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第07讲特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句1.掌握特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的基本构成及重点用法；2.能在具体的语境中灵活运用本节课的内容。
1. 疑问词引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，疑问词就是引导词，这时疑问词不可省略，而且宾语从句要用陈述语序，即＂疑问词+主语+谓语+其他＂。
►I wonder what I should do next. 我想知道下一步我该做什么。
【警示】宾语从句的标点要根据主句的句子类型来确定。
当主句是陈述句时，句末通常用句点；当主句是疑问句时，句末通常用问号。
2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换含有宾语从句的复合句在一定的条件下可以转化为简单句。
（1）若主句的主语与从句的主语一致，则由疑问词引导的宾语从句可以变成＂疑问词+动词不定式＂的复合结构。
►I don’t know how I should do it next.=I don’t know how to do it next. 我不知道下一步应该怎样做。
（2）当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch等时，其后的that从句常简化为＂宾语+动词原形/动词-ing形式＂。
►I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now. I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now.刚才我看到一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。
（3）当主句的谓语动词是hope, agree, wish等，且主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，其后以that引导的宾语从句可简化为动词不定式结构。
►He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English.宾语从句除由引导词that，if/whether引导外还可由what，which，whom，when等引导。
Unit 3Grammar疑问词引导的宾语从句Grammar1. 疑问词引导的宾语从句关联词当一个特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由原来的疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how，why等作为引导宾语从句的关联词，这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分，都有各自的词义，不可省略。
语序宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。
如：Do you know when Mr. Black will arrive in Beijing?(关联词) (主语)(谓语)Do you know who is a math teacher?(关联词作主语) (系动词+表语)I don’t know who those men are.(关联词) (主语) (系动词)时态宾语从句的时态与主句的时态息息相关：如果主句是现在的某种时态，则宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；如果主句是过去的某种时态，则宾语从句一般要用相应的过去时态(宾语从句表示客观真理除外)。
如：Peter wants to know what Lucy was doing at 8:00 yesterday morning.My aunt asked me when I would buy a new car.转换当宾语从句中的主语与主句的主语或宾语一致时，可使用“关联词+动词不定式(短语)”结构对从句进行改写。
如：I really don’t know which book I should buy. = I really don’t know which book to buy.Can you tell me where I can get a dictionary? = Can you tell me where to get a dictionary?2.中考链接(1) I didn’t know _________.A. when would the train arriveB. where could I get the bookC. what has been doneD. who left the message(2019 湖北武汉)(2) —Do you know _________ the meeting?—Tomorrow morning.A. when they hadB. when they are going to haveC. when did they haveD. when are they going to have (2019 北京)(3) —I don’t understand _________.—I’m sorry. But I was doing my homework.A. why you didn’t watch the football matchB. why didn’t you watch the football matchC. why you don’t watch the football matchD. why don’t you watch the football match (2019 江苏苏州)(4) —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?—I haven’t decided where _________.A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go (2019 山东济宁)(5) —Excuse me. Could you please tell me _________ my car?—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.A. how to stopB. where to parkC. where to stopD. when to park (2019 山东青岛)Keys: DBADB这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理，登在小黑板上，每周一换。
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。
特殊疑问句的疑问词通常有疑问代词what, which, who, whose和疑问副词where, when, why, how等。
Show me what you have written. 把你所写的给我看看。
I don’t know whose dictionary it is. 我不知道这是谁的词典。
【典例精析】改为宾语从句（2013 上海中考）“Who is responsible for the food safety problem?”asked the reporter.The reporter asked _____ ______ responsible for the food safety problem.【点拨】who was二、宾语从句的语序特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句都是用“连词+陈述句语序的句子”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。
主句是陈述句时，句末用句号；主句是疑问句时，句末用问号。
Can you tell me where the drugstore is? 你能告诉我药店在哪儿吗？He asked who could answer these questions. 他问谁能回答这些问题。
【典例精析】例1（2013 天津中考）—I don’t know ______.—Because he has to look after his mother.A. why he is leavingB. why is he leavingC. whether he is leavingD. whether is he leaving【点拨】A 考查宾语从句。
宾语从句中应使用陈述语序，由此可排除B、D两项；由答语“因为他不得不照顾他妈妈”可知，空格处问的是他为什么离开。
考点31 疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。
宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。
①带有系动词be(is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。
宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。
how在从句中作副词。
注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前(Liz is)。
②带有(情态)助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？→Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？→I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。
What should I do? 我该怎么办？→Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？→Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。
Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？→Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？→I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。
Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？→Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？→I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。
how和what引导宾语从句
"how" 和"what" 是英语中常用的引导宾语从句的疑问词。
它们在句子中起到连接主句和从句的作用，并在从句中担任一定的成分。
1. "How" 引导宾语从句时，通常表示方式、方法或程度等。
例如：
- I don't know how I can solve this problem.（我不知道我该如何解决这个问题。
）
- Can you tell me how to get to the library?（你能告诉我怎么去图书馆吗？）
- She asked how much the dress cost.（她问这件裙子多少钱。
）
2. "What" 引导宾语从句时，通常用于询问事物、内容或具体的信息。
例如：
- I wonder what happened to him.（我想知道他发生了什么事。
）
- Do you know what time the movie starts?（你知道电影什么时候开始吗？）
- He didn't tell me what he was thinking.（他没有告诉我他在想什么。
）
需要注意的是，在使用"how" 和"what" 引导宾语从句时，从句的语序通常是陈述句语序，即“连接词+ 主语+ 谓语”的结构。
同时，根据句子的意思和语境，选择合适的连接词来引导宾语从句。
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句是英语中一种常用的复合句类型。
这种从句通常用于回答某种特定的疑问，例如“什么？”，“谁？”，“哪里？”，“为什么？”等等。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的基本结构、用法和实例。
基本结构：“什么？”，“哪个？”，“谁？”，“为什么？”等等。
主语和谓语通常遵循主谓宾的基本结构。
例如：“What do you want?” “你想要什么？”“Who is your favorite singer?” “你最喜欢的歌手是谁？”用法：“Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?” “你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪里吗？”实例：下面是一些特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的实例：1. What does he want to eat for breakfast? 他想吃什么早餐？2. When are you going to the park? 你什么时候去公园？3. Who is the tallest person in your class? 你班上最高的人是谁？4. How many siblings do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？5. Where is the nearest gas station? 最近的加油站在哪里？6. Whom did you invite to the party? 你邀请了谁来参加派对？总结：特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句是英语中一种常用的复合句类型，用于询问某种特定的信息。
它由特殊疑问词、主语和谓语组成，通常出现在复合句中的任何位置，作为主句的宾语。
了解这种从句的基本结构和用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和表达英语。
疑问词引导的宾语从句当一个特殊疑问句充当宾语时，我们应该注意以下三点。
一、关联词由原来的疑问词what, who, which, when, where, how, why等作为引导宾语从句的关联词，这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分，都有各自的含义，不能省略。
二、语序疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
三、主从句的时态主句若是现在时，疑问词引导的宾语从句的时态随句意而确定；主句若是过去时，疑问词引导的宾语从句的时态也用过去的某种时态(宾语从句表示客观真理除外)。
如：请将下面的两个简单句合并为含有宾语从句的复合句。
What is his sister going to do? I ask Jack.→I ask Jack what his sister is going to do.Which school does he want to go to? Do you know?→Do you know which school he wants to go to?When did she arrive in Beijing? I want to know.→I want to know when she arrived in Beijing.Why will you buy a new house? Frank asked me.→Frank asked me why I would buy a new house.【温馨提示】如果疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语，变为宾语从句时语序不变，但时态应作相应变化。
如：Who can answer the question? The teacher asked.→The teacher asked who could answer the question．Whose book is on the desk? We want to know.→We want to know whose book is on the desk.Ⅰ. 单项选择1. —Can you tell me ________?—He lives in Shanghai.A. where Mark livesB. where does Mark liveC. where Mark livedD. where did Mark live (2016 北京)2. —Look at the man in blue! Do you know ________?—Oh, he is a policeman.A. what does he doB. what he doesC. how he does (2016 黑龙江哈尔滨)3. —Could you tell me ________?—Every four years. The 24th will take place in China in 2022.A. how long the Winter Olympic Games lastB. how long do the Winter Olympic Games lastC. how often are the Winter Olympic Games heldD. how often the Winter Olympic Games are held (2016 江苏泰州)4. There are so many foggy days recently. We all wonder ________.A. how is the air pollutedB. why the air is seriously pollutedC. what can we do to prevent that bad weatherD. what are the real reasons (2016 内蒙古呼和浩特)Ⅱ. 句型转换1. “How do you sell goods at the WeChat shop?” Kevin asked me. (改写句子，句意不变)Kevin asked me ________ I ________ goods at the WeChat shop. (2016 山东济南) 2. “When will you finish the project on Internet safety?” the official asked. (改为宾语从句)The official asked ________ I ________ finish the project on Internet safety. (2016 上海)答案Ⅰ. 1-4 ABDB Ⅱ. 1. how; sold 2. when; would。
whether / if及疑问词引导的宾语从句在上一模块中我们已经学习了that引导的宾语从句，本模块我们学习whether / if引导的宾语从句和疑问词引导的宾语从句。
我们将从引导词和语序两方面学习这两类宾语从句。
如：Will Mike go to China next week? We don’t know.→We don’t know whether / if Mike will go to China next week.When did he buy the watch? I want to know.→I want to know when he bought the watch.Where did you spend your holiday last month? Could you tell me?→Could you tell me where you spent your holiday last month?【运用】单项选择单项选择1. Mom, have you see n my toy bear? I don’t know ____ I have left it.A. whyB. whenC.how D. where2. —Do you know ____ The Belt and Road Forum(“一带一路”高峰论坛) began?—On May 14th, 2017.A. thatB. whenC.if D. where3. —Do you know ____ Ann goes to work every day?—Usually by underground.A. whyB. howC.when D. whether4. —Do you know ______ next Friday, Lily?—If it doesn’t rain, we will.A. if we will take a field tripB. will we take a field tripC. why we will take a field trip5. —Excuse me, could you please tell me ___ the Science Museum?—Sure. Go along the street and turn left. It’s next to Bank of China.A. when I can get toB. when can I get toC. how I can get toD. how can I get to答案1-5 DBBAC感谢您的支持祝您生活愉快。
由疑问词充当引导词的宾语从句的讲解疑问词：疑问代词（what、whom、who、whose、which）疑问副词（when、where、why、how）who、whom、whose、which、what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：1、2、3、4、I wonder you like.5、在疑问词充当引导词的时候，除了要注意遵守我们以前讲过的主句和从句的时态呼应外，还要注意，在疑问词充当引导词的时候从句中要用陈述语序而不用疑问语序。
例如：My teacher asked me what played yesterday.The policeman asked him where you were yesterday.翻译下列句子：1、请告诉我，你什么时候去北京。
2、Tom 问我放学后我想玩什么。
3、他不知道什么时候完成这么多的家庭作业。
4、我不知道我弟弟住在哪里。
由疑问词充当引导词的宾语从句的讲解疑问词：疑问代词（what、whom、who、whose、which）疑问副词（when、where、why、how）who、whom、whose、which、what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：1、2、3、4、I wonder you like.5、在疑问词充当引导词的时候，除了要注意遵守我们以前讲过的主句和从句的时态呼应外，还要注意，在疑问词充当引导词的时候从句中要用陈述语序而不用疑问语序。
例如：My teacher asked me what played yesterday.The policeman asked him where you were yesterday.翻译下列句子：1、请告诉我，你什么时候去北京。
2、Tom 问我放学后我想玩什么。
3、他不知道什么时候完成这么多的家庭作业。
4、我不知道我弟弟住在哪里。
由疑问词充当引导词的宾语从句的讲解疑问词：疑问代词（what、whom、who、whose、which）疑问副词（when、where、why、how）who、whom、whose、which、what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
