定语从句详细讲解, 个人整理 ,适用于高中阶段

一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（Simple Sentence)2.并列句（Compound Sentence)3.主从复合句（Complex Sentence)(1)简单句的五大基本句型：主语+连系动词+表语Her face was red with anger.主语＋及物动词＋宾语Y ou can consider my suggestion.主语＋不及物动词＋状语This kind of cloth sells well.主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾He told me a secret.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补He found the work half done.（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。

其结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句He has studied English for only one year, but he can read and write now.Keep on and you will make progress.（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。

从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。

根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。

从句：是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份定语：用于修饰名词或代词定语从句基本概念三.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词（关系代词，关系副词）引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的意思定语从句的核心----引导词A plane is a machine that can fly.关系代词先行词和关系词的关系：A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is a machine that/which can fly.The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.>The girl we saw her yesterday is Mary.>The girl we saw yesterday is Mary.关系代词的用法注意：关系代词作作宾语时可以省略关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.4.The noodles were delicious. Y ou cooked them.5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.关系副词关系副词和先行词的关系：I still remember the day when I came here.on the day =whenThis is the house where I lived last year.in the house= whereThere are many reasons why people like traveling.for the reasons =whyI don’t like the way that you speak.in the way =that关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”几种易混的情况：1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten yea rs ago.4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave me.关系代词和关系副词区别：关系代词：当定语从句中缺少必需成分时关系副词：当定语从句中不缺必需成分时关系副词有时可以以“介词+关系代词”替换，关系副词在定语从句中一般时间（when），地点（where），原因（why）等状语成分。

特别的引导词whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格难用的whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.the window of which is brokenThe house is mineof which the window is brokenExercise(1.Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is made of plastics.(2. Please pass me the dictionary ______ the cover is made of plastics. A．whose B．of which C．that D．Which先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought upby his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限定性定语从句Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.*限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较：1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.注意： 1. 要小心“，”“。

”2. 非限制性定语从句中不能使用that引导。

3. 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以指代整个句子（主句）。

非限制性定语从句和单句的比较:4.He has two sons. Both of them are teachers.5.He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.只能用that的情况1.He did all / everything ______ he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _______ I am looking for.3.We talked about the men and the things _______we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever workedwith.7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.只能用that 做关系代词的情况:1,当先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等2.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时3.当先行词既有指人、又有指物的名词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中练习：把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say?10.Any person _______ has the money can join thegroup.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_______ made others upset.12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.只能用which 做关系代词的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中2.在介词后面介词+关系代词的用法：介词+关系代词的情况The man whom you spoke to was a scientist. The city which she lives in is far away.下面两句中的介词能提前吗?s this the watch which you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .练习: 介词+关系代词的使用. Do you like the book she spent $10?2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?4. Do you like the book she often talks?5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Y ellow River.8. The tower _____________ people can have a good viewis on the hill.9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last nightis very good at writing.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most __________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a yearas 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round. It is known to all.The earth is round, Which/ As is known to all.As is known to all, the earth is roundIt is known to all that the earth is round.as 具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expectedas 作为定语从句中一个特殊引导词的用法1）定语从句的引导词2）区别于其余引导词，as有词意“正如”3）在从句中担当成分，一般做定语从句主语。