英语名词单复数及所涉语法
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小学英语主要语法一、小学英语可数名词的单复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式1、名词的单数:表示一个人或一个事物2、名词的复数:表示一个人以上的人或事物可数名词复数的变化规律如下:1、多数情况下在名词后面加S,s 在清辅音后读【S】2、以s,_,sh,ch为结尾的词在词尾加es, es读作【iz】3、以f ,fe为结尾的词去掉f或fe加ves,ves读作【vz】4、以辅音加y 结尾的词,变y为ies5、以元音加y结尾的词,直接加s6、不规则变化:man-men woman-women policeman-policemen(a变e)mouse-mice tooth-teeth child-children goose-geese foot-feet7、单复数同形people-people sheep -sheep deerdeer fish-fish注意:fish①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es. 如:all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。
8、其他: this 这个-these这些(复数) that那个-those那些(复数) I我- we我们(复数) he他 she她 it它- they他、它、她们(复数) am ,is是 -are(复数)二、小学英语不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式,不能直接用数来计算。
用法如下:1、数词+量词(超过1个时加复数)+of+名词: a glass of milk, two bottles ofwater,four bowls of rice2、常见的修饰不可数名词的不定代词有:any一些,some一些, much许多, a lot of许多 a little 一点, little几乎没有3、不可数名词在句中常以单数形式出现:There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有些牛奶Air has no colour and smell.空气无色无味4、不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用不定冠词a/an。
高中英语知识点归纳语法名词的单复数形式与用法高中英语知识点归纳:语法名词的单复数形式与用法一、名词的单数形式与复数形式名词是英语中最基本的词汇之一,根据数量的不同,名词分为单数形式和复数形式。
1. 单数形式名词的单数形式表示一个人或事物,一般情况下,名词的单数形式直接在词尾加-s。
例如:- Book(书)→ books(书籍)- Chair(椅子)→ chairs(椅子)- Cat(猫)→ cats(猫)2. 复数形式名词的复数形式表示多个人或事物,复数形式的构成有以下几种情况:2.1 在词尾加-es:- Bush(灌木)→ bushes(灌木丛)- Box(盒子)→ boxes(盒子)- Watch(手表)→ watches(手表)2.2 在词尾加-s:- Dog(狗)→ dogs(狗)- Car(汽车)→ cars(汽车)- Student(学生)→ students(学生)2.3 有些名词复数形式发生变化:- Man(男人)→ men(男人)- Woman(女人)→ women(女人)- Child(孩子)→ children(孩子)二、名词的用法名词在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等不同的成分。
1. 主语名词可以作为句子的主语,表示主体或行为的发起者。
例如:- Dogs are loyal animals.(狗是忠诚的动物。
)- Happiness is contagious.(幸福是传染的。
)名词可以作为动词的直接宾语,接受动作的对象。
例如:- I bought some books at the bookstore.(我在书店买了一些书。
)- They enjoy playing basketball.(他们喜欢打篮球。
)3. 表语名词可以作为表语,表示主语的特征、身份或状态。
例如:- He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。
)- The book becomes a bestseller.(这本书成为了畅销书。
语法复习:名词的单复数;there be与have一. 名词的单复数1. 可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍—s。
(读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
)例:friend→friends;cat→cats style→styles;sport→sports;desk→desks(2)凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍—es构成复数。
(读音变化:统一加读[iz])例:bus→buses;fox→foxes ;match→matches;dish→dishes box→boxes(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
、(读音变化:加读[z])例:candy→candies;baby→babies; family→families;lady→ladies;story→stories*以元音字母+y 结尾的词,在词尾加s例:boy→boys;day→days;key→keys;toy→toys(4)以-o结尾的名词,有一些是加-es例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes; hero→heroes;(5)以—f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或—fe改变为-ves.(读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz])例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves(6)不规则变化man-men, woman—women, policeman—policemen, policewoman—policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children ,foot-feet, tooth—teeth,fish—fish,people—people,Chinese—Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2. 不可数名词应该注意:(1). 不可数名词没有词形变化,前面不可以加冠词a,an修饰.(2)。
一、名词二、定义二、名词的数(前有a或an,后无s 前无a或an,后必有s)(一)可数名词单数复数规则1.+S 一般情况desks boys2.+es 以小四吃烧饼(x s ch sh o)结尾注意o结尾有生命+es Negro hero potato tomato无生命+s zoo photo3.y-----i+es 辅音字母+y结尾countries companies4.f/fe----v+es 以f/fe结尾5.常考不规则变化child------children man-------men woman------women foot-------feet (二)常见不可数名词(前无a或an,后无s)fun 乐趣advice 建议weather 天气information 信息bread 面包equipment 设备homework 家庭作业heart 心housework 家务活Knowledge 知识money 钱news 新闻消息progress 进步注:job 可数advice 可数工作建议work 不可数suggestion 不可数作品可数experience 经验(不可数) exercise 锻炼(不可数)经历(可数) 练习(可数)chicken 鸡肉(不可数) word 新闻,消息(不可数)小鸡(可数) 话,词(可数change 零钱(不可数)变化(可数)三、名词作定语1.man和woman有单复数变化例:men teachers women workers2.其他名词一般用单数例:apple trees coffee shops四、名词所有格1.有生命+’s (如果名词复数加s则直接加’)例:Lily’s trees’ women’s2.无生命用of (注意与汉语顺序相反)门的窗户the window of the door如果碰到名词+of+名词则需从后往前翻3.双重所有格a friend of mine a teacher of my sister’s五、涉及词性转换(一)动词变名词例如:Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are it top_____(attract).1)动词+enceexistence存在occurrence 发生reference 参考preference 偏好2)动词+anceacceptance 接受appearance 出现performance 履行tolerance 容忍enterance 进入assistance 帮助insurance 保险3)动词+tionproduction 生产introduction 介绍reduction减少prevention 阻止protection 保护invitation 邀请communication交流devotion致力competition竞争organization 组织contribution 贡献education教育pollution 污染4)动词+sionimpression 印象depression沮丧expression 表达expansion扩大decision 决定permission允许5)动词+mentagreement 同意development 发展punishment 惩罚treatment 对待settlement 定居achievement 成就improvement 改进encouragement鼓励6)其他grow-----growth die------death believe------belief succeed-----successstudy (动词学习)(名词研究)change 变化(动词、名词)(二)形容词变名词1)加ydifficult -----difficulty responsible-----responsibility similar-----similarity possible---- possibility honest-------- honesty2)加nesskind-----kindness ill-----illness aware------awareness3)加thwide----- width dead----death true------truth4)其他different-----difference able-----ability crowd (名词人群)(形容词拥挤的)(三)名词变名词science----scientist relation-----relationship六、考试题型及做题方法(一)语法填空如果给的词不是名词,但要填的词是名词,则根据上述方法进行变换如果所给词是名词,则可以考虑变复数或者所有格练习:1.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellingsadmirable is their ____ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.2.The nursery team switches him every few ____( day) with his sister. Then, handlethe most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____ (achieve).3.Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we takeshort breaks regularly.4.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived fromroughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.5.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a methodof fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.6. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.7. This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.8. She is determined to carry on with her (educate).9. She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.10. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showeda mere five to 10 minutes day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).11. This switch has decreased _______ (pollute) in the country's major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.12. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.13. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.14. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.15. I'd skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark water of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).16. I had many wonderful (experience),but I also had a sad one.(二)改错如果是可数名词,前面没有a/an, 那么需要在后面加s如果是不可数名词,那么后面一定不能加s注意词性转换练习:1. The film was very good,but I didn't enjoy it because there were some problem in the cinema.2. I always have enough food to eat,a big room to live in,and beautiful cloth to wear.3. Those students are going to call on woman scientists tomorrow4. I've made some progresses in my listening and speaking.5. If you go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.6. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.重点:可数名词单复数规则常考不可数名词词性转换。
小学英语单词记背技巧及名词单复数变化语法规则字母组合变化记忆法英语单词中以某个单词为基础,加、减、换、调一个字母就成了另一个新单词。
具体方法如下:前面加字母例如:is-his(他的)ear(耳朵)- near(近)/ hear(听)read(读)- bread(面包)后面加字母例如:hear(听到)- heart(心脏)you(你)- your(你的)plane(飞机)- planet(行星)中间加字母例如:though(尽管)- through(通过)tree(树)- three(三)减字母例如:She(她)- he(他)close(关闭)- lose(丢失)start(开始)- star(星星)换字母例如:book(书)- look(看)/ cook(做饭)cake(蛋糕)-lake (湖)/ wake(醒来)/ make(制作)/ take(带走)调字母(改变字母顺序)例如:blow(吹)- bowl(碗)sing(唱歌)- sign(签名)from(来自)- form(形成)比较记忆法这里介绍的是,相似而又不同的单词进行对比分析,弄清它们的不同之处和相同之处,以进行记忆的方法。
例如:改变一个元音的词就能变换出不同的词ball(球),bell(铃声),bill(帐单)改变一个辅音的词就能变换出不同的词fight(打架),light(灯),might(可能),night(晚上),right(正确的)音形相同而意义不同light(光)和light(轻)形相近want(想要)→ wait(等待),read(读)→ ready(准备好的)。
意义相同study/learn(学习),big/large/great(大的),look/see/watch(看)等;意义相反big(大) → small(小),dear(昂贵) → cheap(便宜),hot(热) → cold(冷)等。
联想记忆法使所要记忆的英语单词生动、形象和系统化,使新词和旧词之间建立一种荒诞夸张、稀奇古怪、难合情理的联系,令人终生难忘,从而达到以旧带新、快速记忆之目的。
语法要点解读名词的单复数形式及用法名词是英语句子中最基本和最常见的词类之一。
在语法中,名词的单复数形式和用法是一个非常重要的要点。
本文将对名词的单复数形式以及在句子中的用法进行解读。
一、名词的单数形式名词的单数形式是指单个的实物或抽象概念。
通常情况下,名词的单数形式直接在词末加上“s”表示。
例如:- Apple(苹果)→ apples(苹果)- Book(书)→ books(书籍)- Cat(猫)→ cats(猫)特殊情况下,名词的单数形式会有一定的变化规则。
下面是几种常见的变化规则:1. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将“y”变为“i”,再加上“es”。
- City(城市)→ cities(城市)- Party(派对)→ parties(派对)2. 以“o”结尾的名词,多数情况下加上“es”,但也有少数例外。
- Tomato(番茄)→ tomatoes(番茄)- Hero(英雄)→ heroes(英雄)3. 以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词,将“f”或“fe”变为“ves”。
- Leaf(叶子)→ leaves(叶子)- Knife(刀)→ knives(刀)4. 部分名词的单复数形式完全不同。
- Child(孩子)→ children(孩子们)- Man(男人)→ men(男人们)- Woman(女人)→ women(女人们)二、名词的复数形式名词的复数形式表示多个实物或抽象概念。
除了可直接在词末加上“s”表示外,名词的复数形式还有一些特殊规则。
1. 以“s”、“ss”、“sh”、“ch”、“x”、“z”等音结尾的名词,直接在词末加上“es”。
- Bus(公共汽车)→ buses(公共汽车)- Class(班级)→ classes(班级)2. 以“o”结尾的名词,大多数情况下加上“es”,但也有少数例外。
- Potato(土豆)→ potatoes(土豆)- Echo(回声)→ echoes(回声)3. 以“y”结尾的名词,如果前面是元音字母,则直接加“s”表示复数形式;如果前面是辅音字母,则将“y”变为“i”,再加上“es”。
(最新)初中英语语法:名词的单数和复数名词的数1、单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy →boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class →classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。
(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city →cities, factory→factories, country→countries,family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days。
(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo →photos,piano→pianos。
(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。
(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。
名词单复数一、定义:名词能够分为可数冥河不行数名词,不行数名词没有单复数,一律看作单数。
二、可数名词:(1)可数名词前的量词:可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用 an? 以元音音素开头的用 an,以辅音音素开头的用 a。
一、选择用 a 或 an 或不填(用 / 表示)______pen______bag_____apple______big apple______banana _______orange_____oranges _______orange pen(2)可数名词单数→复数的变化规则:一般在词尾加 s,如: books,bags,girls,maps,pens以 s、x、z、 ch、sh 结尾的名词加 es,如 classes 、 boxes 、 buses 、 watches 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i,在 +es,如:family -families、baby-babies 以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词直接在词尾 +s,如:boy-boys、day-days、toy-toys以辅音 +o 结尾的名词,词尾 +es,如: tomato-tomatoes 、potato-potatoes 但某些倒是 +s,如: photo-photos 、kilo-kilos以元音 +o 结尾的名词,词尾 +s,如:zoo-zoos、radio-radios、kangaroo-kangaroos以 f、fe 结尾的名词变 f、fe 为 ves,如: wolf-wolves、wife-wifves、 life-lives、knife-knives( 3)名词复数的不规则变化:Man-men woman-women tooth-teeth child-childrenFoot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice( 4)单复数同形的名词有:Chinese 中国人Japanese 日自己sheep绵羊deer鹿fish鱼People 人注意:(1)fish:当一条鱼讲时:单复数同形,如three fish;当各种各种的鱼讲,即重申鱼的种类时,要加 es,如:all kinds of fishes当鱼肉讲时,不行数。
英语名词单复数及所涉语法以下这些名词单复数同形:fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works (工厂),means手段,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中国人只有复数形式的名词trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤,glasses眼镜,compasses 圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子“某国人”的复数有三种类型:(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s;(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把man 变为men;(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。
如:Americans, Australians, Indians等主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord )1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。
语法一致主谓一致的原则是指,主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式。
例如:A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式)语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。
Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.(主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则1、不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。
What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。
2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。
Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities 每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。
3、表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。
The United States is leading the world in science and technology . 美国常在世界科技方面领先。
The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
4、a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A series of high technology products has been laid out in theexhibition.一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。
The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death. 近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。
A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。
5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数。
例如:On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.海边,有些人在打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳。
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。
6、有些短语,如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词、或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.昨天突然断电时,那家商店丢失了许多钱。
A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently. 最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。
意义一致( Notional Concord )这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。
有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1)当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。
在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单、复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语。
也就是说,我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去。
从表面上我们也可以看出,它们与主语之间有","隔开。
例如:Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price.最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。
The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。
The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night.昨晚,那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了。
我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语:Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas.Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时,其意义若是指总量应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果其意义是指"有多少数量"则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十块钱给一个学生吃一个月的伙食是足够的了。
3) 形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperience.一方面,青年人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。
In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate.在许多故事里,好人总是有好报;坏人注定要倒霉。
4)当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。