现在完成时态专题讲解一、注意理解时态的两层意义及不同意义对应的标志词观察一：请仔细观察下列句子。
1.I have already finished reading the book.(现在我了解了书的内容).2.Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have.(我现在不饿了).3.He has never seen the film before. (现在他不了解电影的内容)4.I have just washed my car.（现在车很干净了）5.I have seen the film three times. (我现在了解电影的内容)思考一：现在完成时表达的含义：1）表示在发生或已经结束的动作对造成的影响或结果标志词:常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),before,ever(曾经),never,three times等词连用。
常用于肯定句中, 常用于否定句,疑问句句尾。
练习、翻译以下句子1、你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-found your book)2、他们已经在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built many buildings)3、Judy还刚到达. (arrive-arrived)观察二：请仔细观察以下句子1.We have been in Qi Bin Middle School since 2013.(我们还在淇滨中学)2.He has learned English for 5 years/since 5 years ago/since I was in primary school.（他还在继续学习英语）3.China has made great changes these years/up to now/so far.(现在还在发生变化)思考二：现在完成时表达的含义：2）表示在过去已经开始并到现在。
可能已经结束,也可能将会继续持续下去的动作或状态. 标志词:常与for, since,these years, recently(最近),up to now/until now/so far(到现在),in the past/last years,(在过去几年) 等引导的短语或从句连用.★since 用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for 用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”1)since+时间点He has stayed here since （五点钟）.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since （五个小时前）.3)since+ 从句(从句用一般过去时)She has taught English since （自从他来这里）.★for+ 时间段He has kept the book （长达两周时间）.注意：并非有for /since作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。
)I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。
)It is two years since the old man died. （老人去世已有两年了。
）=Two years has passed since the old man died.练习、用for 或since填空1、Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.2、I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.3、My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month .4、My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.5、We haven’t used our car ________ a long time .6、She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years.7、Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years 。
二、理解现在完成时的基本结构和各种句式观察三:仔细观察课本110页现在完成时态表格一思考三:现在完成时的肯定句，否定句，疑问句分别是怎样构成的？★总结：现在完成时态的构成：基本结构: 。
肯定式:_____________________否定式:___________________________疑问式:______________________肯定回答___________否定回答________练习、按要求改变句子。
1.She has done her homework. (改否定句)2.The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句)★动词的规则变化(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“”。
“直”work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited(2)以“e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“”。
“去”live---lived---lived argue--argued--argued(3)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母再加““双”stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped(4)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i" ，再加“”。
“改”study---studied---studied , cry---cried---cried★注意：规则动词的过去分词的变化与过去式是一样的!练习、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词Live ______ ______ Stay ______ ______ plan ______ ______Clean ______ ______ worry ______ ______★不规则动词可参考书本141-142页的表格将过去分词按照以下分类：AAA AAB ABB ABA ABC三．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生过了的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调在过去发生的动作；与现在无关。
现在完成时也表示过去某时发生了某动作，并且该动作对现在造成了影响，强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作在昨天发生过了。
）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,last week,…ago,in1990,in October, just now,,现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语:(1)ever, never, just, before, yet, already, ...times(...次)(2)for, since, so far, till/until/up to now, in the past/last few years, recently,句子中如有具体的过去时间（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.四．比较延续动词与瞬间动词1.延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
用法:延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
如:for+一段时间:for 2 years;since从句,since he came here;since+时间点名词,since last year,since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
2.非延续性动词:也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
用法:①非延续性动词一般与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.②非延续性动词在也可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如：for two yearsIt is 4 years since I came here. 从我到这里已经四年了。
③非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的运用。
在现在完成时的第二种用法中,若表示某动作从过去持续到现在,一般用延续性动词。
短暂性动词也可以用在现在完成时中，但是需要注意句型：1.否定句中可以直接与时间段连用。
I haven’t bought books for two years.2.肯定句和疑问句中，用相应的延续性动词替换。
如：1.The old man died 4 years ago.--The old man has been dead for 4 years.2.He joined the Party2 years ago.--He has been in the Party for 2 years3.I bought the book 5 days ago.--I have had/the book for 5 days.begin/start --- be on die --- be dead finish --- be overopen sth ---sth be open fall ill --- be ill get up---be upcatch a cold--have a cold come here--be here begin to do--dogo there --- be there become--be come back--- be backfall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)leave --- be away from get to know --- know borrow--keepgo (get) out →be out put on→ wear close--be closed五、比较have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been inhave/has been to 去过,有去有回have/has gone to 去了,有去无回have/has been in 停留一段时间He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海。
