OG Test 2 语法题

Test 2SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-6Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answerQuestions 7-10Complete the sentences below.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-17Answer the questions below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Sea Life Centre - information11 What was the Sea Life Centre previously called? ...........12 What is the newest attraction called? ...............13 When is the main feeding time? ..................14 What can you do with a VIP ticket? ................15 What special event will the Sea Life Centre arrange for you? ...........116 Where will the petition for animal conservation be sent to? ...........17 What can you use to test what you have learnt? ............Questions 18-20What does the guide say about each attraction?Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-E, next to Questions 18-20.18 must not miss ...... ………………19 temporarily closed………20 large queues ..... ………………SECTION 3 Questions 21 -30Questions 21-22Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO subjects did Martina like best before going to university?Questions 23-26Complete the summary below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.George’s experience of universityGeorge is studying Mechanical Engineering which involves several disciplines. He is finding 23…………………the most difficult. At the moment, his course is mainly 24………………He will soon have an assig nment which involves a study of 25…………………………He thinks there are too many 26……………………………and would like less of them.Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.27 Martina thinks the students at her university areA sociableB intelligentC energetic28 George hopes that his tutor will help himA lose his shyness.B settle into university.C get to know his subject better.29 What does Martina know about her first assignment?A the topicB the lengthC the deadline30 George would like to liveA in a hall of residence.B in a flat on his own.C with a host family.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.3READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.When it comes to celebrating the flavor of food, our mouth gets all the credit. But in truth, it is the nose that knows.No matter how much we talk about tasting our favorite flavors, relishing them really depends on a combined input from our senses that we experience through mouth, tongue and nose. The taste, texture, and feel of food are what we tend to focus on, but most important are the slight puffs of air as we chew our food - what scientists call 'retronasal smell’.Certainly, our mouths and tongues have taste buds, which are receptors for the five basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami, or what is more commonly referred to as savory. But our tongues are inaccurate instruments as far as flavor is concerned.They evolved to recognize only a few basic tastes in order to quickly identify toxins, which in nature are often quite bitter or acidly sour.All the complexity, nuance, and pleasure of flavor come from the sense of smell operating in the back of the nose. It is there that a kind of alchemy occurs when we breathe up and out the passing whiffs of our chewed food. Unlike a hound's skull with its extra long nose, which evolved specifically to detect external smells, our noses have evolved to detect internal scents. Primates specialize in savoring the many millions of flavor combinations that they can create for their mouths.Taste without retronasal smell is not much help in recognizing flavor. Smell has been the most poorly understood of our senses, and only recently has neuroscience, led by Yale University's Gordon Shepherd, begun to shed light on its workings. Shepherd has come up with the term 'neuroga stronomy’ to link the disciplines of food science, neurology, psychology, and anthropology with the savory elements of eating, one of the most enjoyed of human experiences.In many ways, he is discovering that smell is rather like face recognition. The visual system detects patterns of light and dark and. building on experience, the brain creates a spatial map. It uses this to interpret the interrelationship of the patterns and draw conclusions that allow us to identify people and places. In the same way, we use5patterns and ratios to detect both new and familiar flavors. As we eat, specialized receptors in the back of the nose detect the air molecules in our meals. From signals sent by the receptors, the brain understands smells as complex spatial patterns. Using these, as well as input from the other senses, it constructs the idea of specific flavors.This ability to appreciate specific aromas turns out to be central to the pleasure we get from food, much as our ability to recognize individuals is central to the pleasures of social life. The process is so embedded in our brains that our sense of smell is critical to our enjoyment of life at large. Recent studies show that people who lose the ability to smell become socially insecure, and their overall level of happiness plummets.Working out the role of smell in flavor interests food scientists, psychologists, and cooks alike. The relatively new discipline of molecular gastronomy, especially, relies on understanding the mechanics of aroma to manipulate flavor for maximum impact. In this discipline, chefs use their knowledge of the chemical changes that take place during cooking to produce eating pleasures that go beyond the 'ordinary'. However, whereas molecular gastronomy is concerned primarily with the food or'smell’ molecules, neurogastronomy is more focused on the receptor molecules and the brain's spatial images for smell. Sm ell stimuli form what Shepherd terms ‘odor objects', stored as memories, and these have a direct link with our emotions. The brain creates images of unfamiliar smells by relating them to other more familiar smells. Go back in history and this was part of our survival repertoire; like most animals, we drew on our sense of smell, when visual information was scarce, to single out prey.Thus the brain's flavor-recognition system is a highly complex perceptual mechanism that puts all five senses to work in various combinations. Visual and sound cues contribute, such as crunching, as does touch, including the texture and feel of food on our lips and in our mouths. Then there are the taste receptors, and finally, the smell, activated when we inhale. The engagement of our emotions can be readily illustrated when we picture some of the wide-ranging facial expressions that are elicited by various foods - many of them hard-wired into our brains at birth. Consider the response to the sharpness of a lemon and compare that with the face that is welcoming the smooth wonder of chocolate. The flavor-sensing system, everreceptive to new combinations, helps to keep our brains active and flexible. It also has the power to shape our desires and ultimately our bodies. On the horizon we have the positive application of neurogastronomy: manipulating flavor to curb our appetites.Questions 1-5Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.1 According to scientists, the term……………………characterizes the most critical factor in appreciating flavour.2 ‘Savoury’ is a better-known word for…………………………………….3 The tongue was originally developed to recognize the unpleasant taste of………………………………………4 Human nasal cavities recognize…………………………much better than extern al ones.5 Gordon Shepherd uses the word ‘neurogastronomy’ to draw together a numberof………………………related to the enjoyment of eating.Questions 6-9Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answerWrite your answers in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.Questions 10-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the text for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 In what form does the brain store 'odor objects’？11 When seeing was difficult, what did we use our sense of smell to find?12 Which food item illustrates how flavour and positive emotion are linked?713 What could be controlled in the future through flavor manipulation?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-19The text on the following pages has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings (i-ix) below. Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14 P aragraph A15 P aragraph B16 P aragraph C17 P aragraph D18 Paragraph E19 Paragraph FA At first sight it looked like a typical suburban road accident. A Land Roverapproached a Chevy Tahoe estate car that had stopped at a kerb; the Land Rover pulled out and tried to pass the Tahoe just as it started off again. There was a crack of fenders and the sound of paintwork being scraped, the kind of minor mishap that occurs on roads thousands of times every day. Normally drivers getout, gesticulate, exchange insurance details and then drive off. But not on this occasion. No one got out of the cars for the simple reason that they had nohumans inside them; the Tahoe and Land Rover were being controlled bycomputers competing in November's DARPA (the U.S. Defence AdvancedResearch Projects Agency) Urban Challenge.B The idea that machines could perform to such standards is startling. Driving is acomplex task that takes humans a long time to perfect. Yet here, each car had its on-board computer loaded with a digital map and route plans, and was instructed to negotiate busy roads; differentiate between pedestrians and stationary objects;determine whether other vehicles were parked or moving off; and handle various parking manoeuvres, which robots turn out to be unexpectedly adept at. Even more striking was the fact that the collision between the robot Land Rover, built by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Tahoe, fitted out by Cornell University Artificial Intelligence (AI) experts, was the only scrape in the entire competition. Yet only three years earlier, at DARPA's previousdriverless car race, every robot competitor - directed to navigate across a stretch of open desert-either crashed or seized up before getting near the finishing line.C It is a remarkable transition that has clear implications for the car of the future. Moreimportantly, it demonstrates how robotics sciences and Artificial Intelligence have progressed in the past few years - a point stressed by Bill Gates, the Microsoft boss who is a convert to these causes. ‘The robotics industry is developing in much the same way the computer business did 30 years ago,’ he argues. As he points out, electronics companies make toys that mimic pets and children with increasing sophistication. 'I can envision a future in which robotic devices will become a nearly ubiquitous part of our day-to-day lives,’ says Gates. 'We may be on the verge of a new era, when the PC will get up off the desktop and allow us to see, hear, touch and manipulate objects in places where we are not physically present.’D What is the potential for robots and computers in the near future? ‘The fact is westill have a way to go before real robots catch up with their science fictioncounterparts,’ Gates says. So what are the stumbling blocks? One key difficulty is getting robots to know their place. This has nothing to do with class or etiquette,9but concerns the simple issue of positioning. Humansorient themselves with other objects in a room very easily. Robots find the task almost impossible. ‘Even something as simple as telling the difference between an open door and a window can be tricky for a robot,’ says Gates. This has, until recently, reduced robots to fairly static and cumbersome roles.E For a long time, researchers tried to get round the problem by attempting tore-create the visual processing that goes on in the human cortex. However, that challenge has proved to be singularly exacting and complex. So scientists have turned to simpler alternatives: 'We have become far more pragmatic in our work,’says Mello Cristianini, Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Bristol in England and associate editor of the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research.'We are no longer trying to re-create human functions. Instead, we are looking for simpler solutions with basic electronic sensors, for example.’ This approach is exemplified by vacuuming robots such as the Electrolux Trilobite. The Trilobite scuttles around homes emitting ultrasound signals to create maps of rooms, which are remembered for future cleaning. Technology like this is now changing the face of robotics, says philosopher Ron Chrisley, director of the Centre for Research in Cognitive Science at the University of Sussex in England.F Last year, a new Hong Kong restaurant, Robot Kitchen, opened with a couple ofsensor-laden humanoid machines directing customers to their seats. Eachpossesses a touch-screen on which orders can be keyed in. The robot thenreturns with the correct dishes. In Japan, University of Tokyo researchers recently unveiled a kitchen 'android7 that could wash dishes, pour tea and make a few limited meals. The ultimate aim is to provide robot home helpers for the sick and the elderly, a key concern in a country like Japan where 22 per cent of thepopulation is 65 or older. Over US$1 billion a year is spent on research into robots that will be able to care for the elderly. 'Robots first learn basic competence-how to move around a house without bumping into things. Then we can think aboutteaching them how to interact with humans,’ Chrisley said. Machines such as these take researchers into the field of socialized robotics: how to make robots act in a way that does not scare or offend individuals. 'We need to study how robots should approach people, how they should appear. That is going to be a key area for future research,’ adds Chrisley.Questions 20-23Look at the following statements (Questions 20-23) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A, B or C.Write the correct letter in boxes 20-23 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.A Bill GatesB Nello CristianiniC Ron Chrisley20 An important concern for scientists is to ensure that robots do not seemfrightening.21 We have stopped trying to enable robots to perceive objects as humans do.22 It will take considerable time for modern robots to match the ones we havecreated in films and books.23 We need to enable robots to move freely before we think about trying tocommunicate with them.Questions 24-26Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.It’s your choice! - Or is it really?As we move from the industrial age to the information age, societal demands on our mental capabilities are no less taxing……We are constantly required to process a wide range of information to make decisions.11Sometimes, these decisions are trivial, such as what marmalade to buy. At other times, the stakes are higher, such as deciding which symptoms to report to the doctor. However, the fact that we are accustomed to processing large amounts of information does not mean that are better at it (Chabris & Simons, 2009). Our sensory and cognitive systems have systematic ways of failing of which we are often, perhaps blissfully, unaware.Imagine that you are taking a walk in your local city park when a tourist approaches you asking for directions. During the conversation, two men carrying a door pass between the two of you. If the person asking for directions had changed places with one of the people carrying the door, would you notice? Research suggests that you might not. Harvard psychologists Simons and Levi (1998) conducted a field study using this exact set-up and found that the change in identity went unnoticed by 7 (46.6%) of the 15 participants. This phenomenon has been termed 'change blindness' and refers to the difficulty that observers have in noticing changes to visual scenes (e.g. the person swap), when the changes are accompanied by some other visual disturbance (e.g. the passing of the door).Over the past decade, the change blindness phenomenon has been replicated many times. Especially noteworthy is an experiment by Davies and Hine (2007) who studied whether change blindness affects eyewitness identification. Specifically, participants were presented with a video enactment of a burglary. In the video, a man entered a house, walking through the different rooms and putting valuables into a knapsack. However, the identity of theburglar changed after the first half of the film while the initial burglar was out of sight. Out of the 80 participants, 49 (61%) did not notice the change of the burglar's identity, suggesting that change blindness may have serious implications for criminal proceedings.To most of us, it seems bizarre that people could miss such obvious changes while they are paying active attention. However, to catch those changes, attention must be targeted to the changing feature. In the study described above, participants were likely not to have been expecting the change to happen, and so their attention may have been focused on the valuables the burglar was stealing, rather than the burglar. Drawing from change blindness research, scientists have come to the conclusion that we perceive the world in much less detail than previously thought (Johansson, Hall, &Sikstrom, 2008). Rather than monitoring all of the visual details that surround us, we seem to focus our attention only on those features that are currently meaningful or important ignoring those that are irrelevant to our current needs and goals. Thus at any given time, our representation of the world surrounding us is crude and incomplete, making it possible for changes or manipulations to go undetected (Chabris & Simons, 2010).Given the difficulty people have in noticing changes to visual stimuli, one may wonder what would happen if these changes concerned the decisions people make. To examine choice blindness, Hall and colleagues (2010) invited supermarket customers to sample two different kinds of jams and teas. After participants had tasted or smelled both samples, they indicated which one they preferred. Subsequently, they were purportedly given another sample of their preferred choice. On half of the trials, however, these were samples of the non-chosen jam or tea. As expected, only about one-third of the participants detected this manipulation. Based on these findings, Hall and colleagues proposed that choice blindness is a phenomenon that occurs not only for choices involving visual material, but also for choices involving gustatory and olfactory information.Recently, the phenomenon has also been replicated for choices involving auditory stimuli (Sauerland, Sagana, & Otgaar, 2012). Specifically, participants had to listen to three pairs of voices and decide for each pair which voice they found more sympathetic or more criminal. The voice was then presented again; however, the outcome was manipulated for the second voice pair and participants were presented with the non-chosen voice. Replicating the findings by Hall and colleagues, only 29% of the participants detected this change.Merckelbach, Jelicic, and Pieters (2011) investigated choice blindness for intensity ratings of one's own psychological symptoms. Their participants had to rate the frequency with which they experienced 90 common symptoms (e.g. anxiety, lack of concentration, stress, headaches etc.) on a 5-point scale. Prior to a follow-up interview, the researchers inflated ratings for two symptoms by two points. For example, when participants had rated their feelings of shyness, as 2 (i.e. occasionally), it was changed to 4 (i.e. all the time). This time, more than half (57%) of the 28 participants were blind to the symptom rating escalation and accepted it as their own symptom intensity rating. This demonstrates that blindness is not limited to13recent preference selections, but can also occur for intensity and frequency. Together, these studies suggest that choice blindness can occur in a wide variety of situations and can have serious implications for medical and judicial outcomes. Future research is needed to determine how, in those situations, choice blindness can be avoided. Questions 27-31Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the text?In boxes-27-31 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this27 Doctors make decisions according to the symptoms that a patient describes.28 Our ability to deal with a lot of input material has improved over time.29 We tend to know when we have made an error of judgement.30 A legal trial could be significantly affected by change blindness31 Scientists have concluded that we try to take in as much detail as possible fromour surroundingsQuestions 32-36Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answerWrite your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.Questions 37-38Choose TWO letters. A-EWhich TWO statements are true for both the supermarket and voice experiments? Write your answers in boxes 37-38 on your answer sheet.A The researchers focused on non-visual material.B The participants were asked to explain their preferences.C Some of the choices made by participants were altered.D The participants were influenced by each other s choices.E Percentage results were surprisingly low.Questions 39-40Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO statements are true for the psychology experiment conducted by Merckelbach, Jelicic, and Pieters?Write your answers in boxes 39—40 on your answer sheet.A The participants had to select their two most common symptoms.B The participants gave each symptom a 1-5 rating.C Shyness proved to be the most highly rated symptom.D The participants changed their minds about some of their ratings.E The researchers focused on the strength and regularity of symptoms.15WRITING TASKYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.。

题源题目答案大类OG-Test8-Section 21. Residents of the secludedisland fear that ______commercial development will______ their quiet way of life.A. widespread…reinforceB. waning…harmC. diminishing…reformD. encroaching…disturbE. further (i)D反义重复OG-Test8-Section 22. Though it is oftenexclusively ______ Brazil, theAmazon jungle actually ______parts of eight other SouthAmerican countries.A. protected by…threatensB. located in…bypassesC. limited to…touchesD. surrounded by…bordersE. associated with…coversE反义重复OG-Test8-Section 23. Sandra Gilbert and SusanGubar's recent book presents a______ of detail, providing farmore information than one caneasily digest.A. modicumB. discrepancyC. surfeitD. deficitE. juxtapositionC反义重复OG-Test8-Section 24. More ______ than herpredecessor, SuperintendentReynolds would, many predicted,have a far less ______ term ofoffice.A. phlegmatic…apatheticB. conciliatory…confrontationalC. empathetic…compassionateD. vigilant…reputableE. penurious…frugalB反义重复OG-Test8-Section 25. Galloping technologicalprogress has made consumers______: advances undreamed of ageneration ago are so commonthat they seem humdrum.A. flabbergastedB. miffedC. jadedD. waryE. embitteredC同义重复OG-Test9-Section 41.Initially only the carpeting outside therestroom was______by water from theburst pipe;eventually the entire hallwayflooded.A. divertedB. confinedC. scuttledD. cleansedE. drenchedE同义OG-Test9-Section munal nests have advantagesand disadvantages for animals to______body heat,but leave them more______ to discovery by predators.A. insure…inclinedB. maintain…vulnerableC. squander…liableD. stimulate…resistantE. retain…immuneB反义OG-Test9-Section 43.He displayed a nearly pathological______,insisting on knowing everydetail of his friends' lives.A. orderlinessB. credulityC. curiosityD. shynessE. morbidityC同义OG-Test9-Section 44.Despite global efforts to______malaria,this mosquito-borne diseasecontinues to______:the World HealthOrganization estimates that it stillaffects up to 500 million people a year.A. cure…flagB. foster…thriveC. combat…abateD. scrutinize…prosperE. eradicate…flourishE反义OG-Test9-Section 45.Although condemned by the reviewpanel,to film critic Pauline Kael themovie seemed entirely______andunlikely to offend.A. impressionableB. innocuousC. unsuitableD. insensitiveE. unapproachableB反义OG-Test9-Section 46.The reviewer characterized MadonnaSwan-Abdalla's autobiography as aportrait of an______person,one whoprevailed against great odds.A. empatheticB. indomitableC. expeditiousD. idiosyncraticE. astuteB同义OG-Test9-Section 47.Although it stayed in business forseveral months,the company wasactually______and met its financialobligations only by engaging in______activities.A. insolvent…fraudulentB. prudent…speculativeC. autonomous…subordinateD. bankrupt…charitableE. stable…manipulativeA反义OG-Test9-Section 48.Mary Shelley's Frankenstein centerson a scientist's______,the overweeningpride that makes him believe he canusurp nature.A. obstinacyB. hubrisC. impetuosityD. valorE. callousnessB同义OG-Test9-Section 61.May Sarton had a______career:it_______from1929,when Poetrymagazine published her early sonnets,to1994,when her last collection ofpoems came out.A. limited…developedB. diverse…founderedC. variable…declinedD. lengthy…lastedE. sedate…soaredD同义OG-Test9-Section 62.Recent data recording a bottlenosewhale's phenomenal dive of over4700feet______earlier______that suchwhales were among the sea's deepestdivers.A. refuted…theoriesB. challenged…predictionsC. confirmed…speculationsD. validated…disclaimersE. substantiated…doubtsC同义OG-Test 9-Section 63.The residents of the town lived ______lives;no one indulged in wild or ______ behavior.A. rambunctious…indecentB. extravagant…excessiveC. secluded…scrupulousD. circumscribed…impulsiveE. irreverent…animatedD 同义OG-Test 9-Section 64.The study's warning that monkey populationsweredeclininginGuatemala and Mexico was ______bynew evidence that nearby populations along the Belize River were ______.A. corroborated…prospering B. confirmed…extant C. belied…dwindling D. diminished…debilitated E. tempered…thriving E 同义OG-Test 9-Section 65.Thestaffcomplainedthatmanagement was ______,focusing on short-term profits while disregarding thelong-term welfare of the corporation.A. irresoluteB. officiousC. rancorousD. punctiliousE. myopicE 同义OG-Test10-Section 61.Much interpersonalcommunication is implicit in ______, expressive movements.A. exposesB. verbalizationsC. gesturesD. cognitionsE. intuitionsC 同义重复OG-Test10-Section 62. By virtue of her extensive experience and her ______ of practical knowledge, 87-year-old Louisa Vigil was ______ by her family in New Mexico as its chief advice-giver andmatriarch.A. store…condemnB. supply…dismissedC. wealth…regardedD. modicum…abandonedE. deficit…praisedC 同义重复OG-Test10-Section 63. Castillo's poetry has generated only enthusiastic response: praise from thegeneral public and ______ from the major critics.A. condemnationB. sarcasmC. plauditsD. ironyE. PathosC 语法关系OG-Test10-Section 64. The twigs of this shrub have s signature ______ whose pungency enables people to_______ the shrub even in winter when its leaves have fallen.A. scent…cultivateB. flavor…concealC. appearance…recognizeD. texture…locateE. aroma…identifyE 同义重复OG-Test10-Section 65. The announcement that the city would raze the landmark school building was such a distressing ______ that it provoked an outcry.A. disclosureB. evaluationC. liberationD. instanceE. inquiryA 同义重复OG-Test10-Section 91. Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris co-wrote The Crown of Columbus, a ______ effort successfully mingling their individual styles writers.A. stratifiedB. fitfulC. collaborativeD. vicariousE. CorrespondingC 语法关系OG-Test10-Section 92. The eager members of the audience found the lecture topic ______ but unfortunately the lecturer's droning voice had a ______ effect.A. interesting…rousingB. advantageous…beneficialC. rudimentary…reassuringD. insipid…blandE. stimulating…soporificE 反义重复OG-Test10-Section 93. Displays in the Australian Museum's exhibition on dinosaurs are designed to be touched,offering visitors ______experience.A. an odoriferousB. an archaicC. an auralD. a rusticE. a tactileE 同义重复OG-Test10-Section 94. The magician's ______astonished us; her deft performance proved the oldsaying that the hand is quicker than the eye.A. discernmentB. tenacityC. hilarityD. adroitnessE. InsecurityD 语法关系OG-Test10-Section 95.Although Keller achievednational ______ as a hero, his lamentable ______ in the political arena soon became painfully apparent.A. recognition…versatilityB. ignominy…inadequacyC. prestige…finesseD. prominence…ineptitudeE. notoriety…rectitudeD 反义重复OG-Test10-Section 96. The professor argued that every grassroots movement needs ______: without this declaration of motives, there can be no cohesive organization.A. an invocationB. a prospectusC. a manifestoD. an arbitrationE. a mandateC 语法关系OG-Test1-Section 2Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's ______proved keenest when heaccurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia.A. foresight B. nostalgia C. folly D. despair E. artistryA 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 22. The simple and direct images in Dorothea Lange's photographs provide ______ reflection of a bygone social milieu.A. an intricateB. a candidC. an ostentatiousD. a fictionalE. a convoluted B 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 23. Kate's impulsive nature and sudden whims led her friends to label her ______.A. capricious B. bombastic C. loquacious D. dispassionate E. decorous A 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 24. Neurosurgeon Alexa Canady maintained that choosing a career was a visceral decision rather than ______ judgment;that is, it was not so much rational as ______.A. an emotional…intellectualB. a chance…randomC. an intuitive…impulsiveD. a deliberate…instinctiveE. an intentional…logicalA. meddle…scoff atB. temporized…prolongC. misbehave…disruptD. sneer…terminateE. withdraw…intrude inD 反义重复OG-Test1-Section 21. Known for her ______, Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.A. cowardiceB. prudenceC. hospitalityD. aloofnessE. loyaltyC 语法关系OG-Test1-Section 22. Not surprisingly, supporters of the governor's plan to set aside land for a forest preserve were disappointed when a court decision ______ the plan.A. applauded B. derailedC. acknowledgedD. permittedE. anticipated B 反义重复OG-Test1-Section 23. Because playing a musical instrument increases brain activity, it is sometimes used as a ______ to promote learning in children.A. conditionB. highlightC. stimulusD. dictumE. respiteC 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 25. Creative business stratagems frequently become ______ as a result of ______, theirversatility and adaptability destroyed by theirtransformation into rigid policies.A. streamlined…infighting B. mitigated…jingoismC. ossified…bureaucratizationD. politicized…innovationE. venerable…legislationC 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 54. The ambassador argues that,in diplomacy, there is a subtle but important difference between a country's showing awillingness to ______ and a too-obvious readiness to make ______.A. negotiate…concessionsB. antagonize…friendsC. surrender…enemiesD. dominate…inquiriesE. equivocate…denunciationsA 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 56. Lewis Latimer's inexpensive method of producing carbon filaments ______ the nascent electric industry by making electric lamps commercially ______.A. cheapened…affordableB. transformed…viableC. revolutionized…prohibitiveD. provoked…improbableE. stimulated…inaccessibleB 反义重复OG-Test1-Section 57. After winning the award,Phillip adopted a haughty pose,treating even his best friends in a ______ manner.A. cryptic B. judicious C. jubilantD. superciliousE. pugnaciousD 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 58. The general was so widely suspected of ______ during the war that his name eventually became synonymous with disloyalty.A. belligerenceB. indigenceC. perfidyD. aspersionE. tenacityC 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 91. The prose of Richard Wright's autobiographical Black Boy (1945) is ______, free ofstylistic tricks or evasiveness.A. impreciseB. straightforwardC. deficientD. obtrusiveE. ellipticalB 反义重复OG-Test1-Section 92. It seemed from the size of the crowd, which was ______, and the resonance of its cheers,which were ______, that the team was experiencing a resurgence of popularity.A. vast…hollowB. sparse…thunderousC. enormous…deafeningD. unimpressive…mutedE. negligible…rousing C 语法重复OG-Test1-Section 93. Evidence that the universe is expanding ______ our perception of the cosmos and thus caused a ______ in astronomical thinking.A. advanced…setback B. altered…revolution C. contradicted…truce D. reinforced…crisis E. halted…breakthroughB 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 94. Although the theory that widespread lead poisoning contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire has gained ______, the evidence is still ______.A. credence…irrefutableB. disrepute…dubiousC. acceptance…convincingD. momentum…systematicE. currency…inconclusiveE 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 95. The fashion designer favored fabrics that were so ______ as to be virtually transparent.A. palpable B. diaphanous C. variegated D. luxurious E. anomalousB 同义重复OG-Test1-Section 96. Professor Williams disdained tradition: she regularlyattacked cherished beliefs and institutions, earning areputation as ______.A. an egalitarianB. a dowagerC. a dilettanteD. an iconoclastE. a purveyor D 语法重复OG-Test3-section42 One requirement of timeless art is that it deepen and ___our awareness, not that it merely confirm what we already know.(A). hinder (B). reconcile (C). control (D). soothe (E). extend E 同义重复OG-Test3-section43 Despairing that the performance of the chief executive would ever improve,the corporation’s board of directors took decisive action and ___ him.(A). coddled (B). taunted (C). prodded (D). ousted (E). chided D 同义重复OG-Test3-section4 4 The discovery of the fossil was ___ and ___, surprising scientists and undermining accepted theories about plant distribution.(A). exhilarating … banal (B). shocking … prophetic(C). startling … revolutionary(D). appalling … groundbreaking (E). unanticipated … irrelevant C同义重复OG-Test3-section45 Citing the ___ of the AsianAmerican community, the scholarargued that Asian Americansconstituted the region’sfastest-growing minoritypopulation.(A). digression(B). proximity(C). expansion(D).stabilization(E). correlationC同义重复OG-Test3-section47 Before becoming a stockbroker,Victoria Woodhull had a careeras a ___, someone believed tohave insights about eventsbeyond ordinary humanperception.(A). mentor(B). profiteer(C). counterfeiter(D).clairvoyant(E). propagandistD同义重复OG-Test3-section48 The judges for the chilicompetition were ___, notingsubtle differences betweendishes that most people wouldnot detect.(A). obscure(B). deferential(C). discriminating(D).sanctimonious(E). unrelentingC同义重复OG-Test3-section41 Extensive travel affordedLangston Hughes a ___perspective, but it was Harlemthat served as the creative ___for his writing.(A). cosmopolitan … defense(B). worldly … inspiration(C). moral … obligation(D). stunted … condition(E). limited … centerB同义重复OG-Test3-section46 Far from being ___, bears insome national parks aresurprisingly ___ when approachedby humans; still, visitors mustexercise caution.(A). benign … cantankerous(B). reticent … bellicose(C). complacent … docile(D).aggressive … placid(E). playful … friskyD反义重复OG-Test3-section72 Popular interest in musicperformed by folk singer JeanRitchie acted as a ___ becauseit ___ a wider interest in themusic of Ritchie’s nativeKentucky.(A). deterrent … launched(B). panacea … overcame(C). barrier … awakened(D).catalyst … stirred(E). provocation … mitigatedD同义重复OG-Test3-section73 Oceanographers have identifiedmore than 50 “dead zones”around the world: areas of seathat various forms of pollutionshave rendered ___ life.(A).conducive to(B).invaluable to(C).imperative to(D).indistinguishable from(E).bereft ofE同义重复OG-Test3-section74 The few female physicianspracticing at the end of thenineteenth century might beconsidered ___ because theyconstituted a very smallpercentage of all physicians.(A).miscreants(B).revisionists(C).anomalies(D).pacifists(E).extremistsC同义重复OG-Test3-section75 Rose smiled approvingly butgave neither written nor spokenpermission to proceed with theproject: her consent, in short,was ___.(A).tacit(B).fervent(C).unqualified(D).impetuous(E).conditionalA同义重复OG-Test3-section71 Although the archaeologist ___the symbols on the cave wall,she was unable to ___ thembecause they were too faint.(A). replicated … ignore(B). perused … discard(C). obliterated … translate(D).recollected … conceal(E). scrutinized … decipherE反义重复OG-Test3-section92 Despite his brilliant career,Gerald was plagued by doubts andcould not ___ his feelings of___.(A).imagine … worthlessness(B).reconcile … superiority(C).embrace … insecurity(D).dispel … inferiority(E).fathom … levityD反义重复OG-Test3-section93 Jane was both ___ and ___: shewas blatantly proud andoffensively bold.(A).haughty … impudent(B).irresolute … insolent(C).presumptuous … loquacious(D).arrogant … articulate(E).reverential … contemptuousA同义重复OG-Test3-section94 New Zealand and Spain canaccurately be described as ___because they are diametricallyopposite one another on theglobe.(A).satellites(B).antipodes(C).reversals(D).bifurcations(E).dichotomiesB同义重复OG-Test3-section9 5 Ken took his ___ obligations seriously, patiently caring for his mother throughout her longrecuperation.(A).filial(B).symbiotic (C).avuncular(D).convivial(E).funeraryA同义重复OG-Test3-section9 6 The second produced by the youth orchestra was so ___ that even its least experiencedmembers were abashed.(A).cacophonous(B).syncopated (C).harmonic(D).collaborative(E).mellifluousA同义重复OG-Test3-section9 1 Paradoxically, during the French Revolution, the very leaders who proclaimed ___philosophies sometimes alsoengaged in ___ practice.(A).regal ... imperial (B).simplistic … neutral(C).liberating … repressive(D).totalitarian … absolutist (E).scandalous … compromisedC反义重复OG-Test4-Section 55. The dancer's performing style was ______ and ______, with each move taken from another artist,and poorly executed at that.A. rousing…memorableB. pedestrian…evolvingC. chaotic…unprecedentedD. derivative…ineptE. spontaneous…gracelessD同义重复OG-Test6-Section 31. The rebels saw the hugestatue of the dictator as ______of the totalitarian regime andswiftly toppled the monument.A an indictmentB an illusionC a copyD symbolE mockery D同义重复OG-Test6-Section 32.Residents of the isolatedisland were forced to master the art of navigation, becoming theocean's most ______ sailors.A adeptB temperamentalC congenialD vulnerableE reclusiveA语法关系OG-Test6-Section 33. The spotted bowerbird has a ______ for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to _______ cutlery,coins, thimbles, nails, screws,even car keys.A. knack…assessB. penchant…pilferC. purpose…dispenseD. predilection…disturbE. remedy…raidA语法关系OG-Test6-Section 34. Not only was the science of Hildegard of Bingen ______ her theology, but her religious visions helped give herscientific works ______ bywinning her the support ofmedieval church authorities.A. inseparable from…legitimacyB. unconcerned with…prestigeC. derived from…profundityD. related to …accuracyE. diminished by…detachmentB同义重复OG-Test6-Section 35. Opponents of the research institute label it ______anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have ______rivalingthose of pre-RevolutionaryFrench nobility.A. an elitist…perquisitesB. a monarchical…tribulationsC. an irreproachable…luxuriesD. a reprehensible…afflictionsE. a commendable…privilegesA语法关系OG-Test6-Section 71. O'Leary tolerates worms and snakes but is_______ aboutinsects: he has an exaggeratedfear of them.A. agnosticB. eclecticC. empiricD. phobicE. quixotic D反义重复OG-Test6-Section 72. The challenge facing public health officials is to ______ an outbreak of disease and then ______ that school-children areimmunized. A.foster…provide B. predict…allegeC. sustain…questionD. effect…ascertainE. anticipate…ensureE同义重复OG-Test6-Section 73. Guests at the party found the general merriment infectious and were won over by the party's______.A. presumptionB. gaietyC. conspicuousnessD. unexpectednessE. brevityB同义重复OG-Test6-Section 74. Demagogues do not deserve full blame for last summer's public hysteria: although they turned the mood to theirpolitical advantage, they didnot actually ______ it.A. opposeB. subdueC. createD. postponeE. confirmC语法关系OG-Test6-Section 75. Orangutans are ______ apes:they typically conduct most of their lives up in the trees oftropical rain forests.A. indigenousB. transitoryC. recessiveD. pliantE. arborealE语法关系OG-Test6-Section 76. Since establishing theChildren's Defense Fund in 1973,Marian Wright Edelman has been an ______ advocate, steadfastand constant.A. unwittingB. unswervingC. inhibitingD. elusiveE. antagonistic B同义重复OG-Test6-Section 77. The author ______ the last act of her play to appease those critics who ______ the work forits brevity.A. eliminated…extolledB. condensed…censuredC. expanded…disparagedD. intensified…glorifiedE. rearranged…endorsedC 同义重复OG-Test6-Section 78. The editorial claimed that the gubernatorial candidate lacked worldly wisdom and that this ______ would likely be hisundoing.A. naïvetéB. furtivenessC. venalityD. indecisivenessE. sarcasmA 同义重复OG-Test6-Section 91. In the 1960's Americans______ Jean Toomer's 1923 book Cane when an interest in Black culture ______ many of them toread the classic of Blackfiction.A. neglected…coercedB. rediscovered…inspiredC. limited…requiredD. collected…allowedE. circulated…disinclinedB 同义重复OG-Test6-Section 92. In addition to ______ stacks of resumes and references some employers want to ______ the hiring process by employing graphologists to studyapplicants' handwriting forcharacter analysis.A. evaluating…supplementB. envisioning…circumventC. ignoring…depersonalizeD. ameliorating…revisitE. condoning…belaborA 同义重复OG-Test6-Section 93. Tame koala bears handled by tourists are ______, but wild koalas are hard to control and typically require two people tohold them.A. mischievousB. gluttonousC. suppleD. adroitE. docile E 反义重复OG-Test6-Section 94. Ms. Rivers gave a performance of noteworthy ______: her piano repertoire ranged from classicalmusic to jazz.A. intensityB. precisionC. scopeD. polishE. durationC语法关系OG-Test6-Section 95. The skepticism of someancient philosophers ______ and helps to elucidate varieties of nihilism that appeared in theearly nineteenth century.A. suppressesB. disseminatesC. underminesD. confoundsE. foreshadowsE同义重复OG-Test6-Section 96. Some critics of congressional proceedings contend thatimportant debates on issues are marred by a ______ ofdenunciations and accusationsthat precludes ______ discourse.A. repertory…expendableB. paucity…meaningfulC. barrage…libelousD. rehash…repetitiveE. cacophony…orderlyE同义重复OG-Test7-Section 2 1 Like many other groups ofpeople in the United States who have needed laws to ___ equal rights, Americans withdisabilities have had to ___legislation addressing their concerns.(A). guarantee … lobby for(B). preclude … enact(C). ascertain … consolidate(D). compound … contend with (E). suppress … ratifyA同义重复OG-Test7-Section 3 2 The café attracts a ___clientele: a startlinglyheterogeneous group of peoplecollects there.(A). motley(B). callous (C). languid(D). mysterious(E). humane A同义重复OG-Test7-Section 4 3 The second edition of thetextbook provides ___ footnotes;since the first edition, the editors have apparently ___ agreat deal of background data.(A). meager … accumulated (B). illegible … clarified(C). copious … amassed(D). voluminous … excised (E). monotonous … embellished C同义重复OG-Test7-Section 5 4 Professor Fernandez has been ___ about most of thepurportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actionswere, on the contrary, ___.(A). dubious … self-serving (B). enthusiastic …contemptible(C). disparaging … sporadic(D). excited … gratuitous(E). disillusioned … benevolent A反义重复OG-Test7-Section 6 5 Concrete is ___ of manymaterials, a composite of rocks,pebbles, sand, and cement.(A). a conflagration (B). a distillation (C). a concordance(D). an aberration(E). an amalgamationE同义重复OG-Test7-Section 81. Eduardo was ______ to find that the editorial he had written was ______ by several typographical errors.A. dismayed…authenticatedB. overjoyed…exacerbatedC. intrigued…envelopedD. prepared…enhancedE. embarrassed…marred E同义重复OG-Test7-Section 82. In order to ______ the loss of natural wetlands used by migrating snow geese,conservationists in the 1960's and 1970's ______ wetland refuges in the northern prairies.A. standardize…ignored B. offset…surrendered C. explain…dismantledD. compensate for…establishedE. account for…administered D 反义重复OG-Test7-Section 83. Frequently used as a spice,ginger also has ______properties: it can be used to help treat coughs, colds, and upset stomachs.A. timeworn B. invariable C. edible D. curative E. descriptive C 同义重复OG-Test7-Section 84. The scientific organization ______ the newspaper for prominently covering thepredictions of a psychic while ______ to report on major research conference.A. celebrated…failingB. promoted…refusingC. denounced…neglectingD. spurned…hasteningE. honored…optingC 反义重复OG-Test7-Section 85. The colors and patterns on butterflies' wings may seem merely ______, but they are actually ______ the survival of these insects, enabling them to attract mates and to hide from predators.A. artificial…defendant on B. unique…unnecessary toC. decorative…instrumental inD. beautiful…results ofE. unrelated…precursors ofD 句间：反义重复OG-Test7-Section 86. A discerning publishing agent can ______ promising material from a mass of submissions,separating the good from the bad.A. supplantB. dramatizeC. finagleD. winnowE. overhaulD 同义重复OG-test7-section51 The depiction of the ___ wolf is largely a misconception;wolves are ___ creatures that prefer to run in packs.(A). howling … noisy(B). maternal … shy (C). lone … social(D). vicious … dangerous (E). hungry … famished C同义重复OG-test7-section52 Jazz pioneer Louis Armstrong is renowned for hisimprovisations on the trumpet;his innovations as a vocalist are equally ___.(A). obscure (B). severe(C). conventional (D). erroneous (E). noteworthyE 同义重复OG-test7-section53 Andrew’s hunch that Ms. Smith would lose the election was ___when her opponent won in alandslide, proving Andrew’s ___to be correct.(A). compromised … prediction(B). rejected … insolence (C). substantiated …endorsement(D). confirmed … intuition (E). belied … retractionD同义重复OG-test7-section54 The medicine does have asalutary effect by ___ pain,even if recent studies provethat it cannot eliminate suchdiscomfort entirely.(A). alleviating(B). distracting(C). revitalizing(D).eradicating(E). augmentingA同义重复OG-test7-section55 The intern was almost too ___;he felt the suffering of hispatients as if it were his own.(A). candid(B). disarming(C). empathetic(D). insightful(E). hystericalC同义重复OG-test7-section56 As the charismatic speakerleft the podium, she wassurrounded by ___ of zealoussupporters who ___ our attemptsto approach her.(A). an entourage … interferedwith(B). a debacle … concurred with(C). a faction … pertained to(D). a dearth … intercepted(E). a coalition … encompassedA同义重复OG-test7-section57 Sally was a lighthearted andeven-tempered woman; she hadnone of her sister’s ___.(A). affluence(B). affability(C). equanimity(D). resilience(E). truculenceE同义重复OG-test7-section58 Because postmodernist criticsoften rely on ___ language,their prose frequently seems ___to nonspecialists who fail tocomprehend its meaning.(A). accessible … abstruse(B). arcane … unequivocal(C). esoteric … impenetrable(D). hackneyed … exotic(E). lucid … gratingC同义重复。

OG官方给的真题是参加新老SAT备考必做的题，这不光光说这些题是官方给出的，重要的是从这些题中，细心总结，就能够发现考点和常考的类型就在里面。

今天就多套新老OG 给出的官方测试题，总结一下SAT语法中常考的词汇，希望同学们能够认真记忆。

1. as +adj./adv.+as (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 6/06年1月)2. either…or… (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 3/新OG Test 4)3. be grateful for doing (老OG Test 1)4. sth. be familiar to sb./sb. be familiar with sth. (老OG Test 1、08年5月)5. prevent …from doing (老OG Test 1/老OC Test 1/09年5月)6. discourage…from doing (老OG Test 1)7. keep…from doing (老OG Test 1)8. as much…as…(老OG Test 1)9. an appraisal of…. (老OG Test 1)10. be determined by (老OG Test 1)11. be identified by…as… (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 2)12. preoccupation with (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 4)13. count on (老OG Test 1)14. a determination to do (老OG Test 1)15. be prized for (老OG Test 1/新OC Test 1)16. think it +adj.+to do (新OG Test 1)17. neither…nor (新OG Test 1/新OG Test 2)18. be contrary to (新OG Test 1)19. at a distance (新OG Test 1)20. be capable of doing (新OG Test 1/老OC Test 3/05年10月/09年5月)21. long since forgotten (新OG Test 1)22. require sb. to do (新OG Test 1/05年3月/08年1月)23. be certified as (新OG Test 1)24. In addition to doing (新OG Test 2)25. a means of (新OG Test 2/06年1月)26. obsession with (新OG Test 2/新OC Test 1)27. arrive in/at (新OG Test 2)28. offers of (新OG Test 2)29. help sb. with (新OG Test 2)30. inauguration of (新OG Test 2)31. fight back to (新OG Test 3)32. differ from (新OG Test 3)33. gain the respect of (新OG Test 3)34. depend on…for (新OG Test 4)35. vote against (新OG Test 4)36. hope to do (新OG Test 4)37. be honored by…as…(新OG Test 4)38. account for (新OG Test 4/新OG Test 10)39. be absorbed in (新OG Test 4)40. use…to do (新OG Test 5/老OC Test 4)41. be sensitive to doing (新OG Test 5)42. keep sth. off (新OG Test 5)43. be disruptive to (新OG Test 6)44. be necessary for (新OG Test 6)45. a threat to doing/sth. (新OG Test 6/新OG Test 10)46. take pride in (新OG Test 6)47. apprehension about (新OG Test 6)48. be sympathetic for (新OG Test 6)49. the reason be that (新OG Test 6)50. Just as+句子, (so)+句子(新OG Test 7/老OC Test 4/老OC Test 5、08年10月真题)51. attibute to (新OG Test 7)52. force sb. to do (新OG Test 7)53. inaccessible to (新OG Test 7)54. regard…as…(新OG Test 7)55. long since gone (新OG Test 7)56. migrate from…to…(新OG Test 7)57. compound in (新OG Test 8)58. attempt to do (新OG Test 8/新OC Test 1)59. threaten to do (新OG Test 8)60. protest sth./protest against sth. (新OG Test 8)61. insist on sth./(in) doing sth. (新OG Test 8)62. the decline of (新OG Test 8)63. continue to do/ continue doing (新OG Test 8)64. contribute to (新OG Test 9)65. expect sb. to do (新OG Test 9)66. react to sth. (新OG Test 9/05年3月)67. be adaptable to sth. (新OG Test 9)68. far from (新OG Test 9)69. inconsistent with (新OG Test 9/05年10月)70. be intolerable to sb. (新OG Test 9)71. allow sb. to do (新OG Test 10)72. draw on/upon (新OG Test 10)73. available to (新OG Test 10)74. manage to do (新OG Test 10)75. engage in sth./doing (新OG Test 10)76. make it +adj.+to do (新OG Test 10)77. attest to sth. (新OG Test 10)78. dress in (新OC Test 1)79. have an understanding of (新OC Test 1)80. discharge…from (新OC Test 1)81. apply to (新OC Test 1)82. at the expense of (新OC Test 1)83. fall into decline (新OC Test 1)84. particular about (新OC Test 1)85. thump sb. to do (新OC Test 1)86. specialize in (新OC Test 1)87. get rid of (新OC Test 2)88. rise to fame as(新OC Test 2)89. a revolt against(新OC Test 2)90. be proud of(新OC Test 2)91. feel disappointed about(新OC Test 2)92. urge sb. to do(新OC Test 2)93. succeed in doing(新OC Test 2/ 06年1月)94. enable sb. to do(新OC Test 2)95. put questions to(新OC Test 2)96. can/cannot help but do(新OC Test 2)97. devote to sth./doing(新OC Test 2)98. evoke…by doing(新OC Test 2)99. in an effort to do (新OC Test 3)100. adapt…to…(新OC Test 3)101. an advocate of…(新OC Test 3)102. make sure to do/that (新OC Test 3)103. disposal of (新OC Test 3/05年10月)104. on the verge of doing (新OC Test 3)105. award…to sb. for sth. (新OC Test 3/老OC Test 1) 106. set a record (老OC Test 1)107. be surprised by (老OC Test 1)108. be helpful to doing (老OC Test 1)109. meet with (老OC Test 1)110. concern about (老OC Test 1)111. be confident about (老OC Test 1)112. in one’s zeal to do (老OC Test 1)113. the same…as…(老OC Test 1)114. inspire sb. to do (老OC Test 1)115. see sb. do/doing (老OC Test 2)116. be free to do (老OC Test 2)117. be common in (老OC Test 2)118. encourage sb. to do (老OC Test 2)119. go about (老OC Test 2)120. from…until (老OC Test 2)121. place…on…(老OC Test 2)123. be acclaimed as (老OC Test 2)124. look down through (老OC Test 3)125. interfere with (老OC Test 3)126. provide evidence of (老OC Test 3)127. vary in/with (老OC Test 3/08年5月)128. be criticized for doing (老OC Test 3)129. be isolated from (老OC Test 3)130. opposition to (老OC Test 3)131. not so much…as…(老OC Test 3/08年5月/09年1月) 132. recognize…as…(老OC Test 4/09年5月)133. be synonymous with (老OC Test 4)134. be essential to sth. (老OC Test 4)135. distinguish…from (老OC Test 5)136. the credit for (老OC Test 5)137. tend to do (老OC Test 5)138. have trouble (in) doing (老OC Test 5)139. convert sth. to sth. (老OC Test 5)140. trim…with (老OC Test 6)141. be wary of sth. (老OC Test 6)142. comply with (老OC Test 6)144. key to sth./doing (老OC Test 6)145. the ability to do (老OC Test 6)146. tempt sb. to do (05年3月)147. have interest in (05年3月)148. ability to do (05年3月)149. stimulate sb. to do (05年3月)150. in an attempt to do (05年3月)151. in recognition of (05年3月)152. a tendency to do (05年3月/08年10月) 153. complain to sb. about/of sth. (05年3月) 154. insight into (05年3月)155. a desire to do (05年3月)156. venture into (05年3月)157. concentrate on/upon/in (05年10月) 158. effective in doing (05年10月)159. spend…(in) doing/on sth (06年1月) 160. unique to (06年1月)161. argue for (06年1月)162. mistrust of (06年1月)163. revere…for…(06年1月)164. known for/as/to do (08年1月)165. exchange…for…(08年5月)166. derive from (08年5月)167. involve in (08年10月)168. range from (08年10月)169. damage to (08年10月)170. on schedule (08年10月)171. leave…to do/leave…for…(09年1月)172. be composed of (09年5月)173. limit…to doing (09年5月)174. appeal to sb./sth. (09年5月)上海新托福精讲班多少钱？一、整体情况培训对象：英语基础薄弱大学生或未接触过托福考试的高中生培训目的：通过对托福基础听说读写的巩固及强化训练，帮助学员提高托福基础和应试技巧，顺利通过考试。

OG TEST 2SECTION 42.4.1The movie’s plot was _____: once you know what befell on the hero, you could _____ the fate of the villain.A. convincing… misinterpretB. misleading… anticipateC. predictable…foreseeD. ironic…endorseE. spellbinding…ignoreforeseeTo see or know beforehand预知，预见：提前看到或知道foresaw the rapid increase in unemployment预见到了失业率的快速增长IronyThe use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning 反话，讽刺：故意使用文字表达与字面意思不同且相反的意义EndorseTo give approval of or support to, especially by public statement; sanction:赞同，认可，支持：认可或支持（尤其指以公开声明的方式）；批准，认可endorse a political candidate支持一个政治候选人2.4.2A certain additive put in gasoline to reduce air pollution is actually ____ groundwater, a finding that shows that even the most well-intentioned fixes can sometimes ____.A. liquefying… founderB. contaminating… backfireC. purifying… boomerangD. saturating… reciprocateE. polluting… prevailcontaminateTo make impure or unclean by contact or mixture弄脏，污染：因为接触或混合而使…不纯洁或不干净Contaminated groundwater污染了地下水backfireTo produce an unexpected, undesired resultv. （原意逆火）产生事与愿违的结果：产生意料之外的、不希望产生的结果His plan backfired on him.他的计划事与愿违。

READINGREADING PASSAGE 1 ( 35 points)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The Flavor of PleasureWhen it comes to celebrating the flavor of food, our mouth gets all the credit. But in truth, it is the nose that knows.No matter how much we talk about tasting our favorite flavors, relishing them really depends on a combined input from our senses that we experience through mouth, tongue and nose. The taste, texture, and feel of food are what we tend to focus on, but most important are the slight puffs of air as we chew our food - what scientists call ‘retronasal smell’.Certainly our mouths and tongues have taste buds, which are receptors for the five basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami, or what is more commonly referred to as savory. But our tongues are inaccurate instruments as far as flavor is concerned. They evolved to recognize only a few basic tastes in order to quickly identify toxins, which in nature are often quite bitter or acidly sour.All the complexity, nuance, and pleasure of flavor come from the sense of smell operating in the back of the nose. It is there that a kind of alchemy occurs when we breathe up and out the passing whiffs of our chewed food. Unlike a hound’s skull with its extra long nose, which evolved specifically to detect external smells, our noses have evolved to detect internal scents. Primates specialise in savoring the many millions of flavor combinations that they can create for their mouths.Taste without retronasal smell is not much help in recognizing flavor. Smell has been the most poorly understood of our senses, and only recently has neuroscience, led by Yale University’s Gordon Shepherd, begun to shed light on its workings. Shepherd has come up with the term ‘neurogastronomy’ to link the disciplines of food science, neurology, psychology, and anthropology with the savory elements of eating, one of the most enjoyed of human experiences.In many ways, he is discovering that smell is rather like face recognition. The visual system detects patterns of light and dark and, building on experience, the brain creates a spatial map. It uses this to interpret the interrelationship of the patterns and draw conclusions that allow us to identify people and places. In the same way, we use patterns and ratios to detect both new and familiar flavors. As we eat, specialized receptors in the back of the nose detect the air molecules in our meals. From signals sent by the receptors, the brain understands smells as complex spatial patterns. Using these, as well as input from the other senses, it constructs the idea of specific flavors.This ability to appreciate specific aromas turns out to be central to the pleasure we get from food, much as our ability to recognize individuals is central to the pleasures of social life. The process is so embedded in our brains that our sense of smell is critical to our enjoyment of life at large. Recent studies show that people who lose the ability to smell become socially insecure, and their overall level of happiness plummets.Working out the role of smell in flavor interests food scientists, psychologists,and cooks alike. The relatively new discipline of molecular gastronomy, especially, relies on understanding the mechanics of aroma to manipulate flavor for maximum impact. In this discipline, chefs use their knowledge of the chemical changes that take place during cooking to produce eating pleasures that go beyond the ‘ordinary’.However, whereas molecular gastronomy is concerned primarily with the food or ‘smell’ molecules, neurogastronomy is more focused on the receptor molecules and the brain’s spatial images for smell. Smell stimuli form what Shepherd terms ‘odor objects’, stored as memories, and these have a direct link with our emotions. The brain creates images of unfamiliar smells by relating them to other more familiar smells. Go back in history and this was part of our survival repertoire, like most animals, we drew on our sense of smell, when visual information was scarce, to single out prey.Thus the brain’s flavor- recognition system is a highly complex perceptual mechanism that puts all five senses to work in various combinations. Visual and sound cues contribute, such as crunching, as does touch, including the texture and feel of food on our lips and in our mouths. Then there are the taste receptors, and finally, the smell, activated when we inhale. The engagement of our emotions can be readily illustrated when we picture some of the wide-ranging facial expressions that are elicited by various foods- many of them hard- wired into our brains at birth. Consider the response to the sharpness of lemon and compare that with the face that is welcoming the smooth wonder of chocolate.The flavor-sensing system, ever receptive to new combinations, helps to keep our brains active and flexible. It also has the power to shape our desires and ultimately our bodies. On the horizon we have the positive application of neurogastronomy: manipulating flavor to curb our appetites.Questions 1 - 5 Questions 6 - 9 Questions 10 - 13。

OG中所有SAT语法固定搭配总结!!!1. as +adj./adv.+as (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 6/06年1月)2. either…or… (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 3/新OG Test 4)3. be grateful for doing(老OG Test 1)4. sth. be familiar to sb./sb. be familiar with sth.(老OG Test 1、08年5月)5. prevent…from doing (老OG Test 1/老OC Test 1/09年5月)6. discourage…from doing(老OG Test 1)7. keep…from doing (老OG Test 1)8. as much…as…(老OG Test 1)9. an appraisal of….对…的评价(老OG Test 1)10. be determined by由…决定(老OG Test 1) determined on 专心致力于/ to 有做…的决心11. be identified by…as… (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 2)12. preoccupation with 全神贯注做…(老OG Test 1/新OG Test 4)13. count on 依靠;指望(老OG Test 1)14. a determination to do (老OG Test 1)15. be prized for(老OG Test 1/新OC Test 1)16. think it +adj.+to do(新OG Test 1)17. neither…nor (新OG Test 1/新OG Test 2)18. be contrary to (新OG Test 1)19. at a distance(新OG Test 1)20. be capable of doing (新OG Test 1/老OC Test 3/05年10月/09年5月)21. long since forgotten(新OG Test 1)22. require sb. to do (新OG Test 1/05年3月/08年1月)23. be certified as 证明(新OG Test 1)24. In addition to doing(新OG Test 2)25. a means of (新OG Test 2/06年1月)26. obsession with (新OG Test 2/新OC Test 1)27. arrive in/at (新OG Test 2)28.offers of(新OG Test 2)29. help sb. with (新OG Test 2)30. inauguration of (新OG Test 2)31. fight back to回击，抵抗(新OG Test 3)32. differ from (新OG Test 3)33. gain the respect of (新OG Test 3)34. depend on…for (依靠客观的依据)(新OG Test 4)depend upon 取决于/ 依靠，信赖35. vote against 投票反对(新OG Test 4)36. hope to do (新OG Test 4)37. be honored by…as…(新OG Test 4)38. account for对…负责任；说明原因，解释(新OG Test 4/新OG Test 10)39. be absorbed in 集中精力做某事，专心于(新OG Test 4)40. use…to do (新OG Test 5/老OC Test 4)41. be sensitive to doing 对…感到敏感，灵敏(新OG Test 5)42. keep off 让开，不接近(新OG Test 5) keep out of 把…关到外面不让进入43. be disruptive（分散性的，破坏性的）to (新OG Test 6)44. be necessary for+ 人称代词（对…有必要）/ to+ sth/ do(新OG Test 6)45. a threat to doing/ sth.(新OG Test 6/新OG Test 10)46. take pride in (= be proud of)(新OG Test 6)47. apprehension about (新OG Test 6) ?48. be sympathetic for(新OG Test 6) sympathetic共鸣的，同情的49. the reason be that (新OG Test 6)Just as+句子, (so)+句子(新OG Test 7/老OC Test 4/老OC Test 5、08年10月真题)51. attribute to (新OG Test 7)52. force sb. to do (新OG Test 7)53. inaccessible to (新OG Test 7)54. regard…as…(新OG Test 7)55. long since gone(新OG Test 7)56. migrate from…to…(新OG Test 7)57. compound in (新OG Test 8)58. attempt to do (新OG Test 8/新OC Test 1)59. threaten to do (新OG Test 8)60. protest sth./protest against sth. 抗议，对…提出异议(新OG Test 8)61. insist on sth./(in) doing sth.(新OG Test 8)62. the decline of (新OG Test 8)63. continue to do继续做另一件事/ continue doing继续做一件事(新OG Test 8)64. contribute to (新OG Test 9)65. expect sb. to do (新OG Test 9)66. react to sth. (新OG Test 9/05年3月)67. be adaptable to sth. (新OG Test 9)68. far from (新OG Test 9)69. inconsistent with (新OG Test 9/05年10月)70. be intolerable to sb. (新OG Test 9)71. allow sb. to do (新OG Test 10)72. draw on/upon利用(新OG Test 10)73. available to (新OG Test 10)74. manage to do (新OG Test 10)75. engage in sth./doing (新OG Test 10)76. make it +adj.+to do (新OG Test 10)77. attest to sth.证实，证明(新OG Test 10)78. dress in (新OC Test 1)79. have an understanding of (新OC Test 1)80. discharge…from (新OC Test 1)81. apply to (新OC Test 1)82. at the expense of 由…支付费用；以…为代价(新OC Test 1)E.g. He refused to travel at the expense of the company and paid for the trip himself. She completed the work at the expense of her health.83. fall into decline(新OC Test 1) fall into place 逐渐理解84. particular about 讲究，挑剔(新OC Test 1)85. thump（重击）sb. to do (新OC Test 1)86. specialize in (新OC Test 1)87. get rid of (新OC Test 2)88. rise to fame as成名，名声大振(新OC Test 2)89. a revolt against 反感，厌恶(新OC Test 2)90. be proud of(新OC Test 2)91. feel disappointed about 对…感到失望(新OC Test 2)92. urge sb. to do(新OC Test 2)93. succeed in doing (新OC Test 2/ 06年1月)94. enable sb. to do (新OC Test 2)95. put questions to (新OC Test 2)96. can/cannot help but do= cannot help (doing) (新OC Test 2)97. devote to sth./doing (新OC Test 2)98.evoke by doing (新OC Test 2)99. in an effort to do (新OC Test 3)100. adapt…to…(新OC Test 3)101. an advocate of…(新OC Test 3)102. make sure to do/that (新OC Test 3)103. disposal of(新OC Test 3/05年10月)104. on the verge of doing(新OC Test 3)105. award…to sb. for sth.(新OC Test 3/老OC Test 1)106. set a record创造纪录(老OC Test 1)107. be surprised by (老OC Test 1)108. be helpful to（对…有用doing (老OC Test 1)109. meet with符合；偶然遇见；遭受(老OC Test 1)110. concern about (老OC Test 1)111. be confident about (老OC Test 1)112. in one’s zeal to do (老OC Test 1)113. the same…as…(老OC Test 1)114. inspire sb. to do (老OC Test 1)115. see sb。

GMAT语法题OG详解123/140GMAT语法改错的难度一方面来自题干，另一方面来自选项，因为我们要依靠选项之间的差别来获得信息、寻求提示，其实这就反映了GMAT语法改错答案的特点--永远只有相对正确而不存在绝对正确。

接下来小编就给大家介绍一下GMAT语法题，希望对大家备考GMAT语法考试有帮助。

123. Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.(A) they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease(B) after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine, they began growing again(C) in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, which was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again(D) with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular red wine, they began growing again(E) a reduced risk of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started them growing again答案解析如下：(A)they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease 【正确】代词“they”出现在主谓结构“they began to grow again”的主语部分，因此根据“平行指代优先”原则可以明确地指代另一个主谓结构“Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s”的主语“Sales”。

Kyle 错题总结OG test 错题OG-test #1S615. Jerome often referred to(A) art history textbooks while he(B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class, he seeks out(C) the work of sculptors19. Before boarding(A), passengers must purchase(B)his or her(C) tickets in the main20. According to(A) some demographers, the number of United States citizens aged22. Contrary to what(A) many people believe, heat lightning is not lightning(B) caused by heat; it is ordinary lightning that occurs at too great a distance(C) for its25. As(A) their brains mature neurologically(B), infants become more capable to28. The regularly scheduled(A) conference between may tutor and me(B)is(C) set for Friday, but my low grades in chemistry requires(D) me to arrange an earlier meeting. No error(E)D。

此题是典型的主谓一致题目。

But引导的分句的主语是my low grades，应该是复数。