山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破四 介词和介词短语

精品基础教育教学资料，，需要可下载使用！高考英语二轮复习语法突破：介词一、介词（短语）语法题答题技巧：固定搭配：动词+介词；介词+名词；形容词+介词语境分析：介词基本语意及用法二、介词基本用法：1 .表示地点、位置的介词1)“在2)“上/下”There is a stone bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.He stuck his phone beneath the table to avoid being found by the teacher.This place is below sea level.There are over forty students in the .classroom.It took us under an hour to prepare for the coming meeting.3)) across/through “穿过”She ran across the road.He walked through the forest.4)in/on ”在…上”The apples on the tree seem to have been ripe.The bird in the tree seems to be singing.The little boy burst into tears because a ball happened to hit him on the nose.(头，额，鼻,耳,肩，腿，颈)You shouldn't hit anyone in the face.(脸，眼，嘴，腹).表示时间的介词1)in , on, at "在时”注：节日中如含有day,介词用on；如含有festival,常用at；注: 时间名词前有last, next, this, that, these, those, some, any, every, each, one, all 等词时，前面不用介词。

专题四介词和介词短语基础巩固Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018河南郑州一中六次测试)Most caves are formed nature under the ground, but some have entrances people can find.答案by句意:大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的,但有些洞窟的入口人们可以发现。

by nature为固定搭配,意为“天然地”,故填介词by。

2.(2018陕西榆林二中三模)With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable their children to see.答案for be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.为固定结构,故设空处填介词for。

3.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考)The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been popular the distinctive taste of its duck products.答案for句意:该品牌于1848年诞生于乌镇,由于其鸭产品独特的味道而一直受欢迎。

设空处表示“原因”,故用介词for。

4.(2018福建龙岩2月质检)As Christmas is the most important festival in the West, some believe that it is similar the Spring Festival in China.答案to句意:由于圣诞节是西方最重要的节日,因此一些人认为圣诞节与中国的春节相似。

be similar to为固定短语,意为“与……相似”。

5.It was about 300 or 400 years before the extra names gradually developed into last names, or surnames, and they were passed down generation to generation.答案from句意:大约过了300或400年,这些额外的名字才逐渐成为姓氏。

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版四、介词和介词短语真题试做1．(2011山东高考，30)I'm sorry I didn't phone you，but I've been very busy ______ the past couple of weeks.A．beyond B．withC．among D．over2．(2009山东高考，33) It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot ______ easy reach.A．near B．uponC．within D．around考向分析1．考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法。

从历年全国及各省市高考题中可看出，介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词，如at，in，for，from，to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as，around等。

2．考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。

尤其是在一定的语言环境中，辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。

3．考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。

特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词，不同的搭配可用来表示种种不同的意义。

热点例析考点一：表示时间的介词1．in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段时间之内。

通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如：in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in one's thirties等。

(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。

如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January，on a fine morning等。

(3)at表示在一个时间点上。

指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。

解密04介词（短语）和动词短语【命题趋势】1. 高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。

2. 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。

3. 语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。

【名师指导】介词（短语）和动词短语解题技巧：1. 分析具体语境，注意介词含义常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。

2. 积累介词用法，注意一词多义介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。

一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。

在平时学习时，要注意整理、积累，逐一学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。

3. 体会英语本义，注意固定搭配复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。

英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。

4. 分类归纳短语，构建知识网络动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。

在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。

做题时，一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子结构，正确理解句子的意思；另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思，并且能区别相似词组的意思，从而填出答案。

一、表示“时间”的介词1. at, on, in(1) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。

如：☞I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。

注：at daybreak在黎明at noon在中午at night在夜间at Christmas在圣诞节期间at the age of five在五岁时(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。

如：☞I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。

■ II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想介词和介词短语【考纲解读】介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。

介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。

此外，在定语从句中，也常考查"介词+关系代词”的用法。

有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond 等。

【预习导学】一、介词.表示方位的禾口3 .表示方位的禾口4 .表示时间点的和.表示时间段的和.表示交通方式的和.表示"用....... ”的和.表示"除 ..... 夕卜”的禾口.其他常考介词的用法的用法的用法⑸u nder的用法■ II精诚凝聚7=成就梦想⑹with 的用法介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。

①While stay ing in the village, James un selfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return .（2014 •浙江高考）当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。

②Starting your own bus in ess could be a way to achievi ng finan cial in depe ndence. On the other hand , it could just put you in debt.（2014 •江西高考）自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。

知识积累介词的常用搭配一览1 •介词与名词的常用搭配(1) at + n.表示状态at a loss 不知所措at war 在战争中(2) 其他以at开头的介词短语at the beg inning ofat the cost ofat the risk ofat the mercy of⑶on + n.表示状态on exhibiti on/show 在展出on sale 出售，打折on the decrease/i ncreaseat peace 处于和平中at work 在工作在……的开始以……的代价冒……的危险在……支配下；任由……摆布on fire 着火on the way 在途中在减少/在增加on holiday/vacati on 在度假 on duty/guard 在值班/站岗 (4) 其他以on 开头的介词短语 on acco unt of因为on no acco unt/con diti on 决不(5) by + n.表示方式 by accide nt 偶然 by cha nee 偶然 by hand 用手工 by the day 按天算⑹in + n.表示方式in cash用现金付款in depth 在深度上 in size 在大小上 in len gth 在长度上(7)其他以in 开头的介词短语in n eed of 需^< in no time 立刻in place of 代替in additi on to 另外in response to 作为回应 in spite of 尽管 in favor of 支持，赞成in case of万一；如果；假如in celebrati onof为庆祝 .... in con trol of 管理；控制；操纵 in honour of 为向 .... 表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念…… in support of 为支持 .....in the charge of 在 .... 的管理下in the direct ion of在 .... 方向in no case 决不 in no way 决不in possessi on of 拥有，占有in charge of 掌管 ........in return作为回报in excha nge for作为交换in the face of 面对(8)of of benefit+ n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词) 有益处的of help有帮助的on behalf of 代表by air/pla ne 乘飞机 by coin cide nee 碰巧 by mistake 错误地 by n ature 天生地in width 在宽度上 in detail 详细地 in height在咼度上 in En glish 用英语of importa nee 重要的of use 有用的(9) out of + n.表示状态 out of bala nee 失去平衡 out of con trol 不受控制 out of debt 不欠债out of shape 走样，不成形 out of the questi on不可能(10) under + n.表示被动 un der attack 遭到袭击 un der pressure 在压力下 under control处于控制之中(11) with + n.表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with ease 轻而易举地of sig ni fica nee 有意义的of value有价值的上气不接下气过期 出故障 看不到失业un der discussi on 在讨论中 un der treatme nt在治疗中un der con struct ion在建造中with difficulty 困难地with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地(12) .............................................. b eyond + n.表示"超出 ，难以 ” out of breath out of dateout of order out of sight out of workbeyond compare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不至Ubey ond descripti on难以描述beyond doubt 不用怀疑，确实地 难以表达bey ond expressi on/words 2 •介词与形容词的常用搭配 (1) b e + adj. + about be an xious about be curious about be particular aboutbe worried/c oncerned about (2) b e + adj. + at be angry at 因 ...... 生气 be ast oni shed at 对 .... 吃惊 be di sappo in ted at 对(3) b e + adj. + in be absorbed in 专注于• be dressed in 穿着 .......失望忧虑 ... 对……好奇 对……讲究/挑剔 对……担心be good at 擅长 be prese nt at 出席be active in 积极于 be en gaged in 忙于■ II 精诚凝聚 7=成就梦想be tha nkful for 因 .... 而感激 be an xious for急切盼望，渴望…be prepared for 为 ....... 做好准备(5) be + adj. + from be abse nt from 缺席 be far from 远离 (6) be + adj. + to be close to 接近 .......(8)be + adj. + withbe busy with 忙于 .......be comb ined with 与… …结合 be covered with 被••… •覆盖be patie nt with 对••…•有耐心be satisfied with对… ••…满意be pleased with 对••… •感到满意be filled with充满be content with 对•… ••满意 be familiar with对… …•熟悉 be popular with 受•…••的欢迎by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒be rich in富含……be occupied in忙于……be in terestedin 对•… ••感兴趣be in volved in包括在… •…中，被卷入(4)be + adj. + forbe eager for 渴望……be famous for 以……著名 be fit for适合，胜任…be hungry for渴望……be ready for 准备好 be sorry for 对 ........ 感到抱歉be devoted to 致力于…… be familiar to对… …来说熟悉be good to 对… ••…有好处 be harmful to 对…… 有危害be opposed to 反对…be/get used to ( 变得）习惯于……(7)be + adj. + ofbe aware of 意识至U …be full of充满 ....be short of 缺之 .......be ashamed of 为 .... 感到羞耻be differe nt from不同于be free from不受•••…影响 be con trary to 与… •…相反be equal to 等于•…be frien dly to 对… ••…友好 be grateful to对…•…心存感激 be kind to 对… ••…友好be similar to与… …相似be fond of 喜欢 ...... be proud of 因 .... 而自豪be tired of厌烦 ....out of question 毫无疑问;out of the question 不可能; out of order 次序颠倒； out of sight看不见； out of place不合适;out of pity 出于同情； out of curiosity出于好奇be concerned with 与 ....... 有关； 涉及，关心，关注【考点突破】 考点语境词义辨析I. ____________________ The dietionary is : many words have been added to the Ianguage since it waspublished.(2016 •天津，2)A.out of con trol B. out of dateD.out of reach2. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes sea ? (2015 •浙江，3)Edison.(2015 •江苏，34)B. regardless ofC. aside fromstreet.(2015 •陕西，12)福建，22)『考点归纳：1. 几组常见的介词短语 (1) out of +名词C.out of sightani mals both on land andA . aboutB. toC. withD. over 3. Most people work because its un avoidable. there are some people whoactually enjoy work.(2015•浙江，10)A.As a resultB.ln additi onC.By con trastD.ln conclusion4.Many of the things wenow ben efitfrom wouldnot bearoundThomasA.tha nks to D.but for5.This meet ing room is a non smok ing area .I would like to warn youthat if yousmoked here you would be fin ed.(2015-湖北，30)A.i n adva neeB.in detailC.in totalD.i n general6.The little pupil took hisgra ndma the arm and walked her across the A.o nB.byC.inD.at7.A commonmemory they allhavetheir school days is the school uniform.(2015•A.ofB.o nC.toD.with(2) in +名词in power 掌权；in good condition 状态良好；in despair 绝望地；in public/secret 公开地/ 秘密地；in tears 哭泣；in good/bad repair 保养得好/不好；in charge 负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in an ger 生气；in trouble 有困难(3) in +名词+介词in case of 以防万一；in honor of 为了纪念............... ；in favor of 支持；in memory of 为了纪念..... ；in charge of 负责；in terms of 从............. 角度；inneed of 需要；in praise of 表扬；inview of 鉴于；in return for 作为对的回报；in response to 对的答复或反应(4) u nder +名词under control 受控；under attack 遭至U攻击；under way 在进行中；under discussion 在讨论；un der con sideratio n 在讨论/考虑中(5) at +名词at work 在工作；at play 在玩耍；at dinner 在吃饭；at ease 轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗(6)o n +名词on fire 着火；on purpose 故意地；on duty 值日；on the phone 在打电话；on leave 在休假；on holiday 在度假；on a walk 在散步；on the rise/fall 上升/ 下降；on sale 出售；onshow/exhibiti on 展出；on bus in ess 出差；on one' s way to在去…•…的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to one 's +情感名词to one' s surprise 令某人惊讶的是；to one' s joy 使某人高兴的是；to one' sdisappo in tme nt 令某人失望的是；to one ' s delight 使某人高兴的是2 •注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing 不花钱,免费come across the穿过房间roomfeel like doing sth. 想要做某事get paid by the week 按周获得报酬be particular about... 对.... 可求、挑易9with satisfacti on 满意地be sec ond to none 不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on one ' s own 独自地in great qua ntity 大量地，大批量in great dema nd 需求量很大take a turn for the better 正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on 照看，照料with the help of 在......... 的帮助下un der the leadership of 在……的领导下the article in the n ewspaper 报纸上的文章a bird in the tree 树上的鸟apples on the tree 树上的苹果tickets for the concert 音乐会的票in the direct ion of 朝着.... 的方向from the direction of 从.... 的方向set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样3.下列短语中to为介词bel ong to 属于date back to 追溯到look forward to 盼望；期望be addicted to 沉溺于be accustomed to 习惯于be/get used to doi ng... 习惯于做......be devoted to... 致力于.........stick to 坚持【方法总结】方法1汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。

2024届高考英语复习专题★★介词(短语)和动词短语考点集训A组考点基础题组考点1介词(短语)题组一单句填空1.Flowing from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the East China Sea,the Yangtze is a natural division north and south.答案between2.The quality of space-ground interaction and communication is also much improvedthe help of the Tianlian relay satellites.答案with3.The next day,we were given a long list of things to do but they were a language that we could not understand at all.答案in4.Thanks to the determined protection efforts in recent decades,the Asian elephant population in China has risen170in the1970s to300.答案from5.When you walk,the impact of your foot the ground sends pressure waves through the arteries(动脉)that increase blood flow to the brain.答案on6.these difficulties,they managed to work out24solar terms by studying the sun's movement and also paying attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth.答案Despite7.the improvement of printing technologies,there are more and more new materials for New Year pictures.答案With8.the bicycle,much of the world might stop working!答案Without题组二单句改错1.According to online voting,the work presented by Class6,Senior1gained the most popularity because its unique design.答案because后加of2.She's very gentle and patient for young children.答案for改为with3.The party lasted for five hours and I hit a traffic jam,so it was past midnight by the time I got to home.答案删除to4.On my opinion,we can do something meaningful in honor of our school life.答案On改为Inlions of students across China watched the live broadcast of the lecture given by Shenzhou-13crew members in last month.答案删除in6.What's funny is that the style is very similar with what people wore back in the1990s.答案with改为to7.I love to see a clean and tidy classroom and I am proud with it.答案with改为of考点2动词短语题组一单句填空1.It can provide different people different experiences from the comforting sense of being in control to the freedom of expressing creativity in the kitchen.答案with2.It is certain that the torch relay plays an important role promoting the host's international image while spreading the message of peace,union,friendship and health.答案in3.The development of rural tourism also serves an opportunity for farmers to start their own businesses.答案as4.He uses nail polish(指甲油)to keep the food being rotten.答案from5.The sudden increase in demand last Monday even led the temporary destruction of the software.答案to6.“It's also very important to me that making this kind of art doesn't have any influencenature,”Widgren said.答案on/upon7.Then they came up an idea of creating a brief set of lessons from which kids and adults can learn easily.答案with题组二单句改错1.We looked the card everywhere,yet we didn't find it.答案looked后加for2.My father promised to take care for the street cat I had mentioned.答案for改为of3.In our spare time,my roommates and I take in turns to do the cleaning regularly.答案删除take后的in4.I explained the reasons why I dreamed being grade president.答案dreamed后加of/about5.Concerned about my English,my dad turned his teacher for help.答案turned后加toB组专题综合题组题组一单句填空1.a Saturday afternoon a homeless man came into our shop.答案On2.Therefore,finding a good way to deal pressure is important.I just discovered my new favorite method:the trampoline(蹦床)!答案with3.There are many other fun projects,such watching stars and clouds,counting penguins and even listening to laughs.答案as4.T'ai Chi is an unusual form of martial arts where we believe building mental and physical strength.答案in5.First,due the greenhouse effect,glaciers are melting,and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic are on the edge of extinction.答案to6.The art of tea extended to its fancy containers,which are display at the museum.答案on7.Huang was also one of the eight leading figures who received the Medal of the Republic in2019for their contributions the nation.答案to8.reaching the top of the mountain,one of my feet was injured and I had to give up eventually.答案Before9.To tell if a pot of tea is nice,you can mainly rely the color,smell,taste and form.答案on/upon10.Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon(榫舌)technique,which means no nails or glue are involved the entire process of building the arch bridge.答案in11.It's great importance to ask for help and let people know your feelings if you feel worried or anxious.答案of12.People living on the island and holders of a Xiamen Social Insurance Card can use the smaller,faster ferry located next yet another top tourist spot.答案to13.Thankfully,effective measures have been taken by China and India to prohibit the Tibetan antelopes being hunted.答案from14.response,Eleme announced it would add a button to the app,which allows customers to extend the time limit.答案In15.The40-year-old woman,who used to be a farmer and housewife,is now admired in her hometown her great success in boosting sales of farm produce.答案for题组二单句改错1.In terms of study,she is good in English while English is not my cup of tea.答案in改为at2.This week I took part in a knowledge competition,which gave me a great sense for achievement.答案for改为of3.I can't easily give an answer of your question.答案of改为to4.I think I should make better use my free time after school to do my homework or prepare for exams.答案use后加of5.Sometimes people will look down to me,but it doesn't matter.答案to改为on/upon6.He would give the flowers to his mother with person.答案with改为in7.I can't forget how excited I was before winning the first match.答案before改为after8.Let's stop talking,and get down work.答案down后加to9.The activity was highly spoken,because not only did it provide a chance for us to exercise,but also made us more united.答案spoken后加of10.I took the place with my classmate,Wang Bin,who had been seriously injured before the match.答案with改为of11.As scheduled,the event will be held in the lecture hall on next Sunday afternoon.答案删除on12.Rather than continuing my search about someone who would buy my ticket,I decided to give it to him for free.答案about改为for13.A few days later,I participated the first round of the competition,a difficult written test.答案participated后加in14.In a recent evening,my dad was preparing food in the kitchen.答案In改为On15.She was grateful for me and invited me to her home.答案for改为to。