管理英语 高等教育出版社 参考答案

管理英语2参考答案管理英语2参考答案在学习管理英语2这门课程时，很多同学都会遇到一些难题，特别是在完成作业和准备考试时。

因此，提供一份参考答案对于学生们来说是非常有帮助的。

本文将为大家提供一些管理英语2的参考答案，希望能够帮助大家更好地学习和掌握这门课程。

第一部分：课程概述1. 什么是管理英语？管理英语是一门以英语为工具，以管理学知识为内容的专业英语课程。

通过学习管理英语，可以提高学生的英语水平，同时也能够了解和掌握管理学的基本概念和理论。

2. 为什么学习管理英语？学习管理英语可以帮助学生更好地应对国际化的商务环境，提高跨文化沟通的能力。

此外，管理英语也是进一步学习和研究管理学的基础。

第二部分：课程内容1. 组织行为学组织行为学是管理学中的重要分支，它研究个体、团队和组织在工作环境中的行为和互动。

在学习组织行为学时，我们需要了解不同的个体特征和行为模式，以及如何管理和激励团队。

2. 跨文化管理跨文化管理是在全球化背景下越来越重要的管理领域。

它研究不同文化背景下的管理差异和挑战，以及如何有效地跨越文化差异进行管理。

学习跨文化管理，可以帮助我们更好地适应和应对不同文化的商务环境。

3. 营销管理营销管理是管理学中的一个重要领域，它研究如何通过市场营销策略和手段来实现组织的销售目标。

学习营销管理，可以帮助我们了解市场需求和消费者行为，以及如何制定和执行有效的营销计划。

第三部分：作业参考答案1. 组织行为学作业参考答案在组织行为学的学习中，可能会遇到一些案例分析和论文写作的作业。

以下是一个案例分析的参考答案：案例：某公司的团队合作问题问题：某公司的团队合作出现了问题，导致工作效率下降。

请分析该问题的原因，并提出解决方案。

参考答案：该公司团队合作问题的原因可能有多种，例如缺乏有效的沟通、角色冲突、目标不清晰等。

解决该问题的方案可以包括加强团队沟通、明确角色分工、制定明确的目标和激励机制等。

2. 跨文化管理作业参考答案在跨文化管理的学习中，可能会有一些文献综述和研究报告的作业。

管理英语2参考答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. A. 根据题目分析，选项A是正确答案。

2. C. 根据上下文的语境，选项C是最佳选择。

3. B. 此题考查词汇的辨析，选项B与题意相符。

4. D. 根据语法规则，选项D为正确答案。

5. A. 根据句意，选项A是正确选项。

6. C. 此题考查固定搭配，选项C符合句意。

7. B. 根据时态的用法，选项B是正确答案。

8. D. 此题考查非谓语动词，选项D为正确选项。

9. A. 根据句意，选项A是正确答案。

10. C. 此题考查连词的用法，选项C符合句意。

二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. management 根据题干中的“管理”一词，填入名词形式。

12. strategic 根据题干中的“战略性”一词，填入形容词形式。

13. efficiency 根据题干中的“效率”一词，填入名词形式。

14. objectives 根据题干中的“目标”一词，填入复数形式。

15. communication 根据题干中的“沟通”一词，填入名词形式。

16. innovation 根据题干中的“创新”一词，填入名词形式。

17. competitive 根据题干中的“竞争力”一词，填入形容词形式。

18. resources 根据题干中的“资源”一词，填入复数形式。

19. collaboration 根据题干中的“合作”一词，填入名词形式。

20. performance 根据题干中的“表现”一词，填入名词形式。

三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）21. B. 根据文章第一段的描述，选项B是正确答案。

22. D. 文章第二段提到了相关概念，选项D与文章内容相符。

23. C. 第三段中提到了相关策略，选项C是正确答案。

24. A. 第四段中提到了管理的基本原则，选项A与文章内容一致。

25. B. 第五段中提到了管理的实践，选项B是正确答案。

26. D. 根据文章最后一段的总结，选项D是正确答案。

大学生管理学英语教材答案IntroductionThe study of management is essential for college students as it equips them with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the business world. This article aims to provide a comprehensive answer key for the management textbook used by college students studying management in English.Chapter 1: Introduction to Management1. Define management and explain its importance in organizations.Management refers to the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals. It is crucial in organizations as it helps coordinate and utilize resources efficiently to maximize productivity and achieve success.2. Discuss the four functions of management.The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and deciding on the necessary actions to achieve them. Organizing focuses on creating a structure and assigning tasks to individuals or teams. Leading involves motivating and guiding employees towards achieving organizational objectives. Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective actions if necessary.Chapter 2: The Evolution of Management1. Explain the contributions of classical management theorists.Classical management theorists, such as Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol, made significant contributions to management theory. Taylor introduced scientific management, emphasizing the importance of maximizing efficiency through time and motion studies. Fayol developed the concept of the five functions of management, which include planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.2. Discuss the principles of the human relations approach.The human relations approach focuses on the importance of understanding and addressing the social and psychological needs of employees for improved productivity. Key principles include effective communication, employee motivation, and the significance of teamwork and employee involvement.Chapter 3: Planning and Decision Making1. Define planning and explain its importance in the management process.Planning involves setting goals and determining the best course of action to achieve them. It is crucial in the management process as it provides a roadmap for organizational success. Effective planning ensures efficient resource allocation, minimizes risk, and guides decision making.2. Describe the steps involved in the decision-making process.The decision-making process consists of several steps: identifying the problem or opportunity, gathering relevant information, generating and evaluating alternatives, choosing the best alternative, implementing thedecision, and evaluating its effectiveness. This systematic approach helps managers make informed and effective decisions.Chapter 4: Organizing1. Define organizing and discuss its significance in management.Organizing refers to the process of arranging resources and tasks to achieve organizational goals. It involves creating structures, assigning responsibilities, and establishing relationships. Effective organizing ensures efficient resource allocation, enhances coordination, and facilitates communication within the organization.2. Explain the different types of organizational structures.There are several types of organizational structures, including functional, divisional, matrix, and virtual structures. Functional structures group employees by their functional areas, divisional structures group employees based on products, regions, or customers, matrix structures combine both functional and divisional structures, and virtual structures involve geographically dispersed individuals working together through technological means.Chapter 5: Leadership1. Define leadership and discuss the difference between leadership and management.Leadership involves influencing and guiding others to achieve common goals. While management focuses on the coordination and organization ofresources, leadership involves inspiring and motivating individuals to reach their full potential.2. Identify and explain different leadership styles.Various leadership styles include autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, transformational, and transactional leadership. Autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting others, democratic leaders involve employees in the decision-making process, laissez-faire leaders provide minimal guidance, transformational leaders inspire and motivate employees, and transactional leaders focus on rewards and punishments to motivate individuals.ConclusionThis comprehensive answer key provides college students studying management in English with a valuable resource to reinforce their understanding of key concepts. By mastering the topics covered in this article, students will be well-prepared to excel in their management studies and future careers.。

英语参考答案一、选择题1、-I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months.—________A_______We’ve been working hard, but still getting behind。

A。

You’re right. B。

I’m afraid. C。

I don’t think so。

2. –How can you explain the latest situation?-____A____,I know it is all my fault.A. Sorry B。

Excuse me C. I’m afraid3. –Do you mind if I use vouchers to spend in a restaurant?-______B_____A. Yes, please。

B. Not at all。

Go ahead.C. No, thank you。

4. –I’m going to Beijing for a few days.—______C____ I wish I could go with you。

A。

It doesn’t matter. B。

Forget it. C. I really envy you.5. –The Auto Show in the City Stadium has been canceled。

—Oh，no!____A______A. What a pity！B. It doesn’t matter C。

It’s not interesting at all！6-Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight?—________B_______.A。

I’ll do that. B. I think so。

管理英语（含答案）题目：Even the best continually seek ways to ______ their skills.A: sharp B: sharpener C: sharpen答案：C题目：______we can't compete in terms of size I do believe we hold an advantage in terms of dedication to customer service.A: Therefore B: But C: Although答案：C题目：I think things have been a bit difficult for us the last couple of months.____________We've been working hard, but still getting behind.A: You're right. B: I'm afraid. C: I don't think so.答案：A题目：_____________ I'd like to have this film developed.A: What's it? B: May I help you? C: What do you want?答案：B题目：An effective leader sets the tone for the team, encourages a positive workplace culture and is able to ________ cultural change.A: bring down B: bring about C: bring up答案：B题目：There is no _____ the fact that he is the best student in the class.A: deny B: denies C: denying答案：C题目：An effective leader sets the tone for the team, encourages a positive workplace culture and is able to ________ cultural change.A: bring about B: bring down C: bring up答案：A题目：The majority of these team challenges ______ anywhere.A: can deliver B: are delivered C: can be delivered答案：C题目：Companies are ______ interested in your soft skills ______ they are in your hard skills. A: so…that…B: as…as…C: not…until…答案：B题目：The demands and requirements placed on the CEO of Sony are different from ______ on the manager of your local Wendy's restaurant.A: these B: those C: which答案：B题目：An appreciated gift and the gesture of providing it will ______ your coworker's day. A: look up B: lift to C: light up答案：C题目：Reading is the best way to pass time on the train. _____________________, I never go traveling without a book.A: You are joking B: That's true C: It sounds like fun答案：B题目：We would be grateful ______ any information you can give us.A: for B: with C: to答案：A题目：Without his assistance, I _______ the research last month.A: would not have completed B: could not finish C: should not finish答案：A题目：Jack, I'd like to have your opinions about my written report. _____________________. But I have one suggestion.A: It looks fine to me B: You are too modest C: That's a good idea答案：A题目：If demand is rising but the firm _______from allocative communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing.A: has been suffering B: is going to suffer C: is suffering答案：C题目：Good work ________ good pay.A: deserves B: requests C: deserts答案：A题目：An employee may express their different understanding and, at the same time, a willingness to ________ with any constructive suggestions.A: comply B: complete C: compose答案：A题目：You'd better not push yourself too hard. You can ask the team and listen.____________A: You are right. B: No, we can't do that. C: I think it will kill our time.答案：A题目：_____ there is smoke, there is fire.A: If B: When C: Where答案：C题目：Would you ______ her novels as serious literature or mere entertainment?A: distinguish B: classify C: mistake答案：B题目：To build the reservoir（水库），thousands of people have to be .A: relocated B: repeated C: reopened答案：A题目：Concentrate on being _______ and real.A: distinct B: disastrous C: decisive答案：A题目：Terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your dictionary? Yes, ____________A: of course. B: it doesn't matter. C: no hurry.答案：A题目：I think the primary ______ factor is there's been so much absence lately.A: concerning B: causing C: affecting答案：A题目：This project is too big for me to finish on time. ____________A: Please do me a favor. B: You may ask for help. C: I'll give you a hand.答案：C题目：I think I have made a great mistake. ____________A: I don't think so. You really made an error. B: I don't think so. It's really terrible. C: I don't think so. It's not your fault.答案：C题目：Fifty-five per cent of the respondents said that praise and attention from their supervisor would make them feel ______ the company cared about them and their well-being. A: even if B: as if C: like答案：B题目：What you need to do is to keep things short and sweet, just the.A: questions B: topics C: highlights答案：C题目：The responsibilities in handbook ______ that managers have to be concerned with efficiency and effectiveness in the work process.A: imply B: indicate C: interrupt答案：A题目：I will ask them to _____a new design ,something a bit more toned down.A: come in B: come across C: come up with答案：C题目：______ on the hilltop, you could enjoy the scenery of the city bathed in the sun.A: Standing B: Stand C: Stood答案：A题目：Excuse me, but smoking isn't allowed here. ____________________ .A: Oh, sorry. I didn't know B: That's all right C: Yes, we certainly do答案：A题目：Is it possible for you to work out the plan tonight?____________A: I'll do that. B: I think so. C: I'd love to.答案：B题目：What are you going to do this weekend? _____________________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.A: Don't mention it B: It doesn't matter C: It depends答案：C题目：We are interested in the weather because it ______ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A: benefits B: affects C: effects答案：B题目：______ the reactions of top managers, middle managers remained silent or provided optimistic, filtered information.A: Fearing B: Feared C: Fear答案：A题目：______ managers spend most of their time in face-to-face contact with others, but they spend much of it obtaining and sharing information.A: Not only B: Do not only C: Not only do答案：C题目：In competitive markets, leaders are ________ increased pressure to maintain a positive work culture.A: under B: below C: beneath答案：A题目：Will you help me arrange a meeting with Mr. Brown, please?____________A: No, no way. B: No, I can't. C: Sorry I can't I have to finish my project right now.答案：C题目：Who was ______ the meeting？A: chairing B: leading C: charging答案：A题目：Cultural differences ________ four categories: religion, nationality, region and lifestyle. A: fall down B: fall off C: fall into答案：C题目：I think a big part of it is ______ we know how to have fun on the job.A: that B: which C: why答案：A题目：Keep a _____ attitude and don't let yourself drown in uncertainty.A: negative B: positive C: neutral答案：B题目：Supervisors should ______ their employees in two-way communication so that understanding takes place.A: enable B: engage C: encourage答案：B题目：At a rough ________, we will take another four weeks to finish this plan.A: value B: estimate C: account答案：B题目：Let your values __________ in your communication.A: come out B: look through C: come through答案：C题目：Current opinion among politicians is that she is______, stands for her principles.A: encourage B: courage C: courageous答案：C题目：The Human Resource Managing Department at Honda is given specific instructions ______ employ the best possible workers.A: how to B: on what to C: on how to答案：C题目：What's the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs. _____________________ . It must be the window-cleaner working, next door.A: I don't think so B: I'd rather not C: I'm not sure答案：A题目：It's about my new role as project coordinator that I'm taking ______.A: off B: on C: away答案：B题目：It is through enthusiasm and quiet intensity ______ we transform creativity and vision into the technologies.A: that B: / C: which答案：A题目：Don't keep water running when you wash hands._____________________.A: I hope so. B: I'm afraid not. C: Sorry, I won't.答案：C题目：Although we can't compete in terms of size, I _____ believe we hold an advantage in terms of dedication to customer service.A: did B: do C: have答案：B题目：How did your meeting go yesterday?____________actually, it was really frustrating. A: Not so good B: Very good C: Nothing special答案：A题目：We need ________ communication skills: listen carefully, think before you speak and manage conflicts diplomatically.A: outstanding B: plain C: general答案：A题目：I would recommend that you ______ on following through with projects.A: worked B: work C: would work答案：B题目：AT&T found that employees with better planning and decision-making skills were ______ to be promoted into management jobs.A: more likely B: more like C: more unlikely答案：A题目：______ employees keep leaving and joining the company, they also retire from time to time leaving empty places in various positions.A: Although B: If C: As答案：C题目：It's no secret that good leaders are also good communicators. Indeed, communication and leadership are inextricably tied. How can you galvanize, inspire or guide others if you don't communicate in a clear, credible and authentic way? Here are 5 essential communication practices of effective leaders: Mind the say-do gap. Trust is the bedrock of effective leadership your behavior is your single greatest mode of communication, and it must be congruent with what you say. If your actions don't align with your words, you are storing up trouble for the future. Make the complex simple. Effective leaders distill complex thoughts and strategies into simple, memorable terms that colleagues and customers can grasp and act upon. The most important thing is to clarify what you want to say, look out for technical jargon and avoid business speak, which add complexity. Say what you mean in as few words as possible. Find your own voice. Use language that's distinctly your own; let your values come through in your communication. Correct use of language and grammar are important, of course, but don't become overly fixated on eloquence for eloquence's sake; concentrate on being distinct and real. People want real, people respect real, people follow real. Be visible. Visibility is about letting your key stakeholders get a feel for who you are and what you care about. Don't hide behind a computer and only interact with people electronically see them face to face and voice to voice, and interact with them in a real, substantial way. In today's environment, where people are often burned out, it's important for employees to have a personal connection with you and the work you believe in. Show the people that work for you that you're engaged and that you care about them and their work. Listen with your eyes as well as your ears. Effective communication is a two-way process, and good leaders know how to ask good questions, and then listen with both their eyes and their ears. Because you are in a position of authority, others may be reluctant to express their real opinions to you directly. You won't always get direct feedback, so you need to also be able to read between the lines and look for the non-verbal munication and leadership dont always go hand in hand.TFThe say-do gap happens when people misunderstand their leaders intention.TFUsing technical jargon makes a leader convincing.TFCommunicating sincerely is always the best.TFObservation is as important as communication when you want to know what people really think.TF答案： B B B A A题目：The employee and the supervisor are clear about the employee's goals, required outcomes or outputs, and how the success of the contributions will be assessed. The goal in employee evaluation is to motivate a high level of quality and quantity in the work that the employee produces.The goals of the best employee performance evaluations also include employee development and organizational improvement. The employee performance evaluation helps employees accomplish both personal development and organizational goals. The act of writing down the goals takes the employee one step closer to accomplishing them.In the event that an employee is not succeeding or improving his job performance, the performance evaluation documentation can be used to develop a Performance Improvement Plan.This plan provides more detailed goals with more frequent feedback to an employee who is struggling toperform. The goal of a PIP is the improvement of the employee's performance, but non-performance can lead to disciplinary action up to and including employment termination.In many organizations, numeric rankings are used to compare an employee's performance with the performance of other employees. Numeric ratings are frequent components of these systems, too.No matter how fair and non-discriminatory, these ratings are made to appear through the endless establishment of criteria for rating, and they boil down to the manager's opinion of an employee's performance. This is why numeric components in an employee performance evaluation process are not recommended.What is the goal in employee evaluation?To motivate outcomes of the employeeTo punish inabilities of the employeeTo reduce costs of the employeeWhat is NOT the goal of the best employee performance evaluation?Employee anization improvement.Employment termination.What does PIP in Para. 6 stand for?Personal Improvement PlanPerformance Improvement PlanPromotion Improvement PlanWhat is the goal of PIP?To improve the employees performance.To protect both the employee and the employer.To create accurate appraisal documentation.What is the purpose of numeric rankings?To perform consistent, regular, non-discriminatory employee performance evaluations.To ensure equitable measurement of an employee's contribution.To compare an employees performance with the performance of other employees.答案： A C B A C题目：Teamwork is extremely important for the success of a company. Teamwork Multiplies Success: Teamwork has often been described as one plus one equals three. On teams, people can work together and accomplish much more than they could by themselves. Your company can also accomplish great things when everyone is working together toward a common goal. Teamwork Makes the Job Easier: Employees now specialize in areas and contribute to the team through the work they produce. By specializing in areas like merchandising or accounting, they become more expert at their tasks and make your team more effective as a result. Working in teams also teaches your associates to work together more effectively and frequently. The new ways of doing things are discovered by team members working together to solve a problem. Teamwork Maximizes Strengths and Reduces Weaknesses: Individual weaknesses can be minimized through the efforts of the team. In your company, you place your people where their strengths can be best used. Weaknesses can be reduced when your people concentrate on their areas of strength. Teamwork Makes Work Fun: Work is more fun when you are a part of a team. You can build on other people's ideas and share in completing the assignment together. You also have another pair of eyes to look at the work, which further reduces mistakes. Studies have also shown that laughter and fun reduce stress, which can also increase effectiveness on the job. Teams that enjoy working together can accomplish great things for your company.Whats function of the phrase one plus one equals three in Para.2?It shows that teamwork has its advantages and disadvantages.It tries to explains that working in a teamwork is better than working individually.It is a humorous way to explain how important the teamwork is in a company.The word associates can probably be replaced by the word ________ in the sentence Working in teams also teaches your associates to work together in Para.3.merchandisersaccountantscolleaguesWhich of the following statements is TREUE according to the passage?Personal shortcomings can be reduced through the efforts of the whole team.Working in a team you might be replaced by a salesman oraccountant.Weaknesses can be increased when your team members focus attention on their strength.Which of the following statements is FLASE according to the passage?Working in a team you can share in completing the assignment together.Working in a team you can improve effectiveness on the job.Working in a team you must be careless because you know somebody can help you.Whats the best title for this passage?The Tips for TeamworkThe Importance of TeamworkThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Teamwork答案： B C A C B题目：Project managers are change agents: they make project goals their own and use their skills and expertise to inspire a sense of shared purpose within the project team. They enjoy new challenges and the responsibility of driving business results. They work well under pressure and are comfortable with change and complexity in dynamic environments. They can shift readily between the big picture and the small-but-crucial details, knowing when to concentrate on each. Project managers cultivate the people skills needed to develop trust and communication among all of a project's stakeholders: its sponsors, those who will make use of the project's results, those who command the resources needed, and the project team members. They have a broad and flexible toolkit of techniques, resolving complex, interdependent activities into tasks and sub-tasks that are documented, monitored and controlled. They adapt their approach to the context and constraints of each project, knowing that no one size can fit all the variety of projects. And they are always improving their own and their teams' skills through lessons-learned reviews at project completion. Project managers are found in every kind of organization -- as employees, managers, contractors and independent consultants. With experience, they may become program managers (responsible for multiple related projects) or portfolio managers (responsible for selection, prioritization and alignment of projects and programs with an organization's strategy). And they are in increasing demand worldwide. For decades, as the pace of economic and technological change has quickened, organizations have been directing more and more of their energy into projects rather than routine operations.Which of the following is NOT enjoyed by project managers?Challenges.Responsibility.Status quo.Which of the following is NOT concerned by project managers?The overall situation.The non-crucial details.The crucial details.Which of the following is a TRUE statement about project managers?They do not need to keep contact with all of a projects stakeholders.They use one model to solve problems in various projects.They improve their skills after completion of each project.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a career possibility for experienced project manager?Becoming general manager of an organization.Running several projects at the same time.Allocating projects to other project managers.Which of the following can be an alternative title for the passage?Requirements of project managers.Future development of project managers.Career development of project managers.答案： C B C A A题目：When Jack Welch, the Chairman and CEO at General Electric (GE) retired in 2001, he could look back at a very successful career. He became CEO in 1981 at the age of 45. At that time, GE had a very complex organizational structure with considerably bureaucratic rules. One of hisfirst changes was to initiate a strategy formulation process with the guideline that each of the businesses should be number 1 or 2 in their respective areas. If this was not the case, managers had the options of fixing the problem, selling their particular business, or closing it. In an effort to streamline the organization, Welch removed the sector level and eliminated thousands of salaried and hourly employee positions. The restructuring was followed by changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GE's managers. One such program was the Work-Out（群策群力）.Groups of managers were assembled to share their views openly in three-day sessions. At the beginning of the meetings, the superior presented the challenges for his or her organizational unit. Then the superior had to leave, requesting the groups to find solutions to the problems. Facilitators (会议主持人) helped these discussions. On the last day, the superior was presented with proposed solutions. He or she then had three choices: to accept the proposal, not to accept it, or to collect more information. This process put great pressure on the superior to make decisions. Another program to improve effectiveness and efficiency was Best Practices. The aim was to learn from other companies how they obtained customer satisfaction, how they related to their suppliers, and in what ways they developed new products. This helped the GE people to focus on the processes in their operations that would improve the company's performance. Jack Welch was personally involved in developing managers at GE's training center in Crotonville. Leaders, Welch suggested, are not only those who achieve results but also those who share the values of the company.Jack Welch retired at the age of 65.TFJack Welch insisted that each of the businesses should be at least number 3 in their respective area.TFIf the business could not meet Welchs change requirements, its manager had 3choices.TFThe restructuring went before changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GEs managers.TFThe Work Out lasted a week.TF答案： A B A A B题目：When you think of team building, do you immediately picture your group off at a resort playing games or hanging from ropes? Traditionally, many organizations approach team building in this way but, then, they wonder why that wonderful sense of teamwork that had been displayed at the retreat or the seminar fails to impact long term beliefs and actions back at work. I'm not averse to retreats, planning sessions, seminars and team building activities in fact I lead them but they have to form part of a much larger teamwork effort. You will not build teamwork by retreating as a group for a couple of days each year, instead you need to think of team building as something you do every single day.Form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes. Provide training in systematic methods so the team expends its energy on the project, not on trying to work out how to work together as a team to approach the problem.Hold department meetings to review projects and progress, to obtain broad input, and to coordinate shared work processes. If there is friction between team members, examine the work processes they mutually own the problem is not usually their personalities; instead, it is often the fact that the team members haven't agreed on how they will deliver a product or service, or the steps required to get something done.Build fun and shared occasions into the organization's agenda hold pot luck lunches, take the team to a sporting event, sponsor dinners at a local restaurant, go hiking or go to an amusement park. Hold a monthly company meeting, sponsor sports teams and encourage cheering team e ice breakers and teamwork exercises at meetings these helpteam members get to know each other, share details about each other's lives, and have a laugh together.Celebrate team successes publicly. There are many ways you could do this, for instance by buying everyone the same t-shirt or hat, putting team member names in a draw for company merchandise and gift certificates. The only thing limiting you is your imagination. If you do the types of teamwork building listed above, you'll be amazed at the progress you will make in creating a teamwork culture, a culture that enables individuals to contribute more than they ever thought possible together.Team building event is traditionally related to playing games at resort.TFThe author claims that playing games together is as important as form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes for team building.TFRetreat in the first paragraph means withdrawal of troops after a defeat.TFIce breaking motivates team members compete with each other.TFA good teamwork culture enables individuals make more efforts together.TF答案： A B B B A题目：Write a composition with at least 100 words on My Dream Job. Your writing should include the followings.（1）Position: customer service representative（2）Ability: communication and customer service skills（3）Reason: an expert in the product line and strong relationships with customers答案：作文评分标准1．评分原则1）本题总分为20分,按6个档次给分。

国开04017管理英语1任务2参考答案说明:如果课程题目是随机的，请按CTRL+F在题库中逐一搜索每一道题的答案题目1:-Wow, this place is amazing.-________________: I don't think so.; Thank you.; It belongs to my grandparents.标准答案:Thank you.题目2:-It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window-________________: Sure, please.; Yes, please.; No, go ahead.标准答案:No, go ahead.题目3:It's high time that he settled down in the country and ______ a new life.: start; starting; started标准答案:started题目4:Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies______ bad for their mental development.: that is; as is; which is标准答案:as is题目5:Charles regretted _______the TV set last year. The price has now come down.: to buy; buying; of标准答案:buying题目7:--My mother is retired. My father is a manager.: Do your parents still work.; What do your parents do.; What are your parents doing right now.标准答案:What do your parents do.题目8:- I'd like to apply for a library card. -: With pleasure.; Fill out the application form first, please.; Are you a student标准答案:Fill out the application form first, please.题目9:- What is your job- I'm ____________ accountant.: /; an; a标准答案:a题目10:Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.: would have caught; could catch; would catch标准答案:would have caught题目11:Professor Smith promised to look ______my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.: over; into; after标准答案:over题目13:-It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window- ________________: No, go ahead.; Yes, please.; Sure, please.标准答案:No, go ahead.题目14:How do I _______ the gym(考点:动词词组的使用): get to; arrive; go标准答案:get to题目15:Professor Smith promised to look ______my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.: into; after; over标准答案:over题目16:Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies______ bad for their mental development.: as is; which is; that is标准答案:as is题目18:- May I use your bike for a moment-.: It doesn't matter.; I have no idea.; By all means.标准答案:By all means.题目19:I have been looking forward to from my parents.: hear; hearing; being heard标准答案:hearing题目20:- I'd like to apply for a library card. -: With pleasure.; Are you a student; Fill out the application form first, please.标准答案:Fill out the application form first, please.题目21:-It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window-________________: Yes, please.; No, go ahead.; Sure, please.标准答案:No, go ahead.题目22:With his work completed, the manager steppedback to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.: which; what; that标准答案:that题目23:I'm a deputy manager. I ________ an IT company.: work; work about; work for标准答案:work for题目24:Charles regretted _______the TV set last year. The price has now come down.: to buy; of; buying标准答案:buying题目25:-Wow, this place is amazing.-________________: Thank you.; It belongs to my grandparents.; I don't think so.标准答案:Thank you.题目26:-I'd like to apply for a library card. -Are you a student; With pleasure.; Fill out the application form first, please.标准答案:Fill out the application form first, please.题目27:Professor Smith promised to look ______my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.: after; over; into标准答案:over题目28:How do I _______ the gym(考点:动词词组的使用): arrive; go; get to标准答案:get to题目29:Charles regretted _______the TV set last year. The price has now come down.: buying; of; to buy标准答案:buying题目30:-Wow, this place is amazing.-________________: It belongs to my grandparents.; Thank you.; I don't think so.标准答案:Thank you.题目31:Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies______ bad for their mental development.: as is; that is; which is标准答案:as is题目33:--My mother is retired. My father is a manager.: What are your parents doing right now.; What do your parents do.; Do your parents still work.标准答案:What do your parents do.题目34:-Wow, this place is amazing.-________________: I don't think so.; It belongs to my grandparents.; Thank you.标准答案:Thank you.题目35:Professor Smith promised to look ______my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.: after; into; over标准答案:over题目36:Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.: would catch; would have caught; could catch标准答案:would have caught题目37:- May I use your bike for a moment-.: I have no idea.; By all means.; It doesn't matter.标准答案:By all means.题目38:It's high time that he settled down in the country and ______ a new life.: started; start; starting标准答案:started题目39:I'm a deputy manager. I ________ an IT company.: work for; work about; work标准答案:work for题目40:- May I use your bike for a moment-.: By all means.; I have no idea.; It doesn't matter.标准答案:By all means.题目41:With his work completed, the manager steppedback to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.: that; what; which标准答案:that题目42:-It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window-________________: Yes, please.; Sure, please.; No, go ahead.标准答案:No, go ahead.题目43:Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.: could catch; would have caught; would catch标准答案:would have caught题目44:I'm a deputy manager. I ________ an IT company.: work about; work for; work标准答案:work for题目45:With his work completed, the manager steppedback to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.: that; which; what标准答案:that题目46:- May I use your bike for a moment-.: I have no idea.; It doesn't matter.; By all means.标准答案:By all means.题目47:-It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window- ________________: Sure, please.; No, go ahead.; Yes, please.标准答案:No, go ahead.题目48:It's high time that he settled down in the country and ______ a new life.: started; starting; start标准答案:started题目49:-I'd like to apply for a library card. -: Are you a student; Fill out theapplication form first, please.; With pleasure.标准答案:Fill out the application form first, please.题目50:Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies______ bad for their mental development.: that is; which is; as is标准答案:as is题目51:Professor Smith promised to look ______my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.: over; after; into标准答案:over题目52:How do I _______ the gym(考点:动词词组的使用): arrive; get to; go标准答案:get to题目53:With his work completed, the manager steppedback to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.: which; that; what标准答案:that题目54:It's high time that he settled down in the country and ______ a new life.: start; started; starting标准答案:started题目55:Charles regretted _______the TV set last year. The price has now come down.: of; to buy; buying标准答案:buying题目56:I have been looking forward to from my parents.: hearing; hear; being heard标准答案:hearing题目57:It's high time that he settled down in the country and ______ a new life.: starting; started; start标准答案:started题目58:- What is your job- I'm ____________ accountant.: an; /; a标准答案:a题目59:- May I use your bike for a moment-.: By all means.; It doesn't matter.; I have no idea.标准答案:By all means题目60:I have been looking forward to from my parents.: hear; being heard; hearing标准答案:hearing题目61:Professor Smith promised to look ______my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.: into; over; after标准答案:over题目62:--My mother is retired. My father is a manager.: What are your parents doing right now.; Do your parents still work.; What do your parents do.标准答案:What do your parents do.题目63:I'm a deputy manager. I ________ an IT company.: work about; work; work for标准答案:work for题目64:Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies______ bad for their mental development.: which is; that is; as is标准答案:as is题目65:How do I _______ the gym(考点:动词词组的使用): go; arrive; get to标准答案:get to题目66:Charles regretted _______the TV set last year. The price has now come down.: buying; to buy; of标准答案:buying题目67:-Wow, this place is amazing.-________________: Thank you.; I don't think so.; It belongs to my grandparents.标准答案:Thank you.题目68:With his work completed, the manager steppedback to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.: what; that; which标准答案:that题目69:Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.: could catch; would catch; would have caught标准答案:would have caught题目70:-I'd like to apply for a library card. -: Fill out the application form first, please.; Are you a student; With pleasure.标准答案:Fill out the application form first, please.题目71:-Wow, this place is amazing.-________________: It belongs to my grandparents.; I don't think so.; Thank you.标准答案:Thank you.题目72:I have been looking forward to from my parents.: being heard; hear; hearing标准答案:hearing题目73:--My mother is retired. My father is a manager.: Do your parents still work.; What are your parents doing right now.; What do your parents do.标准答案:What do your parents do.题目74:- What is your job- I'm ____________ accountant.: /; a; an标准答案:a题目75:With his work completed, the manager steppedback to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.: what; which; that标准答案:that题目76:Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.: would have caught; would catch; could catch标准答案:would have caught题目77:I'm a deputy manager. I ________ an IT company.: work; work for; work about标准答案:work for题目78:I have been looking forward to from my parents.: being heard; hearing; hear标准答案:hearing题目79:-I'd like to apply for a library card. -: Fill out the application form first, please.; With pleasure.; Are you a student标准答案:Fill out the application form first, please.题目80:--My mother is retired. My father is a manager.: What do your parents do.; What are your parents doing right now.; Do your parents still work.标准答案:What do your parents do.题目81:I have been looking forward to from my parents.: hearing; being heard; hear标准答案:hearing题目82:- What is your job- I'm ____________ accountant.: a; /; an标准答案:a题目83:- What is your job- I'm ____________ accountant.: a; an; /标准答案:a题目84:Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies______ bad for their mental development.: which is; as is; that is标准答案:as is题目85:- May I use your bike for a moment-.: It doesn't matter.; By all means.; I have no idea.标准答案:By all means.题目86:-It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window- ________________: No, go ahead.; Sure, please.; Yes, please.标准答案:No, go ahead.题目87:--My mother is retired. My father is a manager.: What do your parents do.; Do your parents still work.; What are your parents doing right now.标准答案:What do your parents do.题目88:Charles regretted _______the TV set last year. The price has now come down.: of; buying; to buy标准答案:buying题目89:It's high time that he settled down in the country and ______ a new life.: starting; start; started标准答案:started题目90:Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.: would catch; could catch; would have caught标准答案:would have caught题目91:How do I _______ the gym(考点:动词词组的使用): get to; go; arrive标准答案:get to题目92:I'm a deputy manager. I ________ an IT company.: work for; work; work about标准答案:work for题目93:- What is your job- I'm ____________ accountant.: an; a; /标准答案:a题目94:How do I _______ the gym(考点:动词词组的使用): go; get to; arrive标准答案:get to题目6:二、完形填空:阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。

管理英语I Match the Chinese meaning in Column B with expressions in Column A. (10%)A1. subordinate2. engage in3. purchase4. in contrast c.5. quote6. clear7. mortgage8.accounting9. manufacture 10. scopeBa. 购买b. 结清；兑现c. 对照；相反d. 抵押；抵押单e. 从事；忙于f. 会计g. 范围h. 部下；下属i. 报价j. 生产答案：1. subordinate h. 部下；下属2. engage in e. 从事；忙于3. purchase a. 购买4. in contrast c. 对照；相反5. quote i. 报价6. clear b. 结清；兑现7. mortgage d. 抵押；抵押单8.accounting f. 会计9. manufacture j. 生产10. scope g. 范围II Vocabulary, Structure and Grammar. (20%)Choose the best answer and write it on the answer sheet.11.They available in all sizes.A. beB. isC. amD. are12.They are popular young people.A. toB. withC. forD. in13.Can you quote them.A. inB. atC. onD. of14.This is a special offer and can’t .A. repeatB. repeatingC. repeatsD. be repeated15.Do you think you could possibly cut down your price 10%.A. inB. atC. byD. of16.It isn’t a matter of .A. dollars and centB. dollar and centsC. dollars and centsD. dollar and cent17.We want to keep the bussiness of old customers you.A. likeB. asC. areD. such18.If you can’t your price, we’ll turn to other suppliersA. higherB. lowerC. increaseD. promote19.How are you going to the Summer Palace?We’re going there bike.A. forB. onC. inD. by20.Harry Potter III is interesting story and we all like it.A. anB. aC. theD. 不填III. Cloze.(10%)Quotations usually follow inquires about specific items. Read the following inquiry and compete the quotation. Choose the correct word from the following list.a. pricesb. quotec. Delivery Dated. 100 piecese. May 1f. 50 piecesg. Time of shipmenth. inquiryi. Quantityj. Unit Price/USD FOB/DZIV. Reading comprehension.(36%)Choose the best answer and write it on the answer sheet.Text AManagement FunctionsIn the early part of this century, a French industrialist by the name of Heri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions: they plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. In the mid-1950s, two professors used the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as the framework for a textbook on management that for twenty years was the most widey sold text on the subject. The most popular textbooks still continue to be organized around management functions, although these have been condensed generally to the basic four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Let’s briefly define what each of these functions encompasses.If you don’t have any particular destination in mind, any road will not get you there eventually. Since organizations exist to achieve some purpose, someone must define that purpose and the means for its achievement. Management is that someone. The planning function involves defining an organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving these goals, and developing a comprehensive hierachy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.Managers are also r’esponsible for designing an organization structure. We call this function organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and at what level decisions are made.Every organization includes people, and management’s job is to direct and coordinate these people. This is the function of leading. When managers motivate subordinates, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members, they are engaging in leading.The final function managers perform id controlling. After the goals are set( planning function), the plans formulated( planning function), the structural arrangements delineated( organizing function), and thepeople hired, trained, and motivated( leading function), something may still go wrong. To ensure that things are going as they should, management must monitor the organization’s performance. Actual performance must be compared with the previously set goals. If there are any significant deviations, it’s management’s job to get the organization back on the track. This process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what we mean by the controlling function.Mark the following statements with T(ture) or F(false) according to the passage.( F ) 31. According to Henri Fayol, all managers perform 5 functions: they plan, organize, command, design, and control.(F ) 32. The two professors shared some common ideas with the Henri Farol about management functions. ( F)33. Planning, organizing, marketing and controlling are generally accepted as the four basic functions of management.( T ) 34. If a manager defines an organization’s purpose and establish means to achieve the goals, he is performing his planning function.( F ) 35. Organizing means directing others’ activities and telling them what to do.( T ) 36. The leading function requires managers to lead and coordinate people in the organization.( T )37. The controlling function of management involves making sure everything goes well as expected. ( T )38. Monitoring, comparing, and correcting are three steps for management to follow in performing the controlling function.Text BCash ManagementFinancial managers try to minimize the amount of funds held in the form of cash since it does not earn interest. However, some funds must be available each day in the firm’s checking account to pay bills and to meet the payroll. Periodically, larger amounts of cash must be available to pay taxes, provide stockholders with dididends ( if the firm is a corporation), or make interest payments due on loans or mortages. While the typical firm will use an interst-earning checking account for these funds, such accounts typically earn less than other investments.The general principle underlying cash management is to minimize the amount of cash required for business operations so that more can be used I interest-producing investments. In order to minimize the firm’s cash needs, the financial manager should pay bills as late as possible and collect money owed to the firm as quickly as possible. These actions lead to efficient cash management—as long as they do not damage the firm’s credit rating or cost more than they save.One of the least expensive way for firms to manage finances themselves is by finding out where and how their cash is working for them. Banks are now selling desktop computers to larger companies, giving financial managers access to balances on bank accounts throughout the world. Excess funds that are not earning interest can be instantly moved elsewhere. Midsize companies use lock-boxes, which are essentially local adresses where customers can make payments. Companies that receive large numbers of small checks can bypass banking delays caused by mailing this way. Still another new method of managing cash is the controlled distribursement account, a system that lets a firm know how many checks and in what amounts will clear what banks at what time. Firms can keep funds invested until the minute outstanding checks clear.All this may seem like a lot of extra work and expense, especially for smaller firms, but it can make the differense between making money or losing it. Alan Burkhard, president of a job-search firm called The Placers Inc., realized he had to start paying closer attention to managing the company’s cash, because his cash management system was no longer equal to the task of serving a rapidly growing company. “Every single week we had to pay salaries and payroll taxes for every temp we placed in a job. But it was taking us 60 or 90 days or longer to collect our bills from the companies that were hiring these temps. We were basically giving our customers an interest-free loan to cover their payroll costs.” In other words, instead of the cash earning interest for Placers, it was earning interest for the customers.The Placers Inc. situation is not unique. In fact, on study found that companies with annual sales of as little as $2 million kept an average of $40 000 in accounts that were not earning interest. With better cash management, these funds could be allocated in other ways that could bring greater profits to their owners. Mark the following statements with T(ture) or F(false) according to the passage.( T) 39. Financial management should try to reduce the amount of cash in their firms to the minimum.( F) 40. Holding a large amount of cash is disadvantageous for a firm for it may be robbed.( T ) 41. Some funds have to be available each day for business operation.( T) 42. A firm can earn much more moneyby using interest-earning checking account than by investingelsewhere.(F) 43. To manage a firm’s cash efficiently, the financial manager should pay bills as quickly as possibleand collect money owed as late as possible.(F ) 44. Customers can use a desktop computer to pay their bills throughout the world.( T) 45. The controlled disbursement account ensures a firm to keep the funds invested until the last minute outstanding checks clear.(T ) 46. Poor cash management may cause possible loss to a firm.Text CTotal Quality ManagementIn response to competitive pressures, a growing number of organizations are adopting a unique philosophy concerning quality termed total quality management(TQM). Many companies who have adopted this philosophy generally follow three principles concerning quality.First, the objective of quality control is to achieve a constant and continual improvement in quality.Meeting the same quality standard year after year is not sufficient. Instead, the goal is to provide higher and better quality for customers.Second, the focus of quality improvement and quality control extends beyond the actual product or service that an organization provides. The focus of quality is on every process in the organization.Accounting systems, product promotion activities, R&D processes, and virtually all other activities in the organization are the focus of quality improvement.Third, employees bear a major responsibility for quality improvemnet. Quality becomes an integral element of every job in the organization.Implementing total quality management involves four elements of a quality control system: communicating the need for quality, training employees in the skills and knowedge of quality, securing employee involvement in quality, rewarding for quality. However, the breadth of the quality focus and the challenge of continual improvement require extra efforts. For example, an integral part of the TQM system is the quality audit, a careful study of every factor that affects quality in an activity or process. Audits are conducted in every department and division to identify existing and potential contributors to quality problems and to discover new ways to futher improve quality.Like the traditional quality control system, employee training is emphasized. However, because employees are key participants in quality improvement efforts, training focuses on problem-solving skills and techniques such as data collection methods, statistical analysis, and group brainstorming.The top-management team is often the first to receive training in quality concepts and quality control.Employees put their newly acquired skills to work in project teams in their divisions. These teams tackle specific assignments such as improving customers service and the manufacturing work flow or making the performance of a certain job more efficient. Team members come from the division’s vavious departments. Projects of wider scope are handled by cross-funtional teams with reprentatives from the organization’s different divisions.To help implement and maintain total quality management, an organization often creates a staff of managers trained in TQM principles and techniques. Staff members direct employee training in problem-solving techniques, coordinate quality audits, assit in the development of quality standards and measurements, and perform other functions in the TQM effort. Total quality management councils or committees are also often created at the division and top-management level to oversee the organization-wide TQM effort.( F )47. Many organizations are adopting a philosophy concerning competitive pressures.( T ) 48. There are mainly three priciples in total quality management.( F ) 49. The goal of quality control is to keep the same quality level year after year.( F ) 50. Quality improvement focuses only on the quality of actual products or services prvided by an organization.( T ) 51. Every employee in an organization shares the responsibility for improving quality.( T ) 52. The quality audit refers to a person who is responsible for quality checking.(T ) 53. The top management should be the first to accept training in quality concepts and quality control.( F ) 54. Members of TQM councils all come from the top-management.V. Translation (24%)55. The stronger the motivation, the more quickly one learns a foreign language.一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。

KEY TO THE EXERCISES OF CHAPTER 11 POLITICS, POWER, & LEADERSHIP.Power distance deals with the amount of authoritythat bosses have over subordinates. Low PD countries normally havea decentralized system. High PD countries are normally morecentralized. Low PD countries tend to have more democratic forms of government, and there is a more consultative relationship between bosses and subordinates.Latin countries tend to have more authoritarian relationships.As we saw in earlier chapters, companies with more hierarchicallevels have more problems with communication. On the other hand, Germanic countries tend to be more participatory in their boss-employee relationships. Their decision-making processes tend to be more participative.Multinational managers sometimes have problems adapting to new countries. The difficulty usually occurs when a manager from a high PD culture is sent to a country. It is important for managers to adopt the PD style of their new country.WORDS & MEANINGSRELATIONSHIPSDecide whether the following words are hierarchy words or partnership words:chain-of-command coming together converginghierarchy integration layerlevel merger organization chart partnership status teamvertical join linkcombine connectHierarchy Words Partnership Wordschain-of-command partnership connectlevel combine converginghierarchy coming together teamvertical merger linkstatus joinorganization chart。

1.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? 回答:B. A work plan helps cut down expenses.2.What can the clear objectives help?回答:C. It can help the process of Dlanninq, developinq and manaqinq a Droiecl.3What does the underlined word "deadlines" mean9回答:C. the point in time at which somelhinq must be completed 4 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 回答:A, When meeting anv problems you can change vaur olan for mor。

realistic timelines.5 The best title for the passage would be回答：& [he inwortange of a work olar^ ___________1 What's the purpose of writing a letter of invitation9 回答：C. Either A or B.2Which is not necessary when writing a letter of invitation ? 回答s B. weather3,The letter of invitation should not be 回答：B.easv4 Why should we send the letter of invitation in advance9回答:B. Because the receiver will nevd to plan to come to the evenl 5.Which might be the title of the whole passage? 回答• A, How to2Generally people only discuss the items listed on the agenda in a successful meeting 回答：E3An unsuccessful meeting might be full of single-way communication.回答:I4When the meeting is closed, it means there is nothing to do in the following weeks.回答:E5Minutes should be sent out to the participants within a month after the end of the meetmq.回答：E1.Being punctual has nothing co do with personal success. ： F2.It is unnecessary to set your watch two minutes ahead.回答:F3.You'd better place your alarm clock beside your bed so that you can turn it off at once.回答:I4Being a punctual person, one should sleep earlier to allow himself more than 7 hours'sleep 回答:T5 This passaqe is mainly about the to be punctual 回答：E~~Filing means keeping documents in a : Q safe place and being able to find them easily and quickly. Documents that are 回答:A. cared for will not easily tear, get lost or dirtyA filing system is the central record-keeping system for an organization It helps all people who should be able to access information to do so easily. It is always 回： B. a pleasure when someone looks for something and is able to find it without difficulties- In our organizations we work in groups. We receive and send out documents on different subjects. We need to keep these documents for 回答：A. futurereference. If these documents are not cared for, we cannot account for all our organizational activities. Everyone who needs t。