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2023届新高考英语必考重点语法——非谓语动词精讲定义&分类定义：非谓语动词也可称之为非限定动词（non-finite verbs），指的是由动词变化而成，同时具有动词性质和原义，但是不能在句子中充当谓语成分的动词。
根据定义可h知，该类此依旧可以和动词一样带宾语，副词，补语等。
主要分三类：不定式（Infinitive）；动名词（Gerund）；分词（Participle）现在分词VS动名词现在分词：相当于是形容词、副词；动名词：相当于是名词；初高中阶段学习非谓语，学习掌握12字及一条原则【找非谓语与逻辑主语之间的关系】就可解决绝大部分问题。
英语成分详解一个英语简单句只能有一个谓语动词。
其他的动词都要变成非谓语的形式。
因此非谓语动词可以在句子中充当多种成分，如：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语等。
考虑到英语语法的逻辑性和系统性，本文将从英语成分的角度学习非谓语动词语法。
一：非谓语做主语前提：3种非谓语中，只有不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）可以作主语，分词不可以。
【不定式VS动名词】1）动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的Eg1：Smoking and drinking alcohol do harm to health. （抽象）吸烟饮酒有害健康。
Eg2：To smoke and to drink alcohol so much do harm to health.（具体）吸烟饮酒有害健康。
2）It句型中，【1】It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。
常见于：“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/ a good pleasure之类的名词+动名词”；和“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile之类的形容词+动名词“结构中作主语。
►专题01 动词时态语态用法梳理+高考题型组合练_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精讲【考情链接】谓语动词的时态、语态是高考的必考重点。
高考常考的时态有，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。
高中阶段的被动语态：主要掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态，以及将来完成时被动语态的用法。
特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意容易混淆的时态差异，准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。
【要点梳理】考点一：动词时态➢动词时态梳理一般式进行式完成式现在does/is/are/am is/are/am doing have done过去did was/were doing had done将来will do will be doing will have done过去将来would do would be doing would have done此外：高中阶段需重点掌握：①将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
语法专项非谓语非谓语动词是英语学习的难点，也是语法填空题的重要考核点。
做语法填空时要先判断是否要填非谓语形式；然后根据句意判断使用非谓语动词的何种形式：不定式、动名词还是分词。
对于非谓语部分，我们要掌握其形式和用法。
一、动词不定式表示一般的状态；表示动作时有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
例句：（请在划线部分填上所给词的正确形式）●他似乎知道这件事。
He seems ____________ (know) this matter.●他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
They invited us ___________ ( go ) there this summer.(2)不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
●他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
He pretended ___________________ (listen) to the teacher carefully.(3)不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
●对我来说，在你们国家玩了这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
It’s an honor for me _________________(travel) so many places in your country.(4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
●据说她很多年一直在研究这个问题、She is known ______________ (work) on the problem for many years.(5)不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。
●他要求被派往农村工作。
He asked ________________(send) to work in the countryside.●对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。
It's a good thing for him ________________ (scold) by the teacher.(6)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式即在to前加not.●当我经过的时候她假装没看到我。
胆置黑词考，牖讲含蜜g)讲义非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错必考热点语法工程之一。
现结合典型考题对非谓语动词的考点进行梳理和总结，帮助大家明确考点，找出解题规律和方法。
一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时、多用不定式；表示比拟抽象的一般的行为倾向时，多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。
(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析：Ignoring。
分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是will be,因此前面局部是主语，应该使用动名词短语作主语。
二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。
有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等，但意义上有区别。
[典例1 ] I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析：wear改为wearing”介词by后应接动名词作宾语。
高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，顾名思义也确实是不能单独用作谓语的动词（但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”），非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法专门广泛、灵活，可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。
现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍：动词不定式一、不定式作主语1.一样置于句首：To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.2.常见用it代替它作形式主语，而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾：It's our duty to serve the people．3.在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中，一样只用it作形式主语。
常见：Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there？不能够说：*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea？二、不定式作表语连系动词be，seem，appear，get，remain等常用不定式作表语，假如主语部分有实义动词do时，表语常可用不带to的不定式。
例如：My idea is to have a trip on Sunday．The only thing I can do now is wait at home.三、不定式作动词宾语1.动词＋不定式：The girl asked to see the headmaster．常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有：agree，aim，arrange，ask，choose，decide， demand，pretend，expect，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，want，hate 等。
但help后的不定式常可省掉的，如：They helped（to）do the cleaning this morning.2.动词十疑问词（why除外）＋不定式：We must find out what to do next.常见能跟“疑问词十不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：decide，find out，forget，know，learn，remember，see，think，understand，wonder等。
2021年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破第二讲非谓语动词1．不定式作状语(1)缘故状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。
◆I’m very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.我专门快乐被邀请参加那个会议。
(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一样不可置于句首。
◆(2020·北京高考单项填空)To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶上早班航班，我们提早预订了出租车，同时起得专门早。
(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。
◆George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子差不多离他而去。
熟记固定结构：(1)only/just to…; too…to…；so/such as to…；…enough (for sb.) to…(2)be＋adj.＋to do sth.◆As far as I’m concerned, the book is very hard to learn.就我个人而言，这本书专门难明白得。
2．分词作状语(1)v.ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时刻、条件、让步、缘故、相伴、结果等。
现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。
◆(2020·天津高考单项填空)Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.差不多忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。
◆Having been laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑，因此又惭愧又尴尬。
►专题02 非谓语动词用法梳理+高考题型组合练_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精讲【考情链接】非谓语动词是高考非常重要的必考重难点，几乎占语法填空三分之一分值。
非谓语包括动词不定式、动名词及现在分词与过去分词。
要厘清非谓语构成及其各种形式。
非谓语主要考查点分别有:1. 动词不定式的正确运用，尤其是被动式、进行式和完成式的正确运用;2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语，宾语补是语和状语的区别以及分词在with 复合结构及独立主格结构中的运用。
3. 动名词的正确运用:介词后接的动名词的用法，常见接动名词作宾语的动词，含动名词的常见固定句型，尤其是被动式和完成式的正确运用以及复合结构的正确识别。
【要点梳理】➢考点一：不定式用法1. 构成一般式to do /被动to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done /被动to have been done完成进行式to have been doing1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.4. It happened to be raining when I got there.【经典题例】1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. to have broken2. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ___________ (work) on the computer. to be working3. She was the first woman ___________ (elect) to such a post. to be elected4.Energy drinks are not allowed _________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. to be made 注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定式。
注意①expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。
也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。
如：I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。
I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。
I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。
2．用法To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语）He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语）I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语）His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语）On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语）She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语）The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities.➢考点二：动名词用法★必背动词★必背句型The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.➢考点三：分词用法现在分词主动语态现在分词被动语态一般式writing being written完成式having written having been written1.The child standing over there is my brother．2.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.3.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.4.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.5.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.6.Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.7.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.8.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema._____重点小练使用不定式适当形式填空1. _______ (catch) the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.2. I meant __________ (finish) my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.3. It has been an honor for me____________ (invite) to your country.4. It happened______________ (rain) when I got there.5.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.6. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ____________ (work) on the computer.7. She was the first woman ____________ (elect) to such a post.8.Energy drinks are not allowed ___________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.9.____________ that task in such a short time is really a challenge.（主语/形式主语）10. He managed______________ (solve) the complicated problem. 宾语）11. I feel it a great honor __________ (invite) to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语）12. His wish is _____________ (become) an astronaut. （表语）13. On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters __________ (write). （定语）14. She raised her voice____________ (hear) well. （状语）15. The teacher encouraged the students _________(take) active part in some outdoor activities. (ask/tell/order/advise sb. to do sth.)（补语）参考答案：1.To catch2. to have finished3. to have been invited4. to be raining5. to have broken6.to be working7. to be elected8. to be made9. To finish (finish) 10. to solve11.to be invited 12. to become 13. to write 14. to be heard 15. to take1. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (walk)2. I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)3. With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty ______ his house. (find)4. To make a living, he tried writing, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. ( paint)5. She prided herself on _______to work in Beijing. (send)6. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)7. She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)9. He came to the party without _______. (invite)10. There is no ____ what will happen in the future. (know)11. I’ll never forget ____ the musical comedy in New York. (see)12.I remember ____ to Beijing when I was a child. (take)13. He paused and went on _____ the text to us. (explain)14.On _____ the news, she couldn’t help crying. (hear)15. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need. (persuade)答案：1. Walking ughing 3. finding 4. painting 5.being sent 6. having saved7.being criticized8.winning 9.being invited 10. knowing 11. having seen12. being taken 13. explaining 14. hearing 15. being persuaded1. ______ (dress) in a while uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.2. When _____(offer) help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”3.______(wait) in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.4. _______ (tell) many times , he finally understood it.5. When ______(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.6.______(face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.7. Ideally ______ (locate) for Broadway theaters and Firth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. （08上海）8. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____(exhaust) （05上海春考）9. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____(take) advantage of the health and relaxation. (05上海)10.When _____(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.11.When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ______ (beat).12.Workers in the factories have their hearing ________ (harm) by the great noises.13.His stories __________(talk)about net love are popular with the youth.14. You can’t take away these magazines__________ (belong) to our school library.15. Mobile phones ___________ (sell) all over the world help people communicate.参考答案：1.Dressed2. offered3.Having waited4. Having been told5. comparing6. Facing7. located 8. exhausted 9. taking pleted 11. beating 12. harmed 13.talking 14. belonging 15.sold1.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.2. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.3. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend)with his students.4.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch.5. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________(take).6. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ________ (perform)live is quite another.7. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.8.The hospital has recently obtained new medica equipment, ________ (allow)more patients to be treated.参考答案: 1. dying 2.. to thank 3. spent 4. to stay 5. taken 6. being performed 7. to save 8. allowing1.失败了三次,他不想再试了。
