题目一：哈夫曼编码与译码一、任务设计一个利用哈夫曼算法的编码和译码系统，重复地显示并处理以下项目，直到选择退出为止。
要求：1) 将权值数据存放在数据文件(文件名为data.txt，位于执行程序的当前目录中) ；2) 初始化：键盘输入字符集统计字符权值、自定义26个字符和26个权值、统计文件中一篇英文文章中26个字母，建立哈夫曼树；3) 编码：利用建好的哈夫曼树生成哈夫曼编码；4) 输出编码（首先实现屏幕输出，然后实现文件输出）；5）译码（键盘接收编码进行译码、文件读入编码进行译码）；6) 界面优化设计。
二、流程图主菜单1.建立字符权值2.建立并输出哈夫曼树3.建立并查看哈弗曼编码4.编码与译码0.退出系统1.从键盘输入字符集统计2.从文件读入字符集统计权值3.自定义字符及权值0.返回上级菜单输出哈夫曼树并保存至文件“哈夫曼树。
t xt”1.编码2.译码0.返回上级菜单1.从键盘输入字符集进行编码2.从文件读入字符集进行编码1.从键盘输入编码进行译码2.从文件读入编码进行译码0.返回上级菜单0.返回上级菜单三、代码分解//头文件#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include <conio.h>#define N 1000#define M 2*N-1#define MAXcode 6000//函数声明void count(CHar &ch,HTNode ht[]);void editHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]); //编码函数void printyima(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]); //译码函数void creatHT(HTNode ht[],int n);void CreateHCode (HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n);void DispHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n);void input_key(CHar &ch);void input_file(CHar &ch);void input_cw(HTNode ht[]);void bianma1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]);void bianma2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]);void yima1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]);void yima2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]);void creat_cw();void bianmacaidan();void yimacaidan();void bianmayima();int caidan();//结构体typedef struct{char data;int parent;int weight;int lchild;int rchild;}HTNode;typedef struct{char cd[N];int start;}HCode;typedef struct{char s[N];int num;}CHar;CHar ch;HTNode ht[M];HCode hcd[N];//主函数int main(){int xh;while(1){system("color 1f"); //操作菜单背景颜色xh=caidan(); //调用菜单函数switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");creat_cw();break;case 2:system("cls");creatHT(ht,n);break;case 3:system("cls");CreateHCode(ht,hcd,n);DispHCode(ht,hcd,n);break;case 4:system("cls");bianmayima();break;case 0:system("cls");printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t感谢使用本系统!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \t\t\t");exit(0);default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误，请重新输入:\n");break;}}return 0;}//菜单函数int caidan() //菜单函数模块//{int xh;printf("\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 欢迎使用哈夫曼编码译码系统\n");printf("\t\t \n");printf("\t\t*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*\n");printf("\t\t*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 1.建立字符权值=*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 2.建立并输出哈夫曼树=*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 3.生成并查看哈夫曼编码=*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 4.编码与译码=*\n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*= 0.退出系统=*\n");printf("\t\t*= =*\n");printf("\t\t*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*\n");printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d", &xh);return xh; //返回从键盘接收的选项}void bianmayima(){int xh;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 编码与译码\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh);switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");bianmacaidan();break;case 2:system("cls");yimacaidan();break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误，请重新输入:\n");break;}}}void yimacaidan(){int xh;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 译码\n"); printf("\t\t \n");printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.键盘输入编码进行译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.文件读入编码进行译码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh);switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");yima1(ht,hcd,n,bianma);break;case 2:system("cls");yima2(ht,hcd,n,bianma);break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误，请重新输入:\n");break;}}}void bianmacaidan(){int xh;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 编码\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.键盘输入字符集编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.文件读入文章编码=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n");printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh);switch(xh) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");bianma1(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);break;case 2:system("cls");bianma2(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误，请重新输入:\n");break;}}}void creat_cw(){int xh2;while(1){printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t\t 建立字符权值\n"); printf("\t\t \n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 1.从键盘输入字符集进行统计=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 2.从文件读入字符集统计=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 3.自定义字符权值=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\t\t*= 0.返回上级菜单=*\n"); printf("\t\t*= *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=* =*\n"); printf("\n\t\t请输入序号进行选择:");scanf("%d",&xh2);switch(xh2) //switch语句{case 1:system("cls");input_key(ch);break;case 2:system("cls");input_file(ch);break;case 3:system("cls");input_cw(ht);break;case 0:system("cls");return;default:system("cls");putchar('\a');printf("\n\t\t输入有误，请重新输入:\n");break;}}}//建立字符权值模块void input_key(CHar &ch){int i,j=0;char st[N];printf("请输入字符集（以‘#’结束）:\n");for(i=0;i<N;i++){scanf("%c",&st[i]);if(st[i]=='#'){st[i]='\0';break;}}strcpy(ch.s,st);ch.num=strlen(st);count(ch,ht);printf("按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");return;}void input_file(CHar &ch){int i;FILE*fp;char filename[20];printf("请输入要打开的文件名(*.txt):");scanf("%s",&filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}for(i=0;!feof(fp);i++){fread(&ch.s[i],sizeof(char),1,fp);}ch.num=strlen(ch.s);printf("读入成功!\n");printf("文件中的字符集为:%s\n",ch.s);fclose(fp);count(ch,ht);printf("按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");return;}void input_cw(HTNode ht[]){int i,w,s,j;char a;printf("要输入的字符总个数是？:");scanf("%d",&s);n=s;printf("请输入字符及其权值:\n");for(i=0;i<s;i++){printf("请输入第%d个字母:",i+1);scanf("%s",&a);ht[i].data=a;printf("请输入其权值:");scanf("%d",&w);ht[i].weight=w;}FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("data.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}printf("\n定义权值成功!\n\n");printf("各字符及其权值为:\n\n");fprintf(fp,"各字符及其权值为:\n");printf(" 字符\t权值");fprintf(fp," 字符\t权值");for(j=0;j<i;j++){ printf("\n");fprintf(fp,"\n");printf(" %-8c%-8d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);fprintf(fp," %-8c%-8d%",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);}printf("\n");printf("\n字符权值已输出至文件“data.txt”！");fclose(fp);printf("输入完成，按任意键返回！");getch();system("cls");return;}//统计字符权值函数void count(CHar &ch,HTNode ht[]){int i,j,m=0;char c[N];int sum[N]={0};for(i=0;ch.s[i]!='\0';i++){for(j=0;j<m;j++)if(ch.s[i]==c[j]||(c[j]>='a'&&c[j]<='z'&&ch.s[i]+32==c[j])) break;if(j<m)sum[j]++;else{if(ch.s[i]>='A'&&ch.s[i]<='Z')c[j]=ch.s[i]+32;else c[j]=ch.s[i];sum[j]++;m++;}}for(i=0;i<m;i++){ht[i].data=c[i];ht[i].weight=sum[i];}n=m;FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("data.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}printf("\n统计权值成功!\n\n");printf("各字符及其权值为:\n\n");fprintf(fp,"各字符及其权值为:\n");printf(" 字符\t权值");fprintf(fp," 字符\t权值");for(j=0;j<m;j++){ printf("\n");fprintf(fp,"\n");printf(" %-8c%-8d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);fprintf(fp," %-8c%-8d%",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight);}printf("\n");printf("\n字符权值已输出至文件“data.txt”！");fclose(fp);}//构造哈夫曼树void creatHT(HTNode ht[],int n){FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("哈夫曼树.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}int i,j,k,lnode,rnode;int min1,min2;for (i=0;i<2*n-1;i++)ht[i].parent=ht[i].lchild=ht[i].rchild=-1;for (i=n;i<2*n-1;i++){min1=min2=32767;lnode=rnode=-1;for(k=0;k<=i-1;k++)if(ht[k].parent==-1){if (ht[k].weight<min1){min2=min1;rnode=lnode;min1=ht[k].weight;lnode=k;}else if(ht[k].weight<min2){min2=ht[k].weight;rnode=k;}}ht[lnode].parent=i;ht[rnode].parent=i;ht[i].weight=ht[lnode].weight+ht[rnode].weight;ht[i].lchild=lnode;ht[i].rchild=rnode;}printf("建立huffman树成功!\n");printf("输出huffman树:\n");fprintf(fp,"输出huffman树:\n");printf("\t字符\t权值\t父节点\t 左子节点\t右子节点");fprintf(fp,"\t字符\t权值\t父节点\t 左子节点\t右子节点");for(j=1;j<i;j++){ printf("\n");fprintf(fp,"\n");printf("\t %-8c%-8d%-10d%-14d%-10d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight,ht[j].parent,ht[i]. lchild,ht[j].rchild);fprintf(fp,"\t %-8c%-8d%-10d%-14d%-10d",ht[j].data,ht[j].weight,ht[j].parent,h t[i].lchild,ht[j].rchild);}printf("\n");printf("哈夫曼树已输出至文件“哈夫曼树.txt”！按任意键返回!");fclose(fp);getch();system("cls");return;}//生成哈夫曼编码void CreateHCode (HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n){int i,f,c,j=0;HCode hc;for(i=0;i<n;i++){hc.start=n;c=i;hc.cd[hc.start--]='0';f=ht[i].parent;while(f!=-1){if (ht[f].lchild==c)hc.cd[hc.start--]='0';elsehc.cd[hc.start--]='1';c=f;f=ht[f].parent;}hc.start++;for(j=0;j<hc.start;j++)hc.cd[j]=' ';hcd[i]=hc;}}void DispHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n) {FILE *fp;if((fp=fopen("哈夫曼编码.txt","w"))==0){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}int i,k;int sum=0,m=0,j;printf("输出字符哈夫曼编码:\n");fputs("输出字符哈夫曼编码:\n",fp);for (i=0;i<n;i++){j=0;printf("%c:\t",ht[i].data);fprintf(fp,"\n%c:\t",ht[i].data);for (k=hcd[i].start;k<=n;k++){printf("%c",hcd[i].cd[k]);j++;fprintf(fp,"%c",hcd[i].cd[k]);}m+=ht[i].weight;sum+=ht[i].weight*j;printf("\n");}printf("\n哈夫曼编码已保存至文件“哈夫曼编码.txt!按任意键返回！”");fclose(fp);getch();system("cls");}//编码函数void bianma1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]){int i;char str[N];printf("请输入要编码的字符集（以‘#’结束）:\n");for(i=0;i<N;i++){scanf("%c",&str[i]);if(str[i]=='#'){str[i]='\0';break;}}strcpy(ch.s,str);ch.num=strlen(str);editHCode(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);getch();system("cls");return;}void bianma2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],CHar &ch,int n,char bianma[]) {int i;FILE*fp;char filename[20];printf("请输入要打开的文件名(*.txt):");scanf("%s",&filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}for(i=0;!feof(fp);i++){fread(&ch.s[i],sizeof(char),1,fp);}ch.num=strlen(ch.s);printf("\n读入成功!\n");printf("文件中的字符集为:\n%s",ch.s);fclose(fp);editHCode(ht,hcd,ch,n,bianma);getch();system("cls");return;}//译码函数void yima1(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]){int i;char code[MAXcode];printf("请输入编码进行译码（以‘#’结束）:\n");for(i=0;i<MAXcode;i++){scanf("%c",&code[i]);if(code[i]=='#'){code[i]='\0';break;}}strcpy(bianma,code);printyima(ht,hcd,n,bianma);printf("\n译码完成！按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls");return;}void yima2(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n,char bianma[]) {int i;FILE*fp;char filename[20];printf("请输入要打开的文件名(*.txt):");scanf("%s",&filename);if((fp=fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL){printf("\n\t\t文件打开失败");return;}for(i=0;!feof(fp);i++){fread(&bianma[i],sizeof(char),1,fp);}printf("读入成功!\n");printf("文件中的编码是:%s\n",bianma);printyima(ht,hcd,n,bianma);printf("\n译码完成！按任意键返回!");getch();system("cls"); }四、调试结果主菜单建立字符权值选择2.从文件读入字符进行统计输入测试文件名“cs.txt”输出个字符权值建立哈夫曼树并输出至文件生成哈夫曼编码并保存至文件编码选择2.从文件读入字符集编码编码结果保存至文件译码选择2.从文件读入编码，读入上一步的编码译码完成，返回！退出系统。
