Equus." He stars as Alan Strang, a disturbed young man who, in a distinctly un-Harry-Potterish moment of frenzied psychosexual madness, blinds six horses with a hoof pick.To make it clear what audiences are in for, at least in part, photographs of Mr. Radcliffe's buff torso, stripped almost to the groin, have been used to advertise the production. It is as jarring as if, say, Anne Hathaway suddenly announced that instead of playing sweet-natured princesses and fashion-world ingénues, she wanted to appear onstage as a nude, murderous prostitute.To explain how is surprising the change of Radcliffe to the audience, the author mentions Anne "Equus" opened last week, and the consensus so far is that Mr. Radcliffe has successfully extricated himself from his cinematic alter ego. Considering that playing Harry Potter is practically all he has done in his career, this is no small achievement."I think he's a really good actor, and I sort of forgot about Harry Potter," said Ophelia Oates, 14, who saw the play over the weekend." Anyway, you can't be Harry Potter forever."In The Daily Telegraph, Charles Spencer said that "Daniel Radcliffe brilliantly succeeds in throwing off the mantle of Harry Potter, announcing himself as a thrilling stage actor of unexpected depth and range."Mr. Radcliffe told The Daily Telegraph that "I thought it would be a bad idea to wait till the Potter films were all finished to do something else." There are still a few to go. The fifth, "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix," is scheduled for release on July 13, and Mr. Radcliffe has signed on for the final two installments as well. (Meanwhile, the seventh and last book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," will hit stores on July 21.)Harry and Alan could not be more dissimilar as characters, even if both "come from quite weird backgrounds," as 13-year-old Ella Pitt, another recent theatergoer, put it. (And no, she declared, she was not too young for all the nakedness, swearing and sexuality.) Both characters have unresolved issues relating to their parents: Harry, because his are dead, and Alan, because his have driven him insane.But when it comes to romance, for instance, the celluloid Harry has yet to kiss a girl: the big moment comes in the forthcoming film. Meanwhile, Alan in "Equus" not only engages in some serious equi-erotic nuzzling with an actor playing a horse, but is also onstage, fully nude, for 10 minutes, during which he nearly has sex with an equally naked young woman.21.The author's mentioning of Hathaway is a ________.A. simileB. comparisonC. hyperboleD. analogy222. T he word "extricated" (Line 2, Para. 4) implies ________.A. rescuedB. freedC. clearedD. extracted23. T he audience's response to the new image of "Harry Potter" is ________.A. negativeB. positiveC. indifferentD. none of the above24. T he two dissimilar characters, i.e. Harry and Alan are common in that ________.A. they are both weirdB. their parents are weirdC. they have unresolved issuesD. they have weird families25. T he best title for this passage is ________.A. "Harry Porter" Is DisappearingB. The Naked "Harry Porter"C. The Successful Change of "Harry Porter"D. "Harry Porter" in "Enquus"TEXT 2Uruguay has been a proud exception to the privatizing wave that swept through South America in the 1990s. Its state-owned firms are more efficient that many of their counterparts in Argentina and Brazil ever were. In 1992, Uruguayans voted in a referendum against privatizing telecoms. They rightly observe that some of Argentina's sales were smashed, creating inefficient private monopolies. And with unemployment at 15%, nobody is enthusiastic about the job cuts privatization would involve.That leaves President Jorge Batlle with a problem. Uruguay has been in recession for the past two years, mainly because of low prices for its agricultural exports, and because of Argentina's woes. But public debt is at 45% of GDP, and rising. Some economists argue that privatization would give a boost to the economy, by attracting foreign investment, and by lowering costs. CERES, a think-tank, having compared tariffs for public services in Uruguay and its neighbors, believes liberalization could save businesses and households the equivalent of 4% GDP annually, raise growth and produce a net 45,000 jobs.The polls that show continuing support for public ownership also show growing opposition to monopolies. So Mr. Batlle plans to keep the state firms, but let private ones either compete with them or bid to operate their services under contract.The opposition Broad Front and the trade unions are resisting. They have gathered enough signatures to demand a "public consultation" next month on a new law to allow private operators in the ports and railway—a referendum on whether to hold a referendum on the issue. Alberto Bension, the finance minister, admits the vote will be a crucial indicator of how far the government can push. But he notes that, since 1992, attempts to overturn laws by calling referendums have flopped.The liberalization of telecoms has already begun. Bell South, an American firm, is the first private cell-phone operator. There are plans to license others, and talk of allowing competition for fixed-line telephones.A new law allows private companies to import gas from Argentina to generate electricity in competition with the state utility. Another play would strip Another plan would strip Ancap, the state oil firm, of its monopoly of imports. It has already been allowed to seek a private partner to modernize its refinery.Harder tasks lie ahead. The state-owned banks are burdened with problem loans to farmers and home owners. And Mr. Batlle shows no appetite for cutting the bureaucracy.After a year in office, the president is popular. He has created a cross-party commission to investigate "disappearances" during Uruguay's military dictatorship of 1976-85. The unions are weakened by unemployment.3At CERES, Ernesto Talvi argues that Mr. Batlle should note his own strength, and push ahead more boldly. But that is not the Uruguayan way.26.Uruguay in the 1990s ________..A. moved in the privatizing wave C. sticked to its old economic modeB. adopted the same measure as that of Argentina D. developed very slowly27.What can we infer from the first four paragraphs?A.Uruguay has been always trying to join in the privatizing wave.B.Economists argue that privatization is an efficient way to boost Uruguay's GDP.C.Mr. Battle plans to privatize the country's economy completely.D.The opposition Broad Front is in favor of privatization.28.The fifth paragraph suggests that ________.A.Bell South is built up in 1982B.There has been no law to regulate the electricityC.Ancap may modernize its refinery with the help of a private partnerD.Liberalization makes the economy slack29.What does the author mean by "flopped" (last line, Para. 4)?A. succeededB. failedC. followedD. provoked30.Which one is TRUE according to the passage?A.Privatization is thriving in Uruguay.B.Now, referenda have less strength to change some laws.C.Uruguayan people are satisfied with the government's actions with regard to theeconomy. D. The President is managing to keep the state companies efficient.TEXT 3Even at the Vatican, not all sacred beliefs are absolute: Thou shalt not kill, but war can be just. Now, behind the quiet walls, a clash is shaping up involving two poles of near certainty: the church's long-held ban on condoms and its advocacy of human life.The issue is AIDS. Church officials recently confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI had requested a report on whether it might be acceptable for Catholics to use condoms in one narrow circumstance: to protect life inside a marriage when one partner is infected with H.I.V. or is sick with AIDS.Whatever the pope decides, church officials and other experts broadly agree that it is remarkable that so delicate an issue is being taken up. But they also agree that such an inquiry is logical, and particularly significant from this pope, who was Pope John Paul II's strict enforcer of church doctrine."In some ways, maybe he has got the greatest capacity to do it because there is no doubt about his orthodoxy," said the Rev. Jon Fuller, a Jesuit physician who runs an AIDS clinic at the Boston Medical Center.The issue has surfaced repeatedly as one of the most complicated and delicate facing the church. For years, some influential cardinals and theologians have argued for a change for couples affected by AIDS in the name of protecting life, while others have fiercely attacked the possibility as demoting the church's long advocacy of4abstinence and marital fidelity to fight the disease.The news broke just after Benedict celebrated his first anniversary as pope, a relatively quiet papal year. But he devoted his first encyclical to love, specifically between a man and a woman in marriage.Indeed, with regard to condoms, the only change apparently being considered is in the specific case of married couples. But any change would be unpopular with conservative Catholics, some of faith than he did when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the papal adviser."It's just hard to imagine that any pope —and this pope —would change the teaching," said Austin Ruse, president of the Culture of Life Foundation, a Catholic-oriented advocacy group in Washington that opposes abortion and contraception.It is too soon to know where the pope is heading. Far less contentious issues can take years to inch through the Vatican's nexus of belief and bureaucracy, prayer and politics, and Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragán, the pope's top aide on health care issues, and other officials declined requests for interviews.31.By the first sentence in the first paragraph, the author actually means ________.A.the war can be supported by the churchB.the Vatican is always telling a lieC.some doctrines of the church are not so unchangeableD.people may do as they like32.The request from Pope Benedict XVI is particularly significant because ________.A.this pope strictly executed the Catholic doctrineB.this pope is powerfulC.this pope has been against the use of condoms all the timeD.This pope has been assisted the advocacy of human life33.The word "demoting" (Line 3, Para. 5) ________.A. degradingB. opposingC. supportingD. changing34. This issue is so complicated because ________.A. the pope has no capacity to deal with itB. it involve two poles of near certaintyC. it may affect the pope's orthodoxyD. there are two parties on this issue in the church35. According to the passage, the pope probably will ________.A. change the doctrine about the use of condomsB. give up his new ideasC. still carrying out the church beliefsD. None of the aboveTEXT 4Healthy soda? That may strike some as an oxymoron. But for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, it's a marketing opportunity.In coming months, both companies will introduce new carbonated drinks that are fortified with vitamins and minerals: Diet Coke Plus and Tava, which is PepsiCo's new offering. They will be promoted as "sparkling beverages." The companies are not calling them soft drinks because people are turning away from traditional soda, which has been hurt in part by publicity about its link to obesity.5While the soda business remains a $68 billion industry in the United States, consumers are increasingly reaching for bottled water, sparkling juices and green tea drinks. In 2005, the amount of soda sold in this country dropped for the first in recent history. Even the diet soda business has slowed.Coca-Cola's chief executive, E. Neville Isdell, clearly frustrated that his industry has been singled out in the obesity debate, insisted at a recent conference that his diet products should be included in the health and wellness category because, with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines."Diet and light brands are actually health and wellness brands," Mr. Isdell said. He asserted that Diet Coke Plus was a way to broaden the category to attract new consumers.Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a food and beverage consulting firm, said it was "a joke" to market artificially sweetened soft drinks as healthy, even if they were fortified with vitamins and minerals. Research by his firm and others shows that consumers think of diet soft drinks as "the antithesis of healthy," he said. These consumers "Comment on putting something synthetic and not natural into their bodies when they consume diet colas," Mr. Pirko said. "And in the midst of a health and welfare boom, that ain't good."The idea of healthy soda is not entirely new. In 2004, Cadbury Schweppes caused a stir when it unveiled 7Up Plus, a low-calorie soda fortified with vitamins and minerals. Last year, Cadbury tried to extend the healthy halo over its regular 7Up brand by labeling it "100 percent natural." But the company changed the label to "100 percent natural flavor" after complaints from a nutrition group that a product containing high-fructose corn syrup should not be considered natural, and 7Up Plus has floundered.The new fortified soft drinks earned grudging approval from Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, A nutrition advocacy group and frequent critic of regular soft drinks, which it has labeled "liquid candy."A survey by Morgan Stanley found that only 10 percent of consumers interviewed in 2006 considered diet colas a healthy choice, compared with 14 percent in 2003. Furthermore, 30 percent of the consumers who were interviewed last year said that they were reluctant to drink beverages with artificial sweeteners, up from 21 percent in 2004.36.Coca-Cola and PepsiCo call their new drinks "sparkling beverages" instead of " soft drinks" because _______.A.the new name sounds more brilliant and attracts more peopleB.the old name reminds people that they may cause people adding weightC.the new drinks are fortified with vitamins and mineralsD.people are turning away from traditional soda37.The sentence "with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines" (Para. 4) means________.A.they can give a reasonable answer to waistlinesB.they are the logical reason of make people expand waistlinesC.they will not cause obesity since they have few or no caloriesD.it is logical that they may expand people's waistlines38.Tom Pirko's attitude on promoting the soft drinks as healthy is ________.A. jokingB. positiveC. negativeD. indifferent39. The word "floundered" (Line 6, Para.7) implies ________.A. stumbledB. struggledC. flusteredD. troubled640.The data in the last paragraph implies ________.A.the soft drinks will be singled out in the near futureB.the marketing opportunities for these companies are not successfulC.people are paying more and more attention to theirhealth D. people think the soft drink is not healthyPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about a park naturalist. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)[A]Becoming a naturalist[B]Seeing wonder in theordinary[C]A changing role[D]Disgusting and embarrassing moments[E]What does a park naturalist do?[F]What does it take to be a park naturalist?I have the best job in the Wisconsin State Park System. As a park naturalist at Peninsula State Park, I am busy writing reports, creating brochures about trees or flowers, and sometimes visiting schools．And, of course, I make sure Peninsula’s feathered friends are well fed.41. _____________As a park naturalist I am a writer, a teacher, a historian and, if not a social worker, at least a mentor to young people interested in the environment. I love the diversity of my job. Every day is different. Most tasks require creativity. Now that I am an experienced naturalist, I have the freedom to plan my own day and make decisions about the types of programs that we offer at Peninsula.42. _____________In my first naturalist job, I spent four out of five days leading school field trips and visiting classrooms. As a state park naturalist I still work with students, but more often lead programs like bird walks, nature crafts, outdoor skills, and trail hikes. I also find myself increasingly involved in management decisions. For example, sometimes the park naturalist is the person who knows where rare orchids grow or where ravens nest. When decisions are made about cutting trees, building trails, or creating more campsites. naturalists are asked to give the “ecological perspective.”43. _____________Perhaps the grossest thing I’ve done as a naturalist is to boil animal skulls. Visitors like seeing bones and skins—at least after they have been cleaned up! Once, our nature center needed more skulls. A trapper gave me muskrat, raccoon and fox skulls but I had to clean them. First, I boiled the skin and meat off. Boy, did that stink! Then I used dissecting tools and old toothbrushes to clean out the eyeballs. Finally, I soaked the skulls in a bleach solution. I’ve had some embarrassing experiences, too. On my first hike as Peninsula’s new naturalist, I was so excited that I identified a white pine tree as a red pine tree! T hat’s quite a mistake since the trees are so easy to tell apart. White pine needles are in bundles of five and red pine needles are in bundles of two.44. _____________Not all state parks are as busy or as big as Peninsula. Not all park naturalists spend the seasons as I do. Nevertheless, park naturalists share certain common interests and responsibilities: A park naturalist might notice7that branches of a red maple growing in a field reach out to the side while those of a red maple in a thick forest reach up, and wonder why the trees look different. A naturalist makes things happen. It might be working with workers to clean up part of a river. Park naturalists share knowledge in different ways, but all of them communicate with people. A love of learning--from other people, from plants and animals, from books, and more—is an essential quality. Most naturalists don’t work in places of rare beauty. Many work in city parks or in places that show “wear and tear.” If you can wonder about an in chworm, a juniper bush, or a robin and cause others to wonder, too, then you are ready to become a park naturalist.45. _____________If you think you want to become a park naturalist, do the following:Explore your home landscape. Knowing how people have shaped the land where you live-and how the land has shaped them-will lend a comparison that will serve you well.Start a field sketch book ．Sketch what you see, where and when. The reason is not to practice art skills (though you may discover you have a talent) but, rather, to practice observation skills.Go to college. You will need a 4-year degree. There are several academic routes that lead to the naturalist’s road. I have found ornithology, plant taxonomy and human growth and development to be among my most helpful courses.Listen and learn. A college degree is like a ticket. It lets you board the plane but is only the beginning of the journey. Look and listen to those who have already traveled the road for ideas, knowledge and inspiration.Part C46. Direction：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living —not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace —always have come from "better recipes, not just more cooking." One might argue that's not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.Section III WritingPart A47. Directions:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:1)detailed information about the books you want,2)methods of payment,3)time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name, using "Li Ming"instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. In your essay, you should1)describe the table and,2)state your opinions drawn from it.You should write at least 150 words.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）The changes of peoples’ diet1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Grain 15% 14% 14% 13% 12% 11% Meat 11% 13% 14% 15% 15% 13%Fruit and vegetable 20% 22% 25% 27% 28% 30%milk 22% 20% 20% 23% 24% 25%全国统一服务热线：400-668-2155 9。

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. __7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more lik ely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was __15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. __17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer s doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer -term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the fut ure. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize 第 1 页 共 18 页2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of English 第2 页 共18 页10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out 1. [标准答案] [C]how [考点分析] 连词辨析连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2016考研英语二翻译模拟题及答案（2）考研冲刺复习阶段，大家还是要多做题多练习，进行自我测试和查漏补缺，下面是小编唐静老师给英语二同学出的翻译模拟题，配有译文，大家检验检验自己什么水平。

2016考研英语二翻译模拟题及答案（2）这一篇是2011年真题剩下部分的改篇，所以我取了一个名字，叫英语二翻译同源模拟。

来源相同嘛。

注意，这个改编之后的试题请大家转发可以，做题可以，如果有同行看到了，不要使用来作为出版物哦，毕竟也是我辛辛苦苦改编的嘛，对吧，谢谢，谢谢。

考英语二的同学可以用来模考，注意：计时，不超过25分钟，最好控制在25分钟以内。

做完可以跟评论在微博，或者微信，微信可以评论。

或者直接回复我微信平台消息。

如果有空，我看到之后会简单地帮你给个分。

或者简单的一句话提醒你的翻译问题。

我不能承诺我可以帮你批改。

真的没有时间，这段时间我课比较多。

欢迎各位大爷各位公举打赏。

一周之内给这篇文章的答案。

以后每周模考一次英语二，慢慢再给点英语一模考试题。

英语二翻译同源模拟题2(完美模拟2011年真题)Google and other big tech providers are taking some measures to control CO2emissions. Google claims to be more efficient than most. Recently, industry andgovernment agencies from the US,Europe and Japan reached an agreement,orchestrated by an American company, on how to improve the energy efficiency ofdata centers.Simple things - such as turning devices off when they are not in use - canhelp to reduce the impact of our love affair with all things digital. Researchfrom the National Energy Foundation in the UK found that nearly 20 per cent ofworkers don t turn their PCs off at the end of the day, wasting 1.5 billionkilowatt-hours of electricity per year, which equates to the annual CO2 producedby 200,000 small family cars. Technology could have a huge role to play inreducing energy consumption – just think of the number of car and bus journeyssaved by something as simple as online banking.Google and other big tech providers aretaking some measures to control CO2emissions.谷歌和其他大型的技术供应商正在采取措施控制二氧化碳排放。

2016年考研英语二翻译真题解析和译文2016年研究生考试已经结束，大家可以核对真题及答案，进行估分了。

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更多考研信息请关注我们网站的更新!2016年考研英语二翻译真题解析和译文试题来源：《国家地理》National Geographic原文标题：Surviving the Sneaky Psychology of Supermarkets 文章主题：超市购物的心理学发表时间：2015年6月15日文章字数：146字，算历年字数较少的一年原文和逐句对照译文The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.逐句对照译文：The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spendingas much time as possible within its doors.超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。

2016考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）分析（转自凯程教育）2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about thefuture. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send actSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhel mingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions.[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41_____ [D] Express your emotions(2) What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42______[F] Be easily pleasedA couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43_______[A] Be sillyHave you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greaterchance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44______ [B] Have funThe problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45______ [E] Don't overthink itHaving said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。

2016考研英语（二）翻译真题及答案46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.超市设计的目的就是为了使消费者花尽可能多的时间在店内逛。