英语语言学概论复习 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
《英语语言学概论》复习纲要
1.复习的基本原则：第一，理解和吃透各章的重点内容。第二，以各章的题
目为统领，理解各章节下的具体内容。第三，动手书写和记忆重要内容，部分语言学理论会应用到实际中。
2.各章节复习要点如下
Chapter1InvitationstoLinguistics
1)D efinitionsofthefollowingterms:language,linguistics,arbitrari
ness,duality,creativity,displacement,descriptiveVSprescriptiv e,synchronicVSdiachronic,langueVSparole,competenceVSperforman ce
2)S tudyoftheoriginoflanguage
3)W hatarethefunctionsoflanguage
4)W hichsubjectsareincludedinmacrolinguistics
Chapter2SpeechSounds
1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:articulatoryphonetics,acoustic
phonetics,auditoryphonetics,phonetics,phonology,consonants,vo wels,allophones,broadtranscriptionVSnarrowtranscription
2)Analyzethecomplementarydistribution,freevariationwithexamples
3)TheclassificationofEnglishconsonantsandEnglishvowelsandthefea
turesinvolvedintheclassification
4)Understandsomeprocessesofphonology:nasalization,dentalization
,velarization
5)Differencesbetweenintonationandtone
Chapter3Frommorphemetophrase
1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:morpheme,morphology,backformat
ion,blending,classshift
2)Differencesbetweenrootandstem,inflectionalVSderivationalaffix
3)AnalyzethemorphemescontainedinEnglishwords,suchas internationa
lization,distempered,moonwalk,frienships
4)Whatarethecharacteristicsofaword
5)UnderstandtheclassificationofEnglishwords:variableVSinvariabl
e,grammaticalVSlexical,closed-classVSopen-
class,particles,auxiliaries,determiners
6)Understandtheprocessesofwordformationwithexamples:blending,ab
breviation,acronym,backformation,class-shift
Chapter4FromwordtoText
1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:syntax,endocentricVSexo
centricconstruction,coordinationVSsubordination
2)SyntacticfunctionsofEnglishsentences:subject(agentVSpa
tient,grammaticalVSlogical),predicate,object
3)CategoriesinEnglish:number,gender,agreement
Chapter5Meaning
1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:semantics,thereferentia
ltheory,semantictriangle,synonymy,antonymy,hyponymy
2)Understandsynonymy,antonymy,hyponymywithexamples
3)Subclassificationofantonymy
4)Componentialanalysisinpractice:suchas boy,girl,woman,ma
n,mother,father(entailmentandpolysemous)
Chapter6Languageandcognition
1)Definitionofthefollowingterms:psycholinguistics,c
ognitivelinguistics
2)Understandthethreeissuesofpsycholinguistics:langu
ageacquisition,languagecomprehension,languageproduction
3)Understandexamplesconcerningconstrualoperations
4)Understandexamplesconcerningcategorization(basicl
evel,superordinateandsubordinatelevels)
5)Understandexamplesconcerningmetaphor(targetdomain
,sourcedomain)
6)Understandexamplesconcerningmetonymy
Chapter7Language,Culture,andSociety
1)Definitionofthefollowingterms:Sapir-
WhorfHypothesis,thetheoryofcontextofsituation
2)Understandthetwoexamples(Hopilanguageandstudyofco
lorwords)concerningSapir-WhorfHypothesis
Chapter8LanguageinUse
1)Differencesbetweenpragmaticsandsemantics
2)UnderstandthetheoryofIllocutionaryAct(threesenses)
3)UnderstandthetheoryofConversationalImplicature,th
