2023年上海市英语高考二轮专题复习精讲精练(含真题与一二模题)17 应用文写作含详解

专题7 语篇型填空【考情分析】“语篇型语法填空”符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念，这一题型主要在语篇层面上考查学生的语言知识，符合语言真实性的要求，让学生在更加真实的语境中应用自己学到的语言知识。

【考点梳理】一、有提示词试题的解题技巧考点一：动词——谓语动词例：Our hosts shared many of their experiences and（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. （2019年全国Ш卷）Key：recommended.Skill 1：若句中没有谓语v.，或者虽已有谓语v.，但需填的v.与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语v.;若是谓语v.，考虑时态语态及主谓一致。

考点二：动词——非谓语动词例：We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call______（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.（2019全国Ⅱ卷）Key：saying.Skill 2：若句中已有谓语v.，又不是并列谓语v.时，所给v.就是非谓语v.。

若是非谓语v.则确定用-ing形式、-ed 形式，还是用to do. 确定非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。

Attention：有时给出的v.既不是谓语v.也不是非谓语v.，而是要求词性转换。

考点三：词类、形、义转换题例1：When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting___________（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. （2019年全国Ш卷）Key：competition.Skill 3：所填单词作S.或O.或者在article，prep.，adj.，形容词性物主pron.或名词所有格后，考虑填n.，注意单复数形式。

普陀区2022学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Her working all day long. B.The gathering of friends.C.The annoying housework.D.The busy schedule.2.A.He likes cooking food himself. B.She thinks frozen food is unhealthy.C.He accepts the woman’s invitation.D.She prefers eating outside.3.A.The movie is not suitable for kids. B.The kids like Spider Man.C.The kids were frightened by the movie.D.The movie is quite boring.4.A.Tom invites Susan to his wedding. B.Tom will get married to Susan.C.Susan invites both Tom and Anna.D.Anna will attend Tom’s wedding.5.A.She is drinking tea. B.She likes reading magazines.C.She doesn’t like the pictures.D.She doesn’t know any Japanese.6.A.1hour. B.2hours. C.3hours. D.4hours.7.A.Supermarket. B.Drug store.C.Barber shop.D.The other side of the street.8.A.The bad weather stopped him. B.His shoes were worn out.C.He didn’t like the hiking trip.D.He was too tired to continue.9.A.A full-time student. B.An exchange student.C.A visiting scholar.D.A part-time student.10.A.He is talkative. B.He is bossy.C.He is confident.D.He is trustworthy.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following recording.11.A.The brain function of the mouse.B.The result of a study on mice.C.The way of learning and memorizing.D.The relationship between sleep and health.12.A.Sleep problem. B.Brain disease.C.Cell space.D.Brain structure.13.A.Brain diseases are difficult to solve.B.The reason why scientists and philosophers argue.C.Scientists search for better ways to treat brain diseases.D.The brain of a mouse is the same as that of a human.Questions14through16are based on the following recording.14.A.Protecting against junk food.B.Selling more junk food to people.C.Displaying little junk food on TV or in movies.D.Showing people happily eating unhealthy food.15.A.Because people want to be beautiful.B.Because good-looking people talk a lot.C.Because good-looking people buy a lot of products.D.Because good appearance is associated with products.16.A.He’s the boss of the BBC. B.He sells products to the BBC.C.He doesn't like any advertisements.D.He trusts anyone who admits mistakes.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.A thunderstorm accident. B.A cable problem.C.The quality of television.D.A computer system breakdown.18.A.Lightning. B.Power cut.C.Faulty wiring.D.System failure.19.A.Wait at home. B.Keep the cable disconnected.C.Keep the TV on.D.Call the cable center for help.20.A.On Saturday morning. B.On Saturday afternoon.C.On Tuesday morning.D.On Tuesday afternoon.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Intentional Travel for the CuriousFor those seeking a different adventure around every corner,the state of Florida doesn’t disappoint.Sun lovers will be fascinated by hundreds of miles of white-sand beaches(21)______they can enjoy themselves in the rays and explore aquatic(水生的)life.Naturalists can get lost in ecological wonders(22)______naturalists search the forests for local wildlife or hike some of the country’s most beautiful trails.No matter your passion,look no farther than the Sunshine State(23)______(satisfy)your scientific and cultural curiosities.Do you want the perfect combination of excitement and relaxing breaks?(24)______(locate)on Florida’s East Coast,Daytona Beach is full of things to do,places to see,and experiences of a lifetime.It is the ideal combination of physical and natural world(25)______promises to make visitors return again and again.When it comes to Florida,people often think of the beaches—and Daytona Beach has some of the best.Daytona Beach(26)______(bless)with23miles of beautiful white-sand beaches.This expansive stretch is one of the few places in the country that you(27)______actually take a drive on the beach—an activity that all who visit Daytona Beach should entertain.Take in the sights and(28)______(breathe)in the fresh air as you leisurely drive down the beach.Or park your car and grab a towel to be in the sun and perhaps enjoy(29)______(explore)Daytona Beach’s offshore reef system.To experience more of the natural world,visit Blue Spring State Park.It is where hundreds of manatees(海牛)seek warm-water shelter from late fall through early spring.Want more exposure to aquatic animals?Ecotourism is one of the best ways to see Florida’s(30)______(impressive)species.The family will love the Marine Science Center,which has a rare fish touch pool and bird observation tower.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.confirmedB.measurableC.previouslyD.determineE.trackingF.habitableG.virtuallyH.sensitiveI.protectJ.surprisedK.systemA New Exoplanet in the SystemIn2014,data from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope allowed astronomers to announce the detection of three planets orbiting Kepler-138.This was based on a(31)______dip in starlight as the planet momentarily passed in front of their star,a transit.Benneke and his colleague Diana Dragomir,from the University of New Mexico,came up with the idea of re-observing the planetary(32)______with the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes between2014and2016to catch more transits of Kepler-138d,the third planet in the system,in order to study its atmosphere.While earlier NASA Kepler space telescope observations only showed transits of three small planets around Kepler-138,Piaulet and her team were(33)______to find that the Hubble and Spitzer observations suggested the presence of a fourth planet in the system,Kepler-138e.This newly found planet is small and farther from its star than the three others,taking38days to complete an orbit. The planet is in the(34)______zone of its star,a temperate region where a planet receives just the right amount of heat from its cool star to be neither too hot nor too cold to allow the presence of liquid water.Observing the exoplanet’s transit would have allowed astronomers to(35)_______its size.With Kepler-138e,the masses of the(36)______known planets were measured again via the transit timing-variation method,which consists of(37)______small variations in the precise moments of the planets’transits in front of their star caused by the gravitational pull of other nearby planets.The researchers had another surprise:they found that the two water worlds Kepler-138c and d are twin planets,with (38)______the same size and mass,while they were previously thought to be greatly different.The closer-in planet, Kepler-138b,on the other hand,is(39)______to be a small Mars-mass planet,one of the smallest exoplanets known to date.“As our instruments and techniques become(40)______enough to find and study planets that are farther from their stars,we might start finding a lot more water worlds like Kepler-138c and d,”Benneke concluded.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Challenge-based learning is often focused on the challenges that have global impact.The students,who(41) ______the challenge,often don’t know what the solution will be.The facilitator is keeping them from(42)______a solution too early,and encourages to analyze the challenge from multiple points of view,and from different scientific perspectives,”says Vilma Sukacke,a researcher at Kaunas University of Technology(KTU),Lithuania.Such a learning approach is very fitting to sustainability education,which,according to various scholars,(43) ______a contextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨学科),collaborative,participatory,and empowered learning environment.In other words,educators have to(44)______from more traditional teacher-centred education to becoming instructional designers of student-centred education.Aiming to evaluate the(45)______of such approaches,a group of researchers from Lithuanian,Danish,German, Portuguese and Spanish universities conducted a systematic literature review,(46)______the three active learning methods,i.e.,project-,problem-and challenge-based learning according to the ADDIE(analysis,design,development, implementation,and evaluation)framework.(47)______the educators agree that problem-based learning(PBL),project-based learning(PJBL)and,more recently,challenge-based learning(CBL)are efficient in teaching the students to(48)______technology in real-life situations and improving their transversal(横向)skills,such as teamwork,communication and conflict resolution,the application of these methods in the classroom may be challenging for both sides.“In my practice,I have noticed that sometimes students are(49)______innovative learning methods and are considering them as a sort of a game.As these classes often take place in a playful environment,full of different pencils, colorful notes and building blocks,it’s difficult for the students to take them(50)______.Therefore,it’s very important to(51)______the methods and the goals to the learners very clearly,”says Professor Saule Petroniene from KTU Faculty of Social Sciences,Arts and Humanities,a co-author of the study.According to her,to successfully apply unconventional teaching methods is a challenge for a beginning teacher. However,this effort(52)______,especially when students continue their activities outside school and focus on solving (53)______social problems.Researchers believe that the(54)______of CBL,PJBL,and PBL requires a paradigm(范式)shift,where organization,staff and students change their view to education and learning.In this process,both teachers and students need to apply new skills and(55)______roles that they might not have needed before.41.A.allow B.introduce C.accept D.expect42.A.carrying on B.focusing on C.applying for D.inquiring about43.A.cares about B.tells of C.turns to D.calls for44.A.shift B.differ C.suffer D.learn45.A.outcome B.efficiency C.impact D.value46.A.exploring B.applying C.modifying D.explaining47.A.Whether B.As long as C.Although D.Because48.A.develop B.include C.associate D.integrate49.A.approving B.questioning C.preventing D.adopting50.A.affectionately B.calmly C.seriously D.coolly51.A.transfer B.change municate D.express52.A.pays off B.goes away C.gives off D.breaks down53.A.subjective B.real C.imaginary D.virtualbination anization C.realization D.cooperation55.A.take on B.put away C.send for D.deal withSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Mona Lisa,also called Portrait of Lisa Gherardini,wife of Francesco del Giocondo,Italian La Gioconda,or French La Joconde,oil painting on a wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci,is probably the world’s most famous painting.It was painted sometime between1503and1519,when Leonardo was living in Florence,and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum,Paris,attracting people throughout the world to see it in the21st century.The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination.But at least a dozen excellent copies of the Mona Lisa exist,many of them by Leonardo’s students.One such copy at the Prado Museum in Madrid was thought to have been painted years after the original.However,during the restoration of the painting in the early2010s,which included using advanced reflexology to examine the work beneath the surface,conservators discovered that the painting had changes that mirrored those of the original.The findings suggested that the artist—likely one of the master’s assistants—painted the copy as Leonardo worked on the Mona Lisa in his studio.Thus,“the Prado version”became the only known copy completed during Leonardo’s lifetime. Conservators cleaned the entire painting and removed its black background,revealing a detailed landscape resembling Leonardo’s version and vibrant colors,possibly arousing those of the original before the paint applied by early restorers darkened over time.Other copies of the Mona Lisa include so-called Isleworth Mona Lisa,which some critics claim is da Vinci’s first edition.The claim was a controversial one,with several leading Leonardo scholars flatly denying it.Numerous interpretations,often referred to as Monna Vanna,also exist and were likely completed by Leonardo’s students with occasional input from their master.In June,a copy of the Mona Lisa is said to have been sold for a record2.9million euros(22million yuan)at Christie’s in Paris.The copy is believed to have been made by a follower of Leonardo da Vinci in the early17th century and later was purchased by Harkin in1953from an art dealer in Nice,France,hence it got the name Heggin’s Mona Lisa. High imitation is also worth money!As the art investment market heats up,various art reproductions continue to emerge. Collectors have not shut out these fine copies,some of which have not only made it into the house,but also sold for high prices.Is it really worth it to pay a high price for an art reproduction?This issue is getting more and more attention from collectors.56.What can we learn about Mona Lisa in Para.1?A.This painting has been sold out.B.Her smile and identity arouse people’s curiosity.C.The painting is said to be hanging in Florence now.D.The painting was created by Leonardo da Vinci in France.57.What does“the Prado version”refer to in the passage?A.All the restored copies.B.The works of early restorers.C.A copy from the Prado Museum.D.An excellent copy of da Vinci.58.Why don’t collectors turn away these wonderful reproductions?A.Because of the entertainment.B.Because of the love for painters.C.Because of the short supply.D.Because of the high returns.59.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Mona LisaB.Other Mona LisasC.Mona Lisa’s SmileD.Mona Lisa’s ValueIf you really want to see all that Yellowstone Park has to offer,it would take you a lifetime!However,most of us do not have a lifetime to spend in Yellowstone,but in2-3full days,you will be able to hit most of the highlights.There is no such thing as racing around the park.Yellowstone has154miles of a main highway,known as the Grand Loop Road.The general park speed limit is45miles per hour but in normal traffic,you will be lucky to average30miles per hour.Figure at least an hour of driving time for every thirty miles of distance.If you plan to get off the bus and visit the park,it will take at least1.2to2hours at almost every stop.In addition,there will be any number of unscheduled stops,such as waiting for wild animals to cross the roadA suggested starting point for your tour of Yellowstone National Park is to enter through the South Gate,which is approximately sixty-two miles north of Jackson,Wyoming.Everyone comes to Yellowstone to see Old Faithful. Although,not the largest geyser(间歇泉)to erupt in the Park,it is the most reliable regarding the time of eruption.The time of the eruption,the length of the eruption and the height of the eruption vary from year to year.As you enter the Park,ask the Park Information Office if he has information on the expected times for the eruption of Old Faithful.As you drive north on the Grand Loop Road,keep an eye out for wildlife.At Grant Village Junction,turn left(west) and head toward Old Faithful Village.Once at Old Faithful Village,take some time to walk around the boardwalks and visit some of the many other geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin.Include the1.4-mile walk to Morning Glory Pool,one of the most colorful thermal(热能)features in all of Yellowstone.And do not forget to visit the Old Faithful Inn,which is the single most impressive human structure in Yellowstone.Continue on north and visit the Lower Geyser Basin.The area is scattered andfeatures regularly erupting geysers,hot springs,and a fascinating mud pool.Afterleaving the Lower Geyser Basin,continue north to Norris Junction and stay to theright to travel to Norris Geyser Basin.One of Yellowstone’s most popular geyserbasins,Norris is home to one of the Park’s most popular geysers and Steamboat.Inaddition,there are several miles of boardwalks from which you can explore dozensof multi-colored thermal features.A.Some people live in parks all their lives.B.Hardly anyone can see the whole park.C.The park can provide you with everything.D.It’s enough to spend a few days in the park.61.What does the underlined phrase“unscheduled stops”refer to?A.The walking speed of wild animals being affected.B.Travelers’stopping and going in the park.C.The vehicles’being parked in the proper area.D.The traffic’s stopping to make way for wild animals.62.Which of the following travel maps is true according to Paragraph4-5?A. B. C. D.The world is wasting the opportunity to“build back better”from the Covid-19pandemic,and faces disastrous temperature rises of at least2.7℃if countries fail to strengthen their climate commitments,according to a report from the UN.Tuesday’s publication warns that countries’current commitments would reduce carbon by only about7.5%by2030, far less than the45%cut,which scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to1.5℃,the aim of the Cop26 summit that opens in Glasgow this Sunday.António Guterres,the UN secretary-general,described the findings as a“thundering wake-up call”to world leaders, while experts called for action against fossil fuel companies.Although more than100countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century,this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters,according to the UN emissions report,which examines the shortfall between countries’intentions and actions needed on the climate.Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear,and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.Guterres said:“The heat is on,and as the contents of the report show,the leadership we need is off.Far off. Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest Covid-19finance and recovery resources in sustainable, cost-saving,planet-saving ways.As world leaders prepare for Cop26,this report is another thundering wake-up call. How many do we need?”Inger Andersen,the director of the UN Environment Programme(UNEP)said:“Climate change is no longer a future problem.It is a now problem.To stand a chance of limiting global warming to1.5℃,we have8years to almost halve greenhouse gas emissions:8years to make the plans,put in place the policies,carry them out and deliver the cuts. The clock is ticking loudly.”Emissions fell by about5.4%last year during Covid lockdowns,the report found,but only about one-fifth of the economic recovery spending goes towards reducing carbon emissions.This failure to“build back better”despite promises by governments around the world cast doubt on the world’s willingness to make the economic shift necessary to settle the climate crisis,the UN said.In the run-up to Cop26,countries were supposed to submit national plans to cut emissions–called nationally determined contributions(NDCs)–for the next decade,a requirement under the2015Paris climate agreement.But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs,and some governments had presented weak plans.63.Why were the findings described as a“thundering wake-up call”in Para.3?A.Because the world has failed to deliver on its current promises.B.Because the serious problems were brought about by global fossil fuels.C.Because a global temperature rise of at least2.7℃would be a disaster.D.Because the opportunities presented by covid-19have been wasted.64.According to the author,in what circumstances is global warming avoidable?A.New plans will be made to protect the environment.B.Measures will be taken to reduce emissions in the coming ten years.C.Transitions will be made in response to the global climate crisis.D.Global sustainable environmental resources will be greatly developed.65.What is the author’s purpose in saying“How many do we need?”in Para.5?A.To show the number of alarm clocks required.B.To inquire the number of the countries attending the meeting.C.To explain the reason for the world’s wasting chances.D.To stress the need to save energy and reduce emissions.66.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Few countries have submitted plans to reduce the emissions.B.Most of the countries work under the Paris Climate Agreement.C.Plans to cut emissions of many countries are far from satisfactory.D.Much progress in reducing emissions has been made these years.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.When it rains,water falling on the roof soon flows to the courtyard.B.Many of their houses are well-preserved today,especially in Xidi and Hongcun.C.To talk about Huizhou culture,we must first understand Huizhou.D.People carved beautiful patterns and historical stories on the walls,windows and wooden posts of their houses.E.Features of Huizhou houses display the characteristics of local people.F.Huizhou people have established many schools in the field of culture.Huizhou Architecture Comes to LifeHuizhou has a long history.When successful Huizhou businessmen got old,they often went back to their hometown and built houses to spend their remaining years.(67)__________Now,walking along the bluestone streets there, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses,featuring white walls,dark tiles(瓦片)and layered horse-head roofs,and feel like they are lost in a traditional Chinese ink painting.Huizhou architecture,with its long tradition and great diversity,occupies an important place in Chinese architectural landscape,says Zhang Wangnan,director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan.Huizhou houses tend to be built on the natural places,since Huizhou is a mountainous area with few flat areas of land,according to Zhang.Moreover,daylight is valued in Huizhou houses,reflected in the building of open interior courtyards,allowing sunshine to enter the rooms.“Huizhou businessmen also believed that water symbolizes wealth.(68)__________It stands for keeping windfall profits,”says Zhang.Huizhou is famous for its stone,wood and brick carvings,which are widely used to decorate local houses.“(69) __________In this way,they integrate their aesthetic(审美)values and emotions into the buildings,making them more beautiful and educating their children through the meanings contained in the patterns,”says Zhang.(70)__________“If you look at the outside of a Huizhou house,it seems simple,enclosed by walls,but the insides are open and broad,with complicated decorations.It is just like Huizhou people,who are often reserved toward strangers but friendly when you get to know them,”says Zhang.He also says that Ming houses differ from those of the Qing Dynasty in many aspects,for example,having fewer horse-head roofs and less complicated carvings.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.How to Stay Healthy in AutumnIn recent days,the weather in most regions is no longer hot,and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However,there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening,and the air is also drier.All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose,sore throat,dry cough,dry hair loss and other symptoms.People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn.So,here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.Do eat watery food.According to traditional Chinese medicine,autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body. Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water.In addition,you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine,eating some watery food,like pear and duck meat.Do have easily digested food.People’s spleen(脾)and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long,hot summer.So in autumn,you should give your spleen and stomach a rest.For example, you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat,such as fish and red bean.Be sure to take vitamin supplements.Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system.The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion.It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C,such as kiwi and oranges.Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength,ensure their health and enhance their immunity.In autumn,it is suggested that you go to bed at9pm,or try to fall asleep before11o’clock.If you sleep at this time,it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.不要乱扔垃圾，你会被罚款的。

专题6 并列连词、复合句及特殊句式【考情分析】并列连词的数量不多，但是在历年的高考英语试题中都能找到对并列连词进行考查的试题。

复合句是高考英语试题的高频考点，其中的特殊句式是学生必须要掌握的知识点。

【考点梳理】Part 1并列连词考点一：表示联合关系的并列连词这类并列连词有：and 意为“和，又，与”;both... and...意为“……和……都，两者都”;as well as 意为“既……又……，和”，此时an well as=with=together with= along with，此短语所在句子中的谓语动词适用就远原则;not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，此短语所在句子中的谓语动词适用就近原则;neither... nor...意为“既不……也不……”，此短语所在句子中的谓语动词适用就近原则。

这些并列连词均可连接两个对等的并列成分。

例1：...it highlights the...62________offers a...（2021年全国I卷，语法填空题）解析：and。

句中有两个谓语动词，分别是high- lights与offers，连接两个动词表并列或顺接关系时，应用and。

例2：Each volume...explores...，62_________dis- cusses...（2020年海南卷，语法填空题）解析：and 。

本句的主语是Each volume，explores 与discusses是句子的两个谓语，连接两个并列的谓语动词应用并列连词and。

考点二：表示转折关系的并列连词这类并列连词包括：but 意为“但是”，不能与al- though 连用;however 意为“然而”;yet 意为“但是，然而”，可与although连用;while意为“而，然而”，可表示对比关系。

but和however表示比较强的转折关系，而yet和while 表示比较弱的转折关系。

专题12 阅读补全之六选四【考情分析】上海高考英语六选四属于英语考试中较新的一种题型，文章一般以说明文和议论文为主，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。

出题的着眼点在于考查结构衔接、逻辑衔接和词汇衔接三个方面。

该题型的文章篇幅较短，一般控制在350个字左右，虽然文章中会挖掉完整的句子，但这些设空处在文中往往是起到概括和补充的作用，给到的正文仍然会有清晰的思路和逻辑结构，论据也较为充足。

所以，在选项个数多于题目个数的情况下，六选四考察的并不全是全文的理解程度，而是同学们对段落与句子间的语言运用精准度。

【题型分析】分值：8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，但理解难度提高。

考查方式：给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和6个选项。

要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。

有两个多余选项。

每个选项2分。

考纲解读：主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

选材特点：短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。

设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。

【考点梳理】考点一：结构衔接A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。

注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。

考点二：逻辑衔接因果关系( As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)转折关系( However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but)并列关系(first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude)递进关系( also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more)例证关系(such as /for examples/One of the examples is)考点三：词汇衔接1.代词英语表达中代词出现的频率极高2.同义词/反义词3.同一范畴词（上下义词或平行词）【解题步骤】通读全文，尤其是文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。

2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编句子翻译2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷V. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 这里是调料和零食，请随意取用。

(help)(汉译英)53. 他是个出尔反尔的人，你难道没看出来吗？(whose) (汉译英)54. 据说这款手环将融入多种支付方式，为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验。

(be said to) (汉译英)55. 基础学科拔尖创新人才的培养，事关民族科技自立，具有重大的战略意义。

(concern) (汉译英)2023届上海市金山区高考二模英语试题V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你要学会用具体的例子来更清晰地阐述你的观点。

(quote)(汉译英)73. 这部新片取材于老百姓的日常生活，所以很受欢迎。

(anchor) (汉译英)74. 帮助孩子学会解决传统习俗和现代技术之间的冲突是有挑战性的，但这是一项孩子必须掌握的技能。

(grasp) (汉译英)75. 成功人士都有一个共同点：尽管历经可怕的挫折，他们依然对生活抱以积极的态度，并凭着顽强的意志力实现自己的理想。

(What) (汉译英)2023届上海市松江区高三下学期二模英语试题V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 表弟已经康复了，约他一起爬佘山怎么样？(how about)(汉译英)73. 在这部电视剧中，他的表演浑然天成，备受赞誉。

专题15 概要写作【考情分析】试卷提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

所给短文主要以说明文、议论文及记叙文为主。

阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。

相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

【考查能力】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。

写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。

这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

【写作步骤】1.细读原文。

首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。

2.弄清要求。

新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。

3.列出原文要点。

分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。

在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

【写作技巧】1.遣词造句，使用高级词汇，正确使用复杂句型，提高文章档次。

2.衔接连贯，有效、恰当地使用连接词，使文章结构紧凑，层次清楚，过渡自然。

3.确定框架，掌握记叙文、议论文和说明文三种文体风格，找到文章的主要要点，确定写作框架。

【对点训练】句子衔接练习A .显性的衔接手段：形合法一、句型转换1．If she doesn't invite me, I will not go to her birthday party.___________ , I will not go to her birthday party.【答案】Unless; invited2．I noticed a poor dog in the park when I walked my pet dog.强调主语：强调宾语：强调地点状语：强调时间状语：【答案】It was I that/who noticed a poor dog in the park when I walked my pet dog.It was a poor dog that I noticed in the park when I walked my pet dog.It was in the park that I noticed a poor dog when I walked my pet dog.It was when I walked my pet dog that I noticed a poor dog in the park.3．The days when we were lacking in food and clothes are gone. （同义句转换）→________ ________the days when we were lacking in food and clothes.【答案】Gone are4．It was such an amazing scene that all people were attracted by it. (同义句转换)(倒装句)【答案】Such an amazing scene was it that all people were attracted by it.5．When George yawned, the conversation dropped. （用独立主格结构改写句子）【答案】George yawning, the conversation dropped.6．I must apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused you.→I must _____________________ any inconvenience it may have caused you.(apology)【答案】make an apology for7．It turned out that the man was not as brave as he had been expected.(改成以as引导的非限制性定语从句）【答案】As it turned out, the man was not as brave as he had been expected.8．There are many problems that remain to be solved.(改成非谓语动词结构）【答案】There are many problems remaining to be solved.9．After he had turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons. （用动词的-ing形式改写）【答案】Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons./After having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.10．It is said that he has been told about the news. （用动词不定式to do改写）He is said ________ told about the news.【答案】to have been11．I'll tell Jack the good news as soon as I see him.________ ________ ________ ________ Jack, I'll tell him the good news.【答案】The moment/ minute/instant I see12．Though they were lacking money,his parents managed to send him to a university. (升级为省略句)→ ________ ________money,his parents managed to send him to a university.【答案】Though lacking13．Have you found ways to make waste water clean? (改为被动语态)【答案】Have ways been found to make waste water clean (by you)?14．I concentrated my mind on the book and didn't notice my mother's appearance.With ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, I didn't notice my mother's appearance.【答案】my mind concentrated on the book15．He was strong enough to lift the heavy box. （同义句转换）He was ________ ________ ________ he could lift the heavy box.【答案】so strong that16．The supermarket is based on trust, and it is working all right. （同义句转换）→ ________ ________ ________, the supermarket is working all right.【答案】Based on trust二、按照要求完成句子1.She bought a tin of coffee. She bought a bottle of milk. （运用and连接）→ She bought a tin of coffee and a bottle of milk.2.He wants to leave. It suddenly rains. → He wants to leave but it suddenly rains.（运用but连接）3.He is a coward. It is known to all. → It is known to all that he is a coward.（运用关系代词that）4.Mrs. Brown was a doctor. You met her at my house. → Mrs. Brown who you met at my house was a doctor.（运用关系代词who）5.It was a crucial moment. Everybody decided to devote themselves to the rescue work. → It was a crucial moment when everybody decided to devote themselves to the rescue work.（运用关系副词when）6.Every summer, I travel abroad with my family or my best friends. When the new term comes, I find that my oral English gets better. So I firmly believe the book is not the only source of knowledge.Every summer, I travel abroad with my family or my best friends. After returning from my trip, I find my oral English gets better. So I firmly believe reading books is not the only way of learning English; foreign travel also facilitates language learning.三、完成短文①running，race walking is physically demanding，she says. According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里）per hour，② is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking，② fewer than running，which would probably burn about 1，000 or more calories per hour.② ，race walking does not pound the body as much as running does，Dr. Norberg says. According to her research，runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step，② race walkers，who do not leave the ground，create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.② ，she says，some of the injuries associated with running，such as runners knee，are uncommon among race walkers. ② the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips，so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. ② ，anyone wishing to try race walkingshould probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，she says. It takes some practice.参考答案：1. Like 2. which 3. though 4. However 5. while 6. As a result 7. But 8. In factB.隐性的衔接手段：意合法翻译下列句子：（1）Tom太累了，不能再走了。

专题5非谓语动词【考情分析】近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。

在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。

在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。

【考点梳理】考点一非谓语动词的形式及功能一. 非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二. 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1. 不定式①基本形式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)②被动式：to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来)③进行式：to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时：to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式：to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式：to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)例如：The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。

专题9 阅读理解之主旨大意题【考情分析】阅读文章是人类获取信息，了解世界最主要途径，高考英语试题中每年都要设置考查主旨大意的题目，这充分体现高考对同学们理解主旨要义能力的要求大大提高了，然而主旨大意题恰恰是考生的软肋，很多同学根本不知道如何下手，以下将详细解说主旨大意题的特点及解题技巧，帮助考生攻下这个堡垒。

【解题指导】我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意、明确其主旨。

因此，主旨大意题是常考题型。

主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(best title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。

【解题技巧】1. 弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。

主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。

各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。

议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

2. 找主题句的方法：用略读法(skimming)。

即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。

找主题句的四个小窍门：(1) 当段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

(2) 当首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

(3) 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

(4) 表示总结或结论的话（常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等）。

3. 关于干扰项和正确答案。

(1)干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

(2) 正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

【题型总结】在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式：(1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。

专题13 完形填空【考情分析】上海高考英语完形填空话题常选材于外刊的原汁原味的文章，原文经过整和加工，相对而言，难度较大。

高考试卷考查的词汇体系由考纲词汇、新教材词汇和外刊高频词汇组成，因此需要考生不只是背诵词汇的字面意义，要多读原汁原味的外刊，通过外刊语篇语境扩大词汇理解的深度。

【试题分析】一、文章选材方面：完形填空体裁议论文为主，夹叙夹议文，说明文次之。

二、语言结构方面：长难句较多，逻辑思辨能力强，理解难度较大，在选项词性上以实词为主，其中动词、名词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，特别注重对文章上下文语境的理解把握。

三、考点设置方面：（1）句内层次题(答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭句子本身可知答案)（2）句间层次题(答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示)所占比重较大（3）跨段（语篇）层次题(答案中整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局)考查难度较大。

主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。

偶尔会有过渡词、介词短语、动词短语、连词等。

【解题技巧】技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。

技巧二：注意逻辑关系和过渡词汇。

技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。

技巧四：注意同性或同形词的辨析。

技巧五：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。

技巧六：利用原词复现或同现,选择最佳选项。

技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。

【对点训练】一、从词汇的角度入手，包括同词、同义词、同源词、反义词、近义词、上义词和下义词等。

例1 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was B and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be anything but a failure. ”A. brightB. uselessC. simpleD. hopeful例2 Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here , at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her voice is.”The song made her go back to the days when she was Lauren’s age. As a young girl, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer She studied B in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine C in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years.1. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance2. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer例3 Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of B : agriculture, diving and mathematics.A. questionsB. subjectsC. mattersD. contents例4 Students generally appreciate these special D opportunities. They are almost always fun and interesting, and professors like them too because students learn so much in just a few short months.A. workingB. livingC. teachingD. learning例5 All of a sudden I started to feel rather C . She wondered why I was looking for this sort of B . I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.1.A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased2.A. place B. job C. advice D. help例6 That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the C of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A.benefitB. goodC. funD. interest例7Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't A your money; it only tightens it.A. loosenB. weakenC. decreaseD. reduce例8 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading. When research is B , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.A. collectedB. assignedC. distributedD. finished二、逻辑关系，包括转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、让步关系、并列关系、解释关系、顺序关系等。

专题8 事实细节题【考情分析】事实细节题是高考英语阅读理解中分布密度最大的一种题型，它考查的对象通常是一个句子或几个句子，要求考生对相关句子进行准确的识别和理解。

这类题目难度较低，但数量众多，所以做好事实细节题是阅读理解拿高分的关键。

【考点梳理】解题策略1. 直接信息题这类题目的答案可以从原文的某一句话中直接获取，正确选项大多含有相关句子的单词，只是比原句更加简短紧凑。

【典题链接】(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”24．What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?A．Read music.B．Play the piano.C．Sing songs.D．Fix the instruments.【分析】第一步找关键词：Titterton be able to do to be a page turner第二步定位到原文：根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。

信息句“I’ve learnt to read music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”第三步比对选项：由此可知，提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者，他学会识谱是为了可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。

故选A。

（2020·全国甲卷阅读D篇）Libraries，in their own way，help fight book piracy（盗版行为）and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.34. What does the author call on other writers to do？A. Sponsor book fairs.B. Write for social media.C. Support libraries.D. Purchase her novels.【点石成金】C 根据I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can可知，作者认为所有作家应当支持图书馆（后面则是就如何支持提出一些建议），C项直接由这个句子简化而来，符合题意。

2023年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷（上海B卷）参考答案I. Listening Comprehension (共25分。

1-10每题1分；11-20每题1.5分)1-5 ABBCA 6-10 DCDAD 11-13 CAD 14-16 CCB 17-20 AACDII. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20 分。

每小题1分)21．whether/if22．why23．is needed24．where25．As long as26．have spoiled27．because28．to move29．against30．more risky/riskier31．A32．C33．H34．F35．I36．J37．G38．D39．B40．KIII. Reading Comprehension (共45分。

41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)41．A42．C43．D44．B45．A46．B47．A48．C49．B50．D51．C52．B53．B54．D55．A56．D57．B58．C59．A60．D61．C62．A63．D64．B65．D66．A67．B68．F69．A70．DIV. Summary Writing (共10 分)We are increasingly aware that modern hi-tech can be bad for the planet, which includes its energy use and the hardware. The European Union has recognised the increasing electronic waste problem by adopting a key principle: producer responsibility. The new UN report suggests that all countries could do something about the problem with a change in design.V. Translation (共15分。