下载文档原格式
专题01 构词法高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【考点详解】【命题解读】分析近三年年高考卷，仅在语法填空中涉及到构词法中的就有两到三个小题。
可知，近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。
通过引导学生掌握构词法，分析词的组成，有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力，扩大词汇量。
此外，利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性，避免出现拼写的错误，提高综合能力。
【考点预测】预计2023年高考将侧重考查词性的转换，命题侧重对名词、形容词、副词的转换的考查。
【复习建议】1.掌握派生法、合成法、转化法2.侧重培养通过语境上下文的推理判断词性的能力3.注重词汇积累考点一（派生法）派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
词根是派生词的基础，而词缀起到决定派生词的词汇意义和语法属性的作用。
（一）形容词的后缀和前缀1. 名词+-cial--形容词benefit--beneficial 有益的office--official 官方的face--facial 面部的race--racial 种族的finance--financial 金融的society--social 社会的【典例剖析】(2022全国卷乙卷) l provide ___________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.【答案】financial【解析】设空处后面有名词aid，充当provide的宾语，故修饰名词应当使用形容词作定语。
英语构词法对高考语法填空的指导作用作者：刘舒梦来源：《新课程·中学》2018年第09期摘要：英语词汇里有许多构词法：有通过加前缀、后缀，构成派生词；有通过单词的组合，构成合成词；有通过读音的变化，成为新的词语等，这些构词法对于单词的记忆和学习很有帮助，学好了构词法，可以扩大词汇量，运用派生词的方法，还可以帮助我们完成语法填空中的词类转换题，提高我们做语法填空的准确率。
关键词：英语构词法；派生词；语法填空英语词汇里有许多构词法：有通过加前缀、后缀，构成派生词；有通过单词的组合，构成合成词；有通过读音的变化，成为新的词语等，指导学生掌握构词法扩大单词量，在词类转换题方面对学生进行方法上的培训和引导，了解近三年来语法填空的命题规律和特点，提高做题的正确率，这样学生学习更轻松，老师教学也能达到事半功倍的效果。
基于以上目的，首先对2014～2017年的高考真题词类转换题进行以下分类：一、考查派生副词的用法1.It is_________（certain） fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.（2017全国卷Ⅲ）2.The title will be _________（official） given to me at a cere-mony in London.（2016全国卷Ⅰ）【考点分析】有不少副词是通过在词根形容词后面加上后缀-ly派生来的，这是近年来高考英语语法填空的一个考查重点。
以上两题的答案分别是certainly，officially，此处之所以要用副词形式，是因为它们均在句子中用作状语。
二、考查派生形容词的用法The central London Railway was one of the most ______（succ-ess） of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.（2017全国卷Ⅱ）【考点分析】构成派生形容词的常见后缀有-ful，-less，-able，-ous，-al，-ive，-ent等。
高考英语历年真题详解-构词法2015新课标1卷Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词，形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly，副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。
2015新课标2卷In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their(able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.答案：ability构词法：形容词构名词，名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equalityWalls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.答案：slowly构词法：形容词构副词As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案：natural构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2016全国卷（新课标一）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).答案：attraction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.答案：officially构词法：形容词构副词2016全国新课标二卷Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve).答案：achievement构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, governmentRecent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词2016全国卷（新课标三）Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.答案：gradually构词法：形容词构副词Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.答案：development构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, government2017（全国1卷）However, be (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国2卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must havebeen (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案：fairly构词法：形容词构副词This development was only possible with the (introduce) ofelectric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案：successful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国3卷）She is determined to carry on with her ( educate).答案：education构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionIt is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly构词法：形容词构副词2018（全国1卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercisesto (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案：strengthen构词法：名词构动词，动词后缀或前缀-en: quicken, weaken, soften, harden; en-: enjoy, encourage, enlargeRunning is cheap, easy and it's always (energy).答案：energetic构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀(t)ic-: realistic , humanistic , enthusiastic , economic2018（全国2卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.答案：actually构词法：形容词构副词This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案：pollution构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.答案：global构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2018（全国3卷）I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：scientist构词法：-ist：pianist, communist, dentist, artist, receptionist2018（浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week maybe (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案：affordable动词构形容，形容词后缀-able, -ible：eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonableResearchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.答案：weight构词法：动词构名词2019（全国1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.答案：poorly构词法：形容词构副词In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.答案：belief构词法：动词构名词，类似的还有relieve-relief2019全国2卷Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.答案：finally构词法：形容词构副词We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).答案：wonderful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2019全国3卷When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.答案：competition构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThey also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.答案：traditional; hugely构词法：名词构形容词；形容词构副词2019浙江卷When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can(easy) see them.答案：easily构词法：形容词构副词School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.答案：traditional构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national。
——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————2019年高考英语语法必考考点（15）：构词法含解析李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法：转化法和缀合法（派生法）。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法，即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类，后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法，一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型：1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。
例如：①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如：①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.中国人勤劳而勇敢。
英语高考转化构词法转化构词法是指通过改变单词的词性或形态，来创造新词或派生词的构词法。
在英语高考中，我们经常会遇到这种构词法，因此对于掌握英语词汇及语法而言，掌握这种构词法是非常重要的。
一、名词转动词这种构词法是将名词转换为动词，常用的形式有加动词后缀，如happen、lengthen等，在英语中，名词转动词的范围非常广泛。
示例：1. Friend - befriend2. Help - help3. Love - love4. Party - party5. Play - play6. Rain - rain7. Road - road8. Smile - smile9. Shop-shop10. Train - train二、动词转名词示例：1. Build- builder2. Cook - cook3. Design - design4. Friend - friendship5. Jog - jogger6. Read - reader7. Smile - smile8. Sing - singer9. Swim - swimmer10. Talk - talker三、形容词转动词这种构词法是将形容词转换为动词，常用的形式有添加动词后缀，如brighten、loosen等。
示例：1. Dark - darken2. Dry - dry3. Quiet - quieten4. Soft - soften5. Wet - wet6. Bright - brighten7. Old - old8. Far - far9. Light - light10. Quick - quicken四、动词转形容词这种构词法是将动词转换为形容词，常用的形式有加形容词后缀，如amused、confused、interested等。
示例：1. Amuse - amused2. Choose - chosen3. Confuse - confused4. Disappoint - disappointed5. E某cite - e某cited6. Fascinate - fascinated7. Interest - interested8. Please - pleased9. Satisfy - satisfied10. Terrify - terrified五、名词转形容词这种构词法是将名词转换为形容词，常用的形式有加形容词后缀，如fiery、cloudy、woody等。
高考英语3500词快速记忆法(1)份高考英语3500词快速记忆法 1高中英语单词快速记忆方法1.读音法在英语单词学习中，利用语音及构词法记忆单词是最常用及有效的方法。
语音记忆是利用词汇的音和形两者之间的联系.结合词汇信息和其发音特征关系，掌握规律后在脑海中反复练习并建立词的音和形对应关系，达到记忆单词的目的。
英语中一定的字母组合形成一定的发音，利用字母组合后的读音规则可掌握词的拼写形式.因此利用词的正确读音来记忆单词是最基本和最好的方法。
大胆地说!对于高级别记忆2-3万词汇的人来说，其它的词汇不用说就已经背下来了。
而这个等级的词汇在阅读材料里非常少，可能阅读十篇文章都很难见到一个这个等级的词。
所以靠阅读来增加见面机会已经不行了。
这些词汇甚至有的老外一辈子都没见过，尤其是GRE词汇，什么“给马穿衣服”，“纽约的流氓”，“从非洲吹向南欧的风”之类的词汇.这些词都是一些很少用到的精致的修辞，也就是说，如果一个英语学习者说的话里净是这些词，那就不用再学英语了，因为你已经可以假冒一位语言学者了。
而且，一般的老外也听不懂您说的这些话，所以不用这些词汇也能表达同样的含义。
不过，如果你真的把英语学到这个程度了，等有机会时不妨可以跟老外讲话中带上这些单词，然后很自豪地、假装谦虚地跟他们解释这些词的含义。
那时，老外要是不说“I服了you!”才怪!高中英语单词快速记忆方法2.大量阅读8000到__这个词汇等级，基本包含了剩下的百分之二十。
这些单词在听力教材里很难找到。
但是，不要停止听的练习，因为听能巩固您的语调感觉，而这是背这个等级单词的一个关键。
不过，背这个等级的词，需要在听以外增加阅读的内容。
阅读，同样要分精读和泛读两种。
泛读要挑文章不太长、生词较少、自己能够耐心看完的文章，也就是说，一篇文章有3-5个不认识词汇为好。
千万不要一上来就看英语报刊杂志小说，那些东西不但很难看懂，而且看懂了也对背单词没什么促进作用。
泛读也需要大量练习，只要有耐心，又有足够时间，就一直读下去吧!读的时候用不着太仔细，扫一眼明白文章的大致意思就可以了，然后把其中没看懂的词画上记号，用不着琢磨它是什么意思，继续扫描式地读下去。
【高考必读】2019年高考真题中的构词法近十年高考英语阅读文章中频繁出现派生词、合成词和转化词等基于构词法衍生的新面孔词汇。
有些单词/ 短语在“扩容”后，意义全非。
值得警惕的是，这种构词法词汇的呈现量在2017年后呈加速度增长。
2019全国 I 卷1. hands-on business training 操作性强的商务培训2. joker n 爱开玩笑的人；傻瓜；难以预料的事；难以捉摸的人the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for non-native English 3. Kris trips onspeakers.克勒斯在“-ld”发音上磕绊起来，这个发音对于英语非母语的人来说是一个拼读难点。
► trip on 绊倒；磕巴4. improper pauses 不恰当的停顿数据及身份信息盗窃5. data and identity theft6. fingerprint scan 指纹扫描7. a low-cost device 低成本设备8. by extension 再则就是；引申下去就是9. password n 密码► a username and password 用户名及密码10. commercialize / commercialise v 商业化11. rosy years 花样年华► rosy future 乐观的未来► a rosy picture 美好的画面12. well-explored 探讨充分的促进人际技巧13. jump-start interpersonal skills14. dishonorable behavior 不光彩的行为15. enviable adj 令人羡慕的；令人嫉妒的16. score vt 得分；打分 n 得分；比分最不受欢迎的青少年17. the least well-liked teensn 讨人喜欢；可爱18. likability19. adaptable adj 能适应的；适应力强的20. The clean air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. ► life-giving adj 赋予生命的；维持生命的► energizing adj 增强活力的21. Greenery is good for us.► greenery n 绿色植物；青枝绿叶22. apply sunscreen over the skin在皮肤上涂抹防晒霜► apply make-up / lipstick 抹化妆品 / 唇膏2019全国II卷1. co-author n 联合作者；合著作家2. Here she picks her top reads.在此，她挑选了几本她最喜爱的读物。
英语构词法在高考中的应用本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量考情分析：1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考)2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考)3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)考点精讲：Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change.Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.英语构词法主要有三种方法：一．.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇)二. 转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水三. 派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的，只改变其。
happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的一．合成法：…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小偷B. 商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工注意：请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。
1.For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.二．转化法：He is a man with broad shoulders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free三．派生法（重点）：（一）前缀1.否定前缀：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non-请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。
balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair 2.请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducation subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport归纳：巩固练习：1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.What does the word “mispresent ”mean?A.Making a wrong judgment aboutB.Understanding somebody wronglyC.Giving a wrong description ofD.Forming a wrong opinion about2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…(二）后缀1.常见的名词后缀A: 表示人的后缀：B: 其它常见的后缀：技巧点拨：动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为,并注意名词数的变化。
动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。
(1)His (careful) resulted in the terrible accident(2)He was one of the (visit) who thought highly of Tom, their guide. 2.常见的形容词后缀- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less –ly;-ous表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful3.常见的副词后缀:- ly 表示方式,程度: freely ，happily-ward (s) 表示方向: westwards技巧点拨：动词前后、形容词前后可有，这时，如果所给词为形容词，则需将其变为副词。
如果所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀-ly。
另外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。
名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语,连系动词后接形容词作表语。
如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。
如：(1)The little girl is (extreme）eager to know the result of the exam.(2)What，s the (length)river in the world?(3)The (strength)we become, the more modest we should be.4. 动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…）写出下列单词的动词形式。
beauty modern deep rich real quick技巧点拨：动词是句子的灵魂，在确定语法填空的答案时，要考虑句子中是否有谓语动词，如果谓语动词，需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。
两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)易错点1.Nowadays most aircraft fly highly.2.They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home.3.”We really did very well,”cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice,”for I found little unhappiness among the children this morning.强化训练1.In a word, to save time is _________(long) life. to lengthen2.Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _____ (true) rich.3.The race gave a great deal of ________(please).(惠一调)4. It was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of _____ (angry).(惠二调)5..and viruses, so I’m very careful not to give out my _________ (person) information.(惠三调)6.With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _________ (speech).(广一模)7. Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州二模)8.. …(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest. (09广州二模)9.. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_________ (patience). （深一模）10.. “Thirty-five cents,”she said (rude). （09深一模）11.. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them.12. …you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain) field. (惠一模)13. These people have made great __________ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）14.．The storm damaged several_________ (new) built buildings,…(梅州二模)15.．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative…(四校联考)16.…. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）解题心得小结：介词，冠词，所有格后接_____；形容词修饰_____；副词修饰____________________熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性注意1.在做语法填空时，一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构，句子成分，平时要多积累相关的单词，熟悉其词性，并利用好构词法等技巧。
