题目一: 哈夫曼编码与译码一、任务设计一个运用哈夫曼算法的编码和译码系统, 反复地显示并解决以下项目, 直到选择退出为止。
规定：1) 将权值数据存放在数据文献(文献名为data.txt, 位于执行程序的当前目录中) ；2) 初始化：键盘输入字符集记录字符权值、自定义26个字符和26个权值、记录文献中一篇英文文章中26个字母, 建立哈夫曼树；3) 编码: 运用建好的哈夫曼树生成哈夫曼编码；4) 输出编码（一方面实现屏幕输出, 然后实现文献输出）；5）译码（键盘接受编码进行译码、文献读入编码进行译码）；6) 界面优化设计。
二、流程图三、代码分解 //头文献 #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include <conio.h> #define N 1000 #define M 2*N-1 #define MAXcode 6000 //函数声明void count(CHar &ch,HTNode ht[]);void editHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]); //编码函数void printyima(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]); //译码函数 void creatHT(HTNode ht[],int n);字符集记录符集记录权值 权值 至文献“哈夫曼树。
t xt” 菜单1.从键盘输入字符集进行编码2.从文献读入字符集进行编码1.从键盘输入编码进行译码2.从文献读入编码进行译码0.返回上级菜单 0.返回上级菜单void CreateHCode (HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n);void DispHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n);void input_key(CHar &ch);void input_file(CHar &ch);void input_cw(HTNode ht[]);void bianma1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]); void bianma2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]); void yima1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]);void yima2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]);void creat_cw();void bianmacaidan();void yimacaidan();void bianmayima();int caidan();//结构体typedef struct{char data;int parent;int weight;int lchild;int rchild;}HTNode;typedef struct{char cd[N];int start;}HCode;typedef struct{char s[N];int num;}CHar;CHar ch;HTNode ht[M];HCode hcd[N];//主函数int main(){int xh;while(1){system("color 1f"); //操作菜单背景颜色 xh=caidan(); //调用菜单函数switch(xh) //switch语句 {case 1:system("cls");creat_cw();break;case 2:system("cls");creatHT(ht,n);break;case 3:system("cls");CreateHCode(ht,hcd,n);DispHCode(ht,hcd,n);break;case 4:system("cls");bianmayima();break;case 0:system("cls");printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t感谢使用本系统!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \t\t\t");exit(0);default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误, 请重新输入:\n");break;}}return 0;}//菜单函数int caidan() //菜单函数模块//{int xh;printf("\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 欢迎使用哈夫曼编码译码系统\n");printf("\t\t \n");printf("\t\t*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*\n");printf("\t\t*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 1.建立字符权值=*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.建立并输出哈夫曼树=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 3.生成并查看哈夫曼编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 4.编码与译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.退出系统=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= =*\n"); printf("\t\t*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d", &xh);return xh; //返回从键盘接受的选项}void bianmayima(){int xh;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 编码与译码\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 1.编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh);switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");bianmacaidan();break;case 2:system("cls");yimacaidan();break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误, 请重新输入:\n");break;}}}void yimacaidan(){int xh;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 译码\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.键盘输入编码进行译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.文献读入编码进行译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh);switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");yima1(ht,hcd,n,bianma);break;case 2:system("cls");yima2(ht,hcd,n,bianma);break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误, 请重新输入:\n");break;}}}void bianmacaidan(){int xh;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 编码\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.键盘输入字符集编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.文献读入文章编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh);switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");bianma1(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);break;case 2:system("cls");bianma2(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误, 请重新输入:\n");break;}}}void creat_cw(){int xh2;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 建立字符权值\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.从键盘输入字符集进行记录=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.从文献读入字符集记录=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 3.自定义字符权值=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh2);switch(xh2) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");input_key(ch);break;case 2:system("cls");input_file(ch);break;case 3:system("cls");input_cw(ht);break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误, 请重新输入:\n");break;}}}//建立字符权值模块void input_key(CHar &ch){int i,j=0;char st[N];printf("请输入字符集（以‘#’结束）:\n");for(i=0;i<N;i++){scanf("%c",&st[i]);if(st[i]=='#'){st[i]='\0';break;}}strcpy(ch.s,st);count(ch,ht);printf("按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");return;}void input_file(CHar &ch){int i;FILE*fp;char filename[20];printf("请输入要打开的文献名(*.txt):");scanf("%s",&filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败");return;}for(i=0;!feof(fp);i++){fread(&ch.s[i],sizeof(char),1,fp);}printf("读入成功!\n");printf("文献中的字符集为:%s\n",ch.s);fclose(fp);count(ch,ht);printf("按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");return;}void input_cw(HTNode ht[]){int i,w,s,j;char a;printf("要输入的字符总个数是？:");scanf("%d",&s);n=s;printf("请输入字符及其权值:\n");for(i=0;i<s;i++){printf("请输入第%d个字母:",i+1);scanf("%s",&a);ht[i].data=a;printf("请输入其权值:");scanf("%d",&w);ht[i].weight=w;}FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("data.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败");return;}printf("\n定义权值成功!\n\n");printf("各字符及其权值为:\n\n");fprintf(fp,"各字符及其权值为:\n");printf(" 字符\t权值");fprintf(fp," 字符\t权值");for(j=0;j<i;j++){ printf("\n");fprintf(fp,"\n");printf(" %-8c%-8d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);fprintf(fp," %-8c%-8d%",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight); }printf("\n");printf("\n字符权值已输出至文献“data.txt”！");fclose(fp);printf("输入完毕, 按任意键返回！");getch();system("cls");return;}//记录字符权值函数void count(CHar &ch,HTNode ht[]){int i,j,m=0;char c[N];int sum[N]={0};for(i=0;ch.s[i]!='\0';i++){for(j=0;j<m;j++)if(ch.s[i]==c[j]||(c[j]>='a'&&c[j]<='z'&&ch.s[i]+32==c[j])) break;if(j<m)sum[j]++;else{if(ch.s[i]>='A'&&ch.s[i]<='Z')c[j]=ch.s[i]+32;else c[j]=ch.s[i];sum[j]++;m++;}}for(i=0;i<m;i++){ht[i].data=c[i];ht[i].weight=sum[i];}n=m;FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("data.txt","w"))==0) {printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败"); return;}printf("\n记录权值成功!\n\n"); printf("各字符及其权值为:\n\n"); fprintf(fp,"各字符及其权值为:\n"); printf(" 字符\t权值");fprintf(fp," 字符\t权值");for(j=0;j<m;j++){ printf("\n");fprintf(fp,"\n");printf(" %-8c%-8d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);fprintf(fp," %-8c%-8d%",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);}printf("\n");printf("\n字符权值已输出至文献“data.txt”！");fclose(fp);}//构造哈夫曼树void creatHT(HTNode ht[],int n){FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("哈夫曼树.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败");return;}int i,j,k,lnode,rnode;int min1,min2;for (i=0;i<2*n-1;i++)ht[i].parent=ht[i].lchild=ht[i].rchild=-1;for (i=n;i<2*n-1;i++){min1=min2=32767;lnode=rnode=-1;for(k=0;k<=i-1;k++)if(ht[k].parent==-1){if (ht[k].weight<min1){min2=min1;rnode=lnode;min1=ht[k].weight;lnode=k;}else if(ht[k].weight<min2){min2=ht[k].weight;rnode=k;}}ht[lnode].parent=i;ht[rnode].parent=i;ht[i].weight=ht[lnode].weight+ht[rnode].weight;ht[i].lchild=lnode;ht[i].rchild=rnode;}printf("建立huffman树成功!\n");printf("输出huffman树:\n");fprintf(fp,"输出huffman树:\n");printf("\t字符\t权值\t父节点\t 左子节点\t右子节点");fprintf(fp,"\t字符\t权值\t父节点\t 左子节点\t右子节点");for(j=1;j<i;j++){ printf("\n");fprintf(fp,"\n");printf("\t %-8c%-8d%-10d%-14d%-10d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight,ht[j].parent,ht[i]. lchild,ht[j].rchild);fprintf(fp,"\t %-8c%-8d%-10d%-14d%-10d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight,ht[j].parent,h t[i].lchild,ht[j].rchild);}printf("\n");printf("哈夫曼树已输出至文献“哈夫曼树.txt”！按任意键返回!");fclose(fp);getch();system("cls");return;}//生成哈夫曼编码void CreateHCode (HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n){int i,f,c,j=0;HCode hc;for(i=0;i<n;i++){hc.start=n;c=i;hc.cd[hc.start--]='0';f=ht[i].parent;while(f!=-1){if (ht[f].lchild==c)hc.cd[hc.start--]='0';elsehc.cd[hc.start--]='1';c=f;f=ht[f].parent;}hc.start++;for(j=0;j<hc.start;j++)hc.cd[j]=' ';hcd[i]=hc;}}void DispHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n) {FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("哈夫曼编码.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败");return;}int i,k;int sum=0,m=0,j;printf("输出字符哈夫曼编码:\n"); fputs("输出字符哈夫曼编码:\n",fp); for (i=0;i<n;i++){j=0;printf("%c:\t",ht[i].data);fprintf(fp,"\n%c:\t",ht[i].data);for (k=hcd[i].start;k<=n;k++){printf("%c",hcd[i].cd[k]);j++;fprintf(fp,"%c",hcd[i].cd[k]); }m+=ht[i].weight;sum+=ht[i].weight*j;printf("\n");}printf("\n哈夫曼编码已保存至文献“哈夫曼编码.txt!按任意键返回！”");fclose(fp);getch();system("cls");}//编码函数void bianma1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]){int i;char str[N];printf("请输入要编码的字符集（以‘#’结束）:\n");for(i=0;i<N;i++){scanf("%c",&str[i]);if(str[i]=='#'){str[i]='\0';break;}}strcpy(ch.s,str);ch.num=strlen(str);editHCode(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);getch();system("cls");}void bianma2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]) {int i;FILE*fp;char filename[20];printf("请输入要打开的文献名(*.txt):");scanf("%s",&filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败");return;}for(i=0;!feof(fp);i++){fread(&ch.s[i],sizeof(char),1,fp);}ch.num=strlen(ch.s);printf("\n读入成功!\n");printf("文献中的字符集为:\n%s",ch.s);fclose(fp);editHCode(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);system("cls");return;}//译码函数void yima1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]) {int i;char code[MAXcode];printf("请输入编码进行译码（以‘#’结束）:\n");for(i=0;i<MAXcode;i++){scanf("%c",&code[i]);if(code[i]=='#'){code[i]='\0';break;}}strcpy(bianma,code);printyima(ht,hcd,n,bianma);printf("\n译码完毕！按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");return;}void yima2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]) {int i;FILE*fp;char filename[20];printf("请输入要打开的文献名(*.txt):");scanf("%s",&filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){printf("\n\t\t文献打开失败");return;}for(i=0;!feof(fp);i++){fread(&bianma[i],sizeof(char),1,fp);}printf("读入成功!\n");printf("文献中的编码是:%s\n",bianma);printyima(ht,hcd,n,bianma);printf("\n译码完毕！按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");}四、调试结果主菜单建立字符权值选择2.从文献读入字符进行记录输入测试文献名“cs.txt”输出个字符权值建立哈夫曼树并输出至文献生成哈夫曼编码并保存至文献编码选择2.从文献读入字符集编码编码结果保存至文献译码选择2.从文献读入编码, 读入上一步的编码译码完毕, 返回！退出系统。
